ES2369111T3 - Grapadora quirúrgica con articulación universal y presujeción de tejido. - Google Patents
Grapadora quirúrgica con articulación universal y presujeción de tejido. Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Conjunto de herramienta (100) que comprende: un conjunto de yunque (110) y un conjunto de cartucho (200), presentando el conjunto de cartucho (200) un5 a pluralidad de grapas y siendo móvil en relación con el conjunto de yunque (110) entre una posición abierta y una posición aproximada, definiendo el conjunto de cartucho (200) y el conjunto de yunque (110) un intersticio de tejido en la posición aproximada, presentando el conjunto de yunque (110) una ranura (112) que se extiende desde un extremo proximal del conjunto de yunque (110) hasta un extremo distal del yunque, presentando la ranura (112) una parte dependiente y una parte superior transversal; un collar de sujeción (140) ubicado adyacente al extremo proximal del conjunto de cartucho (200) y al conjunto de yunque (110) y que es móvil desde una primera posición hasta una segunda posición con el fin de efectuar un movimiento del conjunto de yunque (110) en relación con el conjunto de cartucho (200) desde la posición abierta hacia la posición aproximada; y un elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) ubicado de manera móvil en relación con el conjunto de yunque (110) y el conjunto de cartucho (200), siendo móvil el elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) desde una primera posición hasta una segunda posición y siendo una primera interfaz mecánica (159) del elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) longitudinalmente móvil en vaivén dentro de la parte superior de la ranura (112) en el conjunto de yunque (200), estando dimensionada la parte superior de la ranura (112) para recibir de manera deslizante la primera interfaz mecánica (159), en el que el elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) incluye una segunda interfaz mecánica (152) que se acopla al conjunto de cartucho (200) de manera que puede deslizar, estando las primera y segunda interfaces mecánicas (159, 152) del elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) en coincidencia sustancialmente vertical una con relación a la otra para oponerse a las fuerzas expansivas asociadas a la sujeción y el grapado de tejido.
Description
Grapadora quirúrgica con articulación universal y presujeción de tejido.
Campo técnico
La presente solicitud se refiere a un aparato de grapado quirúrgico y, más particularmente, a un aparato de grapado quirúrgico endoscópico que aplica secuencialmente una pluralidad de sujetadores quirúrgicos al tejido corporal y practica a continuación una incisión en el tejido sujeto.
Antecedentes de la técnica relacionada
Son bien conocidos en la técnica los dispositivos quirúrgicos en los que se agarra o se sujeta inicialmente tejido entre una estructura de mordazas opuestas y a continuación es unido por sujetadores quirúrgicos. Típicamente, se utiliza un bisturí después de que se sujete el tejido para cortar el tejido a lo largo de una trayectoria de corte preferida. Los sujetadores presentan típicamente una forma de grapas quirúrgicas, pero pueden utilizarse también otros tipos de sujetadores para alcanzar el mismo resultado u otro similar.
Los instrumentos para este fin pueden incluir dos elementos alargados que se utilizan respectivamente para capturar
o sujetar tejido. Típicamente, uno de los elementos presenta un cartucho de grapas que aloja una pluralidad de grapas dispuestas en por lo menos dos filas laterales, mientras el otro elemento presenta un yunque que define una superficie para formar las patas de grapa cuando las grapas son expulsadas del cartucho de grapas. En general, la operación de grapado es efectuada por barras o trineos de leva que presentan superficies de leva que se desplazan longitudinalmente a través del cartucho de grapas y empujadores de grapas que eyectan secuencialmente las grapas desde el cartucho de grapas. Típicamente, un bisturí se desplaza entre las filas de grapas para cortar y/o abrir longitudinalmente el tejido grapado entre las filas de grapas formadas.
Una de las cuestiones asociadas a los diseños de grapadora anteriores es la tendencia del elemento de sujeción dinámica a torcerse o combarse cuando pasa a través del tejido debido a las grandes fuerzas generadas durante el grapado y el corte de tejido. Por ejemplo, los diseños de elemento de sujeción dinámica anteriores que presentan el bisturí o la superficie de corte proporcionan diseños en voladizo que se diseñan para apretar efectivamente el tejido delante de la hoja de bisturí y el trineo de formación de las grapas para forzar a los fluidos fuera del tejido, lo que mejora el grapado del tejido y contribuye a un grapado de tejido exitoso. Sin embargo, las grandes fuerzas requeridas para grapar y practicar incisiones en el tejido tienden a colocar esfuerzos indebidos sobre el diseño de bisturí en voladizo que pueden provocar que el bisturí se tuerza o se combe durante la traslación, requiriendo frecuentemente que el cirujano dispare la grapadora muy lentamente a través de estructuras de tejido mayores para evitar la posibilidad de desplazamiento del bisturí fuera de la línea.
La patente US nº 4.520.817 describe un instrumento de grapado quirúrgico que presenta mordazas alargadas superior e inferior, una de las cuales está adaptada para recibir un cargador de grapas, estando adaptada la otra mordaza para recibir un yunque o para servir ella misma como yunque. Un conjunto de barra empujadora y bisturí, que incluye un par de barras empujadoras y un portador de bisturí central, se desplaza a lo largo de las mordazas para eyectar secuencialmente las grapas del cargador y para formar filas de grapas lateralmente espaciadas en tejido agarrado entre las mordazas mientras el bisturí corta el tejido a lo largo de una línea entre las filas de grapas. El cargador y el conjunto de barra empujadora y bisturí pueden constituir juntos un cartucho desechable unitario.
El documento EP 0 741 996 describe un mecanismo de bloqueo para asegurar una utilización secuencial apropiada de un instrumento quirúrgico utilizando una energía de tratamiento de tejido, particular una energía de calentamiento de tejido, tal como, por ejemplo, energías electroquirúrgica, ultrasónica, térmica, láser, de luz infrarroja u otras energías de calentamiento. El instrumento puede incluir un monitor de realimentación dispuesto para proporcionar una señal que indica la finalización del tratamiento de tejido. El instrumento puede incluir también un mecanismo de bloqueo electromecánico que responde a la señal de realimentación completa de tratamiento de tejido y que está dispuesto para desbloquearse cuando esté completo el tratamiento de tejido.
Un objetivo de la presente exposición consiste en proporcionar una grapadora quirúrgica que presenta un accionador, preferentemente un elemento de sujeción dinámica que mejora el grapado de tejido forzando fluidos fuera del tejido sujeto antes de la eyección hacia dentro del tejido y el grapado de éste. Otro objetivo de la presente exposición consiste en proporcionar un elemento de sujeción dinámica que aplica sustancialmente presión de sujeción sobre el conjunto de yunque y cartucho del elemento de herramienta de una grapadora quirúrgica cuando el elemento de grapado dinámico se traslada a lo largo del conjunto de herramienta y a través de éste.
Otro objetivo de la presente exposición consiste en proporcionar un elemento de sujeción dinámica que ayude a proporcionar un intersticio de tejido uniforme entre las superficies de contacto de tejido de un yunque y un cartucho de grapas en el área inmediata de la formación de grapa progresiva y secuencia y la sujeción de tejido y durante estas operaciones, así como en el área de corte del tejido y durante éste, si se está realizando un corte.
La presente invención se refiere a un conjunto de herramienta (100) que comprende:
un conjunto de yunque (110) y un conjunto de cartucho (200), teniendo el conjunto de cartucho (200) una pluralidad de grapas y siendo móvil en relación con el conjunto de yunque (110) entre una posición abierta y una posición aproximada, definiendo el conjunto de cartucho (200) y el conjunto de yunque (110) un intersticio de tejido en la posición aproximada, teniendo el conjunto de yunque (110) una ranura (112) que se extiende desde un extremo proximal del conjunto de yunque (110) hasta un extremo distal del yunque, teniendo la ranura (112) una parte dependiente y una parte superior transversal;
un collar de sujeción (140) posicionado junto al extremo proximal del conjunto de cartucho (200) y el conjunto de yunque (110) y que es móvil desde una primera posición hasta una segunda posición para efectuar el movimiento del conjunto de yunque (110) en relación con el conjunto de cartucho (200) desde la posición abierta hacia la posición aproximada; y
un elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) posicionado de forma móvil en relación con el conjunto de yunque (110) y el conjunto de cartucho (200), siendo móvil el elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) desde una primera posición hasta una segunda posición y pudiendo moverse en vaivén longitudinalmente una primera interfaz mecánica (159) del elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) dentro de la parte superior de la ranura (112) en el conjunto de yunque (200), dimensionándose la parte superior de la ranura (112) para recibir deslizablemente la primera interfaz mecánica (159),
en el que el elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) incluye una segunda interfaz mecánica (152) que se acopla deslizablemente al conjunto de cartucho (200), estando las primera y segunda interfaces mecánicas (159, 152) del elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) en coincidencia sustancialmente vertical una con relación a otra para oponerse a las fuerzas expansivas asociadas con la sujeción y grapado de tejido, con las formas de realización preferidas definidas por las reivindicaciones dependientes.
Se describen en la presente memoria diversas formas de realización del presente instrumento haciendo referencia a los dibujos, en los que:
La figura 1A es una vista en perspectiva de una grapadora quirúrgica para su utilización con un conjunto de herramienta según la presente exposición;
La figura 1B es una vista en perspectiva del conjunto de herramienta de la grapadora quirúrgica según la presente exposición;
La figura 2 es una vista en despiece ordenado del conjunto de herramienta de la figura 1;
La figura 3 es una sección transversal en perspectiva derecha del conjunto de herramienta de la figura 1, que representa componentes internos del mismo;
La figura 4 es una vista en sección transversal parcial izquierda que representa un elemento de sujeción dinámica según la presente exposición;
La figura 5 es una vista en perspectiva superior que representa un yunque para formar una serie de sujetadores quirúrgicos según la presente exposición;
La figura 6A es una vista en perspectiva lateral de un conjunto de canal para soportar un cartucho de grapas según la presente exposición;
La figura 6B es una vista en perspectiva superior del conjunto de canal de la figura 6A;
La figura 7A es una vista en perspectiva lateral de un trineo para soportar el elemento de sujeción dinámica según la presente exposición;
La figura 7B es una vista en perspectiva superior del trineo de la figura 7A;
La figura 7C es una vista en perspectiva que representa el elemento de sujeción dinámica dispuesto dentro del trineo;
La figura 8 es una vista en perspectiva lateral de un bloque de pivote que monta el conjunto de herramienta en un vástago de la grapadora quirúrgica para permitir la articulación del conjunto de herramienta con relación al vástago;
La figura 9 es una vista en perspectiva lateral de un adaptador para montar el bloque de pivote en el vástago de la grapadora quirúrgica;
La figura 10 es una vista en perspectiva lateral del elemento de sujeción dinámica según la presente exposición;
La figura 11A es una vista en perspectiva frontal de un extremo distal de un cartucho de grapas para su utilización de acuerdo con la presente exposición;
La figura 11B es una vista en sección transversal lateral del conjunto de herramienta representado en la figura 1B y el conjunto de cartucho representado en la figura 11A;
La figura 11C es una vista en perspectiva inferior con las partes separadas del conjunto de cartucho de la figura 11A;
La figura 11D representa una vista ampliada de la relación de cooperación entre el trineo, los sujetadores quirúrgicos y una pluralidad de empujadores de grapas que forman parte del conjunto de grapas de las figuras 11A-11C;
La figura 12 es una ilustración esquemática de un sistema de accionamiento similar a una polea para hacer avanzar el trineo a través del tejido;
La figura 13 es una vista esquemática en sección transversal lateral que representa un posible mecanismo de accionamiento para actuar una abrazadera con la finalidad de comprimir y cortar tejido; y
La figura 14 es una vista en perspectiva de un diseño de elemento de sujeción dinámica alternativo según la presente descripción.
La figura 1A representa una grapadora quirúrgica, designada generalmente con el número de referencia 1, para utilización en diversas intervenciones quirúrgicas abiertas, endoscópicas o laparoscópicas. La grapadora 1 incluye un alojamiento 3 que presenta unos extremos proximal y distal 4 y 6, respectivamente, un vástago alargado 20 montado en el alojamiento 3, preferentemente en su extremo distal 4, y un conjunto de mango designado generalmente con el número de referencia 5. El vástago 20 tiene un extremo distal 20a al que está sujeto funcionalmente por un mecanismo de sujeción 20b una unidad de carga desechable 10. Como se muestra también en la figura 1B, la unidad de carga desechable (DLU) 10 está compuesta de un conjunto de herramienta 100 y una parte de conector de vástago 20c que están sujetos pivotada y funcionalmente entre sí a través de un mecanismo conector C. La parte 20c de conector de vástago está sujeta funcionalmente de manera retirable al extremo proximal 24 del extremo distal 20a del vástago 20.
Está comprendido en el alcance de la presente exposición que el conjunto de herramienta 100 pueda sujetarse pivotada, funcional y de manera íntegra, por ejemplo a través de un mecanismo de conexión, tal como C, de manera permanente y directa, al extremo distal 20a del vástago 20 de una grapadora quirúrgica desechable. Como es conocido, una unidad de carga utilizada o gastada 10 puede retirarse del vástago 20 de una grapadora quirúrgica abierta, endoscópica o laparoscópica, reutilizable o reponible, y sustituirse por una unidad desechable no utilizada. Se contempla que el vástago 20 con o sin una unidad de carga desechable íntegra o sujeta de manera retirable pueda ser retirado selectivamente del alojamiento 3.
La parte 20 de conector de vástago incluye un extremo proximal 24 y un extremo distal 22. Como se menciona anteriormente, el extremo proximal 24 puede asociarse de manera permanente o retirable con un mango u otros conjuntos de accionamiento de una grapadora quirúrgica 1 (o sistema no representado) abierta o endoscópica, manualmente accionada (o de otra manera, por ejemplo robótica o por ordenador). El extremo distal 22 de la parte 20 de conector de vástago está conectado funcionalmente al conjunto de herramienta 100. El conjunto de herramienta 100 incluye, en general, un conjunto 120 de canal de cartucho, un conjunto de yunque 110 y un conjunto 200 de cartucho de grapas. El conjunto de herramienta 100 incluye también un accionador, preferentemente un elemento de sujeción dinámica 150, un trineo 160, así como empujadores de grapas 228 y grapas 350, una vez que un cartucho no gastado o no utilizado 200 está incorporado o montado en el conjunto de canal 120.
En los dibujos y en las descripciones siguientes, el término “proximal”, como es tradicional, se referirá, por ejemplo, al extremo del conjunto de herramienta 100 que se encuentra más próximo al usuario, mientras que el término “distal” se referirá al extremo que está más alejado del usuario.
La parte 20c de conector de vástago es preferentemente cilíndrica y define un canal interno 25 en el extremo distal 22 del mismo y que está dimensionado para recibir un adaptador de tubo o adaptador 40 que se describirá con mayor detalle con respecto a la figura 9 posterior. La parte 20c de conector de vástago recibe o aloja también accionadores para actuar el conjunto de herramienta 100. Como se pone más claramente de manifiesto en las figuras 1A, 1B, 2 y 9, el conjunto de herramienta 100 se monta en el extremo distal 22 del conector 20c de vástago (o en el extremo distal 20a del vástago 20).
Más particularmente, el conjunto de herramienta 100 está montado sobre el adaptador de tubo 40, que incluye una superficie cilíndrica exterior 47 que es recibida deslizablemente en acoplamiento de encaje por fricción y se sujeta al alojamiento interno 25 del conector 20c de vástago (o, de nuevo, al vástago 20). Aquí, la descripción de la conexión
o sujeción proximal del conjunto de herramienta 100 al conector 20c de vástago se aplica también a su conexión al vástago 20. Preferentemente, la superficie exterior 47 del adaptador de tubo 40 incluye por lo menos una interfaz mecánica, por ejemplo un corte o muesca 45, que coincide con una interfaz mecánica correspondiente, por ejemplo un saliente o retén que se extiende radialmente hacia dentro (no representado), dispuesto en la periferia interior del alojamiento interno 25 para bloquear el adaptador de tubo 40 al conector de vástago 20c. Como resultado, la rotación del vástago 20 alrededor de un eje “X” definido con respecto al conjunto de herramienta 100 (véase la figura 3) hace girar en correspondencia el conjunto de herramienta 100 en la misma dirección.
Como se pone más claramente de manifiesto en las figuras 1B, 3, 4, 8 y 9, el extremo distal del adaptador de tubo 40 incluye un par de bridas opuestas 42a y 42b que definen una cavidad 41 para recibir en ella pivotablemente un bloque de pivote 50. Más particularmente, cada brida 42a y 42b incluye una abertura 44a y 44b (figura 8) definida en ella que recibe un pasador de pivote 57 (figura 4) recibido también en unas aberturas 52a, 52b del bloque de pivote 50 para permitir un movimiento pivotable del bloque de pivote 50 alrededor de un eje “Z” definido como perpendicular al eje longitudinal “X” del conjunto de herramienta 100 (véanse las figuras 3 y 8).
Como se explica con mayor detalle a continuación en la descripción del conjunto de canal 120, el extremo proximal de cada brida 121a y 121b que se extiende hacia arriba del conjunto de canal 120 incluye un par de aberturas 122a y 122b dispuestas a su través que están dimensionadas para recibir un pasador de pivote 59 (figura 6A). A su vez, el pasador de pivote 59 se monta a través de unas aberturas 53a; 53b del bloque de pivote 50 para permitir la rotación del conjunto de herramienta 100 alrededor del eje “Y”, según sea necesario, durante una intervención quirúrgica dada (figuras 3 y 8).
Un accionador o una pluralidad de accionadores (no representados) pasa preferentemente a través de la parte 20c de conector de vástago, el adaptador de tubo 40 y el bloque de pivote 50 y se conecta funcionalmente al conjunto de herramienta 100 para permitir que el cirujano articule el conjunto de herramienta 100 alrededor de los ejes “Y” y “Z”, según sea necesario, durante una intervención quirúrgica. Además, el vástago 20 de la grapadora quirúrgica 1 puede girar 360º por la rotación de un botón “K”. Como resultado, el conjunto de herramienta 100 puede articularse por lo menos 90 grados en todas las direcciones. Se contemplan diversos accionadores, conjuntos de mano y bloques de pivote que pueden utilizarse para realizar esta tarea, algunos de los cuales se identifican en las patentes US nº 6.250.532 y nº 6.330.965 en cotitularidad.
Como se pone más claramente de manifiesto en las figuras 1B y 2 y como se menciona anteriormente, el conjunto de herramienta 100 incluye un conjunto de yunque 110 y un conjunto de canal 120. El conjunto de canal 120 soporta un conjunto 200 de cartucho de grapas, un accionador, por ejemplo un elemento de sujeción dinámica 150, y un trineo 160. Por tanto, estos diversos conjuntos y sus respectivos componentes internos, cuando se ensamblan, cooperan para permitir que el conjunto de herramienta manipule, agarre, sujete retenga y, preferentemente, corte tejido 400 durante una intervención quirúrgica dada, como se explica a continuación.
Generalmente, las mitades superior e inferior de una parte del conjunto de herramienta 100 son definidas por el conjunto de yunque 110 y el conjunto de canal 120 del cartucho. El conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 se monta dentro del conjunto de canal 120 e incluye una superficie superior 231 que contacta o que mira al tejido y que se opone a una superficie 114b de yunque inferior de contacta o que mira al tejido del conjunto de yunque 110. Como se ve de forma óptima en la figura 1B, el conjunto de yunque 110 y el conjunto de canal 120 (y, así, cuando se monta, el conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200) están acoplados pivotablemente cerca del extremo proximal del conjunto de herramienta 100 para permitir que el conjunto de yunque 110 pivote con respecto al conjunto de canal 120 (y del conjunto 200 de cartucho de grapas). Más particularmente, el conjunto de yunque 110 y el conjunto de canal 120 están acoplados pivotablemente uno con respecto a otro por dos elementos mecánicos, a saber, las bridas 121a y 121b que se extienden hacia arriba del conjunto de canal 120 y un collar de presujeción 140.
Más particularmente, el extremo proximal de cada pared lateral o de cada brida 121a y 121b que se extiende hacia arriba del conjunto de canal 120 incluye un corte, por ejemplo, un fondo de saco 123a, 123b, que están configurados para recibir pivotablemente un par de salientes o retenes correspondientes 119a (no representado) y 119b que se extienden lateralmente desde el extremo proximal del conjunto de yunque 110. Esto permite que el conjunto de yunque 110 pivote con respecto al conjunto de canal 120.
El collar de presujeción 140 está concebido para abarcar y sujetar o, preferentemente, presujetar el conjunto de canal 120 y el conjunto de yunque 110 uno a otro en una posición aproximada y de sujeción antes de la sujeción del tejido. Como puede apreciarse, moviendo el collar de presujeción 140 distalmente el usuario puede actuar/mover el conjunto de yunque 110 desde una primera posición abierta hacia el conjunto de canal 120 para aproximar las mordazas, es decir, el yunque 110 y el cartucho 200, hasta una segunda posición cerrada para agarrar tejido 400 entre ellos. El trineo 160 puede ser actuado por el usuario para grapar y practicar incisiones a continuación en el tejido 400. Los detalles del trineo 160, el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 y el conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 se describen con mayor detalle a continuación. Debe apreciarse que presujeción significa que el collar de sujeción 140 se aproxima a los conjuntos de yunque y cartucho y los sujeta desde o en las partes extremas proximales antes del grapado y antes de que el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 (o 150’’) sujete a continuación progresivamente los conjuntos de yunque y cartucho en el área de grapado y, preferentemente, de corte del tejido cuando el elemento de sujeción dinámica se traslada a través del conjunto de herramienta 100.
Como se pone más claramente de manifiesto en las figuras 7A, 7C, 11B y 11D, el trineo 160 incluye un par de cuñas 161a y 161b de leva que se extienden hacia arriba (véase la figura 7A), que cuando es obligado a moverse por el usuario, realiza un movimiento de leva de una serie de sujetadores quirúrgicos 500 o grapas (véase la figura 11D) hacia dentro del tejido 400 y a través de éste (figura 11B) y contra los receptáculos 111 de formación de grapas del conjunto de yunque 110 con el fin de deformar los sujetadores 350 y sujetar el tejido 400 con ellos. El elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 está asociado con el trineo 160, por ejemplo está montado y cabalga sobre éste, o está conectado al mismo o es parte enteriza de éste y/o cabalga detrás del trineo 160. Se contempla que el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 pueda presentar cuñas de leva o superficies de leva sujetas o formadas de una sola pieza o pueda ser empujado por una superficie distal delantera de éstas.
Como se muestra, el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 está dispuesto o asentado en el trineo 160 detrás de las cuñas 161a y 161b que se extienden hacia arriba de tal manera que, después de que se disparen los sujetadores quirúrgicos 500 y se formen contra la superficie inferior 114b del yunque, el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 corte el tejido 400 entre las dos filas de sujetadores 500. Los detalles de los diversos subconjuntos y componentes mencionados anteriormente del conjunto de herramienta 100 y de las características intercooperativas entre todos ellos se describen con mayor detalle a continuación con respecto a los dibujos de las figuras correspondientes.
Como se muestra en las figuras 1B, 2, 4, 5, 6A y 11B, el conjunto de yunque 110 es preferentemente alargado e incluye un extremo proximal 116, un extremo distal 118 y superficies superior e inferior 114a y 114b, respectivamente. Como se explica anteriormente, un par de pasadores de balancín 119a (no representado) y 119b están dispuestos cerca del extremo proximal 116 y están diseñados para acoplamiento pivotable con un par correspondiente de cortes 123a y 123b definidos dentro de las paredes laterales 121a, 121b cerca del extremo proximal del conjunto de canal 120. Se contempla que el accionamiento por medios convencionales (por ejemplo activados remotamente, tal como por un conjunto de mango 5 (figura 1A)) hará que el collar de sujeción 140 se mueva en una dirección distal y se aplique a la superficie de leva delantera 115 del conjunto de yunque 110. Esto hará que el conjunto de yunque 110 pivote desde una primera posición abierta, en la que el conjunto de yunque 110 y el conjunto de canal 120 están dispuestos en relación espaciada uno con respecto a otro, hasta una segunda posición cerrada en la que el conjunto de yunque 110 y el conjunto de cartucho de grapas 120 cooperan para agarrar el tejido 400 entre ellos, es decir, para presujetar el tejido entre la superficie 114b de contacto con tejido del yunque y la superficie opuesta 231 de contacto con tejido del conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200.
Más particularmente, se contempla que el agarre o la presujeción iniciales del tejido exprima o fuerce esencialmente fluidos en dirección lateral y axial hacia fuera del tejido 400, reduciendo así la probabilidad de que las grapas se desplacen hidráulicamente durante la deformación de las grapas. El movimiento del collar de sujeción 140 proximalmente sobre la superficie de leva proximal 117 hará pivotar el conjunto de yunque 110 alrededor de los pasadores 119a, 119b para abrir el conjunto de yunque 110 con relación al conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200. De acuerdo con la presente exposición, el agarre, es decir, la sujeción de tejido por el collar de sujeción 140 se denomina presujeción del tejido, es decir, antes de que el elemento de sujeción dinámica agarre a continuación el tejido, preferentemente lo sujete o lo comprima de manera adicional.
Preferentemente, el conjunto de yunque 110 está realizado en un material de calibre pesado adecuado, tal como, por ejemplo, acero inoxidable quirúrgico 301 (u otro material de alta resistencia y duradero), para resistir las fuerzas de la eyección y formación de grapas contra la superficie inferior 114b del yunque y, especialmente, en la parte extrema distal del conjunto de yunque 110, y para resistir las fuerzas asociadas a la expansión del tejido y/o al flujo de fluido dentro del tejido durante la presujeción del collar de sujeción 140 y, a continuación, la sujeción por el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150, 150’’, así como durante los procesos de sujeción y corte. La utilización del material de calibre pesado para el conjunto de yunque 110 permite que la abertura 154 y el pasador de leva 159 del elemento de sujeción dinámica actualmente descrito 150 se posicionen ventajosamente en coincidencia vertical sustancial con la brida inferior 152 del conjunto de sujeción 150.
Como se muestra en la figura 14, el material de calibre pesado del conjunto de yunque 110 permite que se utilice un elemento de sujeción dinámica diferente mejorado 150’’(o elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 de la figura 10). El diseño del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150’’ reduce en gran parte cualquier tendencia del conjunto de sujeción 150 al pandeo debido a fuerzas de compresión y de tracción opuestas, ya que, como se muestra en la figura 14, hay sólo esfuerzos de tracción a lo largo de la línea “S” debido a que la brida inferior 152’’ y el pasador de leva superior 159 (véase la figura 10) de la abertura 154’’ se disponen en coincidencia vertical sustancial una con relación a otra.
Como resultado y como se aprecia a partir de las figuras 4 y 11B, durante la traslación distal del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 o 150’’ a través del tejido 400, la combinación del material de calibre pesado del conjunto de yunque 110 y el alineamiento sustancialmente vertical de la brida 152, el filo 155 del bisturí y el pasador de leva 159 dispuesto en la abertura 154 funcionan para aproximar adicionalmente (es decir, sujetar adicionalmente) las superficies de contacto con tejido opuestas (es decir, la superficie inferior 114b del yunque y la superficie enfrentada superior 23 del conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200) en un punto móvil que es distal con respecto al borde delantero 155 del bisturí 155a. La sujeción adicional del tejido distalmente con relación al elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 en traslación actúa para mantener un intersticio máximo aceptable entre las superficies opuestas 114b y 231 y fuerza el fluido hacia fuera del tejido 400, lo que mejora el grapado y reduce la probabilidad de desplazamiento hidráulico de las grapas 500 durante la deformación.
Se contempla también que la utilización de un material de calibre pesado tanto para el conjunto de yunque 110 como para el collar de presujeción 140 proporcionará también una presión de sujeción mejorada a lo largo de la longitud del tejido 400 y ayudará a facilitar un intersticio uniforme entre el respectivo conjunto de yunque aproximado 110 y el cartucho 200 antes de disparar la grapadora y trasladar el trineo 160 y el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 a través del tejido 400. Además, la utilización de un collar de presujeción 140 para sujetar previamente el tejido 400 antes de la deformación de las grapas 500 tiende también a forzar parte del fluido de tejido en dirección distal y axial hacia fuera, lo que reduce de nuevo la probabilidad de un desplazamiento hidráulico de las grapas 500 durante la deformación para sujetar el tejido 400.
Después de que el tejido 400 se sujete y se corte (como se explica con mayor detalle a continuación con respecto al funcionamiento del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150), el operador puede liberar el collar de presujeción 140 a través de la reactivación o la activación inversa del accionador de sujeción (no representado). Como se explica anteriormente, el operador activa el accionador de sujeción para mover el collar de presujeción 140 proximalmente contra la superficie de leva posterior 117, que, a su vez, fuerza el conjunto de yunque 110 para pivotar hasta una posición abierta alrededor de los pasadores de balancín 119a y 119b.
Como se pone más claramente de manifiesto en la figura 5, el conjunto de yunque 110 incluye un canal o ranura alargado en forma de cruz o de T, designado con el número de referencia 112, que tiene una parte o pata central dependiente 112a y una parte superior transversal 112b. La ranura 112 se extiende de preferencia longitudinalmente desde el extremo proximal 113 de la parte superior 114a del conjunto de yunque 110 hasta el extremo distal 118 de la misma. La pata 112a comienza o entra el extremo próximo 113 del conjunto de yunque 110 y se extiende hasta el extremo distal 118, y la parte transversal superior 112b comienza próximo a la leva 115 y se extiende hasta el extremo distal 118. Preferentemente, la parte superior 112b está dimensionada para recibir deslizablemente el pasador transversal 159 que se extiende dentro de la abertura 154 en la parte superior 157 del soporte o extensión central 157 del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 (véase la figura 10). El pasador 159 está dimensionado para bloquear deslizablemente la parte superior 157 del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 dentro del canal en forma de T 112 de tal manera que el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 se desplace longitudinalmente en vaivén dentro de la ranura 112.
Como se menciona anteriormente, la disposición de pasador 159 y canal 112 del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 en el conjunto de yunque 110 y la disposición de la brida inferior a través de la ranura 126 en el conjunto de canal 120 (figura 6B) asegura que el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 y su filo de bisturí se desplacen entre los sujetadores quirúrgicos 500 a lo largo de un plano de corte transversal y vertical ideal a través del tejido 400. Es decir, las disposiciones pasador 159-ranura 112 y de brida 152-ranura 126 impiden que el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 se tuerza, es decir, desplace lateralmente el conjunto de yunque 110 con relación al conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 (ya sea verticalmente (eje “Z”) o transversalmente (eje “Y”)) durante los procesos de sujeción y corte. Además y como se explica anteriormente, estas disposiciones contrarrestan también las fuerzas de sujeción asociadas con la compresión de tejido en el intersticio entre el conjunto de yunque 110 y el conjunto de cartucho 120, y la eyección y deformación de las grapas 500, para mantener el conjunto de yunque 110 y el conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 en relación sustancialmente uniforme y estrecha uno con respecto a otro durante la deformación progresiva y secuencial de las grapas 500 y la incisión del tejido 400 a medida que el elemento de sujeción dinámica 500 se mueve desde el extremo proximal hasta el extremo distal del conjunto de yunque 110, el conjunto de canal 120 o el conjunto de cartucho 200.
Como se pone más claramente de manifiesto en las figuras 6A, 6B, 11A y 11B, el conjunto de canal 120 está dimensionado para alojar en él el conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200. Más particularmente, el conjunto de canal 120 incluye una superficie inferior 128 que tiene paredes o bridas laterales 121a y 121b que se extienden hacia arriba y que definen un canal de soporte alargado 125 que, a su vez, está dimensionado para recibir en él para montaje el conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200. El conjunto de canal 120 incluye también una pluralidad de interfaces mecánicas, aquí aberturas 127a, 127b, 127c y 127d, que reciben de forma conjugada una pluralidad correspondiente de interfaces mecánicas, aquí salientes 235a, 235b, 235c y 235d, dispuestas en la superficies enfrentadas exteriores del conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 (figuras 2 y 11C).
El conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 puede ensamblarse y montarse dentro del conjunto de canal 120 durante el proceso de fabricación o ensamble y se vende como parte de un conjunto de herramienta completo 100, o el conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 puede diseñarse para montarse selectivamente en el conjunto de canal 120, según sea necesario, y venderse por separado, por ejemplo como un conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 de repuesto de una sola utilización, sustituible o desechable. Preferentemente, el conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 se fabrica incluyendo el trineo 160 y el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150. Alternativamente y como se expone a continuación con respecto a la figura 15, el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 con un bisturí puede comercializarse como parte del conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 sustituible sin un filo de bisturí 155a (aunque preferentemente con un filo de bisturí 155a para mejorar y/o asegurar un corte preciso del tejido 400 después de la deformación de las grapas). El conjunto de herramienta 100 puede comercializarse también como un conjunto de componentes que incluya una variedad de cartuchos de grapas 200 que contengan sujetadores quirúrgicos 500 de diferentes tamaños y/o dispuestos para eyectarse según diferentes patrones, algunos de los cuales pueden acoplarse selectivamente al conjunto de canal 120, según se desee, para utilización durante una operación particular.
El extremo proximal de cada brida 121a y 121b que se extiende hacia arriba del conjunto de canal 120 incluye los fondos de saco mencionados anteriormente 123a, 123b que permiten que los pasadores 119a y 119b del conjunto de yunque 110 pivoten, y las aberturas 122a y 122b que están dimensionadas para recibir el pasador de pivote 59. Cuando se ensambla, el pasador de pivote 59 pasa también a través de las aberturas 53a, 53b del bloque de pivote 50 a lo largo del eje “Y”. La rotación del bloque de pivote 50 alrededor del eje “Y” gira de manera correspondiente al conjunto de herramienta 100 alrededor del eje “Y”. La rotación del bloque de pivote 50 alrededor del pasador 57 a lo largo del eje “Z” hace girar el conjunto de herramienta 100 alrededor del eje “Z”.
Como se pone más claramente de manifiesto en la figura 6B, la superficie inferior 128 del conjunto de canal 120 incluye también una ranura longitudinal alargada 126 que incluye y se comunica en su extremo proximal con un corte o muesca 129. La muesca 129 está dimensionada para permitir que la brida inferior 152 del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 pase a su través. La parte más estrecha de la ranura 126 está dimensionada para recibir deslizablemente el soporte o extensión hacia arriba 151 y permitir que éste pase a su través. Más particularmente y como se muestra también en las figuras 7A y 7B, la brida inferior 152 del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 pasa por una abertura o canal 164 a través de un corte o muesca 167 en la base del trineo 160 y a través de la muesca 129 en la pared inferior 128 del conjunto de canal 120. Cuando la brida inferior 152 del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 se extiende por debajo de la superficie de la pared inferior 128 del canal 120, el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 se mueve distalmente, de modo que la brida inferior 152 se acople deslizablemente al lado inferior de la pared inferior 128 junto a la ranura 126 y la extensión hacia arriba 151 se acople al canal 164. Como puede apreciarse, esto bloquea deslizablemente la brida inferior 152 del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 y el trineo 160 dentro del conjunto de canal 120.
La brida inferior 152 del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 en cooperación con la disposición de pasador 159 y ranura 112 del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 y el conjunto de yunque 110 aseguran deslizablemente el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 dentro de las ranuras opuestas 126 y 112 e impiden un desplazamiento no intencionado del conjunto de yunque 110 con relación al conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 (ya sea verticalmente (eje “Z”) o transversalmente (eje “Y”)) durante los procesos de sujeción, retención y corte. Como se menciona anteriormente, el material de calibre pesado del conjunto de yunque 110 reduce también el desplazamiento no intencionado del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 durante la traslación distal del mismo. Así, además de cortar el tejido 400, el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 de la presente exposición actúa también para oponerse a las fuerzas asociadas con la compresión del tejido, la deformación de los sujetadores quirúrgicos 500 y el corte del tejido 400.
Como se menciona anteriormente, la superficie inferior 128 del conjunto de canal 120 actúa como un portador para definir el canal de soporte alargado 125 destinado a recibir el conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200. Con respecto al conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200, unas patillas correspondientes 235a, 235b, 235c, 235d formadas a lo largo del conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 y el canal de soporte alargado 125 funcionan para retener el conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 dentro del canal de soporte 125 (véase la figura 11C). El conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 incluye también ranuras de retención decaladas 225 para recibir una pluralidad de sujetadores 500 y empujadores de grapas 228. Una serie de ranuras longitudinales separadas 230 se extienden a través del conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 para acomodar un par de cuñas de leva bifurcadas 161a, 161b que se extienden hacia arriba del trineo 160. Como se pone más claramente de manifiesto en la figura 11A, una ranura longitudinal centralmente localizada 282 se extiende sustancialmente a lo largo de la longitud del conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 para facilitar el paso de la extensión hacia arriba 151 del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 a su través. Cuando se deforman utilizando la forma de realización representada, los sujetadores quirúrgicos 500 forman dos grupos de tres filas de grapas 232a y 232b, un grupo para cada lado de la ranura 282.
Cuando se ensambla el elemento de herramienta 100, el trineo 160 se posiciona deslizablemente entre el conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 y el conjunto de canal 120 (véase la figura 3). El trineo 160 y los componentes de trabajo interiores del conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 detallados anteriormente cooperan funcionalmente para deformar las grapas 500. Más particularmente, el trineo 160 incluye cuñas 161a y 161b de leva bifurcadas que se extienden hacia arriba y que se acoplan y cooperan una serie de empujadores de grapas 228 para expulsar grapas 350 a través de las ranuras 225 desde el conjunto de cartucho 200 y deformarlas contra los receptáculos 11 de formación de grapas del conjunto de yunque 100.
Durante el funcionamiento de la grapadora quirúrgica 10, el trineo 160 se traslada de preferencia distalmente a través de las ranuras longitudinales 230 del conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 para hacer avanzar las cuñas de leva 161a y 161b hacia una posición de contacto secuencial con los empujadores 228, mover a leva y provocar que los empujadores 228 se trasladen verticalmente dentro de las ranuras de retención 226 y empujar a los sujetadores 500 desde las ranura de retención 225 contra los receptáculos 111 de formación de los sujetadores en la superficie enfrentada inferior 14b del conjunto de yunque 110 (véase la figura 4).
Como se menciona anteriormente, el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 está montado en el trineo 160 (figuras 7A y 7B) y, preferentemente, funciona encima, sobre o en éste. En la realización representada, cuando se ensambla, la parte inferior de la extensión hacia arriba 151 del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 se coloca generalmente en la ranura 164 definida en el trineo 160 en posición axial entre el borde enfrentado proximalmente 166a de un espaciador 166 y el borde enfrentado distalmente 162b y el borde proximal 162a que se extiende hacia arriba de una brida posterior 162.
El elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 está asegurado al trineo 160 a través de una ranura 167 que se extiende a través de la base del trineo 160. Más particularmente, la base de la extensión hacia arriba 151 del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 está dispuesta de forma segura con la segunda ranura 167, que se extiende a través de la parte inferior del trineo 160 y está definida por el borde proximalmente enfrentado o posterior 166b del espaciador 166 y el borde distal 162b de la brida 162. Específicamente, el borde delantero 153a (figura 10) de la extensión superior 151 hace tope contra el borde posterior del espaciador 166b y el borde posterior 153b (figura 10) de la extensión superior 151 hace tope contra el borde distal 162b de la brida 162 para asegurar axialmente el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 al trineo 160 y en posición axial dentro de éste.
El borde delantero 166a del espaciador 166 funciona dentro y a lo largo de la ranura 282 del conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 para guiar positivamente el trineo 160 a lo largo de una trayectoria de grapado y corte ideal, de preferencia central y axialmente a través del tejido 400. Así, tras el movimiento distal del trineo 160 para eyectar sujetadores quirúrgicos 500, el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150, dispuesto de forma segura dentro del trineo 160, se desplaza a lo largo de la ranura 282 del conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 y corta secuencialmente tejido 400 entre las dos filas 232a y 232b de los sujetadores formados 500 (véase la figura 11A). Como se explica con mayor detalle a continuación con respecto a las figuras 12 y 13, el extremo distal del trineo 160 puede incluir aberturas 169a y 169b para recibir un elemento flexible alargado adecuado, por ejemplo un cable 900, que, tras el movimiento del mismo, hace avanzar el trineo 160 para formar los sujetadores quirúrgicos 500 y cortar tejido 400.
Como se pone más claramente de manifiesto en la figura 10, el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 incluye una parte superior 157 que tiene una abertura transversal 154, con un pasador 159 que puede montarse o que está montado en ella, un soporte central o extensión hacia arriba 151 y una brida inferior sustancialmente en forma de T 152, que, como se describe anteriormente, cooperan entre ellos para retener deslizablemente el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 a lo largo de una trayectoria de corte ideal durante el movimiento longitudinal y distal del trineo 160. El borde de corte delantero 155, un filo 155a de bisturí, está dimensionado para cabalgar dentro de la ranura 282 del conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 y separar el tejido 400 una vez grapado. Se contempla que el borde delantero 155 del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 pueda estar serrado, biselado o ranurado para facilitar el corte del tejido. Más particularmente, se contempla que la combinación de la fuerza de cierre mejorada como resultado del material de calibre pesado del conjunto de yunque 110 junto con el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 descrito anteriormente, diseñado o posicionado de forma singular (o el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150’’ de la figura 14), permita un corte preciso del tejido 400 cuando el borde delantero 155 se hace avanzar a través del tejido 400. Debe apreciarse también que el elemento de leva superior no necesita ser un pasador, sino que puede ser cualquier superficie o superficies de leva adecuadas sobresaliente hacia fuera, integrales o retirables. Esto mismo se aplica a la brida inferior 152, que puede ser cualquier superficie de leva adecuada, incluyendo un pasador o un pasador retirable o un botón para facilitar el montaje del elemento de sujeción dinámica en el trineo 160 o en el conjunto de canal 120.
Se contempla también que la resistencia de la configuración de movimiento de leva superior e inferior del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150, en combinación con la resistencia incrementada del conjunto de yunque 110 (es decir, hecho a partir de un acero inoxidable quirúrgico de calibre pesado), impide también que el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 corte verticalmente fuera de línea o se pandee y elimina la necesidad de poner en voladizo el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 cuando éste se mueve a través del tejido 400. En otras palabras, utilizando preferentemente un material de calibre pesado para el conjunto de yunque 110 (y, posiblemente, para el conjunto de canal 120) y utilizando superficies superior e inferior sustancialmente alineadas, en contacto deslizante, del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 (el pasador 159 y la brida inferior 152) para funcionar entre el conjunto de yunque 110 y el conjunto de canal 120 en coincidencia vertical sustancial, las fuerzas normales asociadas al grapado y corte del tejido 400 son suficientemente opuestas, manteniendo así un intersticio máximo consistente y sustancialmente uniforme en el área de grapado y corte entre las superficies de contacto de tejido opuestas (es decir, la superficie 231 del cartucho de grapas y la superficie inferior 114b del yunque) durante los procesos de grapado y corte. Además, la provisión de material de calibre pesado para el conjunto de yunque 110 y la disposición del pasador 159 y la brida inferior 152 funcionan también para aproximar o sujetar adicionalmente el tejido en un punto distal con respecto al elemento de sujeción dinámica 150, lo que fuerza la salida de fluido del tejido 400 para mejorar adicionalmente los procesos de grapado y corte. Se contempla que puedan utilizarse superficies de leva deslizantes superior e inferior alternativas para alcanzar un resultado similar, por ejemplo placas, carriles, cojinetes de bolas, etc.
A partir de lo expuesto anteriormente y haciendo referencia a los diversos dibujos de las figuras, los expertos en la materia apreciarán que pueden introducirse también ciertas modificaciones en la presente exposición sin apartarse del alcance de la presente exposición. Por ejemplo, el conjunto de herramienta anteriormente descrito 100 puede ser parte de una unidad de carga desechable (DLU) o incorporarse a ésta, tal como se describe en la patente US nº 6.330.965, o bien puede sujetarse directamente al extremo distal de cualquier dispositivo de grapado quirúrgico conocido. Puede seleccionarse un conjunto de mango para activar el elemento o elementos de aproximación entre una variedad de mecanismos de accionamiento, incluyendo palancas acodadas, botones giratorios y deslizables, palancas o gatillos pivotables y cualquier combinación de los mismos. Se contempla también la utilización del conjunto de herramienta anteriormente descrito 100 como parte de un sistema robótico.
Se contempla también que puedan utilizarse muchos accionadores diferentes para hacer avanzar el trineo 160 a través del tejido 400. Por ejemplo, se contempla que el conjunto de herramienta 100 (o uno de los subconjuntos asociados al mismo, es decir, el conjunto de canal 120 o el conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 o el conjunto de yunque 110) pueda incluir una o más poleas para hacer avanzar el trineo 160 a través del tejido 400 a fin de grapar y cortar el mismo.
Por ejemplo, como se muestra en la figura 12A, un par de cables, cuerdas, hilos o bandas o correas 700a, 700b puede alimentarse distalmente por el conjunto de cartucho 200 o el conjunto de canal 120 a través o alrededor de pasadores respectivos, cabestrantes o poleas 600a, 600b y pasar proximalmente hacia el trineo 160 y sujetarse a éste. Alternativamente y como se muestra en la figura 12B, una única correa puede sustituir las correas 700a y 700b y puede pasar a través de las aberturas 169a y 169b en el extremo distal del trineo 160 o pasar hacia dentro de un intersticio 163 y alrededor y detrás de un pasador 610 que está montado a través de las aberturas 169a y 169b.
Uno o más pasadores 610 pueden disponerse dentro del trineo 160 de tal manera que una fuerza proximal “F” en las bandas correspondientes 700a y 700b haga avanzar el trineo 160 distalmente para eyectar y formar grapas 500 contra el conjunto de yunque 110 y cortar el tejido 400. Se contempla que la banda o la correas puedan realizarse a partir de un material de alta resistencia comercializado bajo la marca Kevlar® u otras fibras o materiales sintéticos disponibles para utilización generalizada en las técnicas industriales y adecuados para esta utilización quirúrgica pretendida. Como puede apreciarse, utilizando un sistema de pasador o polea doble, según se muestra esquemáticamente en la figura 12, se mantiene el equilibrio de las fuerzas proximalmente accionadas “F” a cada lado del conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 cuando el trineo 160 se mueve a través del tejido 400. Como puede apreciarse también, esto asegura un grapado y corte uniformes y consistentes del tejido 400 por el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150.
La figura 13 muestra un posible sistema de accionamiento adecuado para activar el collar de presujeción 140 con la finalidad de forzar el conjunto de yunque 110 a cerrarse con relación al conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200. Más particularmente, puede utilizarse un cable 900 para mover el collar de presujeción 140 distalmente hasta y sobre la superficie de leva 115 para cerrar el yunque 110 con relación al conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 y comprimir el tejido 400. Preferentemente, el cable 900 se sujeta al collar de presujeción 140 en un punto 149 o cerca de éste y es alimentado a través de un paso en el conjunto de yunque 110 (o debajo de una parte proximal del conjunto de yunque 110) y se le alimenta proximalmente a través del vástago 20. El accionamiento del cable 900 en la dirección “C” fuerza al collar de presujeción 140 distalmente contra la superficie de leva 115 para cerrar el conjunto de yunque 110 con relación al conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200. Un mecanismo de retorno, por ejemplo un resorte, un sistema de cable o similar (no representado), puede utilizarse para devolver el collar de presujeción 140 a una orientación de presujeción que reabra el conjunto de yunque 110.
La figura 14 muestra una realización alternativa de un collar de sujeción dinámica 150’’ que incluye una parte superior 157’’ que presenta una abertura transversal 154 dentro de la cual puede montarse o está montado el pasador 159, una extensión hacia arriba 151 y una brida inferior sustancialmente en forma de T 152’’, que, como se describe de manera similar anteriormente con respecto a la figura 10, cooperan una con otra para retener deslizablemente el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150’’ a lo largo de una trayectoria de corte ideal durante el movimiento longitudinal distal del trineo 160. El borde de corte delantero 155’’ de la hoja de bisturí 155a’’ está dimensionado para estar montado dentro de la ranura 282 del conjunto de cartucho de grapas 200 y separar el tejido 400 una vez grapado.
Se contempla que la combinación de la fuerza de cierre mejorada como resultado del material de calibre pesado del conjunto de yunque 110, junto con el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150’’ diseñado de forma singular, permita un corte preciso del tejido 400 cuando el borde delantero 155’’ avanza a través del tejido 400. Se contempla también que la resistencia de la configuración de movimiento de leva inferior y superior del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150’’, en combinación con la resistencia incrementada del conjunto de yunque 110 (es decir, realizado en un acero inoxidable quirúrgico de calibre pesado), impide también que el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150’’ corte verticalmente fuera de línea o se pandee y elimina la necesidad de disponer en voladizo el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150’’ cuando éste se mueve a través del tejido 400. En otras palabras, utilizando preferentemente un material de calibre pesado para el conjunto de yunque 110 y alineando sustancialmente las superficies de contacto deslizante superior e inferior en coincidencia vertical, el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150’’ cabalga entre el conjunto de yunque 110 y el conjunto de canal 120 en coincidencia vertical sustancial y las fuerzas asociadas al grapado y corte del tejido 400 son suficientemente opuestas, manteniendo así una intersticio máximo consistente y sustancialmente uniforme en el área de grapado y corte entre las superficies de contacto de tejido opuestas 231 y 114b durante los procesos de grapado y corte.
El elemento de sujeción dinámica 150, 150’’ de esta exposición es una mejora de elementos de sujeción conocidos. Puesto que las superficies de leva superior e inferior son sustancialmente opuestas, es decir, están sustancialmente alineadas en dirección vertical, las fuerzas a las que éstas se someten durante su funcionamiento son sustancialmente sólo fuerzas de tracción. En consecuencia, el diseño del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 lo hace significativamente fuerte y significativamente resistente al pandeo. Por consiguiente, es improbable que el borde de corte 155 se pandee. Además, puesto que el borde de corte 155 para cortar tejido está también sustancialmente alineado con las superficies de leva superior e inferior 159 y 152, la fuerza de cierre del elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 se imparte más cerca del borde de corte y, preferentemente, más alineada con éste. Esto mejora la acción de corte del borde de corte.
La utilización preferida de un collar de sujeción 140 para presujetar, es decir, aproximar inicialmente el conjunto de yunque 110 y el conjunto de cartucho 200, en combinación con la utilización de un elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 para sujetar posteriormente, de preferencia sujetar adicionalmente, es decir, aproximar más, los conjuntos de yunque 110 y cartucho 200, proporciona diversas ventajas. Mejora la estabilización y compresión del tejido. Durante la presujeción y aproximación, el collar de sujeción 140 estrangula, es decir, preestrangula tejido, entre las superficies respectivas de contacto con tejido o enfrentadas del conjunto de yunque 110 y del conjunto de cartucho 120 y distalmente a lo largo de éstas. Durante la sujeción y aproximación posteriores, preferentemente adicionales, con el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 se cree que existe menos fluido y menos flujo de fluido en el tejido en el área de la sujeción adicional. Esto mejora la obtención de un intersticio de tejido uniforme y una mejor formación de grapas a lo largo del conjunto de herramienta 100. Con menos flujo de fluido en el área del grapado y durante éste, las patas de las grapas golpean más precisamente sus receptáculos de grapa 111 en la superficie de formación del yunque 110. Las ventajas de la presujeción y posterior sujeción se mejoran adicionalmente por la utilización de un conjunto de yunque 110 de calibre más pesado y fuerte, por ejemplo debido a que hay menos tendencia del extremo distal del conjunto de yunque 110 a arquearse hacia fuera alejándose del conjunto de cartucho 200. Asimismo, el efecto de estrangulamiento sobre el tejido durante la presujeción y la sujeción es más pronunciado, incrementándose así desde el centro hasta el extremo distal del conjunto de yunque 110. En consecuencia, el fluido del tejido es forzado más distalmente hacia fuera hasta y más allá del extremo distal del conjunto de yunque 110 y el conjunto de herramienta 100. Esto reduce el flujo de fluido en el área del grapado y durante éste con el elemento de sujeción dinámica 150. Además de los beneficios expuestos anteriormente, esto reduce la necesidad de poner en voladizo la fuerza de leva por delante del elemento de sujeción 150 y permite que la superficie de leva superior, el pasador 159, se disponga efectivamente en alineación sustancialmente vertical, lo que significa que por lo menos alguna parte de las superficies de leva superior e inferior 159, 152 están verticalmente alineadas. Así, la disposición y el procedimiento más preferidos consisten en presentar un collar de sujeción 140 para realizar una presujeción y un elemento de sujeción dinámica 150 para realizar una sujeción adicional efectuándose cada una de estas sujeciones sobre un conjunto de yunque 110 fuerte o, preferentemente, muy fuerte.
La presente descripción se refiere también a un procedimiento de grapar tejido que no forma parte de la invención e incluye las etapas que consisten en proporcionar una grapadora que presenta un conjunto de herramienta en un extremo distal del mismo, incluyendo el conjunto de herramienta un conjunto de canal para soportar un cartucho de grapas que presenta una pluralidad de grapas, y un yunque dimensionado que tiene, por ejemplo, receptáculos conformados para deformar la pluralidad de grapas eyectadas desde el cartucho de grapas contra ellos. El conjunto de herramienta incluye también un trineo que es móvil desde una primera posición hasta una posición posterior para forzar la pluralidad de grapas hacia fuera del cartucho de grapas a través del tejido y contra el yunque, y un elemento de sujeción dinámica que se desplaza con el trineo. El elemento de sujeción dinámica incluye una primera interfaz mecánica que se acopla de manera deslizable al yunque y una segunda interfaz mecánica que se acopla deslizablemente al conjunto de canal. Las primera y segunda interfaces mecánicas del elemento de sujeción dinámica están en coincidencia sustancial vertical una con relación a otra para oponerse a las fuerzas expansivas asociadas a la sujeción, el grapado y, si se acopla un bisturí al elemento de grapado dinámico, el corte del tejido.
El procedimiento incluye asimismo las etapas que consisten en: aproximar y agarrar tejido entre las superficies opuestas del yunque y el cartucho de grapas; sujetar el yunque y el cartucho de grapas en una posición alrededor del tejido; y activar la grapadora para hacer avanzar el trineo y el elemento de sujeción dinámica distalmente con el fin de eyectar las grapas desde el cartuchos de grapas con la finalidad de deformarlas contra el yunque para sujetar el tejido y para cortar a continuación el tejido a lo largo de una trayectoria de corte predeterminada. La etapa de activación puede utilizar el elemento de sujeción dinámica sustancialmente superior e inferior para aproximar adicionalmente las superficies opuestas del conjunto de yunque y el cartucho de grapas en puntos progresivamente móviles que son distales con respecto al bisturí durante la traslación del elemento de sujeción dinámica.
Aunque la presente grapadora quirúrgica y los diversos conjuntos asociados a la misma se han descrito haciendo referencia a las formas de realización preferidas, resultará evidente para los expertos en la materia a la que ésta pertenece que pueden introducirse cambios y modificaciones en las mismas sin apartarse del alcance de las 5 reivindicaciones. Aunque se han representado en los dibujos y se han descrito en la presente memoria varias formas de realización de la exposición, no se pretende que la exposición se limite a las mismas, ya que se intenta que la exposición sea tan amplia en su alcance como lo permita la técnica y que se interprete así la memoria. Por tanto, la descripción anterior no deberá interpretarse como limitativa, sino únicamente como ejemplificaciones de las formas de realización preferidas. Resultarán evidentes para los expertos en la materia otras modificaciones comprendidas
10 en el alcance de las reivindicaciones adjuntas a la presente memoria.
Claims (6)
- REIVINDICACIONES1. Conjunto de herramienta (100) que comprende:un conjunto de yunque (110) y un conjunto de cartucho (200), presentando el conjunto de cartucho (200) una pluralidad de grapas y siendo móvil en relación con el conjunto de yunque (110) entre una posición abierta y una posición aproximada, definiendo el conjunto de cartucho (200) y el conjunto de yunque (110) un intersticio de tejido en la posición aproximada, presentando el conjunto de yunque (110) una ranura (112) que se extiende desde un extremo proximal del conjunto de yunque (110) hasta un extremo distal del yunque, presentando la ranura (112) una parte dependiente y una parte superior transversal;un collar de sujeción (140) ubicado adyacente al extremo proximal del conjunto de cartucho (200) y al conjunto de yunque (110) y que es móvil desde una primera posición hasta una segunda posición con el fin de efectuar un movimiento del conjunto de yunque (110) en relación con el conjunto de cartucho (200) desde la posición abierta hacia la posición aproximada; yun elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) ubicado de manera móvil en relación con el conjunto de yunque (110) y el conjunto de cartucho (200), siendo móvil el elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) desde una primera posición hasta una segunda posición y siendo una primera interfaz mecánica (159) del elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) longitudinalmente móvil en vaivén dentro de la parte superior de la ranura (112) en el conjunto de yunque (200), estando dimensionada la parte superior de la ranura (112) para recibir de manera deslizante la primera interfaz mecánica (159),en el que el elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) incluye una segunda interfaz mecánica (152) que se acopla al conjunto de cartucho (200) de manera que puede deslizar, estando las primera y segunda interfaces mecánicas (159, 152) del elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) en coincidencia sustancialmente vertical una con relación a la otra para oponerse a las fuerzas expansivas asociadas a la sujeción y el grapado de tejido.
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- 2.
- Conjunto de herramienta (100) según la reivindicación 1, en el que la pluralidad de grapas están alineadas en una pluralidad de filas lineales.
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- 3.
- Conjunto de herramienta (100) según la reivindicación 1 ó 2, que incluye además un trineo (160) que es móvil con el elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) a través del conjunto de cartucho (200) desde una primera parte hasta una parte subsiguiente para eyectar funcionalmente la pluralidad de grapas desde el conjunto de cartucho (200) a través del tejido y contra el conjunto de yunque (110) para grapar el tejido dispuesto entre el conjunto de yunque (200) y el conjunto de cartucho (110).
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- 4.
- Conjunto de herramienta (100) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, en el que la primera interfaz mecánica (159) comprende un pasador transversal.
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- 5.
- Conjunto de herramienta (100) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, en el que el elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) incluye una parte superior para soportar la primera interfaz mecánica (159).
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- 6.
- Conjunto de herramienta (100) según la reivindicación 5, en el que la parte superior del elemento de sujeción dinámica (150) es recibida en la parte dependiente de la ranura (112).
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| ES06025701T Expired - Lifetime ES2364448T3 (es) | 2002-10-04 | 2003-10-06 | Grapadora quirúrgica con articulación universal y dispositivo de sujeción previa del tejido. |
| ES10007933.4T Expired - Lifetime ES2612128T3 (es) | 2002-10-04 | 2003-10-06 | Grapadora quirúrgica con articulación universal y sujeción previa de tejidos |
| ES06013920T Expired - Lifetime ES2310876T3 (es) | 2002-10-04 | 2003-10-06 | Grapadora quirurgica con articulacion universal y dispositivo de sujecion previa del tejido. |
| ES16173306T Expired - Lifetime ES2719677T3 (es) | 2002-10-04 | 2003-10-06 | Grapadora quirúrgica con sujeción previa de tejidos |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (8) | US7726537B2 (es) |
| EP (12) | EP1545334B1 (es) |
| JP (2) | JP4398865B2 (es) |
| AU (2) | AU2003282721B2 (es) |
| CA (2) | CA2500825C (es) |
| DE (4) | DE60335312D1 (es) |
| ES (12) | ES2379225T3 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2004032763A2 (es) |
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- 2003-10-06 CA CA2500825A patent/CA2500825C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2003-10-06 US US10/529,799 patent/US7726537B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2007
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2008
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2013
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2018
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