ES2363871T3 - COMPOSITION CONTAINING JAVA CITRONELA OIL AND ITS USE FOR DEFENSE AGAINST INSECTS. - Google Patents
COMPOSITION CONTAINING JAVA CITRONELA OIL AND ITS USE FOR DEFENSE AGAINST INSECTS. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2363871T3 ES2363871T3 ES03725038T ES03725038T ES2363871T3 ES 2363871 T3 ES2363871 T3 ES 2363871T3 ES 03725038 T ES03725038 T ES 03725038T ES 03725038 T ES03725038 T ES 03725038T ES 2363871 T3 ES2363871 T3 ES 2363871T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- oil
- acid
- water
- citric acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007803 itching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000171 lavandula angustifolia l. flower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018219 lavender Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamide Chemical group NS(N)(=O)=O NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La presente invención se refiere a un agente para la defensa contra insectos (repelente) contra insectos que vuelan, que pican, que muerden y que succionan, así como animales invertebrados molestos del género Acarina (ácaros y garrapatas). The present invention relates to an agent for the defense against insects (repellent) against flying, itching, biting and sucking insects, as well as annoying invertebrate animals of the genus Acarina (mites and ticks).
Los repelentes son sustancias químicas que actúan de manera que alejan insectos y Acarina. Es de gran importancia práctica su uso en la higiene humana y veterinaria, protegiendo a personas y animales de una plaga de parásitos que succionan la sangre, que pican, que muerden y por tanto no sólo molestos, sino también potencialmente transmisores de enfermedades (malaria, encefalitis por garrapatas, borreliosis de Lyme, y muchas más). En el caso de repelentes que se aplican directamente sobre la piel es necesario que sean tolerables por la piel, no tóxicos, resistentes al sudor y a la luz y desde el punto de vista cosmético, de manera correcta no perjudiciales para la piel en su exterior (sequedad, formación de arrugas) y farmacológicamente saludables (irritaciones, penetración en capas de la piel más profundas y en la circulación sanguínea y linfática).Además, la protección de las partes de la piel tratadas, o la protección de las personas y animales mediante objetos del entorno tratados debe durar el mayor tiempo posible y la amplitud del efecto de los repelentes debe ser lo más grande posible, es decir deben actuar contra la mayor cantidad posible de parásitos y animales molestos distintos. Repellents are chemicals that act in ways that keep insects and Acarina away. Its use in human and veterinary hygiene is of great practical importance, protecting people and animals from a pest of parasites that suck blood, that itch, bite and therefore not only annoying, but also potentially disease transmitters (malaria, Tick encephalitis, Lyme borreliosis, and many more). In the case of repellents that are applied directly to the skin it is necessary that they are tolerable by the skin, non-toxic, resistant to sweat and light and from the cosmetic point of view, correctly not harmful to the skin on the outside ( dryness, wrinkle formation) and pharmacologically healthy (irritations, penetration into deeper skin layers and blood and lymphatic circulation) .In addition, the protection of treated skin parts, or the protection of people and animals by Environmentally treated objects should last as long as possible and the extent of the repellent effect should be as large as possible, that is, they should act against as many parasites and annoying animals as possible.
En el pasado y en medida reducida hasta hoy en día se utilizaron y utilizan como repelentes aceites esenciales, tales como aceite de citronela y de hierba de limón, así como aceite de clavo, de lavanda y de eucalipto, así como alcanfor, pero todos ellos presentan graves desventajas, que son por ejemplo: In the past and to a limited extent until today, essential oils, such as citronella and lemongrass oil, as well as clove, lavender and eucalyptus oil, as well as camphor, were used and used as repellents, but all of them they have serious disadvantages, which are for example:
- componentes preocupantes, tales como por ejemplo eugenol en el aceite de clavo, que en experimentos se encontró que era carcinógeno, mutagénico e irritante de la piel, o cineol en el aceite de Eucalyptus globulus, que sobre la piel puede provocar exantemas que pican intensamente, - worrying components, such as for example eugenol in clove oil, which in experiments were found to be carcinogenic, mutagenic and irritating to the skin, or cineol in the oil of Eucalyptus globulus, which on the skin can cause intensely itchy rashes ,
- sólo eficacia de corta duración, ya que todos los aceites esenciales se evaporan rápidamente mediante la temperatura corporal de la superficie de la piel y con ello son necesarios frecuentes tratamientos posteriores, para garantizar la protección, - only short-term efficacy, since all essential oils evaporate rapidly by means of the body temperature of the skin surface and with this, frequent subsequent treatments are necessary, to ensure protection,
- falta total de resistencia a la luz y con ello el riesgo permanente de fitosensibilización y alteraciones del producto ya antes de la aplicación. - total lack of resistance to light and with it the permanent risk of phytosensitization and alterations of the product already before application.
Por tanto, en el pasado reciente se sustituyeron principalmente por los denominados repelentes sintéticos. Repelentes sintéticos usados en el estado de la técnica son por ejemplo éster dimetílico del ácido ftálico, 1,2etilhexano-1,3-diol, éster n-butílico del ácido 3,4-dihidro-2,2-dimetil-4-oxo-2H-piran-6-carboxílico, éster dipropílico del ácido succínico, N,N-dietil-3-metilbenzamida (DEET, también N,N-dietil-m-toluamida) y éster di-n-propílico del ácido piridin-2,5-dicarboxílico (Ullmanns Encyclopädie der techn. Chemie, 4ª edición, volumen 13, pág. 237 y siguientes, 1977). En los últimos tiempos se utiliza en mayor medida piperidincarboxilato de hidroxietilbutilo [éster 2-(2hidroxietil)-1-metilpropílico del ácido 1-piperidincarboxílico]. Sin embargo, con frecuencia estos repelentes sintéticos no son resistentes al sudor, irritan la mucosa e igualmente pueden penetrar a través de la capa superior de la piel y con ello acumularse en el organismo, no estando completamente estudiados los efectos secundarios que resultan de ello, pero se tiene la sospecha fundada de efectos perjudiciales. Therefore, in the recent past they were mainly replaced by so-called synthetic repellents. Synthetic repellents used in the prior art are, for example, phthalic acid dimethyl ester, 1,2-ethylhexane-1,3-diol, 3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo- n-butyl ester 2H-pyran-6-carboxylic acid, dipropyl ester of succinic acid, N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET, also N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and di-n-propyl ester of pyridin-2 acid, 5-dicarboxylic (Ullmanns Encyclopädie der techn. Chemie, 4th edition, volume 13, p. 237 et seq., 1977). In recent times, hydroxyethylbutyl piperidinecarboxylate [2- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-methylpropyl ester of 1-piperidinecarboxylic acid] is used to a greater extent. However, often these synthetic repellents are not sweat resistant, irritate the mucosa and can also penetrate through the upper layer of the skin and thereby accumulate in the body, not being fully studied the side effects that result from it, but there is a suspicion based on harmful effects.
Por consiguiente, la presente invención se basa en el objetivo de proporcionar un agente de defensa contra insectos eficaz para la aplicación directamente sobre la piel, y/o la ropa y/u otros objetos y materiales (ropa de cama, toldos, manteles, etc.) que rodean al usuario que quiere protegerse frente a picaduras y mordeduras molestas, perjudiciales Accordingly, the present invention is based on the objective of providing an effective insect defense agent for application directly to the skin, and / or clothing and / or other objects and materials (bedding, awnings, tablecloths, etc. .) that surround the user who wants to protect themselves against annoying, harmful bites and bites
o que transmiten enfermedades de insectos y acáridos (en particular garrapatas) basándose en materias primas naturales e idénticas a las naturales con el menor riesgo toxicológico, que además durante un intervalo de tiempo lo más largo posible revele una elevada eficacia. or that transmit diseases of insects and accharides (in particular ticks) based on natural and identical raw materials with the lowest toxicological risk, which also for a period of time as long as possible reveals a high efficacy.
Este objetivo se soluciona según la invención mediante un agente de defensa contra insectos según la reivindicación This objective is solved according to the invention by an insect defense agent according to claim.
1. Las configuraciones preferidas se indican en las reivindicaciones dependientes. La eficacia de la composición según la invención se basa en una composición de sustancias que desde hace mucho tiempo se conocen como agentes de defensa contra insectos, pero debido a su eficacia de corta duración y por tanto con frecuencia insuficiente, ya no se usan o se usan poco. 1. Preferred configurations are indicated in the dependent claims. The efficacy of the composition according to the invention is based on a composition of substances that have long been known as defense agents against insects, but due to their short-term efficacy and therefore insufficient frequency, they are no longer used or used. They use little.
A continuación se describen los componentes individuales utilizados según la invención de la composición. The individual components used according to the invention of the composition are described below.
El aceite de citronela usado según la invención (también denominado aceite de sorgo) es un producto natural, que de manera habitual se obtiene mediante destilación por arrastre de vapor de productos brutos adecuados. Este producto natural comprende como componente principal citronelal, geraniol, borneol y citronelol, junto con otros derivados terpénicos. Según la invención, es sin embargo eficaz según lo requerido sólo un aceite de citronela natural, que es el aceite de citronela de Java de Cymbopogon Winterianus Jowitt. Esta planta, de la que se obtiene el aceite esencial eficaz según la invención, existe en Bali así como en algunas islas vecinas. El producto puede obtenerse por ejemplo comercialmente de la empresa Düllberg-Konzentra (Hamburgo). De manera sorprendente, por el contrario, por ejemplo el aceite de citronela de Indonesia de Cymbopogon nardus no es eficaz. Citronella oil used according to the invention (also called sorghum oil) is a natural product, which is usually obtained by steam distillation of suitable raw products. This natural product comprises as the main component citronelal, geraniol, borneol and citronellol, together with other terpenic derivatives. According to the invention, only a natural citronella oil, which is Java citronella oil from Cymbopogon Winterianus Jowitt, is effective as required. This plant, from which the effective essential oil according to the invention is obtained, exists in Bali as well as in some neighboring islands. The product can be obtained for example commercially from the company Düllberg-Konzentra (Hamburg). Surprisingly, on the contrary, for example, Cymbopogon nardus Indonesian citronella oil is not effective.
El triglicérido vegetal usado según la invención puede ser cualquier triglicérido vegetal. Sin embargo, se prefiere el triglicérido vegetal aceite de coco y/o aceite de soja, que pueden usarse individualmente o en mezclas. A este respecto los dos aceites preferidos son iguales en su eficacia en la composición según la invención. Además de aceite de coco o aceite de soja naturales pueden utilizarse según la invención también mezclas idénticas a las The vegetable triglyceride used according to the invention can be any vegetable triglyceride. However, vegetable triglyceride coconut oil and / or soybean oil, which can be used individually or in mixtures, is preferred. In this regard the two preferred oils are equal in their effectiveness in the composition according to the invention. In addition to natural coconut oil or soybean oil, mixtures identical to those of the invention can also be used according to the invention.
5 naturales de triglicéridos obtenidos de manera sintética o natural, que en su mezcla corresponden entonces a los productos naturales. 5 natural triglycerides obtained synthetically or naturally, which in their mixture then correspond to natural products.
El aceite de coco es un aceite de consistencia mantecosa, de blanco a amarillo claro, con un punto de fusión de 20 a 23ºC. El aceite de coco puede obtenerse mediante prensado y extracción de las semillas del cocotero. A este respecto el aceite de coco es una mezcla de distintos triglicéridos, cuya composición exacta varía en función del Coconut oil is an oil of buttery consistency, from white to light yellow, with a melting point of 20 to 23 ° C. Coconut oil can be obtained by pressing and extracting coconut seeds. In this respect, coconut oil is a mixture of different triglycerides, whose exact composition varies depending on the
10 lugar de origen y de las condiciones de crecimiento de los productos brutos. A continuación se expone una composición típica: 10 place of origin and growth conditions of raw products. A typical composition follows:
- Ácido graso Fatty acid
- Porcentaje (% en peso) Percentage (% by weight)
- Ácido hexanoico Hexanoic acid
- 0,2-1,0 0.2-1.0
- Ácido octanoico Octanoic acid
- 5,4-8,0 5.4-8.0
- Ácido decanoico Decanoic acid
- 6,5-8,5 6.5-8.5
- Ácido láurico Lauric acid
- 45,0-51,0 45.0-51.0
- Ácido mirístico Myristic acid
- 16,5-18,5 16.5-18.5
- Ácido palmítico Palmitic acid
- 9,0-10,5 9.0-10.5
- Ácido esteárico Stearic acid
- 2,0-2,3 2.0-2.3
- Ácido behénico Behenic Acid
- 0,2-0,4 0.2-0.4
- Ácido oleico Oleic acid
- 8,0-10,0 8.0-10.0
- Ácido linoleico Linoleic acid
- 0,7-1,0 0.7-1.0
El aceite de soja utilizado según la invención es un producto natural, que existe principalmente en forma de un aceite semiseco y graso, de amarillo a amarillo pardo, que se obtiene mediante prensado y/o extracción con hidrocarburos The soybean oil used according to the invention is a natural product, which exists mainly in the form of a semi-dry and fatty oil, from yellow to brown yellow, which is obtained by pressing and / or extraction with hydrocarbons
15 de habas de soja o grano triturado de soja. El aceite de soja es también una mezcla de distintos triglicéridos, cuya composición puede variar a su vez en función de los productos de partida. A continuación se expone una composición típica, que sin embargo sólo tiene en cuenta los componentes principales. 15 soybeans or crushed soybeans. Soybean oil is also a mixture of different triglycerides, whose composition can vary in turn depending on the starting products. Below is a typical composition, which however only takes into account the main components.
- Ácido graso (índice de carbono: número de dobles enlaces) Fatty acid (carbon index: number of double bonds)
- Porcentaje (% en peso (valor más frecuente)) Percentage (% by weight (most frequent value))
- C16:0C16: 0
- 7,0-14 (10) 7.0-14 (10)
- C18:0C18: 0
- 1,4-4,5 (4,0) 1.4-4.5 (4.0)
- C18:1C18: 1
- 19-30 (21) 19-30 (21)
- C18:2C18: 2
- 44-62 (56) 44-62 (56)
- C18:3C18: 3
- 4-11 (8) 4-11 (8)
Además de los ácidos grasos mencionados anteriormente, el aceite de soja comprende cantidades reducidas de ácidos grasos con 14 o menos átomos de carbono (inferiores al 0,6% en peso), un porcentaje reducido de ácidos In addition to the fatty acids mentioned above, soybean oil comprises reduced amounts of fatty acids with 14 or less carbon atoms (less than 0.6% by weight), a reduced percentage of acids
20 grasos C16 con un doble enlace (inferior al 0,5% en peso), así como cantidades reducidas de ácidos grasos con 20 ó 22 átomos de carbono y cero o un doble enlace (en cada caso inferiores al 1,0% en peso). 20 C16 fatty acids with a double bond (less than 0.5% by weight), as well as reduced amounts of fatty acids with 20 or 22 carbon atoms and zero or a double bond (in each case less than 1.0% by weight ).
Los ácidos orgánicos utilizados según la invención pueden ser cualquier ácido obtenido de manera natural u obtenido de manera sintética. Se prefieren ácidos orgánicos según la invención, seleccionados del grupo ácido cítrico, ácido benzoico, ácido láctico, ácido sórbico, ácido málico, ácido tartárico, ácido glucónico, ácido fumárico y The organic acids used according to the invention can be any acid obtained naturally or synthetically obtained. Organic acids according to the invention, selected from the group citric acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid, sorbic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, fumaric acid and
25 ácido succínico, prefiriéndose en particular por motivos toxicológicos y dermatológicos ácido cítrico, ácido benzoico, ácido láctico, ácido sórbico, ácido málico y ácido tartárico, entre los que a su vez se prefieren ácido cítrico, ácido málico y ácido láctico. 25 succinic acid, with particular preference for toxicological and dermatological reasons citric acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid, sorbic acid, malic acid and tartaric acid, among which citric acid, malic acid and lactic acid are in turn preferred.
Además de los componentes esenciales mencionados anteriormente, la composición de la presente invención puede presentar todavía otros excipientes, que se añaden en función del tipo seleccionado de composición. Sin embargo, componentes adicionales preferidos son hidrogenocarbonato de sodio (preferiblemente en una cantidad de desde el 0,5 hasta el 2,0% en peso, en particular del 0,8 al 1,2% en peso) así como productos de aceite de ricino (en particular aceite de ricino hidrogenado con polietilenglicol (40)) (preferiblemente en una cantidad de desde el 1,5 hasta el 4,0% en peso, en particular preferiblemente del 2,0 al 2,5% en peso). A este respecto el hidrogenocarbonato de sodio sirve para ajustar el valor de pH a un intervalo habitual en la cosmética de desde 5,5 hasta 6. Por el contrario, el derivado de aceite de ricino es un emulsionante muy eficaz, que está autorizado desde el punto de vista de la legislación de alimentos y cosmético-farmacéutico. Mediante la distribución eficaz en forma de gotas, que puede conseguirse mediante la utilización de estos emulsionantes, se mejora la estabilidad en emulsión de la composición según la invención, cuando se encuentra en forma de emulsión, lo que al mismo tiempo garantiza la distribución uniforme de los componentes activos, de modo que por ejemplo en un envasado en una botella se garantiza que cada cantidad parcial tomada del relleno total presente la misma composición. In addition to the essential components mentioned above, the composition of the present invention may still have other excipients, which are added depending on the selected type of composition. However, additional preferred components are sodium hydrogen carbonate (preferably in an amount of from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight, in particular from 0.8 to 1.2% by weight) as well as oil products of castor (in particular castor oil hydrogenated with polyethylene glycol (40)) (preferably in an amount of from 1.5 to 4.0% by weight, in particular preferably from 2.0 to 2.5% by weight). In this regard, sodium hydrogen carbonate serves to adjust the pH value at a usual range in cosmetics from 5.5 to 6. On the contrary, the castor oil derivative is a very effective emulsifier, which is authorized from the point of view of food and cosmetic-pharmaceutical legislation. By the effective distribution in the form of drops, which can be achieved by using these emulsifiers, the emulsion stability of the composition according to the invention is improved, when it is in the form of an emulsion, which at the same time guarantees the uniform distribution of the active components, so that for example in a bottle package it is guaranteed that each partial quantity taken from the total filler has the same composition.
Además, la presente invención proporciona el uso de la composición según la invención para la defensa contra insectos. Todas las formas de realización caracterizadas como preferibles de la composición según la invención están comprendidas también en este caso para el uso según la invención. Furthermore, the present invention provides the use of the composition according to the invention for defense against insects. All embodiments characterized as preferable of the composition according to the invention are also included in this case for use according to the invention.
Tal como muestran las series de pruebas expuestas más adelante, (véase la sección de ejemplos), estas sustancias en forma pura, o también en mezclas que no entran en las composiciones según la invención y también con la adición de otras sustancias que se han utilizado en el contexto de estas investigaciones, no tienen un espectro de eficacia suficiente. As the series of tests shown below (see the examples section) show, these substances in pure form, or also in mixtures that do not enter into the compositions according to the invention and also with the addition of other substances that have been used In the context of these investigations, they do not have a sufficient efficacy spectrum.
Por tanto, es sorprendente que la composición según la invención, tal como revelan los exámenes, (también con la adición de otros excipientes que en sí no presentan ningún efecto de defensa contra insectos), presente eficacias que no sólo superan claramente a las sustancias naturales mencionadas anteriormente, sino también a principios activos repelentes sintéticos. Therefore, it is surprising that the composition according to the invention, as the tests reveal, (also with the addition of other excipients that do not have any defense effect against insects), present efficiencies that not only clearly exceed natural substances mentioned above, but also synthetic repellent active ingredients.
Los componentes individuales de la composición según la invención están contenidos en las cantidades indicadas en la reivindicación 1. Intervalos de cantidades preferidos para el aceite esencial de citronela de Java son del 7,5 al 30% en peso y más preferiblemente del 10 al 20% en peso. El triglicérido vegetal está contenido preferiblemente en una cantidad de desde el 4,5 hasta el 15% en peso, más preferiblemente en una cantidad de desde el 4,5 hasta el 10,5% en peso. El ácido orgánico utilizado según la invención se encuentra preferiblemente en una cantidad de desde el 0,5 hasta el 4,5% en peso, más preferiblemente desde el 1 hasta el 2% en peso. The individual components of the composition according to the invention are contained in the amounts indicated in claim 1. Intervals of preferred amounts for Java citronella essential oil are 7.5 to 30% by weight and more preferably 10 to 20% in weigh. The vegetable triglyceride is preferably contained in an amount of from 4.5 to 15% by weight, more preferably in an amount of from 4.5 to 10.5% by weight. The organic acid used according to the invention is preferably in an amount of from 0.5 to 4.5% by weight, more preferably from 1 to 2% by weight.
El disolvente utilizado según la invención o el vehículo utilizado según la invención es preferiblemente agua o una disolución acuosa de un disolvente orgánico. Según la invención se prefiere agua como disolvente. The solvent used according to the invention or the vehicle used according to the invention is preferably water or an aqueous solution of an organic solvent. According to the invention, water is preferred as solvent.
El vehículo que va a utilizarse según la invención puede ser un soporte sólido conocido, que no tenga ningún efecto desventajoso sobre la composición según la invención. Como posibles vehículos pueden mencionarse óxidos inorgánicos y otros vehículos sólidos conocidos en el campo farmacéutico. The vehicle to be used according to the invention can be a known solid support, which has no disadvantageous effect on the composition according to the invention. As possible vehicles there may be mentioned inorganic oxides and other solid vehicles known in the pharmaceutical field.
Las composiciones preferidas según la invención contienen: Preferred compositions according to the invention contain:
del 4,5 al 50% en peso de aceite de citronela 4.5 to 50% by weight citronella oil
del 3 al 30% en peso de aceite de coco y/o aceite de haba de soja, 3 to 30% by weight of coconut oil and / or soy bean oil,
del 10 al 92,4% en peso de agua y from 10 to 92.4% by weight of water and
del 0,1 al 10% en peso de ácido cítrico 0.1 to 10% by weight of citric acid
Preferiblemente, una composición según la invención contiene: Preferably, a composition according to the invention contains:
del 7,5 al 30% en peso de aceite de citronela 7.5 to 30% by weight of citronella oil
del 4,5 al 15% en peso de aceite de coco/de soja 4.5 to 15% by weight of coconut / soybean oil
del 50 al 87% en peso de agua y 50 to 87% by weight of water and
del 0,5 al 4,5% en peso de ácido cítrico 0.5 to 4.5% by weight of citric acid
De manera especialmente preferible una composición según la invención contiene: Especially preferably a composition according to the invention contains:
del 10 al 20% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java 10 to 20% by weight of Java citronella oil
del 4,5 al 10,5% en peso de aceite de coco/de soja 4.5 to 10.5% by weight of coconut / soybean oil
del 68 al 84% en peso de agua y 68 to 84% by weight of water and
del 1 al 2% en peso de ácido cítrico Además, la presente invención proporciona un procedimiento para la preparación de la composición según la invención. A este respecto tiene lugar, para alcanzar un producto estable, adecuado para la aplicación, la preparación de manera conveniente según el siguiente procedimiento: 1 to 2% by weight of citric acid In addition, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of the composition according to the invention. In this regard, preparation takes place in a convenient manner, suitable for the application, according to the following procedure:
a) en un recipiente que puede cerrarse de manera hermética se coloca el triglicérido vegetal, preferiblemente aceite de coco y/o de soja y se funde con agitación a 80ºC a) in a tightly sealed container, place the vegetable triglyceride, preferably coconut and / or soybean oil and melt with stirring at 80 ° C
b) se disuelve el ácido orgánico en agua fría y se lleva a la masa fundida de grasa con agitación, entonces b) the organic acid is dissolved in cold water and brought to the fat melt with stirring, then
c) se introduce el aceite de citronela con agitación y se agita durante más de 5 horas a 80ºC hasta alcanzar una emulsión estable, y c) the citronella oil is introduced with stirring and stirred for more than 5 hours at 80 ° C until a stable emulsion is reached, and
d) se enfría con agitación hasta 25ºC. d) cooled with stirring to 25 ° C.
La preparación es posible con todos los aparatos de producción y preparación comunes en la cosmética y farmacia sin más. Preparation is possible with all common production and preparation devices in cosmetics and pharmacy without further ado.
La preparación puede formarse usando los modos de proceder habituales, que el experto conoce, de modo que la composición según la invención se encuentra en forma de una emulsión, dispersión, loción, crema, gel o disolución. Las preferencias de las formas individuales se deducen de las respectivas aplicaciones. The preparation can be formed using the usual procedures, which the expert knows, so that the composition according to the invention is in the form of an emulsion, dispersion, lotion, cream, gel or solution. The preferences of the individual forms are deduced from the respective applications.
Para la preparación de estas formas pueden utilizarse todos los procedimientos de preparación habituales en general. For the preparation of these forms all the usual preparation procedures in general can be used.
Igualmente pueden utilizarse a este respecto las materias primas y aditivos habituales. The usual raw materials and additives can also be used in this regard.
Comprenden los disolventes, aceleradores de la disolución, solubilizantes, emulsionantes, agentes mojantes, antiespumantes, agentes formadores de sales, tampones, gelificantes, agentes formadores de película, espesantes, aglutinantes, lubricantes, agentes de esparcimiento, antiaglutinantes, agentes reguladores de la fluidez, humectantes y desecantes, reguladores de pH ácidos y alcalinos, tal como ácidos orgánicos y ácidos de frutas o hidróxidos de metales alcalinotérreos, aminas y amidas, agentes de relleno y agentes auxiliares, tales como antioxidantes, conservantes, correctores del aroma y colorantes, usados habitualmente para preparaciones químico-técnicas, cosméticas y farmacéuticas. They include solvents, dissolution accelerators, solubilizers, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoamers, salt-forming agents, buffers, gelling agents, film-forming agents, thickeners, binders, lubricants, spreading agents, anti-caking agents, flow regulating agents, humectants and desiccants, acidic and alkaline pH regulators, such as organic acids and fruit acids or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, amines and amides, fillers and auxiliary agents, such as antioxidants, preservatives, aroma correctors and dyes, commonly used for chemical-technical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.
El término “emulsión” comprende en este contexto todos los sistemas dispersos de dos o más líquidos no miscibles entre sí, pudiendo encontrarse los componentes de emulsión a temperatura ambiente también como sustancias sólidas o ceras amorfas y cristalinas. Estas emulsiones pueden ser macro o microemulsiones. Normalmente, se usan en emulsiones de agua en aceite y/o de aceite en agua. Para reducir la tensión interfacial (tensión que ha de usarse para emulsionar) se usan emulsionantes. The term "emulsion" comprises in this context all the dispersed systems of two or more liquids not miscible with each other, the emulsion components being able to be found at room temperature also as solid substances or amorphous and crystalline waxes. These emulsions can be macro or microemulsions. Normally, they are used in emulsions of water in oil and / or oil in water. To reduce interfacial tension (tension to be used to emulsify) emulsifiers are used.
Los emulsionantes son normalmente sustancias tensioactivas, habitualmente con grupos terminales hidrófilos. Ejemplos típicos de los mismos comprenden: Emulsifiers are usually surfactants, usually with hydrophilic end groups. Typical examples thereof include:
emulsionantes aniónicos, que son emulsionantes con grupos terminales carboxilato, sulfonato, sulfato, fosfato, polifosfato, lactato, citrato, tartrato, glucosa o poliglucosa anionic emulsifiers, which are emulsifiers with carboxylate, sulphonate, sulfate, phosphate, polyphosphate, lactate, citrate, tartrate, glucose or polyglucose terminal groups
emulsionantes catiónicos, que son emulsionantes con grupos terminales de sal de amina o de amonio cuaternario cationic emulsifiers, which are emulsifiers with terminal groups of amine salt or quaternary ammonium
emulsionantes anfóteros y zwitteriónicos, que son emulsionantes con grupos terminales de betaína o zwitteriónicos, así como amphoteric and zwitterionic emulsifiers, which are emulsifiers with terminal betaine or zwitterionic groups, as well as
emulsionantes no iónicos, que son emulsionantes con restos alcohol, poliéter, glicerina, sorbitol, pentaeritritol, sacarosa, ácido acético y/o ácido láctico en el grupo terminal. non-ionic emulsifiers, which are emulsifiers with alcohol, polyether, glycerin, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, sucrose, acetic acid and / or lactic acid residues in the terminal group.
Todos los emulsionantes incluyen además grupos terminales lipófilos, tales como restos alquilo o alquenilo, en cada caso de cadena lineal, ramificados o cíclicos, así como restos arilo y alcarilo. All emulsifiers also include lipophilic terminal groups, such as alkyl or alkenyl moieties, in each case straight, branched or cyclic chains, as well as aryl and alkaryl moieties.
Además pueden estar contenidos grupos laterales hidrófilos tales como grupos hidroxilo, éster, sulfamida, amida, amina, poliamida-poliamina, éter, poliéter, glicerina, sorbitol, pentaeritritol o sacarosa. In addition, hydrophilic side groups such as hydroxyl, ester, sulfamide, amide, amine, polyamide-polyamine, ether, polyether, glycerin, sorbitol, pentaerythritol or sucrose groups may be contained.
El término “geles” comprende con respecto a la presente invención sistemas que mantienen la forma, fácilmente deformables, ricos en líquidos, de al menos dos componentes. Habitualmente estos dos componentes son: a) un líquido y b) una sustancia sólida distribuida de manera coloidal, tal como gelatina, sílice, montmorillonita, bentonita, polisacáridos, poliacrilatos, pectinas y muchos más. El líquido a) puede ser en el presente caso la composición según la invención. The term "gels" comprises with respect to the present invention systems that maintain the easily deformable, liquid-rich form of at least two components. Usually these two components are: a) a liquid and b) a solid substance distributed in a colloidal manner, such as gelatin, silica, montmorillonite, bentonite, polysaccharides, polyacrylates, pectins and many more. The liquid a) may in the present case be the composition according to the invention.
Los presentes ejemplos ilustran la presente invención. Para ello se prepararon las siguientes composiciones: The present examples illustrate the present invention. For this, the following compositions were prepared:
1.) Todos los ejemplos citados con la denominación global PC (1 a 16) representan sustancias individuales y sus mezclas que no entran dentro de las composiciones según la invención, aunque elaborándose las mezclas según el modo de preparación descrito como según la invención. Estas muestras comparativas muestran claramente en las series de prueba siguientes, que sólo las composiciones según la invención son de hecho eficaces: 1.) All the examples cited under the global designation PC (1 to 16) represent individual substances and their mixtures that do not fall within the compositions according to the invention, although the mixtures are prepared according to the method of preparation described as according to the invention. These comparative samples clearly show in the following test series that only the compositions according to the invention are in fact effective:
PC 1 = 100,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java de Cymbopogon Winterianus Jowitt PC 1 = 100.00% by weight of Java citronella oil from Cymbopogon Winterianus Jowitt
PC 2 = 100,00% en peso de aceite de coco, purificado e hidrogenado, calidad alimentaria PC 2 = 100.00% by weight of coconut oil, purified and hydrogenated, food grade
PC 3 = 100,00% en peso de aceite de haba de soja, calidad alimentaria PC 3 = 100.00% by weight of soy bean oil, food grade
PC 4 = 100,00% en peso de ácido cítrico, disolución al 60% en agua PC 4 = 100.00% by weight of citric acid, 60% solution in water
PC 5 = 51,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 49,00% en peso de aceite de coco PC 5 = 51.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 49.00% by weight of coconut oil
PC 6 = 51,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 49,00% en peso de aceite de soja PC 6 = 51.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 49.00% by weight of soybean oil
PC 7= 51,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 31,00% en peso de aceite de coco + 18,00% en peso de agua PC 7 = 51.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 31.00% by weight of coconut oil + 18.00% by weight of water
PC 8 = 51,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 31,00% en peso de aceite de soja + 18,00% en peso de agua PC 8 = 51.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 31.00% by weight of soybean oil + 18.00% by weight of water
PC 9= 4,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 31,00% en peso de aceite de coco + 64,50% en peso de disolución al 60% de ácido cítrico en agua (36,00% de ácido cítrico + 24,00% de agua) PC 9 = 4.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 31.00% by weight of coconut oil + 64.50% by weight of 60% solution of citric acid in water (36.00% of acid citrus + 24.00% water)
PC10 = 4,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 31,00% en peso de aceite de coco + 64,50% en peso de disolución al 0,10% de ácido cítrico en agua (0,065% de ácido cítrico PC10 = 4.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 31.00% by weight of coconut oil + 64.50% by weight of 0.10% solution of citric acid in water (0.065% citric acid
+ 64,935% de agua) + 64.935% water)
PC11 = 51,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 2,00% en peso de aceite de soja + 47,00% en peso de disolución al 40% de ácido cítrico en agua (18,80% de ácido cítrico + 28,20% de agua) PC11 = 51.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 2.00% by weight of soybean oil + 47.00% by weight of 40% solution of citric acid in water (18.80% of citric acid + 28.20% water)
PC12 = 51,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 2,00% en peso de aceite de soja + 47,00% en peso de disolución al 0,15% de ácido cítrico en agua (0,094% de ácido cítrico PC12 = 51.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 2.00% by weight of soybean oil + 47.00% by weight of 0.15% solution of citric acid in water (0.094% citric acid
+ 46,906% de agua) + 46,906% water)
PC13= 51,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 2,50% en peso de aceite de coco + 2,50% en peso de hidrogenocarbonato de sodio + 10,50% en peso de ácido cítrico + 33,50% en peso de agua PC13 = 51.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 2.50% by weight of coconut oil + 2.50% by weight of sodium hydrogen carbonate + 10.50% by weight of citric acid + 33.50 % by weight of water
PC14 = 4,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 15,50% en peso de aceite de coco + 15,50% en peso de aceite de soja + 2,50% en peso de hidrogenocarbonato de sodio + 0,09% en peso de ácido cítrico + 62,41% en peso de agua PC14 = 4.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 15.50% by weight of coconut oil + 15.50% by weight of soybean oil + 2.50% by weight of sodium hydrogen carbonate + 0, 09% by weight of citric acid + 62.41% by weight of water
PC15 = 51,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 1,25% en peso de aceite de coco + 1,25% en peso de aceite de soja + 2,50% en peso de hidrogenocarbonato de sodio + 10,50% en peso de ácido cítrico + 4,50% en peso de aceite de ricino hidrogenado PEG-40 (USP) + 28,50% en peso de agua PC15 = 51.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 1.25% by weight of coconut oil + 1.25% by weight of soybean oil + 2.50% by weight of sodium hydrogen carbonate + 10, 50% by weight of citric acid + 4.50% by weight of hydrogenated castor oil PEG-40 (USP) + 28.50% by weight of water
PC16 = 4,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 15,50% en peso de aceite de coco + 15,50% en peso de aceite de soja + 2,50% en peso de hidrogenocarbonato de sodio + 0,09% en peso de ácido cítrico + 4,50% en peso de aceite de ricino hidrogenado PEG-40 (USP) + 57,41% en peso de agua PC16 = 4.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 15.50% by weight of coconut oil + 15.50% by weight of soybean oil + 2.50% by weight of sodium hydrogen carbonate + 0, 09% by weight of citric acid + 4.50% by weight of hydrogenated castor oil PEG-40 (USP) + 57.41% by weight of water
2.) El producto ANTI BRUMM sometido a prueba bajo la denominación REF es un producto comercial conocido como uno de los productos más eficaces del mercado. Contiene como principio activo un 30,00% en peso de DEET (dietiltoluamida) y muestra en sus resultados una eficacia de similar a claramente peor en comparación con las composiciones según la invención. 2.) The ANTI BRUMM product tested under the name REF is a commercial product known as one of the most effective products on the market. It contains as active ingredient 30.00% by weight of DEET (diethyltoluamide) and shows in its results an efficacy similar to clearly worse compared to the compositions according to the invention.
3.) Todos los ejemplos citados con la denominación global WS representan composiciones según la invención: 3.) All examples cited under the global name WS represent compositions according to the invention:
WS 1 = 4,50% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 3,50% en peso de aceite de coco + 0,10% en peso de ácido cítrico + 91,90% en peso de agua WS 1 = 4.50% by weight of Java citronella oil + 3.50% by weight of coconut oil + 0.10% by weight of citric acid + 91.90% by weight of water
WS 2 = 4,50% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 3,50% en peso de aceite de soja + 0,10% en peso de ácido cítrico + 91,90% en peso de agua WS 2 = 4.50% by weight of Java citronella oil + 3.50% by weight of soybean oil + 0.10% by weight of citric acid + 91.90% by weight of water
WS 3 = 4,50% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 30,00% en peso de aceite de coco + 0,10% en peso de ácido cítrico + 65,40% en peso de agua WS 3 = 4.50% by weight of Java citronella oil + 30.00% by weight of coconut oil + 0.10% by weight of citric acid + 65.40% by weight of water
WS 4 = 4,50% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 30,00% en peso de aceite de soja + 0,10% en peso de ácido cítrico + 65,40% en peso de agua WS 4 = 4.50% by weight of Java citronella oil + 30.00% by weight of soybean oil + 0.10% by weight of citric acid + 65.40% by weight of water
WS 5 = 50,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 3,00% en peso de aceite de coco + 10,00% en peso de ácido cítrico + 37,00% en peso de agua WS 5 = 50.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 3.00% by weight of coconut oil + 10.00% by weight of citric acid + 37.00% by weight of water
WS 6 = 50,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 3,00% en peso de aceite de soja + 10,00% en peso de ácido cítrico + 37,00% en peso de agua WS 6 = 50.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 3.00% by weight of soybean oil + 10.00% by weight of citric acid + 37.00% by weight of water
WS 7 = 50,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 30,00% en peso de aceite de coco + 10,00% en peso de ácido cítrico + 10,00% en peso de agua WS 7 = 50.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 30.00% by weight of coconut oil + 10.00% by weight of citric acid + 10.00% by weight of water
WS 8 = 50,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 30,00% en peso de aceite de soja + 10,00% en peso de ácido cítrico + 10,00% en peso de agua WS 8 = 50.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 30.00% by weight of soybean oil + 10.00% by weight of citric acid + 10.00% by weight of water
WS 9 = 7,50% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 4,50% en peso de aceite de coco + 0,50% en peso de ácido cítrico + 87,00% en peso de agua WS 9 = 7.50% by weight of Java citronella oil + 4.50% by weight of coconut oil + 0.50% by weight of citric acid + 87.00% by weight of water
WS 10 = 7,50% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 14,50% en peso de aceite de coco + 4,50% en peso de ácido cítrico + 72,50% en peso de agua WS 10 = 7.50% by weight of Java citronella oil + 14.50% by weight of coconut oil + 4.50% by weight of citric acid + 72.50% by weight of water
WS 11 = 30,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 4,50% en peso de aceite de soja + 4,50% en peso de ácido cítrico + 60,00% en peso de agua WS 11 = 30.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 4.50% by weight of soybean oil + 4.50% by weight of citric acid + 60.00% by weight of water
WS 12 = 30,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 14,50% en peso de aceite de soja + 4,50% en peso de ácido cítrico + 50,00% en peso de agua WS 12 = 30.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 14.50% by weight of soybean oil + 4.50% by weight of citric acid + 50.00% by weight of water
WS 13 = 10,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 4,50% en peso de aceite de coco + 1,00% en peso de ácido cítrico + 84,00% en peso de agua WS 13 = 10.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 4.50% by weight of coconut oil + 1.00% by weight of citric acid + 84.00% by weight of water
WS 14 = 10,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 10,00% en peso de aceite de coco + 2,00% en peso de ácido cítrico + 68,00% en peso de agua WS 14 = 10.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 10.00% by weight of coconut oil + 2.00% by weight of citric acid + 68.00% by weight of water
WS 15 = 20,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 4,50% en peso de aceite de soja + 1,00% en peso de ácido cítrico + 84,00% en peso de agua WS 15 = 20.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 4.50% by weight of soybean oil + 1.00% by weight of citric acid + 84.00% by weight of water
WS 16 = 20,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 10,00% en peso de aceite de soja + 2,00% en peso de ácido cítrico + 68,00% en peso de agua WS 16 = 20.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 10.00% by weight of soybean oil + 2.00% by weight of citric acid + 68.00% by weight of water
WS 17 = 12,50% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 10,00% en peso de aceite de coco + 1,25% en peso de ácido cítrico + 0,90% en peso de hidrogenocarbonato de sodio + 75,35% en peso de agua WS 17 = 12.50% by weight of Java citronella oil + 10.00% by weight of coconut oil + 1.25% by weight of citric acid + 0.90% by weight of sodium hydrogen carbonate + 75, 35% by weight of water
WS 18 = 12,50% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 10,00% en peso de aceite de soja + 1,25% en peso de ácido cítrico + 0,90% en peso de hidrogenocarbonato de sodio + 2,50% en peso de aceite de ricino hidrogenado PEG-40 (USP) + 72,85% en peso de agua WS 18 = 12.50% by weight of Java citronella oil + 10.00% by weight of soybean oil + 1.25% by weight of citric acid + 0.90% by weight of sodium hydrogen carbonate + 2, 50% by weight of hydrogenated castor oil PEG-40 (USP) + 72.85% by weight of water
WS 19 = 10,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 7,50% en peso de aceite de coco + 1,00% en peso de ácido cítrico + 0,70% en peso de hidrogenocarbonato de sodio + 2,00% en peso de aceite de ricino hidrogenado PEG-40 (USP) + 78,80% en peso de agua WS 19 = 10.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 7.50% by weight of coconut oil + 1.00% by weight of citric acid + 0.70% by weight of sodium hydrogen carbonate + 2, 00% by weight of hydrogenated castor oil PEG-40 (USP) + 78.80% by weight of water
WS 20 = 15,00% en peso de aceite de citronela de Java + 10,00% en peso de aceite de soja + 1,50% en peso de ácido cítrico + 1,00% en peso de hidrogenocarbonato de sodio + 3,00% en peso de aceite de ricino hidrogenado PEG-40 (USP) + 69,50% en peso de agua WS 20 = 15.00% by weight of Java citronella oil + 10.00% by weight of soybean oil + 1.50% by weight of citric acid + 1.00% by weight of sodium hydrogen carbonate + 3, 00% by weight of hydrogenated castor oil PEG-40 (USP) + 69.50% by weight of water
Series de prueba para determinar el efecto repelente sobre culícidos: Test series to determine the repellent effect on culicides:
1. Disposición de ensayo: 1. Test provision:
Todas las pruebas se realizaron según la norma de ensayo probada del Instituto Tropical Suizo con metodología normalizada para conseguir resultados comparables y reproducibles. Para ello se usaron como animales de prueba exclusivamente ejemplares criados en laboratorio, hembra, adultos, por tanto en edad procreadora y por consiguiente necesitados de sangre de la especie Aedes aegypti (mosquitos de la fiebre amarilla) y en el caso de los productos reconocidos en este caso como eficaces ejemplares adecuados de la especie Anopheles gambiae (mosquitos de la malaria), dado que estas dos especies también representan a nivel mundial debido a la transmisión de la malaria y la fiebre amarilla el mayor potencial de riesgo para la salud para el ser humano. All tests were performed according to the test standard of the Swiss Tropical Institute with standardized methodology to achieve comparable and reproducible results. For this purpose, only laboratory-bred specimens, female, adults, were used as test animals, therefore in procreative age and therefore in need of blood of the species Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquitoes) and in the case of products recognized in This case, as effective suitable specimens of the species Anopheles gambiae (malaria mosquitoes), since these two species also represent worldwide due to the transmission of malaria and yellow fever the greatest potential for health risk to the being human.
En una jaula de reproducción con las dimensiones 40 x 40 x 40 cm se introducen 400 mosquitos, a los que se les retiró el día anterior el alimento, agua con azúcar, lo que según la experiencia aumenta su potencial de agresión. Esto corresponde a una densidad de población muy alta, tal como apenas se produce en alguna ocasión en plena naturaleza y posibilita por tanto una diferenciación precisa del efecto de las sustancias individuales sometidas a prueba en comparación entre sí. In a breeding cage with the dimensions 40 x 40 x 40 cm 400 mosquitoes are introduced, to which the food, water with sugar, was removed the previous day, which according to experience increases its potential for aggression. This corresponds to a very high population density, as it hardly occurs on any occasion in the middle of nature and thus allows a precise differentiation of the effect of the individual substances tested in comparison to each other.
Como voluntarios sirvieron estudiantes de biología y zoología, que se ofrecieron voluntariamente como sujetos de ensayo y que debido a sus conocimientos también podían realizar y valorar las series de ensayo con exactitud científica. Volunteers served as students of biology and zoology, who volunteered as test subjects and who, because of their knowledge, could also perform and assess the test series with scientific accuracy.
Para cada día de ensayo se trató cada uno de los dos antebrazos del respectivo sujeto de ensayo en una superficie de aproximadamente 250 cm3 con los productos de prueba correspondientes de manera que se cubría toda la superficie y se marcaba sobre la cobertura del brazo. Se distribuyó uniformemente una cantidad de 2 ml de la sustancia de prueba correspondiente sobre la superficie de prueba. La superficie de antebrazo tratada se tapó, tanto hacia el brazo como hacia la base de la mano, con una cinta adhesiva resistente a la picadura de los mosquitos a través de un tubo flexible de plástico corto. La mano no tratada se cubrió con un guante grueso y servía así simultáneamente como control para la actividad de picadura de los mosquitos, dado que éstos en caso de deseo de picar se posaban sobre éste e intentaban picar a través del tejido en la piel subyacente. For each test day, each of the two forearms of the respective test subject on a surface of approximately 250 cm3 was treated with the corresponding test products so that the entire surface was covered and marked on the arm cover. A quantity of 2 ml of the corresponding test substance was uniformly distributed on the test surface. The treated forearm surface was covered, both towards the arm and towards the base of the hand, with an adhesive tape resistant to mosquito bites through a short flexible plastic tube. The untreated hand was covered with a thick glove and thus simultaneously served as a control for the activity of mosquito bites, since these in case of desire to bite perched on it and tried to bite through the tissue in the underlying skin.
Para cada prueba se mantuvieron la mano y el antebrazo preparado, tras un tiempo de espera de 1 hora tras la aplicación de la composición, en primer lugar el izquierdo y después el derecho cada hora durante en cada caso 10 minutos en la jaula y durante este tiempo se anotó el número de los culícidos que For each test, the hand and forearm were kept ready, after a waiting time of 1 hour after the application of the composition, first the left and then the right every hour for 10 minutes in each case in the cage and during this time the number of culicids was noted that
- (a)(to)
- intentaban picar a través del guante (control positivo), they tried to chop through the glove (positive control),
- (b)(b)
- volaban hacia la superficie tratada aproximándose más de 3 cm, pero se daban de nuevo la vuelta (efecto de alejamiento) they flew towards the treated surface approaching more than 3 cm, but they turned around again (zooming out effect)
- (c)(C)
- permanecían posados sobre la superficie tratada más de 2 segundos, pero no picaban y they remained perched on the treated surface for more than 2 seconds, but they did not sting and
- (d)(d)
- picaban en la piel tratada y succionaban sangre. they itched on the treated skin and sucked blood.
Se continuó con este procedimiento hasta que uno o varios mosquitos cumplía(n) el criterio d). This procedure was continued until one or more mosquitoes met criteria d).
Cada voluntario sólo realizaba un ensayo por día, para evitar el peligro de acumulación de producto y posibles reacciones cruzadas de los productos sobre piel limpiada de manera insuficiente. Each volunteer only conducted one test per day, to avoid the danger of product accumulation and possible cross-reactions of the products on insufficiently cleansed skin.
Los productos con un efecto muy malo y los productos con un efecto muy bueno se sometieron a prueba una vez más otro día por otro sujeto de ensayo a modo de control, para evitar posibles resultados erróneos debidos a erroresde aplicación sobre la piel, una eliminación por frotado por error y similares. Éste fue el caso en los ejemplos PC1, PC2, PC3 y PC4, que proporcionaron resultados inesperadamente malos y en los ejemplos WS17, WS18, WS19 y WS20 que presentaron un inesperado potencial de acción sorprendentemente alto. Products with a very bad effect and products with a very good effect were tested once again another day by another test subject as a control, to avoid possible erroneous results due to application errors on the skin, a removal by rubbed by mistake and the like. This was the case in examples PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4, which provided unexpectedly bad results and in examples WS17, WS18, WS19 and WS20 that presented an unexpectedly high potential for action.
La evaluación de todos los resultados del ensayo muestra claramente que las composiciones según la invención WS presentan una eficacia no sugerida, en comparación con las sustancias individuales y sus mezclas PC, similares en la composición, pero que en la combinación no entran dentro de las combinaciones de las composiciones según la invención, en la defensa contra mosquitos que succionan sangre, que ponen en peligro la salud, pero también en comparación con un producto reconocido del mercado REF muestran una eficacia superior. The evaluation of all test results clearly shows that the compositions according to the WS invention have an unsupported efficacy, in comparison with the individual substances and their PC mixtures, similar in the composition, but which in the combination do not fall within the combinations of the compositions according to the invention, in the defense against mosquitoes that suck blood, which endanger health, but also in comparison with a recognized product of the REF market show superior efficacy.
2. Resultados del ensayo: Los resultados se resumen en las tablas siguientes. 2. Test results: The results are summarized in the following tables.
Leyenda: Legend:
1 = Tiempo tras la aplicación del respectivo producto de prueba en horas 1 = Time after application of the respective test product in hours
2 = Duración de la exposición en el plazo de la duración de prueba de 10 minutos cada hora; en caso de picaduras interrupción e indicación de los minutos de la duración de exposición reducida por ello 2 = Duration of exposure within the duration of the test duration of 10 minutes every hour; in case of bites interruption and indication of the minutes of the exposure duration reduced by it
a = mosquitos que se posan sobre el guante a = mosquitoes perching on the glove
b = mosquitos que volaban hacia la superficie tratada acercándose a más de 3 cm y se daban de nuevo la vuelta, sin posarse y mosquitos que se posaban menos de 2 segundos sobre la superficie de prueba b = mosquitoes flying towards the treated surface approaching more than 3 cm and turning again, without perching and mosquitoes perching less than 2 seconds on the test surface
c = mosquitos que se posaban sobre la superficie tratada más de 2 segundos, pero que no picaban y por consiguiente, representan junto con los mosquitos del criterio b el factor de molestia c = mosquitoes that perched on the treated surface for more than 2 seconds, but that did not bite and therefore, together with the mosquitoes of criterion b represent the nuisance factor
d = número de los mosquitos que pican antes de la interrupción del ensayo d = number of mosquitoes that bite before trial interruption
# = no pudo hacerse constar el número debido al tiempo demasiado breve hasta que se produjeron picaduras # = the number could not be recorded due to the time too short until bites occurred
* = interrupción debido a picaduras * = interruption due to bites
- 1 one
- 2 a b c d a B c d a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d 2 to b C d to B C d to b C d to b C d to b C d to b C d to b C d to b C d
- Produ cto Produ cto
- PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7 PC8 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7 PC8
- 1 one
- 1 one
- # # 5 3 * # # 3 2 * # # 1 1 4 * # # 1 6 9 * # # 5 2 * # # 6 3 * # # 7 3 * # # 5 2 * # # 5 3 * # # 3 2 * # # eleven 4 * # # 1 6 9 * # # 5 2 * # # 6 3 * # # 7 3 * # # 5 2 *
- 1 one
- 2 a b c d a B c d a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d 2 to b C d to B C d to b C d to b C d to b C d to b C d to b C d to b C d
- Prod ucto Prod ucto
- PC9 PC10 PC11 PC12 PC13 PC14 PC15 PC16 PC9 PC10 PC11 PC12 PC13 PC14 PC15 PC16
- 1 one
- 1 one
- # # 1 2 4 * # # 1 0 4 * # # 6 2 * # # 7 3 * # # 4 1 * # # 8 3 * # # 5 2 * # # 1 2 4 * # # 1 2 4 * # # 1 0 4 * # # 6 2 * # # 7 3 * # # 4 one * # # 8 3 * # # 5 2 * # # 1 2 4 *
- 1 one
- 2 a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d 2 to b C d to b C d to b C d to b C d
- ProductoProduct
- PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4
- 1 one
- 1 one
- # # 8 4* # # 5 2* # # 6 2* # # 13 7* # # 8 4* # # 5 2* # # 6 2* # # 13 7 *
Producto de referencia: Reference Product:
- 1 one
- 2 a b c d 2 to b C d
- 1 one
- 10 130 4 0 0 10 130 4 0 0
- 2 2
- 10 150 32 2 0 10 150 32 2 0
- 3 3
- 10 150 45 9 0 10 150 Four. Five 9 0
- 4 4
- 6 180 30 8 2* 6 180 30 8 2*
- 1 one
- 2 a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d 2 to b C d to b C d to b C d to b C d
- ProductoProduct
- WS1 WS2 WS3 WS4 WS1 WS2 WS3 WS4
- 1 one
- 10 120 5 1 0 130 8 2 0 130 0 0 0 120 3 0 0 10 120 5 one 0 130 8 2 0 130 0 0 0 120 3 0 0
- 2 2
- 10 130 14 4 1 (8)* 130 16 6 2 (5)* 130 8 2 0 120 11 4 0 10 130 14 4 1 (8) * 130 16 6 2 (5) * 130 8 2 0 120 eleven 4 0
- 3 3
- 10 100 21 6 2 (6)* 110 23 7 3 (4)* 10 100 twenty-one 6 2 (6) * 110 2. 3 7 3. 4)*
- 1 one
- 2 a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d 2 to b C d to b C d to b C d to b C d
- ProductoProduct
- WS9 WS10 WS13 WS14 WS9 WS10 WS13 WS14
- 1 one
- 10 150 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 140 0 0 0 10 150 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 140 0 0 0
- 2 2
- 10 120 3 0 0 110 0 0 0 140 2 0 0 130 0 0 0 10 120 3 0 0 110 0 0 0 140 2 0 0 130 0 0 0
- 3 3
- 10 100 12 3 0 120 6 0 0 100 4 0 0 120 4 0 0 10 100 12 3 0 120 6 0 0 100 4 0 0 120 4 0 0
- 4 4
- 10 90 23 7 3 (3)* 110 12 3 1 (5)* 130 10 1 0 140 7 0 0 10 90 2. 3 7 3 (3) * 110 12 3 fifteen)* 130 10 one 0 140 7 0 0
- 5 5
- 10 80 18 5 3 (4)* 100 8 3 1 (9)* 10 80 18 5 3. 4)* 100 8 3 1 (9) *
- 1 one
- 2 a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d 2 to b C d to b C d to b C d to b C d
- ProductoProduct
- WS17 WS18 WS19 WS20 WS17 WS18 WS19 WS20
- 1 one
- 10 110 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 150 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 10 110 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 150 0 0 0 120 0 0 0
- 2 2
- 10 110 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 10 110 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 130 0 0 0
- 3 3
- 10 120 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 10 120 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 120 0 0 0
- 4 4
- 10 120 3 0 0 120 5 1 0 110 4 1 0 110 0 0 0 10 120 3 0 0 120 5 one 0 110 4 one 0 110 0 0 0
- 5 5
- 10 110 11 5 0 100 12 4 0 100 21 5 0 100 0 0 0 10 110 eleven 5 0 100 12 4 0 100 twenty-one 5 0 100 0 0 0
- 6 6
- 10 70 14 8 0 100 23 6 0 100 23 7 0 80 16 2 0 10 70 14 8 0 100 2. 3 6 0 100 2. 3 7 0 80 16 2 0
- 7 7
- 10 70 3 3 3 (2)* 90 3 3 3 (3)* 100 10 4 0 80 14 2 0 10 70 3 3 3 (2) * 90 3 3 3 (3) * 100 10 4 0 80 14 2 0
- 8 8
- 10 50 10 2 2 (2)* 80 35 15 3 (8)* 10 fifty 10 2 2 (2) * 80 35 fifteen 3 (8) *
Pruebas posteriores y de confirmación de WS17, WS18, WS19, WS20 en otros voluntarios y en otro momento en otros ejemplares de A. aegypti: Subsequent and confirmation tests of WS17, WS18, WS19, WS20 in other volunteers and at another time in other specimens of A. aegypti:
- 1 one
- 2 a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d 2 to b C d to b C d to b C d to b C d
- ProductoProduct
- WS17 WS18 WS19 WS20 WS17 WS18 WS19 WS20
- 1 one
- 10 130 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 90 0 0 0 90 0 0 0 10 130 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 90 0 0 0 90 0 0 0
- 2 2
- 10 130 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 10 130 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 120 0 0 0
- 3 3
- 10 130 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 10 130 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 110 0 0 0
- 4 4
- 10 100 5 1 0 110 8 2 0 120 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 10 100 5 one 0 110 8 2 0 120 0 0 0 120 0 0 0
- 5 5
- 10 100 9 3 0 110 15 6 0 120 17 3 0 120 0 0 0 10 100 9 3 0 110 fifteen 6 0 120 17 3 0 120 0 0 0
- 6 6
- 10 80 17 7 0 80 28 12 2 (10)* 80 25 10 0 100 11 0 0 10 80 17 7 0 80 28 12 2 (10) * 80 25 10 0 100 eleven 0 0
- 7 7
- 10 60 4 4 1 (1)* 70 25 15 3 (9)* 90 18 4 0 10 60 4 4 eleven)* 70 25 fifteen 3 (9) * 90 18 4 0
- 8 8
- 10 30 15 8 2 (4)* 10 30 fifteen 8 2 (4) *
Las pruebas posteriores también confirmaron la sorprendentemente buena eficacia de las composiciones según la invención WS17 a WS20 a pesar de su contenido relativamente bajo en principios activos. Subsequent tests also confirmed the surprisingly good efficacy of the compositions according to the invention WS17 to WS20 despite their relatively low content in active ingredients.
- 1 one
- 2 a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d 2 to b C d to b C d to b C d to b C d
- ProductoProduct
- WS11 WS12 WS15 WS16 WS11 WS12 WS15 WS16
- 1 one
- 10 70 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 140 0 0 0 10 70 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 140 0 0 0
- 2 2
- 10 100 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 10 100 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 130 0 0 0
- 3 3
- 10 110 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 10 110 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 130 0 0 0
- 4 4
- 10 120 2 0 0 120 3 2 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 10 120 2 0 0 120 3 2 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0
- 5 5
- 10 80 10 2 0 120 8 3 0 100 11 8 0 90 3 0 0 10 80 10 2 0 120 8 3 0 100 eleven 8 0 90 3 0 0
- 6 6
- 10 80 13 4 0 100 12 6 0 100 28 17 3 (3)* 90 10 3 0 10 80 13 4 0 100 12 6 0 100 28 17 3 (3) * 90 10 3 0
- 7 7
- 10 60 2 2 2 (2)* 40 2 2 2 (1)* 70 14 7 2 (6)* 10 60 2 2 2 (2) * 40 2 2 twenty-one)* 70 14 7 2 (6) *
- 1 one
- 2 a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d 2 to b C d to b C d to b C d to b C d
- ProductoProduct
- WS5 WS6 WS7 WS8 WS5 WS6 WS7 WS8
- 1 one
- 10 120 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 10 120 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 110 0 0 0
- 2 2
- 10 130 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 10 130 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 110 0 0 0
- 3 3
- 10 130 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 10 130 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 120 0 0 0
- 4 4
- 10 120 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 10 120 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 120 0 0 0
- 5 5
- 10 120 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 10 120 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 120 0 0 0
- 6 6
- 10 120 0 0 0 130 2 0 0 110 0 0 0 120 2 0 0 10 120 0 0 0 130 2 0 0 110 0 0 0 120 2 0 0
- 7 7
- 10 120 0 0 0 120 8 2 0 110 0 0 0 120 4 0 0 10 120 0 0 0 120 8 2 0 110 0 0 0 120 4 0 0
- 8 8
- 10 120 2 0 0 130 25 0 0 100 10 0 0 110 22 1 0 10 120 2 0 0 130 25 0 0 100 10 0 0 110 22 one 0
- 9 9
- 10 120 2 0 0 140 35 3 0 100 10 0 0 110 35 3 0 10 120 2 0 0 140 35 3 0 100 10 0 0 110 35 3 0
- 10 10
- 10 10
- 120 8 4 0 100 30 16 0 80 5 0 0 110 38 14 0 120 8 4 0 100 30 16 0 80 5 0 0 110 38 14 0
- 11 eleven
- 10 90 26 12 0 30 5 2 2 (2)* 80 7 1 0 20 12 8 3 (2)* 10 90 26 12 0 30 5 2 2 (2) * 80 7 one 0 twenty 12 8 3 (2) *
- 12 12
- 10 10 3 3 3 (1)* 40 7 4 2 (4)* 10 10 3 3 3 (1) * 40 7 4 2 (4) *
Resultados de la eficacia de composiciones según la invención en el efecto de alejamiento (repelencia) contra Anopheles gambiae: Results of the efficacy of compositions according to the invention in the effect of distancing (repellency) against Anopheles gambiae:
- 1 one
- 2 a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d 2 to b C d to b C d to b C d to b C d
- ProductoProduct
- WS5 WS12 WS17 WS20 WS5 WS12 WS17 WS20
- 1 one
- 10 70 0 0 0 60 0 0 0 90 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 10 70 0 0 0 60 0 0 0 90 0 0 0 40 0 0 0
- 2 2
- 10 90 0 0 0 60 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 10 90 0 0 0 60 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 40 0 0 0
- 3 3
- 10 100 0 0 0 80 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 10 100 0 0 0 80 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 100 0 0 0
- 4 4
- 10 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 80 0 0 0 10 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 80 0 0 0
- 5 5
- 10 110 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 70 0 0 0 10 110 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 70 0 0 0
- 6 6
- 10 120 0 0 0 100 8 0 0 90 0 0 0 100 2 0 0 10 120 0 0 0 100 8 0 0 90 0 0 0 100 2 0 0
- 7 7
- 10 110 0 0 0 90 17 0 0 90 4 0 0 100 4 0 0 10 110 0 0 0 90 17 0 0 90 4 0 0 100 4 0 0
- 8 8
- 10 110 0 0 0 900 12 3 0 90 12 0 0 100 4 0 0 10 110 0 0 0 900 12 3 0 90 12 0 0 100 4 0 0
- 9 9
- 10 90 0 0 0 100 17 3 0 80 15 4 0 90 10 0 0 10 90 0 0 0 100 17 3 0 80 fifteen 4 0 90 10 0 0
- 10 10
- 10 10
- 80 3 0 0 70 32 11 0 70 15 10 0 90 18 1 0 80 3 0 0 70 32 eleven 0 70 fifteen 10 0 90 18 one 0
- 11eleven
- 10 60 6 4 0 10 17 10 2 (1)* 50 40 9 1 (4)* 80 22 6 0 10 60 6 4 0 10 17 10 twenty-one)* fifty 40 9 1 (4) * 80 22 6 0
- 1212
- 10 60 24 18 4 (10)* 60 45 21 4 (7)* 10 60 24 18 4 (10) * 60 Four. Five twenty-one 4 (7) *
En total a doce cobayas hembra adultas se les afeitaron los costados derechos con una dimensión de aproximadamente 4x4 cm y se trataron la piel y las zonas con pelo circundantes a mano con en cada caso aproximadamente 2 ml del respectivo producto de prueba cubriendo toda la superficie. Después se puso cada hora a In total, twelve adult female guinea pigs had their right sides shaved with a dimension of approximately 4x4 cm and the surrounding skin and hair areas were treated by hand with in each case approximately 2 ml of the respective test product covering the entire surface. Then he set every hour to
10 cada cobaya en cada caso 1 garrapata criada en laboratorio, adulta, en ayunas durante dos semanas del género de la garrapata común (Ixodes ricinus) por medio de unas pinzas en el centro de la superficie afeitada, tratada, y se observó su comportamiento. Para ello las cobayas no estaban sedadas, como era habitual, para simular una situación lo más fiel a la naturaleza posible, sino que se alimentaron con lechuga y estuvieron bastante tranquilas, dado que están habituadas al entorno humano. 10 each guinea pig in each case 1 tick bred in the laboratory, adult, fasting for two weeks of the genus of the common tick (Ixodes ricinus) by means of tweezers in the center of the shaved, treated surface, and its behavior was observed. For this, the guinea pigs were not sedated, as usual, to simulate a situation as faithful to nature as possible, but instead fed with lettuce and were quite calm, given that they are accustomed to the human environment.
15 Inmediatamente llamó la atención que las garrapatas no comenzaron a moverse, tal como en la cobaya sin tratar que servía como animal de control (KT), para buscar un lugar favorable para la picadura (normalmente una arruga de flexión detrás de las patas traseras), sino que se movían durante algunos minutos sobre la superficie tratada en un círculo estrecho y entonces, con el menor movimiento de sus huéspedes caían al fondo de la jaula, aunque las garrapatas normalmente pueden sujetarse con sus garras de sujeción incluso en superficies lisas. Las garrapatas 15 Immediately it was noticed that ticks did not start to move, such as in the untreated guinea pig that served as a control animal (KT), to find a favorable place for the bite (usually a flexion wrinkle behind the hind legs) , but they moved for a few minutes on the treated surface in a narrow circle and then, with the slightest movement of their guests they fell to the bottom of the cage, although ticks can usually be held with their claws even on smooth surfaces. Ticks
20 que se habían caído se colocaron inmediatamente en frascos rotulados y se observaron durante 72 horas, comprobándose que todas estaban muertas. 20 that had been dropped were immediately placed in labeled jars and observed for 72 hours, checking that all were dead.
Lista de sujetos sometidos a ensayo y productos de ensayo: List of subjects tested and test products:
- --
- el control no tratado se denomina KT, the untreated control is called KT,
- --
- el animal de ensayo tratado con el producto de referencia ANTI BRUMM se denomina REF y the test animal treated with the reference product ANTI BRUMM is called REF and
25 - los animales de ensayo tratados con las composiciones según la invención se denominan WS3, WS7, WS9, WS12, WS14, WS16, WS17, WS18, WS19 y WS20. 25 - the test animals treated with the compositions according to the invention are called WS3, WS7, WS9, WS12, WS14, WS16, WS17, WS18, WS19 and WS20.
KT: cada una de las garrapatas colocadas cada hora individualmente en el plazo del tiempo de prueba durante 8 horas comenzó, tras una breve fase de orientación, inmediatamente a perforar y a succionar sangre, después de lo KT: each of the ticks placed every hour individually within the test time period for 8 hours began, after a brief orientation phase, immediately to pierce and suck blood, after
30 cual se quitó enseguida para no debilitar al animal control. 30 which was removed immediately so as not to weaken the control animal.
REF: las garrapatas de las 2 primeras horas se desprendieron tal como en el caso de los productos de la serie WS y murieron en el plazo de 72 horas. La garrapata de la 3ª hora comenzó a perforar, después de lo cual se interrumpió el ensayo y con ello el tiempo de protección ascendía a 2 horas. REF: the ticks of the first 2 hours detached as in the case of the WS series products and died within 72 hours. The tick of the 3rd hour began to drill, after which the test was interrupted and with that the protection time amounted to 2 hours.
Tiempos de protección de las composiciones según la invención contra garrapatas en cobayas: X = tiempo de protección Protection times of the compositions according to the invention against ticks in guinea pigs: X = protection time
Y = punto de tiempo de la primera perforación de una garrapata recién colocada Y = time point of the first perforation of a newly placed tick
- Producto Product
- WS3 WS7 WS9 WS12 WS14 WS16 WS17 WS18 WS19 WS20 WS3 WS7 WS9 WS12 WS14 WS16 WS17 WS18 WS19 WS20
- 1ª hora 1st hour
- 2ª hora 2nd hour
- 3ª hora 3rd hour
- x x
- 4ª hora 4th hour
- y x x Y x x
- 5ª hora 5th hour
- y y x x x Y Y x x x
- 6ª hora 6th hour
- x y y x y x Y Y x Y
- 7ª hora 7th hour
- x y y x x Y Y x
- 8ª hora 8th hour
- y y Y Y
Todas las garrapatas que se desprendieron sin intentar perforar murieron en el plazo de tiempo de observación de 72 horas. All the ticks that detached without attempting to drill died within the 72-hour observation timeframe.
Claims (4)
- 5 2. Composición según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el triglicérido vegetal es aceite de coco. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the vegetable triglyceride is coconut oil.
- 3. 3.
- Composición según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el triglicérido vegetal es aceite de haba de soja. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the vegetable triglyceride is soy bean oil.
- 4. Four.
- Composición según al menos una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizada porque la composición se encuentra en forma de una disolución acuosa. Composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the composition is in the form of an aqueous solution.
- 10 5. Composición según al menos una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, en forma de una emulsión, dispersión, loción, crema, disolución o de un gel. Composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, in the form of an emulsion, dispersion, lotion, cream, solution or a gel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10219109A DE10219109A1 (en) | 2002-04-29 | 2002-04-29 | Citronella Java oil-containing composition and its use for repelling insects |
| DE10219109 | 2002-04-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2363871T3 true ES2363871T3 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
Family
ID=29224875
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES03725038T Expired - Lifetime ES2363871T3 (en) | 2002-04-29 | 2003-04-15 | COMPOSITION CONTAINING JAVA CITRONELA OIL AND ITS USE FOR DEFENSE AGAINST INSECTS. |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7144591B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1499193B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1301650C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE511754T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2484178C (en) |
| CY (1) | CY1111566T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10219109A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1499193T3 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA006949B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2363871T3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04010697A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1499193E (en) |
| SI (1) | SI1499193T1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003092383A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0327864D0 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2004-01-07 | Marks David | Pesticidal composition |
| BRPI0809416A2 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2014-09-16 | Contech Entpr Inc | COMPOUND WITH DETENTOEA ACTIVITY AND ARTROPOD REPELLENT STEPASITE FEEDING OF BLOOD, COMPOSITION, AND METHOD FOR SYNTHESIZING A COMPOUND |
| CL2008001454A1 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2009-05-22 | Valent Biosciences Corp | Biocidal formulation consisting of citronella oil, at least one solvent selected from soybean oil, methyl oleate, ethyl lactate, and methyl soyate, and at least one emulsifier selected from ethoxylated soybean oil and polyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate. |
| US20090169655A1 (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2009-07-02 | Lori Ann Porter | Insect repellent formulation |
| US7947311B2 (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2011-05-24 | Lori Ann Porter | Insect repellent concentrate formulation |
| WO2009108120A1 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2009-09-03 | The Thailand Research Fund | Antiseptic teat dip microemulsion |
| US8993010B2 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2015-03-31 | Animal Supplies International, Inc. | Insect repellent compound, material and animal mask, and method for making the same |
| DE202011002110U1 (en) | 2011-01-29 | 2011-06-01 | Büttgenbach, Guido, 41352 | Insect repellent in horses |
| US8647684B2 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2014-02-11 | Howard Baube | pH modified insect repellent/insecticide soap composed of plant essential oils |
| EP2862442A1 (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-22 | Fulltec GmbH | Insect repellent |
| JP2019521172A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2019-07-25 | サニット テクノロジーズ エルエルシーＳａｎｉｔ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ ＬＬＣ | Mosquito repellent |
| US10264787B1 (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2019-04-23 | BIOVECBLOK s.r.l. | Natural mosquito larvicide |
| US10306894B1 (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-04 | BIOVECBLOK s.r.l. | Natural mosquito repellant |
| CN113615717A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-09 | 皖南医学院 | Acaricide containing plant essential oil, and its application method and application |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5106622A (en) * | 1991-03-12 | 1992-04-21 | Karen Sherwood | Repellent composition containing natural oils of citronella, cedar and wintergreen and use thereof |
| AU2473592A (en) * | 1991-08-21 | 1993-03-16 | Procter & Gamble Company, The | Detergent compositions containing lipase and terpene |
| CH687357A5 (en) | 1993-06-24 | 1996-11-29 | Orphea Sa | Composition in the liquid state with tarmifugo effect. |
| US5518736A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1996-05-21 | Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew | Method of preparing natural-oil-containing emulsions and microcapsules and its uses |
-
2002
- 2002-04-29 DE DE10219109A patent/DE10219109A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-04-15 EA EA200401442A patent/EA006949B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-15 CA CA2484178A patent/CA2484178C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-15 MX MXPA04010697A patent/MXPA04010697A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-04-15 AT AT03725038T patent/ATE511754T1/en active
- 2003-04-15 CN CNB038122774A patent/CN1301650C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-15 DK DK03725038.8T patent/DK1499193T3/en active
- 2003-04-15 US US10/512,610 patent/US7144591B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-15 EP EP03725038A patent/EP1499193B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-15 PT PT03725038T patent/PT1499193E/en unknown
- 2003-04-15 ES ES03725038T patent/ES2363871T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-15 SI SI200332020T patent/SI1499193T1/en unknown
- 2003-04-15 WO PCT/EP2003/003944 patent/WO2003092383A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2011
- 2011-06-15 CY CY20111100566T patent/CY1111566T1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7144591B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 |
| SI1499193T1 (en) | 2011-09-30 |
| HK1074352A1 (en) | 2005-11-11 |
| EA006949B1 (en) | 2006-06-30 |
| AU2003227631A1 (en) | 2003-11-17 |
| CA2484178A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
| CN1655680A (en) | 2005-08-17 |
| CN1301650C (en) | 2007-02-28 |
| DE10219109A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
| WO2003092383A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
| MXPA04010697A (en) | 2005-02-17 |
| EP1499193A1 (en) | 2005-01-26 |
| DK1499193T3 (en) | 2011-08-29 |
| CY1111566T1 (en) | 2015-10-07 |
| CA2484178C (en) | 2010-03-30 |
| US20050260239A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
| EA200401442A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
| ATE511754T1 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
| PT1499193E (en) | 2011-07-01 |
| EP1499193B1 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
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