ES2366885T3 - STARTING DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, ESPECIALLY OF AUTOMOBILE VEHICLE. - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a starter drive assembly for starting a combustion engine through a toothed crown wheel. An electrical motor rotatably drives the drive assembly. The motor has a stator (3) comprising an inductor winding (5) formed by a set of coils, where one of the coils presents low electrical resistance and another coil presents high electrical resistance. A set of contactors (55) of the motor controls power supply of a portion of shunt coils (51, 52) before controlling the power supply of all coils of the inductor winding. An independent claim is also included for a method for starting a combustion engine of a motor vehicle.

Description

The invention relates especially to a starter device for internal combustion engine, especially automobile vehicle, and more particularly to a "composite" starter motor, that is, a starter motor composed of a set of coils connected in series with the armature and a set of coils connected in parallel with the armature (bypass coils).

Patent FR 2174421 or US 3177368 is known as an electromagnetic contactor for electric motor starter of a motor vehicle. This contactor comprises a mobile device composed of a diver's core in which a rod is fixed that carries at one of its ends a sliding mounted contact plate. This plate is initially supported, especially by the action of springs, on contacts of an electrical circuit comprising a winding resistor so that, in a first start-up phase, the starter motor rotates at low speed. In a second start-up phase, this same contact plate closes an electrical circuit to allow the starter motor to release its maximum coupling.

FR 2827341 describes an electromagnetic contactor with a power resistance that allows a previous rotation of the launcher.

Patent application FR 2881479 describes a steering device of a starter motor provided with an electric motor. This comprises an inductor winding of four windings forming each of the two windings in series two groups in parallel. In a first phase, a deferred action electromagnetic switch is provided, which only allows the activation of one of the winding groups and, in a second phase, the activation of the two winding groups.

Different elements of a starting device according to a state of the art are shown in Figure 2.

Among these elements, there is a main contactor P connected, on the one hand, to a battery 26 and, on the other hand, to an inductor winding B formed by a plurality of coils in series. These coils have the same electrical resistance.

In general, during start-up (in which the contactor P is in the ON (activated) state as illustrated in curve a) of figure 3), the battery terminals occur during the input , a voltage drop (see curve b) in figure 3). This drop can take, for example, the voltage to a value below 9 volts.

However, in some cases, it is advisable to avoid an excessively low voltage level in the battery terminals 26 since the vehicle's on-board network could be affected by this low voltage.

The invention especially relates to limiting the voltage drop at the battery terminals during start-up without thereby deteriorating the mechanical power released by the starting device.

Thus, the object of the invention is a starting device for combustion engine according to claim 1.

Preferably, the inductor winding comprises at least one coil of low electrical resistance and a first and second coil of high resistance, for example, the first and second group of two coils (each on a pole) of high resistance, and the assembly Contactors are available to govern:

- in a first phase, the power supply of said at least one low resistance coil and the first high resistance electrical coil, these coils being therefore electrically in series,

-In a second phase, the power supply essentially of the low resistance coil, even the power supply only of this low resistance coil.

Thanks to the invention, it is possible to considerably reduce the voltage drop during the initial peak of current, avoiding, if necessary, the costly realization of a DC / DC electronic converter or a complementary battery.

The invention makes it possible to benefit from winding power resistors to temporarily limit the input current to a voltage equivalent, for example, equal to 9 volts at the battery terminals while having an impulse coupling level with sufficient heat.

Advantageously, the set of contactors is arranged to govern: - in a third phase, after the first and second phase, the power supply of all the coils of the inductor winding.

Preferably, the machine comprises an armature or rotor and the low resistance coil or coils are electrically in series in the armature of the electric machine.

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the machine comprises an armature or rotor, and the coil or coils of the high resistance inductor are electrically parallel to the armature of the electric machine when all the winding coils are electrically fed.

Advantageously, the inductor winding comprises at least two coils of low electrical resistance.

Preferably, the inductor winding has two pairs of magnetic poles and the poles of one type (for example, north) are formed by low resistance coils and the poles of the other type (for example, south) are formed by high resistance coils. electric

The invention thus provides, in accordance with one of its aspects, a starting device with a stator provided with one or more poles called "shunts" formed by two high-resistance sub-coils to feed, first, only one part of the windings of these sub-coils.

These "shunt" winding parts for first feeding must preferably be in series with the armature and then the low resistance series inductor poles, must be connected in series with the rest of "shunt" windings when the windings in series of Low resistance have been fed by a dedicated contactor governed with a certain delay.

In an embodiment of the invention, the set of contactors comprises a main contactor and a first and second auxiliary contactors.

Preferably, the set of contactors comprises at least one electrically controllable contactor.

Advantageously, the set of contactors is arranged so that the main contactor is first actuated, then the first auxiliary contactor and then the second auxiliary contactor is subsequently activated.

If desired, the low resistance electrical coil comprises at least one electrical cable having a considerable plane or section, over at least a part of its length. Eventually the low resistance coil comprises a reduced amount of turns.

For example, the high resistance electrical coil comprises at least one electrical cable having a smaller cross section than that of the low resistance coil cable or cables. This electrical cable can be thin. Eventually the high resistance coil comprises a high amount of turns.

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the high resistance electric coil comprises more turns than the low resistance coil.

If necessary, the starting device is arranged to automatically restart the combustion engine.

A subject of the invention is also a method for starting a combustion engine according to claim 9.

In an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the following step:

-in a third phase, after the first and second phase, allow the power supply of all the windings of the winding.

The electric machine is connected to a battery for its power supply.

During the starting of the combustion engine, using the starting device, the voltage at the battery terminals falls advantageously above 9 volts.

The invention can be related to a "compound" type machine with "shunt" poles (or coils) and series poles.

In the invention, it can be better understood from reading the following detailed description, an example of non-limiting application of the invention and observing the attached drawings in which:

- Figure 1 represents, schematically and partially, a starting device according to an embodiment of the invention,

-Figure 2 represents, schematically and partially, different elements of a starting device according to the state of the art,

- Figure 3 shows two curves a) and b) that illustrate, respectively, as a function of time, the state of the contactor of the device of Figure 1, and the evolution of the voltage at the terminals of the battery connected to this device,

- Figure 4 represents, schematically and partially, different elements of a starting device according to an embodiment of the invention,

-Figure 5 shows the curves from a) to d) that illustrate, respectively, as a function of time, the state of the contactors of the device of Figure 4 and the evolution of the voltage at the terminals of the battery connected to this device,

- Figure 6 represents, schematically and partially, in perspective, the device of Figure 4, and

- Figures 7 to 10 schematically illustrate different stages of operation of the device of Figure 4.

A starting device 1 for internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle is shown in Figure 1.

This device 1 comprises an electric motor, on the one hand, with a rotor 2, also called induced, which can rotate around an X axis and, on the other hand, with a stator 3 also called inductor, around the rotor

2.

This stator 3 comprises a cylinder head on which one or more polar pieces 4 are fixed for the placement of a inductor winding 5. This winding 5 is described in detail below. The rotor 2 comprises a rotor body 7 and an armature winding 8 wound in notches of the rotor body 7. This armature winding 8 forms, on each side of the rotor body 7, an anterior impeller 9 and a posterior impeller 10. The rotor 2 is provided, at the rear, with a manifold 12 comprising a plurality of contact parts

electrically connected to the conductive elements, formed in the example considered by cables, of the

armature winding 8. A group of brushes 13 and 14 are provided for the power supply of the armature winding 8, one of the brushes 13 being attached to the mass of the device 1 and another of the brushes 14 being attached to a contactor

17. There are, for example, 4 brushes. The brushes 13 and 14 rub on the collector 12 when the rotor 2 rotates. The starting device 1 additionally comprises a launcher 19 mounted so that it slides over a

drive shaft 18 and which can drive the rotor 2 that rotates around the X axis.

In a manner known per se, between the rotor 2 and the drive shaft 18, a reduction assembly of speeds 20. The launcher 19 comprises a drive element formed by a pinion 21 and intended to engage on a

drive element 33 of the combustion engine. This drag organ is, for example, a toothed crown.

The launcher 19 further comprises a freewheel 22 and a pulley washer 23 which between them define a throat 24 to receive the end 25 of a fork 27. This fork 27 is manufactured, for example, by molding a plastic material. The fork 27 is operated by the contactor 17 to move the launcher 19 with respect to the drive shaft

18, along the X axis, between a first position in which the launcher 19 drags the combustion engine by means of the pinion 21, and a second position in which the launcher 19 is disengaged from the toothed crown 33. The contactor 17 comprises a terminal 29 connected, by means of an electrical connection element, in particular, a cable 30, to a vehicle power supply, in particular a battery 26.

Now the inductor winding 5 will be described in more detail.

As illustrated in Figure 4, the inductor winding 5 comprises a plurality of coils in which the coils 50 have a low electrical resistance and the first and second group of coils 51 and 52 have a high electrical resistance.

In figures 7 to 10, the bypass coils 51 and 52 are represented in two oval parts by the numerous turns of small section (rounded cable) and high resistance that characterizes the bypass coils, and the rectangular series 50 coils by the small numerous turns of large section (rectangular section plane) and low resistance.

Bypass coils 51 and 52 are connected to ground 0 V in parallel to armature 2 and series coils 50 are connected in series with armature 2.

For four poles, the two groups of coils 50, 51 and 52 that are distinguished by a very marked difference in electrical resistance: low-resistance series winding, and high-resistance parallel winding (in this case double) for protection thermal The latter winding 51 and 52 cannot naturally benefit from the EMF of armature 2 during motor rotation to reduce its current, since it is not precisely in series with armature 2.

A low resistance value may be, for example, between about 2 to 20 milli-ohms and a high resistance value may be, for example, between 30 and 300 milli-ohms, for starter motors of, for example, 12 V.

The inductor winding 5 forms two pairs of north and south magnetic poles, and the north poles are formed by low resistance coils 50 and the south poles are formed by coils 51 and 52 of high electrical resistance.

The first group of coils 51, respectively the second group 52, comprises at least one coil 51a, respectively 52a, associated with one of the south poles and at least one coil 51b, respectively 52b, associated with another of the south poles (see figure 7).

The set 55 of contactors comprises a main contactor 60 and a first and second auxiliary contactors 61 and

62

Usually there is only one contactor 60 that serves to pull the lever 27, it is the main contactor. In figure 6 the main contactor 60 is the largest, since it must be strong enough to be able to pull the lever and not only push a moving contact, it is flanked by two smaller auxiliary contactors 61 and 62.

Once the main contactor 60 is activated, it then governs the auxiliary contactors 61 and 62, whose function is only to modify the topology of the electrical circuit, which differentiates them even more from the main one, whose function is to modify this topology, but also, mainly, actuate the lever and the starter of the starter with its pinion.

Each of these contactors 60 to 62 comprises a contactor 63 and a steering winding 64 so that they can be electrically governed.

The contactor assembly 55 is arranged such that a current passing in the winding 64 of the first auxiliary contactor 61 can serve to govern the operation of the second auxiliary contactor 62 with a delay, coupled with the characteristic time constant of the contactor 61.

The contactor assembly 55 is arranged in such a way that first the main contactor 60 is operated, then the first auxiliary contactor 61 and then the second auxiliary contactor 62 are successively actuated.

An example of the arrangement of contactors 60 to 62 is shown in Figure 6, with the auxiliary contactors 61 and 62 located on each side of the main contactor 60.

The following describes, with reference to Figures 7 to 10, different stages of operation of the starting device 1 for a combustion engine start.

Stage 1 (Figure 7)

Contactors 60 to 62 are initially deactivated (at this stage, coil 52 is not powered).

Stage 2 (Figure 8) By controlling the main contactor 60, the auxiliary contactors 61 and 62 being deactivated,

produces the power supply of the low resistance coils 50 and the coils 51 a and 51 b of the first group 51 of high resistance electric coils, these coils being therefore electrically in series. Stage 3 (Figure 9) By actuation of contactors 60 and 61, power is essentially produced from coils 50

low resistance, even the power supply only of those low resistance coils 50, excluding high resistance coils.

Stage 4 (figure 10) In this phase that happens to the previous phases, the power supply of all coils 50, 51 and 52 of the inductor winding 5 is produced by actuating three contactors 60 to 62.

The high resistance inductor coils 51 and 52 are therefore electrically in parallel with the armature of the electric machine when all winding coils are powered electrically. The low resistance coils 51 and 52 are electrically in series with the armature 2 of the electric machine.

The electric machine is connected to a battery 26 for its power supply. During the combustion engine start using the starter device 1, the voltage of the terminals of the battery decreases advantageously staying above 9 volts.

In an exemplary embodiment, it is possible to replace each group of high resistance coils, distributed over several poles, by a single high resistance coil and located on a single pole. The operation then returns to feed in 'bypass' to one pole then to both.

Claims (12)

1. Starting device (1) for combustion engine, particularly of a motor vehicle, comprising: -a launcher (19) arranged to start the combustion engine, particularly by means of a crown (33), An electric motor (2, 3) arranged to drag the launcher in rotation, the electric motor comprising: i. an armature (2) or rotor, ii. an inductor (3) comprising a winding (5) formed by a plurality of coils, at least one coil in series (50) electrically connected in series with the armature (2) and at least one bypass coil (51, 52) , in which the coil or each coil in series has a lower electrical resistance value than the coil or each bypass coil, iii. a set of contactors (55) arranged to govern the power supply of only a portion of the coils (51; 52) between which there is at least one bypass coil (51) in series with a series coil (50) and the induced (2), before governing the power supply of all the coils of the inductor winding and in which, when all the coils of the inductor winding are powered, the bypass coil or coils are electrically connected in parallel to the armature.

2.

Device according to the preceding claim, wherein the coil or each coil in series has an electrical resistance between 2 to 20 milli-ohms and the coil or each bypass coil has an electrical resistance between 30 and 300 milli-ohms .

3.

Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the inductor winding comprises a first and a second shunt coil and the set of contactors is arranged to govern:

- in a first phase (figure 8), the power supply of said at least one coil in series (50) and of the first bypass coil, these coils being therefore electrically in series. -in a second phase (figure 9), the power supply of the coil in series by deriving the first bypass coil.

Four.

Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the set of contactors is arranged to govern:

-in a third phase (figure 10), after the first and second phase, the power supply of all coils (50-52) of the inductor winding.

5.

Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the induction winding has two pairs of magnetic poles and the poles of one type are formed by series coils and the poles of another type are formed by bypass coils (51; 52 ).

6.

Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the set of contactors comprises a main contactor (60) and the first and second auxiliary contactor (61; 62), allowing the main contactor to operate a lever and thus the caster of the starter motor with its pinion and in which the first and second auxiliary contactor (61; 62) only have the function of modifying the topology of the electrical circuit.

7.

Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the set of contactors is arranged so that first the main contactor (60) is operated, then the first auxiliary contactor (61) and then the second auxiliary contactor (62) are successively actuated.

8.

Device according to the preceding claim, wherein:

-activated and closed the main contactor, the power supply of said at least one coil in series (50) and the first bypass coil is caused, these coils being therefore electrically in series, and the activation of the first contactor is also governed assistant, -activated the first auxiliary contactor, the first bypass coil is derived and the activation of the second auxiliary contactor is governed, and -activated the second auxiliary contactor, the two bypass coils are put in series. 9. Method for starting a combustion engine, particularly of a motor vehicle, using a starting device comprising an electric motor provided with an inductor with a winding comprising at least one series coil electrically connected in series with the armature (2 ) and at least one bypass coil having a higher electrical resistance value than the coil or each coil in series, the procedure comprising the following steps: - in a first phase (figure 8), allowing the power supply of said at least one coil in series (50) and a shunt coil, these coils being therefore electrically in series, -in a second phase (figure 10), allow the power supply: i. of coils in series with the armature ii. bypass coils in parallel with the armature

10.

Method according to the preceding claim, which comprises the following step:

-between the first and second phase (figure 9) an intermediate phase that allows the power supply of all the coils in series by deriving the bypass coil fed during the first phase.

eleven.

Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the inductor winding comprises a first and a second bypass coil and a series coil, the method consisting of:

-In the first phase, feed the first coil in series, in series with the bypass coil the series set with the armature. -in the intermediate phase feed the coil in series, in series with the induced bypassing the bypass coil and - in the second phase, the feeding of all the coils in such a way that a first set comprises the coil in series, in series with the armature and in parallel with a second set comprising the series bypass coils. 12. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that during starting the combustion engine using the starting device, the voltage at the battery terminals is greater than 9 volts.