ES2361702B2 - PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF TUNNELS OR PERFORATIONS IN CIVIL WORK THROUGH SACRIFICE TUNNELS. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF TUNNELS OR PERFORATIONS IN CIVIL WORK THROUGH SACRIFICE TUNNELS. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2361702B2 ES2361702B2 ES200902300A ES200902300A ES2361702B2 ES 2361702 B2 ES2361702 B2 ES 2361702B2 ES 200902300 A ES200902300 A ES 200902300A ES 200902300 A ES200902300 A ES 200902300A ES 2361702 B2 ES2361702 B2 ES 2361702B2
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- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- tunnels
- execution
- sacrifice
- main
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000406668 Loxodonta cyclotis Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/04—Driving tunnels or galleries through loose materials; Apparatus therefor not otherwise provided for
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D13/00—Large underground chambers; Methods or apparatus for making them
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Procedimiento para la ejecución de túneles o perforaciones en obra civil mediante túneles de sacrificio.Procedure for the execution of tunnels or drilling in civil works through sacrificial tunnels.
La presente invención plantea la ejecución de túneles de sacrificio para que se reduzca o se elimine la necesidad del uso de elementos de sostenimiento en la construcción de cualquier túnel.The present invention raises the execution of sacrificial tunnels to reduce or eliminate the need of the use of support elements in the construction of any tunnel
Así se presenta un procedimiento para la ejecución de túneles o perforaciones en obra civil para reducir o eliminar el empleo de elementos de sostenimiento del terreno o macizo rocoso caracterizado por la ejecución de un Túnel de Sacrificio, de modo que ese Túnel de Sacrifico se deformará asumiendo las tensiones y deformaciones provocadas por el peso del terreno evitando que se transmitan al túnel principal.This presents a procedure for execution of tunnels or civil works drilling to reduce or eliminate the use of land support elements or rock massif characterized by the execution of a Tunnel of Sacrifice, so that Sacrificial Tunnel will deform assuming the tensions and deformations caused by the weight of the terrain preventing them from being transmitted to the main tunnel.
El Túnel de Sacrificio, que puede aparecer en conjunto con otros, debe ser en cualquier caso de pequeño diámetro respecto del túnel principal, estando situado a una determinada distancia sobre la clave del túnel principal.The Sacrifice Tunnel, which may appear in together with others, it must be in any case of small diameter with respect to the main tunnel, being located at a certain distance over the key of the main tunnel.
Description
Procedimiento para la ejecución de túneles o perforaciones en obra civil mediante túneles de sacrificio.Procedure for the execution of tunnels or drilling in civil works through sacrificial tunnels.
La invención se encuadra en el sector técnico de la ejecución de túneles y perforaciones para la ejecución de obras lineales, ya sean túneles de carretera, ferroviarios, en minas, de comunicaciones, transporte de mercancía, y todos aquellos relacionados con las perforaciones para la extracción de gases o materiales (líquidos o sólidos) combustibles.The invention falls within the technical sector of the execution of tunnels and perforations for the execution of works linear, whether road tunnels, railways, in mines, of communications, freight transport, and all those related to perforations for gas extraction or combustible materials (liquids or solids).
La ejecución de los distintos tipos de túneles y perforaciones en obra civil se lleva a cabo fundamentalmente en terrenos o macizos rocosos de baja capacidad portante o elevada deformabilidad, donde se desarrolla todo un conjunto de sistemas anejos a la excavación principal y que sirven de sostenimiento del terreno o del macizo rocoso en el que se realiza la excavación.The execution of the different types of tunnels and drilling in civil works is carried out primarily in rocky terrain or massifes of low bearing or high capacity deformability, where a whole set of systems is developed annexed to the main excavation and that serve as support of the terrain or rock mass in which excavation is performed.
Como mecanismo de anclaje y sostenimiento se utilizan bulones macizos normales a la dirección de avance del túnel principal, que pueden estar agrupados en estructuras de paraguas de bulones o bulones de fibra de vidrio situados en el frente de avance, logrando el sostenimiento de la estructura al reducir tensiones y deformaciones (horizontales y verticales) que se producen durante los trabajos de excavación, provocado por el peso del terreno o del macizo rocoso situado sobre la cota de excavación, asumiendo estos materiales parte de los estados tensionales y de deformación propios de la obra.As an anchor and support mechanism, use solid bolts normal to the direction of tunnel advance main, which can be grouped into umbrella structures of fiberglass bolts or bolts located in front of advance, achieving the support of the structure by reducing stresses and deformations (horizontal and vertical) that are produced during excavation work, caused by weight of the ground or rock massif located above the excavation level, assuming these materials part of the tension states and of deformation of the work.
Independientemente del procedimiento constructivo considerado para la ejecución (alemán, belga, nuevo método austríaco, tuneladoras en sus distintos formatos), los bulones son elementos muy importantes en el sector arriba definido, puesto que su correcto dimensionamiento permite una adecuada ejecución de la obra, evitando colapsos parciales o completos tanto del frente de avance como de la parte ya excavada. Actualmente, todo este conjunto de sistemas anejos necesita para su ejecución tanto de complejos equipos de obra como de elevadas partidas presupuestarias.Regardless of the procedure constructive considered for execution (German, Belgian, new Austrian method, tunnel boring machines in their different formats), Bolts are very important elements in the sector defined above, since its correct sizing allows adequate execution of the work, avoiding partial or complete collapses both of the front of advance as of the part already excavated. Currently, everything this set of annexed systems needs for its execution both of complex work teams such as high games budgetary
El objetivo sería reducir los valores de tensiones y deformaciones en el túnel principal, moderando y eliminando a su vez el empleo de sistemas anejos al mismo y disminuyendo, de esta forma, tanto los plazos de ejecución como las partidas presupuestarias destinadas al efecto, permitiendo un incremento en la seguridad durante la ejecución de los trabajos.The objective would be to reduce the values of stresses and deformations in the main tunnel, moderating and eliminating in turn the use of systems attached to it and decreasing, in this way, both the execution deadlines and the budget items intended for this purpose, allowing a Increase in security during the execution of the work.
La presente invención se centra en la ejecución de uno o varios túneles o perforaciones (llamados Túnel o Túneles de Sacrificio) de sección circular de pequeño diámetro y ubicados concéntricamente a cierta distancia del túnel o perforación principal, pudiendo ser revestidos o no, de forma que asuman las tensiones y deformaciones (horizontales y verticales) provocadas por los estratos de terreno o macizos rocosos situados sobre el túnel o perforación principal.The present invention focuses on the execution of one or several tunnels or perforations (called Tunnels or Tunnels of Sacrifice) of small diameter circular section and located concentrically some distance from the tunnel or drilling main, being able to be coated or not, so that they assume the stresses and deformations (horizontal and vertical) caused by the strata of land or rock massifs located above the tunnel or main drilling
En el caso de que el Túnel de Sacrificio (1) sea único, según se indica en las figuras 1 y 2, el Túnel de Sacrificio (1) se encuentra situado sobre la vertical de la clave del túnel principal (2), a una distancia de entre el 30% y el 50% de la altura de este último, y con un diámetro de entre el 10% y el 20% de la altura del túnel principal, manteniéndose el eje del Túnel de Sacrificio paralelo al eje del túnel principal.In the event that the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) is unique, as indicated in figures 1 and 2, the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) is located above the vertical of the tunnel key main (2), at a distance between 30% and 50% of the height of the latter, and with a diameter of between 10% and 20% of the height of the main tunnel, maintaining the axis of the Tunnel of Sacrifice parallel to the axis of the main tunnel.
Figura 1Figure one
Sección Transversal de un túnel en una sección cualquiera de terreno, ejecutado con forma de medio punto con pata de elefante en la zona de apoyos, representándose únicamente y por condiciones de simetría, el lateral izquierdo de la obra. Sobre la clave del túnel principal (2), se sitúa el Túnel de Sacrificio (1), con objeto de asumir parte del estado tensional y deformacional del terreno situado sobre él hasta la cota cero del mismo.Cross section of a tunnel in a section any terrain, executed in the form of a half point with leg of elephant in the support zone, representing only and by symmetry conditions, the left side of the work. On key of the main tunnel (2), the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) is located, in order to assume part of the tensional and deformational state of land located on it to the zero level of it.
Figura 2Figure 2
Sección Transversal-Longitudinal del mismo túnel mostrado en la Figura 1, en la que puede apreciarse como el Túnel de Sacrificio (1) se mantiene paralelo al túnel principal (2), a una distancia definida sobre la clave de este último.Cross-Longitudinal Section of the same tunnel shown in Figure 1, in which it can be seen as the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) remains parallel to the tunnel main (2), at a defined distance over the key of this latest.
El Túnel de Sacrificio (1), situado en la vertical o en las cercanías de la clave del túnel o perforación principal, será de sección circular actuando de forma similar a un ánodo de sacrificio en la protección de los procesos corrosivos, siendo el encargado de asumir las tensiones y deformaciones debidas a la existencia de los distintos estratos de terreno o macizos rocosos situados sobre el túnel o perforación principal, deformándose bajo estas cargas y evitando, de esta forma, que se transmitan a la sección principal del túnel o perforación.The Sacrifice Tunnel (1), located in the vertical or in the vicinity of the tunnel or drilling key main, will be of circular section acting similar to a sacrificial anode in the protection of corrosive processes, being in charge of assuming the tensions and deformations due to the existence of the different strata of land or massifs Rockies located above the tunnel or main perforation, deforming under these charges and avoiding, in this way, that transmit to the main section of the tunnel or drilling.
Para ello, y dependiendo de las características mecánicas y resistentes del terreno o macizo rocoso en el que se ejecutan las obras, el Túnel de Sacrificio (1) debe ser ejecutado con anterioridad al túnel o perforación principal y mediante procedimientos mecánicos adecuados durante la excavación, debiéndose considerar la mejor solución posible a su posterior revestimiento, en función del tipo de terreno o macizo rocoso objeto de los trabajos de excavación.To do this, and depending on the characteristics mechanical and resistant terrain or rocky massif in which execute the works, the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) must be executed before the tunnel or main drilling and by adequate mechanical procedures during excavation, due to consider the best possible solution to its subsequent coating, depending on the type of terrain or rocky mass object of excavation work
Los modelos numéricos realizados sobre distintos tipos de terreno y materiales rocosos, muestran que el diámetro del Túnel de Sacrificio (1) debe tener un valor de entre el 10 y el 20% de la altura del túnel principal (2) (o en el caso de perforaciones, del diámetro de la misma), pudiendo estar revestido de tubo de acero hueco, gunita u hormigón hueco, fibra de vidrio hueca o geomalla de baja rigidez transversal. En el caso de que el Túnel de Sacrificio (1) sea único, los resultados de los modelos numéricos llevados a cabo acotan que debe estar situado a una distancia de la clave del túnel principal (2) de entre el 30% y el 50% de la altura del túnel o perforación principal; de considerarse la necesidad de que sean varios, se distribuirán en un plano horizontal de forma simétrica respecto de un plano vertical que contenga a la directriz del túnel principal (2) y a la clave del mismo.The numerical models made on different types of terrain and rocky materials, show that the diameter of the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) must have a value of between 10 and 20% of the height of the main tunnel (2) (or in the case of perforations, of the diameter of the same), being able to be covered with steel tube hollow, gunite or hollow concrete, hollow fiberglass or geogrid of Low cross stiffness. In the event that the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) be unique, the results of the numerical models brought to out they should be located at a distance from the key of the main tunnel (2) between 30% and 50% of the tunnel height o main perforation; to consider the need for them to be several, will be distributed in a horizontal plane symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane containing the tunnel guideline main (2) and the key to it.
La presente invención se ilustra adicionalmente mediante los siguientes dos ejemplos, los cuales no pretenden ser limitativos de su alcance:The present invention is further illustrated. through the following two examples, which are not intended to be Limitations of its scope:
Ejemplo 1Example one
El túnel principal de 6 m de altura (con sección
de medio punto y pata de elefante en los laterales inferiores) y
revestimiento de gunita, se encuentra situado en un terreno de baja
capacidad portante, el Túnel de Sacrificio es un tubo hueco circular
de hormigón con elevada rigidez transversal (EI=2,25.104
KN\cdotm^{2}/m), situado en la vertical de la clave del túnel
principal, a 2,50 metros sobre la clave y con un radio 0,25
metros.The 6 m high main tunnel (with half-point section and elephant leg on the lower sides) and gunite lining, is located on a low bearing capacity, the Sacrifice Tunnel is a circular hollow concrete tube with high transverse stiffness (EI = 2.25.104 KN \ cdotm2 / m), located in the vertical of the key of the main tunnel, at 2.50 meters above the key and with a radius 0.25
meters
Ejemplo 2Example 2
En un terreno con elevada capacidad de deformación, el túnel principal es de 6 metros de altura (con sección de medio punto y pata de elefante en los laterales inferiores) y revestimiento de gunita. El Túnel de Sacrificio sería de sección circular de tubo hueco de acero con rigidez transversal baja (EI=1000 KN\cdotm^{2}/m), situado en la vertical de la clave del túnel principal, a 2 metros sobre la clave y con un radio 0,35 metros.In a land with high capacity of deformation, the main tunnel is 6 meters high (with half point section and elephant leg on the sides lower) and gunite coating. The Sacrifice Tunnel would be of circular section of hollow steel tube with cross stiffness low (EI = 1000 KN \ cdotm2 / m), located in the vertical of the key of the main tunnel, 2 meters above the key and with a radius 0.35 meters.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200902300A ES2361702B2 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2009-12-09 | PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF TUNNELS OR PERFORATIONS IN CIVIL WORK THROUGH SACRIFICE TUNNELS. |
| PCT/ES2010/000499 WO2011070188A1 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Method for making tunnels or perforations in civil engineering works using sacrificial tunnels |
| ES10835511.6T ES2660009T3 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Method for the execution of tunnels or perforations in civil works through sacrificial tunnels |
| EP10835511.6A EP2511472B1 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Method for making tunnels or perforations in civil engineering works using sacrificial tunnels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200902300A ES2361702B2 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2009-12-09 | PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF TUNNELS OR PERFORATIONS IN CIVIL WORK THROUGH SACRIFICE TUNNELS. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2361702A1 ES2361702A1 (en) | 2011-06-21 |
| ES2361702B2 true ES2361702B2 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
Family
ID=44114497
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200902300A Active ES2361702B2 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2009-12-09 | PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF TUNNELS OR PERFORATIONS IN CIVIL WORK THROUGH SACRIFICE TUNNELS. |
| ES10835511.6T Active ES2660009T3 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Method for the execution of tunnels or perforations in civil works through sacrificial tunnels |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES10835511.6T Active ES2660009T3 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Method for the execution of tunnels or perforations in civil works through sacrificial tunnels |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2511472B1 (en) |
| ES (2) | ES2361702B2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011070188A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL6500378A (en) * | 1964-01-18 | 1965-07-19 | ||
| DE2320366A1 (en) * | 1973-04-21 | 1974-11-07 | Beton & Monierbau Ag | PROCESS FOR SECURING THE OUTBREAK AND LIMITING MOUNTAIN DEFORMATIONS IN THE MOUNTAIN MANNICAL PRODUCTION OF TUBE-SHAPED CAVES |
| DE3501128C3 (en) * | 1985-01-15 | 1998-11-12 | Keller Grundbau Gmbh | Sealing for the execution of underground structures |
| JP2955893B2 (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 1999-10-04 | 大成建設株式会社 | Ground reinforcement method |
| JP2648051B2 (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1997-08-27 | 株式会社フジタ | Construction method of arch shell in tunnel precedent |
| JP2597298B2 (en) * | 1993-09-06 | 1997-04-02 | アイサワ工業株式会社 | Preceding method for the ground in front of the tunnel face |
| JPH09328999A (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-22 | Hazama Gumi Ltd | Excavation method for large-scale underground caverns |
| US6520718B1 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2003-02-18 | Shigeki Nagatomo, Et Al. | Sardine-bone construction method for large-section tunnel |
| JP2005200992A (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2005-07-28 | Ohbayashi Corp | Construction method for tunnel |
| FR2875015B1 (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2007-01-05 | Bouygues Travaux Publics Sa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE POSSIBLE MOVEMENTS OF A GROUND CONSECUTIVE TO THE CREATION OF AN EXCAVATION EXTENDED IN THE FIELD |
-
2009
- 2009-12-09 ES ES200902300A patent/ES2361702B2/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-12-09 WO PCT/ES2010/000499 patent/WO2011070188A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-12-09 EP EP10835511.6A patent/EP2511472B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-12-09 ES ES10835511.6T patent/ES2660009T3/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2011070188A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
| ES2660009T3 (en) | 2018-03-20 |
| ES2361702A1 (en) | 2011-06-21 |
| EP2511472A4 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
| EP2511472A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
| EP2511472B1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
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