ES2384371T3 - Sistema de retención de apoyo de grapas - Google Patents
Sistema de retención de apoyo de grapas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2384371T3 ES2384371T3 ES10157592T ES10157592T ES2384371T3 ES 2384371 T3 ES2384371 T3 ES 2384371T3 ES 10157592 T ES10157592 T ES 10157592T ES 10157592 T ES10157592 T ES 10157592T ES 2384371 T3 ES2384371 T3 ES 2384371T3
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- support
- support material
- anvil
- jaw
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Abstract
Grapadora quirúrgica (10) que presenta un sistema de retención del material de apoyo que comprende: - un mango (12); - un elemento alargado (14) que se extiende distalmente desde el mango (12); - un conjunto de mordazas (16) que incluye una primera mordaza y una segunda mordaza, incluyendo por lo menos una de entre la primera y segunda mordazas un cartucho de grapas (22) y definiendo unas bolsas de grapas (92, 94) para retener las grapas; y - un material de apoyo (24, 26) que presenta una parte central (80, 120) y una parte periférica (82, 118) que incluye una línea de perforación circunferencial (78, 116) que conecta de manera separable la parte central (80, 120) con la parte periférica (82, 118), estando fijada la parte periférica (82, 118) a una superficie enfrentada al tejido de por lo menos una de entre la primera y segunda mordazas, siendo la parte central (80, 120) separable de la parte periférica (82, 118) tras haber disparado las grapas; y que comprende además un retenedor de apoyo (28, 30) que presenta una parte central abierta (52) y que está fijado por lo menos a una de entre la primera y segunda mordazas, estando la parte periférica (82, 118) del material de apoyo (24, 26) firmemente agarrada por el retenedor de apoyo (28, 30) a dicha superficie.
Description
Sistema de retención de apoyo de grapas.
- 1.
- Campo técnico
La presente divulgación se refiere a la aplicación de materiales de apoyo utilizados en la unión de tejidos del cuerpo y sistemas de fijación para fijar materiales de apoyo a instrumentos quirúrgicos. Más particularmente, la presente divulgación se refiere a unos sistemas y procedimientos destinados a fijar temporalmente materiales de apoyo de líneas de grapas al yunque o al cartucho que contiene las grapas de un instrumento de grapado quirúrgico.
- 2.
- Antecedentes de la técnica relacionada
Los dispositivos de grapado quirúrgico son utilizados por los cirujanos para aplicar de forma secuencial o simultánea una o más filas de elementos de sujeción, por ejemplo grapas, o elementos de unión de dos piezas, al tejido del cuerpo con el propósito de unir segmentos del tejido del cuerpo juntos. Los dispositivos de este tipo están constituidos por un par de mordazas o estructuras en forma de dedo entre las cuales se coloca el tejido del cuerpo que se va a unir. Cuando se acciona el dispositivo de grapado, o "se dispara", un elemento o elementos de disparo entran en contacto con los elementos de accionamiento de las grapas en una de las mordazas. Los elementos de accionamiento de las solapas empujan las grapas quirúrgicas a través del tejido del cuerpo y al interior de un yunque en una mordaza opuesta que dobla hacia dentro las grapas cerradas. Si el tejido se va a extraer o separar, se puede proporcionar una hoja de cuchilla en las mordazas del dispositivo para cortar el tejido entre las líneas de grapas.
Cuando se grapan tejidos enfermos relativamente delgados o frágiles, se puede utilizar un apoyo para cerrar herméticamente la línea de grapas contra la fuga de aire o de fluidos. Adicionalmente, un apoyo se puede utilizar para reforzar la línea de grapas contra el tejido para evitar desgarros en el tejido o tirar de las grapas a través del tejido. Una capa de material de apoyo se coloca contra el tejido y el tejido se grapa de la manera convencional. Es conocido colocar el material de apoyo en el propio instrumento de grapado antes de grapar el tejido. Un ejemplo ejemplificativo de esto se da a conocer en la patente americana US nº 5.542.594 de McKean et al. En el documento de McKean et al el material de apoyo se desliza sobre las mordazas de la grapadora. La grapadora es accionada para grapar el tejido del sujeto y sujetar el material de apoyo entre el tejido y la línea de grapas para reforzar el tejido y la línea de grapas.
Sería deseable proporcionar un sistema de fijación de una cantidad limitada de material de apoyo a un instrumento quirúrgico, de tal modo que el material esté localizado en las mordazas del instrumento quirúrgico. También sería deseable proprocionar un sistema de fijación de material de apoyo a un instrumento quirúrgico que facilite la liberación del material de apoyo del instrumento quirúrgico. Adicionalmente, mientras el procedimiento dado a conocer en el documento de McKean resulta útil para procesos quirúrgicos abiertos, sería deseable proporcionar un sistema de fijación de material de apoyo a las mordazas de un instrumento endoscópico. Sería además deseable proporcionar un sistema de fijación del material de apoyo al yunque y al cabezal que contiene las grapas de un instrumento de grapado quirúrgico circular.
El documento US 2003/0120284 da a conocer un aparato para aplicar un material de apoyo a una grapadora quirúrgica. El aparato requiere el uso de un elemento de tipo tarjeta, que soporta el material de apoyo. El material de apoyo es arrastrado desde el elemento de tipo tarjeta al sujetar las mordazas de la grapadora quirúrgica alrededor del material de apoyo. Es posible arrancar el material de apoyo del elemento de tipo tarjeta porque el material de apoyo incluye una línea de perforación que se extiende hacia el borde más externo del material de apoyo.
La presente invención se refiere a la reivindicación 1. El instrumento quirúrgico incluye un mango y un elemento alargado que se extiende distalmente del mango. Un conjunto de mordazas está montado en el extremo distal del elemento alargado e incluye un yunque y un cartucho que contiene grapas. Un retenedor de apoyo, provisto de un centro abierto, está colocado por lo menos parcialmente en el interior del cartucho que contiene las grapas de tal modo que el retenedor de apoyo acopla por fricción con el cartucho que contiene las grapas. El material de apoyo está colocado entre el cartucho que contiene las grapas y el retenedor de apoyo. El cartucho que contiene las grapas incluye un canal exterior provisto de unos bordes elevados y un inserto que contiene las grapas colocado en el interior del canal exterior. El retenedor de apoyo se acopla por fricción con los bordes elevados del cartucho que contiene las grapas.
En una forma de realización, el inserto incluye una muesca lateral y el retenedor incluye una pata dependiente de tal modo que la pata dependiente se apoye en la muesca lateral y acopla por fricción con el canal exterior. En una forma de realización, el retenedor es un anillo circular para utilizarlo con un instrumento de grapado quirúrgico circular mientras en una forma de realización alternativa el retenedor es rectangular para utilizarlo con un instrumento de grapado quirúrgico lineal. En una forma de realización alternativa, por lo menos un extremo del retenedor incluye una muesca configurada para ser cortada por una cuchilla del instrumento quirúrgico.
El material de apoyo incluye una línea de perforación circunferencial que separa una parte central del material de apoyo de una parte periférica de material de apoyo, de tal modo que la parte central pueda ser grapada en el tejido mientras la parte exterior permanece en el cartucho que contiene las grapas.
También se da a conocer el sistema para la sujeción de un material de apoyo al yunque de un instrumento quirúrgico. Un retenedor de apoyo está configurado para deslizar sobre el yunque de tal modo que el retenedor de apoyo retiene de forma que se pueda liberar por lo menos una parte del material de apoyo contra el yunque. El retenedor de apoyo incluye un primer carril y un segundo carril configurados para deslizar sobre los bordes del yunque. El primer carril incluye una primera pata provista de un primer labio dirigido hacia dentro configurado para acoplarse en el borde de yunque. En una forma de realización, la primera pata es flexible. El retenedor de apoyo adicionalmente incluye una parte central abierta. En una forma de realización específica, el material de apoyo incluye una línea de perforación circunferencial.
Asimismo, se da a conocer un sistema alternativo para la fijación de un material de apoyo al yunque de un instrumento quirúrgico. Un retenedor de apoyo está configurado para acoplar el yunque en un modo de ajuste a presión, de tal modo que el retenedor de apoyo retiene de forma que se pueda liberar el material de apoyo contra el yunque. El retenedor de apoyo incluye por lo menos una pata flexible provista de un resalte dirigido hacia dentro configurado para acoplarse con un borde de yunque.
En una forma de realización, el yunque está configurado para utilizarlo con un instrumento quirúrgico de grapado circular. En esta forma de realización particular, dicha por lo menos una pata flexible y el resalte dirigido hacia dentro están configurados para acoplarse con un reborde de una tapa del yunque.
En una forma de realización alternativa, el yunque está configurado para ser utilizado con un instrumento quirúrgico de grapado lineal.
El material de apoyo incluye una línea de perforación circunferencial que permite que una parte central del material de apoyo sea grapado al tejido mientras el resto del material de apoyo permanece con el yunque y el retenedor de apoyo.
Descripción de los dibujos
En la presente memoria, se dan a conocer diversas formas de realización de los sistemas actualmente dados a conocer para la fijación de materiales de apoyo de líneas de grapas a un instrumento quirúrgico de grapado haciendo referencia a los dibujos, en los cuales:
la figura 1 es una vista en perspectiva de un instrumento quirúrgico de grapado que incorpora un sistema para la fijación de materiales de apoyo de líneas de grapas;
la figura 2 es una vista en perspectiva del extremo distal del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado de la figura 1;
la figura 3 es una vista en perspectiva, con piezas separadas, de sistema de fijación del yunque y el material de apoyo;
la figura 4 es una vista en sección transversal tomada a lo largo de la línea 4-4 de la figura 2;
la figura 5 es una vista en perspectiva del extremo distal del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado de la figura 1;
la figura 6 es una vista en perspectiva, con piezas separadas, de una forma de realización de un sistema de fijación del cartucho de grapas y el material de apoyo;
la figura 7 es una vista en perspectiva de una lámina de material de apoyo configurada para su utilización con el sistema ilustrado en la figura 6;
la figura 8 es una vista en sección transversal tomada a lo largo de la línea 8-8 de la figura 5 que ilustra una forma de realización de un sistema de fijación;
la figura 9 es una vista en sección transversal similar a la figura 8 que ilustra una forma de realización alternativa de un sistema de fijación;
la figura 10 es una vista en perspectiva del extremo distal del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado en posición sobre un tejido tubular;
la figura 11 es una vista en sección transversal de una sección del tejido capturado entre un yunque y un cartucho de grapas del instrumento quirúrgico de la figura 1;
la figura 12 es una vista en sección transversal que muestra el accionamiento inicial del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado de la figura 1;
la figura 13 es una vista en perspectiva del extremo distal del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado y las secciones grapadas del tejido;
la figura 14 es una vista en sección transversal de la sección grapada del tejido tomada a lo largo de la línea 14-14 de la figura 13;
la figura 15 es una vista en perspectiva de un instrumento de grapado circular según una forma de realización de un sistema de fijación del material de apoyo;
la figura 16 es una vista en perspectiva, con piezas separadas, del extremo distal del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado circular de la figura 15;
la figura 17 es una vista lateral, parcialmente representada en sección, del extremo distal del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado circular de la figura 15 colocado en una sección de tejido tubular;
la figura 18 es una vista lateral que ilustra el yunque del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado circular fijado al cabezal que contiene la grapadora del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado circular;
la figura 19 es una vista lateral que muestra el yunque y el cabezal que contiene las grapas aproximado;
la figura 20 es un área a mayor escala de la vista en detalle de la figura 19;
la figura 21 es una vista en detalle que muestra el accionamiento del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado circular; y
la figura 22 es una vista en perspectiva, parcialmente representada en sección, de las secciones grapadas del tejido tubular.
Las formas de realización de los sistemas de fijación del material de apoyo dadas a conocer actualmente para su utilización con instrumentos quirúrgicos se describirán en detalle a continuación haciendo referencia a los dibujos en los que números iguales designan elementos idénticos o correspondientes en cada una de las diversas vistas. Como es común en la técnica, el término "proximal" se refiere a la pieza o componente más próximo al usuario o al operario, es decir al cirujano o al médico, mientras el término "distal" se refiere a aquella pieza o componente más alejado del usuario.
Haciendo referencia a continuación a la figura 1, se da a conocer un instrumento quirúrgico de grapado lineal o grapadora quirúrgica 10 para su utilización en el grapado de tejido y la aplicación de capas de material de apoyo entre las grapas y el tejido subyacente. Un ejemplo de este tipo de instrumento quirúrgico de grapado se da a conocer en la patente US nº 7.044.353. La grapadora quirúrgica 10 generalmente incluye un mango 12 provisto de un elemento tubular alargado 14 que se extiende distalmente desde el mango 12. Un conjunto de mordazas 16 está montado en un extremo distal 18 del elemento tubular alargado 14. El conjunto de mordazas 16 incluye un yunque que forma la grapa 20 y un cartucho que contiene un cartucho o cartucho de grapas 22. El cartucho de grapas 22 puede estar permanentemente añadido al elemento tubular alargado 14 o se puede desmontar y por tanto sustituir con un nuevo cartucho de grapas 22. El yunque de remachado de las grapas 20 está montado de forma móvil en el extremo distal 18 del elemento tubular alargado 14 y es móvil entre una posición abierta separada del cartucho de grapas 22 hasta una posición cerrada sustancialmente adyacente al cartucho de grapas 22.
El yunque que forma las grapas 20 está provisto de una capa de material de apoyo del yunque 24 y un cartucho de grapas 22 está provisto de una capa de material de apoyo del cartucho 26 de la manera como se describe a continuación en la presente memoria. El tipo de material de apoyo en el yunque 20 puede ser igual o diferente del tipo de material de apoyo en el cartucho de grapas. Un retenedor de apoyo del yunque 28 está provisto para sujetar de forma que se pueda liberar material de apoyo del yunque al yunque que forma las grapas 20. De forma similar, un retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30 está provisto para sujetar de forma que se pueda liberar el material de apoyo del cartucho 26 al cartucho de grapas 22. El material de apoyo del yunque 24 y el material de apoyo del cartucho 26 están previstos para reforzar, cerrar herméticamente o sostener de otro modo líneas de grapas aplicadas a un tejido mediante una grapadora quirúrgica 10.
La grapadora quirúrgica 10 incluye un disparador 32 montado de forma móvil en un mango 12. El accionamiento del disparador 32 inicialmente funciona para desplazar el yunque 20 desde la posición abierta a la cerrada con relación al cartucho de grapas 22 y a continuación accionar la grapadora quirúrgica 10 para aplicar líneas de grapas al tejido. Para orientar apropiadamente el conjunto de mordazas 16 con relación al tejido que se va a grapar, la grapadora quirúrgica 10 está adicionalmente provista de un pomo de giro 34 montado en el mango 12. El giro del pomo de giro 34 con relación al mango 12 gira el elemento tubular alargado 14 y el conjunto de mordazas 16 con relación al mango 12 de modo que orienta apropiadamente el conjunto de mordazas 16 con relación al tejido que se va a grapar.
Haciendo referencia a la figura 2, un accionamiento 36 está previsto para desplazar el yunque 20 entre las posiciones abierta y cerrada con relación al cartucho de grapas 22. El accionamiento 36 se desplaza a través de una ranura longitudinal 38 formada en el yunque 20. Una hoja de cuchilla (no representada) está asociada con el accionamiento 32 para cortar el tejido capturado entre el yunque 20 y el cartucho de grapas 22 cuando el accionamiento 36 pasa a través de la ranura 38.
El yunque 20, el material de apoyo del yunque 24 y el retenedor de apoyo del yunque 28 se combinan para formar un sistema de fijación de apoyo del yunque 40 que permite que un material de apoyo 24 sea sostenido y añadido de forma que se pueda liberar al yunque 20. De forma similar, el cartucho de grapas 22, el material de apoyo del cartucho 26 y el retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30 se combinan para formar un sistema de fijación de apoyo del cartucho 42 que permite que el material de apoyo del cartucho 26 sea sostenido y añadido de forma que se pueda liberar al cartucho de grapas 22. El sistema de fijación del apoyo del yunque 40 y el sistema de fijación del apoyo del cartucho 42 están particularmente configurados para permitir que los respectivos materiales de apoyo estén localizados en superficies enfrentadas hacia dentro del yunque 20 y del cartucho de grapas 22 a fin de facilitar el paso de la grapadora quirúrgica 10 al interior del cuerpo de un paciente sin el riesgo de desgarrar o arrugar los respectivos materiales de apoyo cuando la grapadora quirúrgica 10 es insertada y manipulada en el interior del cuerpo de un paciente.
Haciendo referencia a la figura 3, a fin de desplazar el yunque 20 entre las posiciones abierta y cerrada, el yunque 20 incluye un borde proximal en ángulo o en pendiente 44 configurado para ser acoplado por el accionamiento 36 a fin de llevar el yunque 20 a la posición cerrada. La ranura 38 se extiende distalmente desde el borde en pendiente 44 y termina en una ranura transversal 46 la cual está configurada para capturar el accionamiento 36 en el momento de una actuación completa de la grapadora quirúrgica 10, para evitar cualquier actuación adicional de la grapadora quirúrgica 10. Para fijar las grapas provistas por el cartucho de grapas 22 alrededor de los tejidos y los materiales de apoyo, el yunque 20 está provisto de filas que se extiende longitudinalmente de bolsas de remachado de las grapas 48 colocadas a cada lado de la ranura longitudinal 38. Mientras sólo una única fila de bolsas de remachado de las grapas 48 se ilustra a cada lado de la ranura 38, se considera que múltiples filas o filas alternadas al tres bolillo de bolsas de remachado de las grapas 48 estén previstas en el yunque 20.
Haciendo referencia todavía a la figura 3, el sistema de fijación del apoyo del yunque 40, que incluye el yunque 20, el material de apoyo del yunque 24 y el retenedor de apoyo del yunque 28 se describirán a continuación. El material de apoyo para el cartucho de grapas 22 o el yunque 20 puede estar fabricado a partir de cualquier material biocompatible natural o sintético. El material a partir del cual está formado el material de apoyo puede ser absorbible biológicamente o no absorbible biológicamente. Por supuesto, se debe entender que cualquier combinación de materiales naturales, sintéticos, biológicamente absorbibles y no absorbibles biológicamente puede ser utilizada para formar el material de apoyo.
Algunos ejemplos no limitativos de materiales a partir de los cuales se puede fabricar el material de apoyo pueden incluir pero no están limitados a ellos poli (ácido láctico), poli (ácido glicólico), poli (hidroxibutirato), poli (fosfazina), poliésteres, polietileno glicoles, óxidos de polietileno, poliacrilamidas, polihidroxietilmetilacrilato, polivinilpirrolidona, alcoholes de polivinilo, ácido poliacrílico, poliacetato, policaprolactona, polipropileno, poliésteres alifáticos, gliceroles, poli (amino ácidos), copoli (éter-esteres), oxalatos de polialquilenos, poliamidas, poli(iminocarbonatos), oxalatos de polialquileno, polioxaesteres, poliortoesteres, polifosfacenos y copolímeros, copolímeros de bloque, homopolímeros mezclas y combinaciones de los mismos.
En formas de realización, se utilizan polímeros biológicos naturales en la formación del material de apoyo. Polímeros biológicos naturales adecuados incluyen, pero no están limitados a ellos, colágeno, gelatina, fibrina, fibrinógeno, elastina, queratina, albúmina, hidroxietil celulosa, celulosa, hidroxipropil celulosa, carboxietil celulosa, chitisan, chitosan y combinaciones de los mitos. Además, los polímeros biológicos naturales se pueden combinar con cualquier otro material polimérico descrito en este documento para producir el material de apoyo.
El material de apoyo puede ser poroso o no poroso, o combinaciones de capas porosas y no porosas. Donde el material de apoyo no es poroso, el material de apoyo puede retardar o evitar el crecimiento del tejido desde los tejidos de alrededor actuando de ese modo como una barrera de adherencia y evitando la formación de tejido cicatrizante indeseado. Por lo tanto, en formas de realización, el material de apoyo posee propiedades antiadherencia. Las técnicas para la formación de capas no porosas a partir de los materiales de este tipo están dentro del ámbito de los expertos en la materia e incluyen, por ejemplo, la fundición, el moldeado y similares.
En formas de realización, el material de apoyo es poroso y posee propiedades hemostáticas. Donde el material de apoyo es poroso, tiene orificios o poros sobre por lo menos una parte de la superficie del mismo. Materiales adecuados para la formación de la capa porosa incluyen, pero no están limitados a ellos, las espumas (por ejemplo, espumas de celda abierta o cerrada). En formas de realización, los poros pueden estar en un número y un tamaño suficientes como para interconectar a través del grosor entero de la capa porosa. En otras formas de realización, los poros no están interconectados entre el grosor entero de la capa porosa. En todavía otras formas de realización, los poros no se extienden a través del grosor entero de la capa porosa, sino que están presentes en una parte de la superficie de la misma. En formas de realización, los orificios o poros están colocados en una parte de la superficie de la capa porosa, con otras partes de la capa porosa estando provistas de una textura no porosa. Los expertos en la materia, al leer la presente divulgación, considerarán otros modelos y configuraciones de distribución de los poros para la capa porosa.
Donde el material de apoyo es poroso, los poros se pueden formar utilizando cualquier procedimiento adecuado para la formación de espuma o esponja que incluyen, pero no están limitados a ellos, la liofilización o la desecacióncongelación de una composición. Técnicas adecuadas para la formación de espumas están dentro del ámbito de los expertos en la materia. Los materiales de apoyo porosos pueden ser por lo menos de 0,2 cm de grueso, en formas de realización desde aproximadamente 0,3 hasta aproximadamente 1,5 cm de grueso. Los materiales de apoyo porosos pueden presentar una densidad de no más de aproximadamente 75 mg/cm2 y, en formas de realización por debajo de aproximadamente 20 mg/cm2. El tamaño de los poros en los materiales de apoyo porosos puede ser desde aproximadamente 20 μm hasta aproximadamente 300 μm, en formas de realización desde aproximadamente 100 μm hasta aproximadamente 200 μm.
El material de apoyo también puede incluir un elemento de refuerzo. El elemento de refuerzo puede estar asociado con una capa porosa o no porosa o puede estar colocado entre una capa no porosa y una capa porosa de material de apoyo. Alternativamente, el elemento de refuerzo puede estar colocado enteramente en el interior de una o más de las capas individuales (esto es, embebido en el interior de la capa porosa, la capa no porosa, o en ambas) del material de apoyo. Además, se considera que el elemento de refuerzo pueda estar colocado en la superficie de una de las capas que componen el material de apoyo y, en formas de realización, puede estar colocado en una superficie exterior del material de apoyo.
Algunos ejemplos adecuados no limitativos de elementos de refuerzo incluyen tejidos, mallas, monofilamentos, trencilla de múltiples filamentos, fibras troceadas (algunas veces referidas en la técnica como fibras cortadas) y combinaciones de los mismos. Cuando el elemento de refuerzo es una malla, puede estar preparada utilizando cualquier técnica conocida por los expertos en la materia, tales como género de punto, entretejido, encaje, puntilla y similares. Cuando se utilizan trencillas de monofilamento o de múltiples filamentos como el elemento de refuerzo, las trencillas monofilamento o de múltiples filamentos pueden estar orientadas de cualquier manera deseada. Por ejemplo, las trencillas de monofilamento o de múltiples filamentos pueden estar colocadas de forma aleatoria unas con respecto a las otras dentro del material de apoyo. Como otro ejemplo, las trencillas de monofilamento o de múltiples filamentos pueden estar orientadas en una dirección común dentro del material de apoyo. Cuando se utilizan fibras troceadas como el elemento de refuerzo, las fibras troceadas pueden estar orientadas de cualquier manera deseada. Por ejemplo, las fibras troceadas pueden estar orientadas de forma aleatoria o pueden estar orientadas en una dirección común. Las fibras troceadas por lo tanto pueden formar un material no tejido, tal con una manta o un fieltro. Las fibras troceadas pueden estar unidas juntas (por ejemplo, mediante fusión por calor) o pueden estar sin unir entre sí. Las fibras troceadas pueden ser de cualquier longitud adecuada. Por ejemplo, el troceado puede estar comprendido entre 0,1 mm y 100 mm de longitud, en formas de realización, de 0,4 mm hasta 50 mm de longitud. En una forma de realización ilustrativa, el material de apoyo tiene fibras troceadas orientadas de forma aleatoria que no han sido fundidas previamente juntas embebidas en el interior del material de apoyo.
Se considera que el elemento de refuerzo pueda estar formado a partir de cualquier material natural o sintético bioabsorbible, o no bioabsorbible anteriormente descrito en este documento y combinaciones de los mismos. Cuando se utilizan trencillas de monofilamento o de múltiples filamentos como el elemento de refuerzo, cualquier material de sutura comercialmente disponible ventajosamente se puede utilizar como el elemento de refuerzo.
En formas de realización, por lo menos un agente bioactivo puede estar combinado con el material de apoyo o cualquiera de los componentes individuales (la capa porosa, la capa no porosa o el elemento de refuerzo) utilizado para construir el material de apoyo. En estas formas de realización, el material de apoyo también puede servir como un vehículo para suministrar el agente bioactivo. La expresión "agente bioactivo" como se utiliza en la presente memoria, se utiliza en un sentido amplio e incluye cualquier sustancia o mezcla de sustancias que tengan utilización clínica. Por consiguiente, los agentes bioactivos pueden tener o no tener actividad farmacológica por sí mismos, por ejemplo, un tinte o una fragancia. Alternativamente, un agente bioactivo puede ser cualquier agente que provea un efecto terapéutico o profiláctico, un compuesto que afecte o participe en el crecimiento del tejido, el crecimiento de las células, la diferenciación de las células, un compuesto antiadhesivo, un compuesto que pueda ser capaz de provocar una acción biológica tal como por ejemplo una respuesta inmune, o puede jugar cualquier otro papel en uno o más procesos biológicos.
Ejemplos de clases de agentes bioactivos los cuales pueden ser utilizados según la presente revelación incluyen antiadhesivos, antimicrobianos, analgésicos, antipiréticos, anestésicos, antipilépticos, antihistamínicos, antiinflamatorios, fármacos cardiovasculares, agentes de diagnóstico, simpatomiméticos, colinomiméticos, antimuscarínicos, antiespasmódicos, hormonas, factores del crecimiento, relajantes musculares, bloqueadores neuro andrenérgicos, antineoplásticos, agentes inmunogénicos, inmunosupresores, fármacos gastrointestinales, diuréticos, esteroides, lípidos, lipopolisacáridos, polisacáridos y enzimas. También se considera que se puedan utilizar combinaciones de agentes bioactivos.
Los agentes antiadhesivos o antiadherencia pueden ser utilizados para evitar la adherencia que se forma entre el material de apoyo y los tejidos que lo rodean opuestos al tejido objetivo. Algunos ejemplos de estos agentes incluyen, pero no están limitados a ellos, poli(vinilo pirrolidona), carboximetil celulosa, ácido hialúrico, óxido de polietileno, alcoholes de polivinilo y combinaciones de los mismos.
Agentes antimicrobianos adecuados los cuales pueden ser incluidos como un agente y bioactivo en el material de apoyo de la presente revelación incluyen triclosán, también conocido como 2,4,4'-tricloro-2'-hidroxidifenil éter, clorhexidina y sus sales incluyendo acetato de clorhexidina, gluconato de clorhexidina, hidrocloruro de clorhexidina, y sulfato de clorhexidina, plata y sus sales, incluyendo acetato de plata, benzoato de plata, carbonato de plata, citrato de plata, yodato de plata, yoduro de plata, lactato de plata, laurato de plata, nitrato de plata, óxido de plata, palmitato de plata, proteína de plata y sulfadiacina de plata, polimixina, tetraciclina, aminoglicosidos, tales como tobramicina y gentamicina, rifampicina, bacitracina, neomicina, cloramfenicol, miconazola, quinolonas, tales como ácido oxilínico, norfloxacina, ácido nalidíxico, pefloxacina, enoxacina y ciprofloxacina, penicilinas tales como oxacilina y pipracil, nonoxinol 9, ácido fusídico, cefalosporinas y combinaciones de las mismas. Además, proteínas y péptidos antimicrobianos tales como lactoferrina bovina y lactoferricina B pueden ser incluidos como un agente bioactivo en el recubrimiento bioactivo de la presente revelación.
Otros agentes bioactivos los cuales pueden ser incluidos como un agente bioactivo en el material de apoyo según la presente revelación incluyen: anestésicos locales; agentes antifertilidad no esteroideos; agentes parasimpatomiméticos; tranquilizantes; descongestionantes; sedantes hipnóticos; esteroides; sulfonamidas; agentes simpatomiméticos; vacunas; vitaminas; antimalariales; agentes antimigraña; agentes antiparkinson, tales como Ldopa; antiespasmódicos; agentes anticolinérgicos (por ejemplo, oxibutinina); antitusivos; broncodilatadores; agentes cardiovasculares tales como vasodilatadores coronarios y nitroglicerina; alcaloides; analgésicos; narcóticos tales como codeína, dihidrocodeinona, meperidina, morfina y similares; no narcóticos, tales como salicilatos, aspirina, acetaminofen, d-propoxifeno y similares; antagonistas receptores opioides, tales como naltrexona y naloxona; agentes anticáncer; anticonvulsivos; antieméticos; antihistaminas; agentes antiinflamatorios tales como agentes hormonales, hidrocortisona, prednisolona, prednisona, agentes no hormonales, alopurinol, indometacina, fenilbutazona y similares; prostaglandinas y fármacos citotóxicos; estrógenos; antibacterianos; antibióticos; antihongos; antivirales; anticoagulantes; anticonvulsivos; antidepresivos; antihistaminas; y agentes inmunológicos.
Otros ejemplos de agentes bioactivos adecuados los cuales pueden ser incluidos en la composición de recubrimiento incluyen virus y células, péptidos, polipéptidos y proteínas, análogos, muteinas y fragmentos activos de los mismos, tales como inmunoglobulinas, anticuerpos, citoquinas (por ejemplo, linfoquinas, monoquinas, quemoquinas), factores coagulantes de la sangre, factores hemopoiéticos, interleuquinas (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6), interferones (β-IFN, (α-IFN y γ-IFN), eritropoietina, nucleasas, factor de necrosis de tumores, factores de estimulación de colonias (por ejemplo, GCSF, GM-CSF, MCSF), insulina, agentes antitumorales y supresores de tumores, proteínas de la sangre, gonadotropinas (por ejemplo, FSH, LH, CG, etc.), hormonas y análogos a las hormonas (por ejemplo, hormona del crecimiento), vacunas (por ejemplo, antígenos tumorales, bacteriales y virales); somatostatina; antígenos; factores de coagulación de la sangre; factores del crecimiento (por ejemplo, factor del crecimiento de los nervios, factor del crecimiento del tipo insulina); inhibidores de las proteínas, antagonistas de las proteínas, y agonistas de las proteínas; ácidos nucleicos, tales como moléculas antisentido, ADN y ARN; oligonucleotidos; polinucleotidos; y ribozimas.
Haciendo referencia todavía a la figura 3, se describirá a continuación el sistema de fijación de apoyo del yunque 40, que incluye el yunque 20, el material de apoyo del yunque 24 y el retenedor de apoyo del yunque 28. Haciendo referencia a las figuras 3 y 4, como se representa, el retenedor de apoyo 28 está configurado para retener de forma que se pueda liberar el material de apoyo 24 contra la cara del yunque 20. El retenedor de apoyo 28 está configurado para deslizar o colocarse rápidamente sobre el yunque 20 para retener el material de apoyo 24. El retenedor de apoyo 28 incluye un marco 50 que define un área central abierta 52 a través de la cual pasan las grapas asociadas con el cartucho de grapas 22. El marco 50 incluye un extremo distal 54 y un extremo proximal 56. El primer y segundo lados 58 y 60, respectivamente, se extienden entre el extremo distal 54 y el extremo proximal
56. Una primera pata 62 pende del primer lado 58 e incluye un primer labio dirigido hacia dentro 64. De forma similar, una segunda pata 66 pende del segundo lado 60 e incluye un segundo labio dirigido hacia dentro 68. El primer lado 58, la primera pata 62 y el primer labio 64 forman un primer carril 70 para recibir el yunque 20 y el segundo lado 60, la segunda pata 66 y el segundo labio 68 forman un segundo carril 72 para recibir el yunque 20.
El retenedor de apoyo del yunque 28 se añade al yunque 20 deslizando longitudinalmente el retenedor de apoyo del yunque 28 sobre el yunque 20 de tal modo que el primer carril 70 deslice sobre y se acople por fricción en el primer lado 74 del yunque 20 y el segundo carril 72 deslice sobre y se acople por fricción en el segundo lado 76 del yunque 20 atrapando de ese modo el material de apoyo del yunque entre el retenedor de apoyo del yunque 28 y el yunque
20. El material de apoyo del yunque 24 está expuesto a través de un centro abierto 52 al cartucho de grapas 22. El material de apoyo del yunque 24 es agarrado firmemente entre el yunque 20 y el retenedor de apoyo del yunque 28. El material de apoyo del yunque 24 está formado con una línea de perforación circunferencial 78 que permite que una parte central 80 del material de apoyo del yunque se arranque de una parte periférica 82 en el momento del grapado de la parte central 80 al tejido. La parte periférica 82 está capturada y retenida entre el yunque 20 y el retenedor de apoyo del yunque 28.
En una forma de realización alternativa, patas primera y segunda 62 y 66 pueden estar formadas suficientemente flexibles de modo que se ajusten a presión sobre el primer y segundo lados 74 y 76, respectivamente, del yunque 20 en oposición a ser deslizadas longitudinalmente sobre el yunque 20. El material de apoyo del yunque 24 es entonces capturado entre el yunque 20 y el retenedor de apoyo del yunque 28 en cualquiera de los procedimientos expuestos anteriormente en la presente memoria.
Haciendo referencia a la figura 5, como se ha indicado anteriormente en la presente memoria, un conjunto de mordazas 16 tienen un sistema de fijación del apoyo del cartucho 42 que incluye el cartucho de grapas 22 y el material de apoyo del cartucho 30 sujeto al cartucho de grapas 22 mediante el retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30. El cartucho de grapas 22 es un cartucho de grapas de tipo conocido y tiene un canal exterior globalmente en forma de U 84 y un inserto que contiene las grapas 86 colocado en el interior del canal exterior 84. En una forma de realización particular el canal exterior 84 está formado de plancha de metal estampada mientras el inserto que contiene las grapas 86 está formado a partir de material plástico.
Haciendo referencia ahora a la figura 6, el canal exterior 84 incluye un extremo proximal en forma de U 88 el cual permite que el cartucho de grapas 22 se fije de forma que se pueda quitar al elemento tubular alargado 14. El inserto que contiene las grapas 86 incluye una ranura alargada colocada centralmente 90 para el paso de una cuchilla asociada con la grapadora quirúrgica 10. Adicionalmente, el inserto que contiene las grapas 86 incluye filas de bolsas que contienen las grapas 92 y 94 que se extienden longitudinalmente colocadas a ambos lados de la ranura
90. Las bolsas 92 y 94 contienen grapas y empujadoras de grapas de una manera descrita con más detalle a continuación en la presente memoria. Además, el inserto que contiene las grapas incluye ranuras que se extienden longitudinalmente 96 y 98, colocadas por debajo de las filas de las bolsas de grapas 92 y 94, para recibir los elementos de accionamiento de las grapas 100 y 102. El paso de los elementos de accionamiento de las grapas 100 y 102 por debajo de las bolsas que contienen las grapas 92 y 94 acciona las grapas contenidas en su interior fuera del inserto que contiene las grapas 86.
Para sujetar el retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30 al cartucho contiene las grapas 22, el canal exterior 84 incluye bordes elevados que se extienden longitudinalmente primero y segundo 104 y 106 configurados para capturar entre ellos el retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30. El retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30 incluye un extremo distante 108 y un extremo proximal 110. El primer y segundo lados 112 y 114 se extienden entre el extremo distal 108 y el extremo proximal 110. Cuando el retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30 se monta en el cartucho que contiene las grapas 22, el primer lado 112 se acopla por fricción con el primer borde elevado 104 mientras el segundo lado 114 se acopla por fricción con el segundo borde elevado 106 sujetando de ese modo firmemente el retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30 entre el primer y segundo bordes elevados 104 y 106 del canal exterior 84 del cartucho que contiene las grapas 22.
Haciendo referencia por el momento a la figura 7, similar al material de apoyo de las grapas 24 descrito anteriormente en la presente memoria, el material de apoyo del cartucho 26 está provisto de una línea de perforación circunferencial 116 que separa una parte periférica 118 de una parte central 120 del material de apoyo del cartucho 26.
Haciendo referencia otra vez a la figura 6, a fin de que una hoja de cuchilla (no representada), asociada con el instrumento de grapado quirúrgico 10, para cortar completamente el material de apoyo del cartucho 26, el extremo distal 108 del retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30 está provisto de una muesca 122 y el retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30 está configurado en la muesca 122 para ser cortado por la hoja de cuchilla. De forma similar, el extremo proximal 110 está provisto de una muesca 124 y el retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30 está configurado en la muesca 124 para ser cortado por una hoja de cuchilla durante el corte del material del apoyo del cartucho 26. El retenedor de apoyo del yunque 28 está configurado de forma similar para ser cortado por la hoja de cuchilla mientras permanece unido al yunque 20.
Haciendo referencia ahora a la figura 8, como se ha expuesto anteriormente en la presente memoria, el material de apoyo del cartucho 26 está fijado entre el retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30 y el inserto que contiene las grapas 86 del cartucho de grapas 22. En particular, la parte periférica 118 del material de apoyo del cartucho 26 está atrapada entre el primer lado 112 del retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30 y el inserto que contienen las capas 86. La parte central 120 del material de apoyo del cartucho 26 está libre para ser grapada al tejido y separada de la parte periférica 118 a lo largo de la línea de perforación 116. Como se representa, el primer lado 112 del retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30 está retenido con fricción por el primer borde elevado 104 del canal exterior 84.
Haciendo referencia por el momento a la figura 9, se ilustra un procedimiento alternativo de sujeción del retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 30 en el interior del cartucho de las grapas 22. En esta forma de realización, el inserto que contiene las grapas 86 incluye una muesca lateral 126 la cual está configurada para recibir una pata dependiente 128 que se extiende hacia abajo desde el primer lado 112 del retenedor del refuerzo del cartucho 30. Específicamente, la pata dependiente 128 está capturada entre el inserto que contiene las grapas 86 y un canal exterior 84. Similar a la forma de realización revelada en la figura 8, la parte periférica 118 del material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 está capturada entre el primer lado 112 y el inserto que contiene las grapas 86. La parte central 120 es libre de separarse a lo largo de la línea de perforación 116 después de que el tejido haya sido grapado.
Haciendo referencia ahora a las figuras 10 hasta 14, e inicialmente con respecto a las figuras 10 y 11, se describirá ahora la utilización de una grapadora quirúrgica 10 para grapar y dividir una sección de tejido tubular T. Inicialmente, un conjunto de mordazas 16, que incluye un yunque 20 y un cartucho que contienen grapas 22 están colocadas alrededor del tejido T que se va a grapar. El accionamiento 36 está en una posición proximal con relación a la ranura
38. Como se ve mejor en la figura 11, el inserto que contiene las grapas 86 incluye grapas 130 colocadas en el interior de bolsas de grapas 92. Las grapas 130 son de un tipo convencional e incluyen una extensión hacia atrás 132 provista de un par de patas 134 y 136 que se extienden desde la extensión hacia atrás 132. Las patas 134 y 136 terminan en puntas que penetran en el tejido 138 y 140. Impulsores 142 están ubicados en el interior de las bolsas de grapas 92 y están colocados entre las grapas 132 y la trayectoria de la barra de accionamiento 100.
Haciendo referencia ahora a la figura 11, una grapadora quirúrgica 10 es inicialmente accionada por el movimiento de un disparador 32 con relación al mango 12 (figura 1) que causa que el accionamiento 36 se desplace en la dirección de la flecha B y contra el borde en pendiente 44 del yunque 20 causando de ese modo que el yunque 22 se desplace a la posición cerrada con respecto al cartucho de las grapas 22. Como se ve mejor en la figura 12, a medida que la barra de accionamiento 100 avanza de forma distal en el interior del inserto que contiene las grapas 86, la barra de accionamiento 100 empuja a los impulsores 142 hacia arriba contra la extensión hacia atrás 132 de las grapas 130 dirigiendo las grapas en 30 a través del material de apoyo del cartucho 26, el tejido T, el material del apoyo del yunque 24 y hacia las bolsas que forman las grapas 48 en el yunque 20. Las puntas que penetran en el tejido 138 y 140 son dobladas en el interior de las bolsas de remachado de las grapas 48 para sujetar de ese modo el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 contra el tejido T mientras la extensión hacia atrás 132 sujeta el material de apoyo del cartucho 26 contra el tejido T.
Aunque no se representa específicamente, en el momento del accionamiento completo de la grapadora quirúrgica 10, una hoja de cuchilla asociada con la grapadora quirúrgica 10 y transportada por el accionamiento 36 corta el tejido T, así como el material de apoyo del yunque 24 y el material de apoyo del cartucho 26 entre las filas de las grapas ahora formadas 132. La parte periférica 82 del material de apoyo del yunque 24 se separa de la parte central 80 a lo largo de la línea de perforación 78. Además, la parte central 120 del material de apoyo del cartucho 26 se separa de la parte periférica 118 a lo largo de la línea de perforación 116 (figura 7) de la manera como ha sido descrito anteriormente en la presente memoria. Por lo tanto, las partes periféricas 82 y 118 permanecen con el yunque 20 y el cartucho de las grapas 22 cuando la grapadora quirúrgica 10 se desplaza alejándose del tejido T.
El tejido resultante T grapado cerrado con las grapas 130 se ilustra mejor en la figura 14. Específicamente, el material de apoyo del cartucho 26 está sujetado contra el tejido T por las extensiones hacia atrás 132 de las grapas 130 y el material de apoyo del yunque 24 se sujeta contra el tejido T mediante las puntas que penetran en el tejido formadas ahora 138 y 140 de las grapas 130. De esta manera, el material de apoyo del yunque 24 y el material de apoyo del cartucho 26 están grapados al tejido T cerrando herméticamente de ese modo o reforzando estas líneas de grapas creadas por las grapas 130.
Haciendo referencia ahora a las figuras 15-22, e inicialmente con respecto a la figura 15, se describirán ahora sistemas para fijar de forma que se puedan liberar materiales de apoyo a una grapadora quirúrgica circular. La grapadora quirúrgica circular 150 es de un tipo conocido que generalmente incluye un mango 152 provisto de un elemento alargado 154 que se extiende de forma distal del mango 152. Un cabezal o cartucho que contiene las grapas 156 está provisto en un extremo distal del elemento alargado 154. El cartucho que contiene las grapas 156 aloja grapas (no representadas) para la inserción a través del tejido. En particular, la grapadora quirúrgica 150 está configurada para aplicar una o más filas circulares de grapas para grapar juntas dos secciones de tejido tubular. Un yunque 160 está provisto para conformar las grapas con una forma cerrada alrededor del tejido. El yunque 160 incluye una tapa del yunque 162 que tiene un árbol del yunque 164 que se extiende de forma proximal desde la tapa de yunque 162. Un árbol 166 se extiende desde el elemento alargado 154 y está configurado para acoplar de forma que se pueda liberar el árbol del yunque 164. Un elemento de aproximación 168 está montado de forma giratoria en el mango 152 y está provisto para aproximar o desplazar el yunque 160 acercándolo y alejándolo del cartucho que contiene las grapas 156.
Un par de brazos 170 están montados de forma articulada en el mango 152 y están provistos para accionar la grapadora quirúrgica circular 150 de modo que expulsan las grapas (no representadas) fuera del cartucho que contiene las grapas 156. Un bloqueo 172 está provisto en el mango 152 para bloquear y evitar el accionamiento de la grapadora quirúrgica circular 150 antes de que el yunque 160 se haya aproximado adyacente al cartucho que contiene las grapas 156. La grapadora quirúrgica circular 150 está provista de un material de apoyo del yunque 174 añadido de forma que se pueda liberar a la tapa de yunque 162 y un material de apoyo del cartucho 176 provisto en el cartucho que contiene las grapas 156. El material de apoyo del yunque 174 y el material de apoyo del cartucho 176 sirven para reforzar o cerrar herméticamente una línea de grapas aplicadas a secciones de tejido tubular mediante una grapadora quirúrgica circular 150.
Haciendo referencia ahora a la figura 16, el cartucho que contiene las grapas 156 incluye una pluralidad de bolsas de grapas 178 que contienen grapas como se describe con más detalle a continuación en la presente memoria. Similar a aquello descrito antes en este documento con respecto al cartucho que contiene las grapas 22 de la grapadora quirúrgica 10, a fin de retener el material de apoyo del cartucho 176 en el cartucho que contiene las grapas 156, la grapadora quirúrgica circular está provista de un sistema que incluye un anillo o retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 180. El retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 180 está configurado para acoplarse por fricción con un borde exterior distal elevado 182 formado en el cartucho que contiene las grapas 156 para capturar de ese modo el material de apoyo del cartucho 176 entre el retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 180 y el cartucho que contiene las grapas 156. El material de apoyo del cartucho 176 está provisto de una línea de perforación circunferencial 184 la cual permite que una parte central del material de apoyo del cartucho 176 se separe del resto de material de apoyo capturado entre el cartucho que contiene las grapas 156 y el retenedor de apoyo del cartucho 180.
El yunque 160 incluye una pluralidad de bolsas que forman las grapas circunferencialmente separadas 186 formadas en una cara 188 de la tapa del yunque 162 y configuradas para formar las grapas después de que hayan sido dirigidas a través del tejido. La grapadora quirúrgica circular 150 está provista también de un sistema para retener el material de apoyo del yunque 174 contra el yunque 160. Está previsto un anillo circular o un retenedor de apoyo del yunque 190 que tiene un marco circular 192 y una pluralidad de patas o pinzas proximalmente enfrentadas 194, 196 y 198 las cuales están configuradas para acoplar un reborde 200 de la tapa del yunque 162. Específicamente, las pinzas 194, 196 y 198 están provistas de labios que se prolongan hacia dentro 202, 204 y 206 los cuales están configurados para acoplar el reborde 200 en un modo de ajuste a presión. El material de apoyo de yunque 174 está provisto de una línea de perforación circunferencial 208 la cual permite que una parte central del material de apoyo del yunque 174 sea grapada al tejido mientras se deja una parte exterior sujeta entre el retenedor de apoyo del yunque 190 y el yunque 160.
Como se representa, en una forma de realización, a fin de sujetar el yunque 160 a la grapadora 150, está provisto un adaptador 210. Un extremo proximal 212 del adaptador 210 está configurado para acoplar el árbol 166 de la grapadora quirúrgica circular 150. El adaptador 210 incluye un extremo distal en punta 214 configurado para perforar las secciones del tejido así como acoplar el árbol del yunque 164.
Haciendo referencia ahora a las figuras 15 y 17 a 22, e inicialmente con respecto a la figura 17, se describirá ahora la utilización de una grapadora quirúrgica circular 150 para conectar dos secciones de tejido tubular y material de apoyo aplicado. Inicialmente, el cartucho que contiene las grapas 156 está colocado en el interior de una primera sección del tejido tubular T1 de tal modo que el adaptador 210 se extiende más allá del tejido T1. Una sutura fruncida 216 se forma alrededor del tejido T1 y el adaptador 210 para formar una cara del tejido dirigida hacia dentro TF1. De forma similar, el yunque 160 se coloca en el interior de una segunda sección del tejido tubular T2 de tal modo que el árbol del yunque 164 se prolonga más allá de la sección del tejido T2 y se sujeta al mismo mediante una segunda sutura fruncida 218 que forma una segunda cara del tejido dirigida hacia dentro TF2. El adaptador 210 se inserta entonces en el interior del árbol del yunque 164 para conectar el cartucho que contiene las grapas 156 al yunque 160. (Figura 18)
Una vez el cartucho que contiene las grapas 156 ha sido conectado al yunque 160, el elemento de aproximación 168 en el mango 152 se gira para arrastrar el yunque 160 hacia el cartucho que contiene las grapas 156 y de ese modo llevar la primera cara del tejido TF1 a un acoplamiento a nivel con la segunda cara del tejido TF2 y en una posición para ser grapadas. (Véanse las figuras 1 y 19).
Haciendo referencia a las figuras 20 y 21, y como ha sido descrito anteriormente en la presente memoria, el cartucho que contiene las grapas 176 incluye una pluralidad de grapas 220. La grapadora quirúrgica circular 150 es accionada mediante la liberación de bloqueo 172 y los brazos de articulación 170 (figura 1) expulsando de ese modo las grapas 220 fuera del cartucho que contiene las grapas 156 y a través de las secciones del tejido. Específicamente, las grapas 220 pasan a través de la primera cara del tejido TF1, el material de apoyo del cartucho 176, la segunda cara del tejido TF2 y el material de apoyo del yunque 174. Las grapas 220 son remachadas cerradas alrededor del material de apoyo del yunque 174 mediante las bolsas de remachado 186 (figura 16).
Como se ve mejor en la figura 21, una vez los tejidos T1 y T2 han sido grapados juntos, el yunque 160 se separa del cartucho que contiene las grapas 156. El cartucho 176 se separa a lo largo de la línea de perforación circunferencial 184 y el material de apoyo del yunque 174 se separa a lo largo de la línea de perforación circunferencial 208.
Las secciones del tejido grapadas resultantes se ilustran claramente en la figura 22. Una vez las secciones del tejido han sido grapadas, una cuchilla circular (no representada) asociada con la grapadora quirúrgica circular 150 puede ser utilizada para recortar partes de las secciones del tejido grapado.
Se debe observar que los sistemas de fijación revelados permiten que los materiales de apoyo sean cargados previamente, esto es, colocados en la grapadora quirúrgica en el momento de la fabricación eliminando la necesidad de la instalación en la sala de operaciones. Adicionalmente, puesto que los materiales de apoyo generalmente están ubicados en las caras del yunque y del cartucho de las grapas, la grapadora quirúrgica puede ser fácilmente insertada a través de un dispositivo de acceso sin interferencia desde el material de apoyo. Los sistemas de fijación incluyen retenedores de apoyo del cartucho o retenedores de apoyo del yunque que deslizan sobre un instrumento quirúrgico, se colocan a presión sobre el instrumento, se adhieren al instrumento o se acoplan por fricción al instrumento o mediante cualquier combinación de los mismos. El instrumento puede incluir un retenedor para el cartucho, el yunque o para ambos.
La presente solicitud considera un instrumento quirúrgico provisto de un sistema de material de apoyo de retención que comprende un mango; un elemento alargado que se extiende distalmente desde el mango; un conjunto de mordazas montado adyacente al extremo distal del elemento alargado y que incluye una primera mordaza y una segunda mordaza; un material de apoyo colocado contra por lo menos una de la primera mordaza o de la segunda mordaza; y un retenedor de apoyo configurado para deslizar sobre la mordaza de tal modo que el retenedor de apoyo retiene de forma que se puede liberar el material de apoyo.
El retenedor de apoyo, en ciertas formas de realización preferidas, incluye una parte central abierta. El retenedor de apoyo puede incluir un primer carril y un segundo carril configurados para deslizar sobre el yunque. El primer carril puede incluir una primera pata provista de un primer labio dirigido hacia dentro. En ciertas formas de realización, es deseable que la primera pata sea flexible.
El material de apoyo incluye una línea de perforación circunferencial.
5 Se comprenderá que se pueden realizar diversas modificaciones a las formas de realización reveladas en este documento. Por ejemplo, los sistemas de retenedor del material de apoyo revelados pueden incorporar instrumentos de grapado quirúrgicos en abierto o endoscópicos. Además, el material de apoyo revelado puede incluir líneas de perforación centrales, o colocadas de otro modo, para facilitar la separación del material de apoyo del yunque o el cartucho que contiene las grapas asociado. Adicionalmente, la cantidad limitada de adhesivo puede ser utilizada
10 para fijar temporalmente el material de apoyo al yunque o al cartucho que contiene las grapas. Por lo tanto, la descripción anterior no debe ser considerada como limitativa, sino meramente como ejemplos de formas de realización particulares. Los expertos en la materia considerarán otras modificaciones dentro del ámbito de las reivindicaciones adjuntas.
Claims (13)
- REIVINDICACIONES1. Grapadora quirúrgica (10) que presenta un sistema de retención del material de apoyo que comprende:
- -
- un mango (12);
- -
- un elemento alargado (14) que se extiende distalmente desde el mango (12);
- -
- un conjunto de mordazas (16) que incluye una primera mordaza y una segunda mordaza, incluyendo por lo menos una de entre la primera y segunda mordazas un cartucho de grapas (22) y definiendo unas bolsas de grapas (92, 94) para retener las grapas; y
- -
- un material de apoyo (24, 26) que presenta una parte central (80, 120) y una parte periférica (82, 118) que incluye una línea de perforación circunferencial (78, 116) que conecta de manera separable la parte central (80, 120) con la parte periférica (82, 118), estando fijada la parte periférica (82, 118) a una superficie enfrentada al tejido de por lo menos una de entre la primera y segunda mordazas, siendo la parte central (80, 120) separable de la parte periférica (82, 118) tras haber disparado las grapas; y
que comprende además un retenedor de apoyo (28, 30) que presenta una parte central abierta (52) y que está fijado por lo menos a una de entre la primera y segunda mordazas, estando la parte periférica (82, 118) del material de apoyo (24, 26) firmemente agarrada por el retenedor de apoyo (28, 30) a dicha superficie. -
- 2.
- Grapadora quirúrgica (10) según la reivindicación 1, en la que el retenedor de apoyo (28, 30) incluye por lo menos una pata dependiente (62) para acoplarse por lo menos con una de entre la primera y segunda mordazas.
-
- 3.
- Grapadora quirúrgica (10) según la reivindicación 2, en la que por lo menos una pata dependiente (62) del retenedor de apoyo (28, 30) incluye un resalte dirigido hacia dentro (64) configurado para acoplarse con un borde lateral de una de entre la primera y segunda mordazas, para retener el borde de la correspondiente mordaza entre el resalte dirigido hacia dentro (64) y el retenedor de apoyo (28, 30).
-
- 4.
- Grapadora quirúrgica (10) según la reivindicación 3, en la que el resalte dirigido hacia dentro (64) de dicha por lo menos una pata dependiente (62) del retenedor de apoyo (28, 30) está adaptado para deslizarse sobre el borde de la mordaza correspondiente.
-
- 5.
- Grapadora quirúrgica (10) según la reivindicación 3, en la que el resalte dirigido hacia dentro (64) de dicha por lo menos una pata dependiente (62) del retenedor de apoyo (28, 30) está adaptado para ajustarse a presión sobre el borde de la mordaza correspondiente.
-
- 6.
- Grapadora quirúrgica (10) según la reivindicación 2, en la que dicha por lo menos una pata dependiente (62) está configurada para acoplarse con un borde elevado (104, 106) de una de entre la primera y segunda mordazas.
-
- 7.
- Grapadora quirúrgica (10) según la reivindicación 6, en la que dicha por lo menos una pata dependiente (62) se acopla por fricción con el borde elevado de la mordaza correspondiente.
-
- 8.
- Grapadora quirúrgica (10) según la reivindicación 1, en la que el retenedor de apoyo (28, 30) es un anillo circular (180).
-
- 9.
- Grapadora quirúrgica (10) según la reivindicación 1, en la que el retenedor de apoyo (28, 30) es un marco rectangular (28, 30).
-
- 10.
- Grapadora quirúrgica (10) según la reivindicación 1, en la que la primera y segunda mordazas incluyen cada una un material de apoyo (24, 26).
-
- 11.
- Grapadora quirúrgica (10) según la reivindicación 10, que comprende además un primer retenedor (28) para retener el material de apoyo (24) de la primera mordaza y un segundo retenedor de apoyo (30) para retener el material de apoyo (26) de la segunda mordaza, presentando cada uno de entre el primer y segundo retenedores de apoyo (28, 30) una parte central abierta y estando fijados a su correspondiente mordaza, siendo retenida la parte periférica (82, 118) de cada material de apoyo (24, 26) por su respectivo retenedor de apoyo (28, 30).
-
- 12.
- Grapadora quirúrgica (10) según la reivindicación 11, en la que el primer retenedor de apoyo (28) está retenido en la primera mordaza mediante el acoplamiento de un borde de la primera mordaza y el segundo retenedor de apoyo (30) está retenido en la segunda mordaza mediante ajuste por fricción contra un borde elevado de la segunda mordaza.
-
- 13.
- Grapadora quirúrgica (10) según la reivindicación 10, en la que el material de apoyo (24, 26) de la primera mordaza es distinto del material de apoyo (24, 26) de la segunda mordaza.
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|---|---|---|---|
| US807144 | 1997-02-27 | ||
| US11/807,144 US8038045B2 (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2007-05-25 | Staple buttress retention system |
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|---|---|
| ES2384371T3 true ES2384371T3 (es) | 2012-07-04 |
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ID=39577729
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| ES08251779T Active ES2358061T3 (es) | 2007-05-25 | 2008-05-22 | Sistema de retención de apoyo de grapas. |
| ES10157592T Active ES2384371T3 (es) | 2007-05-25 | 2008-05-22 | Sistema de retención de apoyo de grapas |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES08251779T Active ES2358061T3 (es) | 2007-05-25 | 2008-05-22 | Sistema de retención de apoyo de grapas. |
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| US (7) | US8038045B2 (es) |
| EP (2) | EP2215976B1 (es) |
| JP (2) | JP5371285B2 (es) |
| CN (2) | CN102370504B (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2008201935B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2631188C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE602008004380D1 (es) |
| ES (2) | ES2358061T3 (es) |
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2008
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- 2008-05-01 AU AU2008201935A patent/AU2008201935B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-05-21 JP JP2008133354A patent/JP5371285B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-22 ES ES08251779T patent/ES2358061T3/es active Active
- 2008-05-22 DE DE602008004380T patent/DE602008004380D1/de active Active
- 2008-05-22 ES ES10157592T patent/ES2384371T3/es active Active
- 2008-05-22 EP EP10157592A patent/EP2215976B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-05-22 EP EP08251779A patent/EP1994890B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-05-26 CN CN201110289750.1A patent/CN102370504B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-26 CN CN2008100981651A patent/CN101310680B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2011
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-
2012
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2013
- 2013-03-04 JP JP2013041721A patent/JP2013135897A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-05-08 US US13/889,531 patent/US9433412B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2016
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|---|---|
| US9433412B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 |
| US20110101070A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
| DE602008004380D1 (de) | 2011-02-24 |
| CN101310680B (zh) | 2012-04-11 |
| US9775618B2 (en) | 2017-10-03 |
| CA2631188A1 (en) | 2008-11-25 |
| EP1994890B1 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
| US8016177B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 |
| US20120012637A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
| CA2631188C (en) | 2016-06-28 |
| EP1994890A1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
| JP5371285B2 (ja) | 2013-12-18 |
| US20080290134A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
| US20130240601A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
| AU2008201935A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
| CN102370504A (zh) | 2012-03-14 |
| US8256654B2 (en) | 2012-09-04 |
| US8038045B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 |
| JP2013135897A (ja) | 2013-07-11 |
| CN102370504B (zh) | 2014-11-12 |
| US20110290852A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
| US20160345977A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 |
| JP2008289883A (ja) | 2008-12-04 |
| US8453910B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 |
| ES2358061T3 (es) | 2011-05-05 |
| EP2215976A1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
| US8210414B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 |
| EP2215976B1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
| US20120298721A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
| CN101310680A (zh) | 2008-11-26 |
| AU2008201935B2 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
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