ES2362896T3 - COMPLETE WOODEN WOOL WALL ELEMENT STABILIZED WITH CEMENT, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING IT AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD USING IT. - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for producing construction elements (7.1) with the help of wood wool, cement and water, comprising the following operations: a) providing molds (1.1) to mold said elements; b) take wood wool and wet it; c) mixing the wood wool with dry cement in a proportion, by weight, of 1: 1.88 to 1_1.92; d) pour the mixture into the mold (1.1); e) allow the mixture to set, characterized in that between operations b) and c), the method also includes the operation of stabilizing the water content of wood wool at 24-26%; and because in operation c), the stabilized wood wool is mixed with dry cement in a proportion, by weight, of 1: 1.88 to 1: 1.92.

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a production method for wall elements whose height ranges from floor to floor, whose elements are molded from a mixture of wood wool stabilized with cement, to a construction element according to the preamble of the claim 5 and a method for erecting buildings according to the preamble of claim 11. Said production method, said construction element and said method for erecting buildings are described in GB 750 127 A.

Background of the invention

Wood wool stabilized with cement only currently exists in the form of so-called wooden wool construction slabs. This material, which is manufactured from wood wool, cement and water, has existed in Europe since the 20s. The slabs are typically 500 or 600 mm wide and 2000 or 2400 mm long. The thickness varies between 20 and 150 mm. Wood wool construction slabs have been used mainly as a mortar carrier insulation for walls, for sound-absorbing ceilings and as self-supporting roofing insulation.

The material is characterized by a good thermal insulation capacity and a high thermal capacity. It has a large moisture storage capacity and, due to its open structure, can also absorb and release moisture quickly. Wood wool slabs for construction do not rot and have a high, documented resistance to moldiness. Wooden wool slabs for mortar construction have remained exposed to rain on facades for more than 50 years and, also, buried for 30 years without being affected. In addition, the material has a high fire resistance. Wood wool slabs for construction do not emit formaldehyde at all and only give off negligible amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC).

The present method of manufacturing wooden wool slabs for construction is limited to a maximum thickness of 150 mm and a maximum width of 600 mm. This prevents the manufacture of wall elements in one piece. Placing wooden wool slabs for construction together to obtain complete wall elements is, taking into account industrial engineering, a relatively expensive task.

Summary of the invention

The present invention relates to a method for producing construction elements with the help of wood wool, cement and water, comprising the following operations:

-dispose molds to mold the elements;

-to take wood wool and wet it;

- stabilize the water content of wood wool in 25%;

Mix the stabilized wood wool with dry cement in a weight ratio of 1: 1.88 to 1: 1.92;

-Pour the mixture into the mold;

-Let the mixture set.

It also refers to a construction element for walls, comprising wood wool bonded with cement, characterized in that the element, as a finished product, has a density of 200-300 kg / m3.

The present invention also relates to a method of building buildings, comprising the following operations:

- join a building element, as mentioned before, to the foundations with the help of mortar;

- joining said elements laterally by casting a concrete column in the vertical cavities formed by means of throats provided on the sides of the elements;

- Mold a concrete end piece in the throats of the upper side of the element, the end piece can be used to join cabrios.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows an example of a section of a steel mold (1.1) for casting a complete element of wood wool wall bonded with cement. On the sides of the mold there are triangular strips (1.2) arranged to create the V-shaped throat at the ends of the element, according to fig. 3.

Fig. 2 shows an example of molding a complete sectional wall element. Two lifting strips

(2.1) that are anchored to a roll-shaped wood (2.2) slip into the element. On the upper side of the mold there is a tin plate (2.3) arranged to create the rectangular throat, according to fig. Four.

Fig. 3 shows how the V-shaped throats (3.1) of the ends of the element form a rectangular cavity (3.2) intended to allow the casting of a concrete column in situ, which joins the elements with one another.

Fig. 4 shows the rectangular throat (4.1) of the upper side of the wall elements, as well as the way in which the wall elements are temporarily joined together by U-shaped tin plates (4.2)

Fig. 5 shows, in perspective, an example of a complete wall element finished with trimmed window recesses, as well as how the wall elements are applied to the foundations.

Fig. 6 shows a perforated panel guide rail (6.1) attached to the concrete slab.

Fig. 7 shows an example of how a wooden wool element (7.1) is glued to the foundations using a cement-based mortar (7.2).

Fig. 8 shows a union of wooden wool elements using concrete columns cast in position (8.1). A spike made of armor iron is anchored in the foundations, within the joint (8.2) between the elements.

Fig. 9 shows how the end piece is molded (9.1) on the upper side of the element, as well as how it is reinforced with reinforcing steel (9.2).

Fig. 10 shows an example of fixing devices (10.1) for windows and doors.

Fig. 11 shows an example of how to secure a cabrio in the end piece by means of angle fittings (11.1) that are attached to both an annular beam and the cabrio. The underside of the cabrio is protected by a moisture barrier (11.2).

Fig. 12 shows boxes (12.1) and pipes for electricity that have been rubbed in the masonry and then repaired with mortar (12.2) before the application of the surface layer.

Fig. 13 shows a section of a wall of wooden wool elements whose surface has been treated using reinforced exterior mortar (13.1) and interior (13.2), as well as wind-sealing mortar sludge in the coronation of the wall (13.3 ).

Fig. 14 shows a U-shaped beam (14.1) that is applied between two wall elements. The upper edge of the elements is provided with notches (14.2) to place the beam.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments

The invention relates, on the one hand, to a production method for manufacturing exterior wall elements of wood wool stabilized with cement, that is, complete wall elements and, on the other hand, a construction system for assembling these elements. in order to form outer support walls. The thickness of the elements is selected based on the desired thermal insulation and support capacity. The technique is mainly directed to walls that are not subject to heavy vertical loads, for example, exterior walls of small buildings.

Method of production

Wood wool elements are made by molding a mass of wood wool (a mixture of wood wool, cement and water) in steel molds. The manufacture of the wood wool mass is carried out in such a way that the wood wool mass, which is manufactured with spruce wood in a special plane, is moistened and then mixed with cement. In this respect, the mixing ratios between cement and wet wood wool are significant for the elasticity of the dough in the molding: if too much cement is used, the mass of wood wool and cement does not turn out to be elastic enough, thus increasing its density. If, on the other hand, too little cement is used, the resistance could be low. The mixture of the wood wool mass, as well as the filling of the molds, differs from the manufacture of the wood wool slabs for construction, which have a maximum thickness of 150 mm. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, complete wall elements are produced using a weight ratio, between wet wood wool and dry cement, of 1: 1.9 (for the usual slabs of construction wood wool , the proportions of the mixture are 1: 2.0). The 1: 1.90 ratio of the mixture has been tested to manage a casting height of 400 mm without crushing and without being too compact, and the density can be varied from 200 kg / m3 to 300 kg / m3. Tests have shown that a mixing ratio of 1: 1.88 can cause problems in the surface strength of the material. With proportions of 1: 1.92 of the mixture, some densities turn out to be too high and crushing occurs. Tests have also shown that problems may arise with the lowest mixing ratios when all wood wool has to be covered with cement. It is important that all wood wool is covered with cement because the cement provides resistance to fire and microbial growth in the finished product. According to an embodiment of the invention, the molds are 6 m long, 2.4 m high and 400 mm deep (internal measurements); however the measurements can be adapted to the desired size of the wall elements. Next to the upper end of the molds there is an adjustable tin plate, with a cross section of 100  160 mm, in order to create a throat at the upper edge of the elements. Similarly, triangular cross-section profiles are arranged at both ends of the mold to create V-shaped throats on the sides of the elements. Lifting strips are cast on each side of the element to allow handling after setting and during assembly. In order to achieve the desired density, the mass of wood wool is weighed continuously during the filling of the molds. Subsequently, the wood wool mass extends evenly over the surface of the laid mold in order to achieve a uniform density. When the entire mass of wood wool has been distributed, the molds are filled with a slight excess. The dough is compacted by stacking the molds one on top of the other, the lower face of the upper mold forming a cover for the mold underneath. On the mold above, a mold lid and, on it, concrete weights are placed, until a total weight of approximately 1000 kg / m2 is achieved. It is possible to carry out the demoulding after 24 hours. Subsequently, the elements are lifted and dried. Normally, the window recesses, if any, are cut after the elements have been set, but these can be molded with window recesses. The doors and sections with large windows are arranged between two wall elements. The upper edge of the wall elements is provided with a notch for the application of U-shaped beams according to fig. 14. On both sides of the gaps for windows and doors, mounting plates are arranged to support the fixing. In these mounting plates the windows and doors can be joined using fasteners for the frames. The complete wall elements can be delivered to the construction site as soon as they have set until sufficient strength is achieved and they have dried to the desired density. The elements prepared for delivery have a density of 200 - 300 kg / m3 (the exact density can vary between different constructions, depending mainly on the desired thermal insulation).

Construction system

For small houses, the walls of wooden wool elements are manufactured so that the prefabricated elements are placed directly on the foundation, usually on an edge beam. The elements are attached to the foundations by placing them on a mortar cord inside the wall. When the elements are placed next to each other, a vertical cavity is formed, using the V-shaped throats, see fig. 3, which has a square cross section, 70 mm side. The elements are temporarily held in place by pressure and mutually stabilized at the upper edge using U-shaped tin plates. The elements are joined together laterally by molding concrete columns in the vertical cavities. Apart from joining the elements together, the concrete columns have the mission of providing the wall with a sufficient capacity to support vertical loads in the case of low density elements and elements with a thickness of up to 150 mm. Subsequently, a concrete beam (as an end piece / annular beam) with a height of 160 mm and a width of 100 mm is molded into the throat of the upper side of the elements. This beam is reinforced together with the concrete columns. The end piece can also be made as a higher beam, if necessary, to distribute loads over large window sections. The winches are anchored in the end piece with the help of angled irons, alternatively molded in the end piece or joined by screws. The windows and doors are mounted using standard plugs and screws for the frames, on mounting plates according to fig. 10.

For the treatment of interior surfaces, mortar or plaster wall plates are used. The mortar is preferably assembled using welded armor mesh of galvanized steel wire, alternatively stainless steel. The reinforcement reinforcement is placed in the outer mortar layer. On the joints of the elements, a mesh of reinforcement is also placed in the thick filling. In this way, a double armor is produced on the joints of the elements. In case they use plasterboard plates, they stick to the wall with plaster mortar. The joints between the plates fill by placing a strip of plaster mortar between the elements of wood wool and the plasterboard throughout the joint.

On the outside, the treatment of the surfaces consists of the application of mortar, which is assembled in the same way as the mortar for the interior or any other type of material for facades. The crowning of the wall and the gaps for the windows are sealed against the wind using grout. If a non-watertight facade material is used, such as wooden panels or brick for facades, the exterior of the brickwork must be sealed by applying grout.

The electrical conductors are inserted in the masonry by means of rubbing (as, for example, in lightweight concrete walls). The fixing of small loads to the wall, for example, of frames, is done in the mortar layer (alternatively, the plasterboard) using plastic dowels, metal expansion anchors or rubber expansion anchors. If heavier loads have to be fixed, typically kitchen utensils or shelves for books hung on the wall, sheet metal profiles placed in throats / slits made in the wall are used. Alternatively, screw plugs or injected mortar can be used.

Other details of the construction system are evident from the following description of the figures, as well as from the patent claims.

In another embodiment of the invention, the production method according to the present invention, the molds according to fig. 1 are used to mold complete wall elements of cement-bound wood wool, according to fig. 2. The elements are molded with throats on the side of the elements, according to fig. 3, to allow lateral union of the elements. The elements are manufactured with a throat at the upper edge, according to fig. 4, to allow the molding of an annular beam / end pieces. The openings for the windows are cut in the finished elements, see fig. 5.

In the construction system according to the present invention, the wooden wool elements are placed in the foundations, according to fig. 6, towards a guide rail made of perforated sheet metal, according to fig. 7, in a mortar cord. The elements are joined, according to fig. 8, by means of cast concrete columns in the joints between the elements. In the upper part of the wall a concrete auction piece is molded, according to fig. 9, so that it is reinforced together with the concrete columns. The windows and doors are joined together with the help of screws for frames in mounting rails of tin plate according to fig. 10. The winches are mounted on the end piece, according to fig. eleven.

The electrical conductors are inserted in the masonry, according to fig. 12. Mortar is applied inside and outside, according to fig. 13. The mortar must be reinforced with welded reinforcement mesh of galvanized steel wire, alternatively stainless steel.

Example

In yet another embodiment, a method of producing complete construction elements for walls, comprises the operations of:

-provide wood wool; a wood wool having the following characteristics is preferred:

spruce wood strips, each with an approximate thickness of 0.3 mm, a width of 2.5

mm and a length of 300 mm;

-subber the wood wool to a water bath, soaking the wood wool;

-Set to wet wood wool to rolling between rubber rollers, thus making the

Wood wool adopt a uniform water content. The preferred water content is 24-26%

and, more preferably, 25% (by weight), when mixed with dry cement;

-weigh the wood wool before and after the water bath;

- put a measured amount of wood wool from rubber rollers in a container

to mix it with dry cement. The amount of wood wool can be measured, for example,

using load measurement cells (Siemens, Germany);

-add dry cement to the mixing bowl. The amount of dry cement is preferably 1.88-1.92 times the amount of wood wool with a uniform water content, measured as a proportion by weight. Preferably, a kind of dispensing device, for example, from Thomal, is used to achieve a suitable cement dose. Cement is preferably Portland standard. A proportion between wood wool and cement of 1: 1.90 or in the range of

1: 1,895 to 1: 1,905 has proven to provide good properties to finished elements;

-

Mix During the tests, a Van Elten device (Holland) was used. He

mixing was continued for about 40-60 seconds;

5

-

pour the mixture into the molds. Production can be carried out at temperatures above

zero degrees. The tests were carried out indoors, in a ship.

Claims (13)

1. A method of producing construction elements (7.1) with the help of wood wool, cement and water, which includes the following operations: a) arrange molds (1.1) to mold said elements; b) take wood wool and wet it; c) mixing the wood wool with dry cement in a proportion, by weight, of 1: 1.88 to 1_1.92; d) pour the mixture into the mold (1.1); e) let the mixture set, characterized in that between operations b) and c), the method further comprises the operation of stabilizing the water content of wood wool at 24-26%; and because in operation c), the stabilized wood wool is mixed with dry cement in a proportion, by weight, of 1: 1.88 to 1: 1.92.

2.

The method of claim 1, further comprising the operations of: filling the mold (1.1) when laid; fill in mold (1.1) with a certain excess; place several molds (1.1) one on top of the other; arrange a cover above the mold (1.1) located above; and place concrete weights on top of said deck until reaching approximately 1000 kg / m3.

3.

The method of claim 1, wherein said weight ratio of wood and cement wool is between 1: 1,895 and 1: 1,905.

Four.

The method of claim 3, wherein said weight ratio of wood wool and cement is 1: 1.90.

5.

 A construction element (7.1) for walls, comprising wood wool bonded with cement, whose element (7.1) is produced from a homogeneous mixture of wood wool, water and cement, characterized in that said element (7.1), As a finished product, it has a density of 200-300 kg / m3.

6.

 The construction element (7.1) according to claim 5, characterized in that a V-shaped throat (3.1) is provided on the side of said element (7.1), such that when two of said elements (7.1) are placed next to each other, between both elements (7.1) a vertical cavity is formed (3.2)

7.

The construction element (7.1) according to claim 6, characterized in that a rectangular throat (4.1) is provided in the upper part of the element, which can be used as a support for a concrete beam.

8.

 The construction element (7.1) according to claim 7, characterized in that said element

(7.1) has a thickness of 150-400 mm. 9. The construction element (7.1) according to claim 8, characterized in that said element (7.1) has a height or width of approximately 2.4  6.0 m.

10.

The construction element (7.1) according to claim 9, characterized in that one or more openings for windows or doors have been arranged in said element (7.1), and because on either side of said openings one or more are arranged fixing devices (10.1).

eleven.

 A method of erecting buildings, which includes the following operations: join a building element (7.1) to the foundations with the help of mortar (7.2); joining said elements (7.1) laterally by casting a concrete column (8.1) into the vertical cavities

(3.2) formed by means of the throats (3.1) provided on the sides of the elements (7.1); molding a concrete end piece (9.1) into the throats (4.1) of the upper side of the element, said end piece (9.1) can be used for the connection of goats, characterized in that said element (7.1) is a construction element according to the claims 5-10.

12.

 The method of claim 11, further comprising the operation of sealing said element (7.1) with mortar (13.1, 13.2).

13.

 The method of claim 12, further comprising the operation of providing double layers of reinforcing mesh in the surface mortar (13.1, 13.2) on the joint between two elements.