ES2469805T3 - Sensor de pulsiox�metro con función a tramos - Google Patents
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- ES2469805T3 ES2469805T3 ES10011573.2T ES10011573T ES2469805T3 ES 2469805 T3 ES2469805 T3 ES 2469805T3 ES 10011573 T ES10011573 T ES 10011573T ES 2469805 T3 ES2469805 T3 ES 2469805T3
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- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 12
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012503 blood component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002496 oximetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002106 pulse oximetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012888 cubic function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007620 mathematical function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/08—Sensors provided with means for identification, e.g. barcodes or memory chips
- A61B2562/085—Sensors provided with means for identification, e.g. barcodes or memory chips combined with means for recording calibration data
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- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
Un sensor de oxímetro (15) que comprende: un emisor de luz (14) para dirigir luz a un paciente; un detector de luz (16) montado para recibir la luz proveniente de dicho paciente; y una memoria (12) que almacena coeficientes para su uso en al menos una fórmula para determinar la saturación de oxígeno, incluyendo dichos coeficientes al menos un primer conjunto de coeficientes y un segundo conjunto de coeficientes, donde el primer y el segundo conjunto de coeficientes se aplican a diferentes márgenes de valores de saturación de oxígeno.
Description
Sensor de pulsiox�metro con función a tramos
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN
[0001] La presente invención hace referencia a sensores de ox�metros que tienen memoria.
5 [0002] La pulsioximetr�a se utiliza normalmente para medir diversas características del flujo sanguíneo incluyendo, sin carácter limitativo, la saturación de oxígeno en sangre de la hemoglobina en la sangre arterial, y el ritmo de pulsaciones sanguíneas que corresponde a la frecuencia cardíaca de un paciente. La medición de estas características se ha logrado mediante el uso de un sensor no invasivo que hace pasar la luz a través de una parte del tejido del paciente donde la sangre perfunde el tejido, y detecta de manera fotoeléctrica la
10 absorción de luz en dicho tejido. La cantidad de luz absorbida se utiliza entonces para calcular la cantidad de componente de la sangre que se est� midiendo.
[0003] La luz que pasa a través del tejido se selecciona de forma que sea de una o más longitudes de onda que son absorbidas por la sangre en una cantidad representativa de la cantidad del componente de la sangre presente en la sangre. La cantidad de luz reflejada o transmitida pasada a través del tejido variar� según la
15 cantidad cambiante del componente de la sangre en el tejido y la absorción de luz relacionada. Para medir el nivel de oxígeno en sangre, dichos sensores se han provisto de fuentes de luz y fotodetectores que est�n adaptados para operar a dos longitudes de onda diferentes, según las técnicas conocidas para medir la saturación de oxígeno en sangre.
[0004] Se han propuesto diversos métodos en el pasado para codificar información en sensores, incluyendo
20 sensores de pulsiox�metro, para transmitir la información de utilidad a un monitor. Por ejemplo, se muestra un mecanismo de codificación en la patente estadounidense de Nellcor n� 4.700.708. Este mecanismo hace referencia a una sonda de oximetr�a óptica que utiliza un par de diodos emisores de luz (LEDs) para dirigir la luz a través del tejido perfundido por la sangre, con un detector que recoge la luz que no ha sido absorbida por el tejido. La operación depende del conocimiento de la longitud de onda de los LEDs. Puesto que la longitud de
25 onda de los LEDs puede variar de un dispositivo a otro, se sitúa una resistencia de codificación en el sensor siendo el valor de la resistencia el correspondiente a la longitud de onda real de al menos uno de los LEDs. Cuando el instrumento del ox�metro se enciende, determina primero el valor de la resistencia y as� los coeficientes de cálculo de la saturación adecuados para el valor de las longitudes de onda de los LEDs en la sonda.
30 [0005] Se han propuesto también otros mecanismos de codificación en las patentes estadounidenses n� 5.259.381, 4.942.877, 4.446.715, 3.790.910, 4.303.984, 4.621.643, 5.246.003, 3.720.177, 4.684.245, 5.645.059, 5.058.588, 4.858.615 y 4.942.877. La patente '877 en particular revela el almacenamiento de una variedad de datos en una memoria de un sensor de pulsioximetr�a, incluyendo los coeficientes para una ecuación de saturación para oximetr�a.
35 [0006] Los sensores de pulsiox�metros de Nellcor est�n codificados con un valor de resistencia (RCAL) que corresponde a la longitud de onda o longitudes de onda del/de los LED/-s en el emisor, como se describe en la patente n� 4.700.708. Los instrumentos de pulsiox�metro de Nellcor leen este valor de codificación de la resistencia y lo utilizan como un indicador a una tabla de consulta que contiene el conjunto adecuado de coeficientes para ese sensor para calcular la saturación de oxígeno arterial (SpO2). La función que convierte la
40 ratio R (también conocida como la "ratio de ratios" o "rat-rat") de modulación de la señal IR y rojo medida en un valor de saturación calculado se deriva de la forma básica de la ley de Lambert-Beer:
donde I1 e I2 se refieren a las señales de luz detectadas en dos puntos diferentes en el ciclo cardíaco, y βs se 45 refiere a las propiedades de absorción de la luz características de la hemoglobina oxigenada y desoxigenada. Cuando se resuelve para la saturación (S), el resultado toma la siguiente forma:
[0007] La ecuación 2 puede simplificarse más para requerir únicamente tres constantes (por ejemplo, dividiendo cada constante por c2), pero se usar� como se muestra para el resto de la descripción. Aunque se basen en la 5 teoría, las cuatro constantes c1-c4 se determinan de forma empírica. Los valores teóricos de las constantes son
insuficientes principalmente debido a la complejidad de dispersi�n de la luz y óptica del sensor. Los valores de los conjuntos de constantes (c1 hasta c4) varían con cada bin de codificación de la resistencia (cada "bin" corresponde a un margen de diferentes longitudes de ondas de LED caracterizadas). Se proporcionan múltiples conjuntos de coeficientes (bins) en una tabla de consulta en los ox�metros de Nellcor. Cuando los valores de
10 SpO2 calculados según la Ec. 2 son inferiores al 70%, se utiliza un valor revisado de SpO2 usando una función lineal:
15 donde ambos c5 y c6 varían con el valor de codificación de la resistencia. Se ha descubierto que esta función lineal ajusta mejor el SpO2 (la saturación de oxígeno arterial medida por el pulsiox�metro) con el SaO2 (el valor real de saturación de oxígeno arterial, medido directamente en una muestra de sangre) en observaciones realizada a bajas saturaciones.
[0008] Una limitación de este método es que la correcta calibración del sensor de pulsiox�metro puede lograrse
20 únicamente si la relación entre la ratio de modulación de la señal (R) y la SaO2 de la sangre se ajusta a uno de los conjuntos de coeficientes de calibración precodificados.
[0009] Otra limitación de este método es que la relación entre R y SaO2 del sensor de pulsiox�metr�a puede no ser lineal en un región de baja saturación, o que el punto de corte puede no estar situado de manera óptima en el 74% SpO2.
25 [0010] Otra limitación más del método de esta técnica precedente es que la relación funcional entre la verdadera saturación de oxígeno arterial y las señales medidas puede no ajustarse a una sola función en el espectro completo del margen de medición.
[0011] Además, el documento WO 93/06775 revela un sensor de ox�metro extracorporal que comprende un emisor de luz para dirigir luz al trayecto del torrente sanguíneo de un paciente; un detector de luz montado para
30 recibir la luz de dicho trayecto del torrente sanguíneo de un paciente; y una memoria que almacena diferentes fórmulas para determinar la saturación de oxígeno en diferentes margenes de valores de saturación de oxígeno.
SUMARIO DE LA INVENCIÓN
[0012] Se define un sistema según la invención en la reivindicación 1. En las reivindicaciones dependientes se definen algunas características preferidas.
35 [0013] La presente invención aprovecha una memoria en el sensor para proporcionar un rendimiento mejorado. Se almacenan múltiples conjuntos de coeficientes. Los múltiples conjuntos se aplican a diferentes márgenes de valores de saturación para proporcionar un mejor ajuste rompiendo la relación de R a SpO2 en diferentes trozos, descritos cada uno por una función diferente. Las diferentes funciones pueden ser también acordes a diferentes fórmulas respectivas para determinar la saturación de oxígeno.
40 [0014] El sensor también puede almacenar un punto de corte variable entre las dos funciones usadas para la saturación de oxígeno. Las dos funciones podrían ser bien fórmulas separadas o bien la misma fórmula con diferentes coeficientes. Esto permite la optimización a un valor diferente del valor de corte del 70% de la técnica precedente.
[0015] En otro aspecto de la presente invención, el sensor puede almacenar más de un punto de corte para crear más de dos funciones que describen la relación de R a SpO2.
[0016] En otro aspecto más de la presente invención, se utiliza una función spline, con corte de la relación de R a SpO2 en un número arbitrario de regiones.
[0017] En un modo de realización, los coeficientes almacenados en la memoria del sensor corresponden a una curva no lineal para valores de saturación bajos por debajo del 70% u otro(s) punto(s) de corte.
[0018] Cada uno de los métodos descritos aquí mejoran el ajuste entre la función matemática seleccionada y la saturación de oxígeno arterial cortando la relación en subconjuntos de el margen medido completo y determinando los coeficientes óptimos para cada margen. El ajuste de spline, en este contexto, corta de forma similar el margen de medición completo en subconjuntos para describir de forma eficiente la relación numérica entre el parámetro del tejido subyacente de interés y las señales reales que se usan para estimar su valor.
[0019] Para una mejor comprensión de la naturaleza y ventajas de la invención, se har� referencia a la siguiente descripción en conjunción con los dibujos adjuntos.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS
La Fig. 1 es un diagrama de bloques de un sistema de pulsiox�metro que incorpora la presente
invención.
La Fig. 2 es un gráfico de R (ratio de modulación de señal) frente a la saturación de oxígeno (SaO2).
La Fig. 3 es un diagrama de los contenidos de una memoria del sensor según la invención.
La Fig. 4 es un gráfico de saturación de oxígeno frente a R para ilustrar el modo de realización de
ajuste de spline o curva a un conjunto predefinido de nudos.
Las Figuras 5A, 5B, 6A y 6B son gráficos que ilustran el ajuste de curva mejorado de los modos de
realizaci�n de la invención frente a la técnica precedente.
DESCRIPCI�N DE LOS MODOS DE REALIZACIÓN ESPECÍFICOS
Monitor/lector de sensor
[0021] La Fig. 1 es un diagrama de bloque de un modo de realización de la invención. La Fig. 1 muestra un pulsiox�metro 17 (o lector de sensor) que est� conectado a un sensor no invasivo 15 unido al tejido del paciente
18. La luz de los LEDs 14 del sensor pasa por el tejido del paciente 18 y tras ser transmitida a través o reflejarse desde el tejido 18 la luz es recibida por un fotosensor 16. Se pueden usar dos o más LEDs dependiendo del modo de realización de la presente invención. El fotosensor 16 convierte la energía recibida en una señal eléctrica, que se introduce después en el amplificador de entrada 20.
[0022] Se pueden usar fuentes de luz distintas de los LEDs. Por ejemplo, se pueden usar l�seres, o podría usarse una fuente de luz blanca con filtros de longitud de onda adecuada bien en el extremo de transmisión o bien en el extremo de recepción.
[0023] La Unidad de Procesamiento de Tiempo (TPU, en inglés) 48 envía señales de control a la unidad de LED 32, para activar los LEDs, normalmente de forma alterna. De nuevo, según el modo de realización, la unidad puede controlar dos o cualquier número adicional de LEDs deseados.
[0024] La señal recibida del amplificador de entrada 20 se pasa a través de dos canales diferentes mostrados en el modo de realización de la Fig. 1 para dos longitudes de onda diferentes. De modo alternativo, podrían usarse tres canales para tres longitudes de onda diferentes, o N canales para N longitudes de onda. Cada canal incluye un conmutador analógico 40, un filtro de paso bajo 42, y una convertidor de analógico a digital (A/D) 38. Las líneas de control de la TPU 48 seleccionan el canal apropiado en el momento en el que el LED correspondiente 14 est� siendo accionado, en sincronización. Un módulo de series en cola (Queued Serial Module, QSM) 46 recibe los datos digitales de cada uno de los canales por medio de las líneas de datos 79. La CPU 50 transfiere los datos desde el QSM 46 a la RAM 52 a medida que el QSM 46 se llena periódicamente. En un modo de realización, el QSM 46, la TPU 48, la CPU 50 y la RAM 52 son parte de un circuito integrado, como un microcontrolador.
Memoria del sensor
[0025] El sensor 15, que incluye el fotodetector 16 y los LEDs 14, tiene un memoria 12 del sensor asociada al mismo. La memoria 12 est� conectada a la CPU 50 en el lector del sensor o monitor 17. La memoria 12 podría empacarse en un cuerpo del sensor 15 o en un enchufe eléctrico conectado al sensor.
5 [0026] La Fig. 2 es un ejemplo de un gráfico de la ratio de ratios (R) en el eje X frente a la saturación de oxígeno (SaO2) en el eje Y. Se muestra un punto de corte 52. En la técnica precedente, se predefinió el punto de corte del 70% en el software del monitor. A la derecha del punto de corte (saturaciones de oxígeno de entre 70-100%) se us� una fórmula con cuatro coeficientes. A la izquierda del punto de corte en la técnica precedente, se us� una ecuación lineal con dos coeficientes. La presente invención proporciona una mayor flexibilidad y exactitud
10 utilizando una fórmula no lineal de la parte de la curva a la izquierda del punto de corte 52. Mediante el uso de un chip de memoria en el propio sensor, es posible almacenar estos coeficientes en el chip de memoria, as� como los coeficientes separados para valores de saturación superiores.
[0027] En otro modo de realización de la invención, el punto de corte 52 puede almacenarse en el chip de memoria, y puede elegirse para optimizar el ajuste de curva para los dos conjuntos de coeficientes. En otras
15 palabras, puede obtenerse un mejor ajuste a las dos curvas si el punto de corte es 68%, por ejemplo. En un modo de realización alternativo, pueden usarse múltiples puntos de corte y curvas. Además, en lugar de usar la misma fórmula, pueden usarse fórmulas diferentes para las secciones diferentes en otro modo de realización.
[0028] La Fig. 3 ilustra los contenidos de la memoria del sensor 12 de la Fig. 1. Como se muestra, en una primera sección de la memoria 54 se almacena un primer conjunto de coeficientes. Una segunda parte de 20 memoria 56 almacena un segundo conjunto de coeficientes. Finalmente, en una tercera sección de memoria 58, se almacena el punto de corte 52. Se pueden almacenar diferentes combinaciones de estos elementos en diferentes memorias. Por ejemplo, podría excluirse el punto de corte de algunas, y en otras podría proporcionarse un punto de corte con solo un conjunto de coeficientes (con el otro conjunto de coeficientes en el monitor). Alternativamente, el punto de corte puede determinarse por un número modelo del sensor que se
25 almacena en la memoria, o algún otro valor de identificación.
Ecuaci�n β:
[0029] En un modo de realización, se utiliza una forma mejorada de la función curvilínea. En lugar de usar la Ec. 3 (lineal) en la región de saturación inferior, se usa la Ec. 2 (no lineal) para ambas las regiones de saturación superiores e inferiores. El punto de corte que define cuando cambiar los coeficientes de un conjunto de la región
30 superior a un conjunto de la región inferior se define mediante otro coeficiente. El punto de corte puede programarse bien como un valor de R, o bien como un valor de SpO2. Con el punto de corte definido como un valor de R, el algoritmo pasa a ser:
35 Ajuste de curva
[0030] El ajuste de curva a múltiples regiones sigue la misma metodología que el ajuste a una sola región. Dicho simplemente, los datos se dividen en regiones separadas y se determinan los coeficientes para cada región de forma separada. En el mercado hay programas de software disponibles, (por ejemplo, Mathcad, (Mathsoft, Inc, Cambridge, MA). El proceso también puede encontrarse en, por ejemplo, Data Reduction and Error Analysis for
40 the Physical Sciences (Philip Beviyton, McGraw-Hill, New York 1969, Ch. 11 -Least squares fit to an arbitraty function).
Ajuste de spline
[0031] Un modo de realización alternativo utiliza un ajuste de spline (curva), o interporlaci�n de orden superior o lineal a un conjunto prefedinido de SpO2 frente a valores de R ("nudos"). Un "nudo" es un término de la técnica 45 en el ajuste de spline que se refiere a un par x-y que corresponde a un nodo en una línea, con un número de dichos nudos definiendo la línea. El ajuste de spline es una técnica de interpolación.
[0032] Por ejemplo, los valores de R en valores específicamente definidos de SpO2 se almacenan en la memoria del sensor. Este sería un ejemplo de lo anterior:
5 SpO2= 100 95 90
[0033] Alternativamente, aunque de forma menos preferible, la variable independiente podría intercambiarse:
R = 0,5 0,6 0,7
SpO2 =x y z
a) Solo los valores en negrita (p.ej., a, b y c) necesitan almacenarse con valores espaciados preseleccionados y fijos de SpO2 (espaciados de forma equitativa o no). O, alternativamente, valores preseleccionados de R.
b) Un método alternativo almacena en la memoria del sensor los valores de SpO2 (mínimo) y SpO2
15 (máximo) del margen de spline, el número de nudos que estarán definidos, y la secuencia de valores definidos de R para estos nudos.
c) Otro método alternativo podría almacenar el SpO2 y el valor R asociado para cada nudo.
Para cada una de estas opciones, el instrumento usaría un algoritmo de ajuste de spline, preferiblemente un spline cúbico, para determinar el SpO2 en el valor de R medido según los valores almacenados (una alternativa
20 podría ser un algoritmo de interpolación de orden superior o lineal).
[0034] La Fig. 4 ilustra el método de spline cúbico. La Fig. 4 es un gráfico de saturación de oxígeno frente a R para un emisor de sensor concreto. Por lo tanto, en lugar de almacenar los coeficientes como en el método de la técnica precedente, los valores de la saturación de oxígeno o R reales se calculan y almacenan en la memoria del sensor para las características del sensor concreto (p.ej., longitudes de onda del emisor). Cuando el ox�metro
25 mide el nivel de señal del detector de luz, éste determina un valor de saturación de oxígeno determinando el punto en la curva asociado al valor de R calculado entre dos de los puntos de muestra mostrados en la Fig. 4.
[0035] Existe un equilibrio entre el número de nudos definidos y la cantidad de memoria requerida para almacenarlos. Muy pocos nudos requieren muy poca memoria de almacenamiento, pero pueden no describir de forma adecuada la relación funcional; demasiados definen en exceso la curva y consumen más memoria. Los
30 inventores han descubierto que los nudos espaciados un 5%-10% dan resultados adecuados.
C�lculo de spline cúbico:
[0036] El proceso de interpolación de spline cúbico es conocido para aquellos con experiencia en la técnica. Intrínseco al uso del método de spline es que el valor de R necesita determinarse primero antes de ser traducido a la SpO2. El proceso preferido de interpolación de spline puede lograrse usando las funciones proporcionadas
35 en Mathcad, y trata los puntos extremos con funciones cúbicas. Hay disponibles otras referencias para las interpolaciones de spline cúbico.
[0037] El proceso de encontrar las coordenadas de los nudos en datos empíricos con una cantidad significativa de ruido puede exigir un paso adicional. Los programas de ajuste de curva básicos disponibles en el mercado pueden usarse (sigmaPlot, o TableCurve, o Mathematical por ejemplo) para determinar la aproximación funcional 40 de mejor ajuste de los datos. Alternativamente, se puede llevar a cabo un ajuste de mínimos cuadrados de una función analítica seleccionada de forma arbitraria y escoger los valores de R en las localizaciones del nudo (valores de SaO2). La función analítica puede ser un polinomio a trozos que solapan (p.ej., lineal o parabólico), o
la ecuación curvilinea de Ec. 1 o Ec. 4. Otro enfoque es llevar a cabo una selección de mínimos cuadrados de los nudos directamente.
[0038] La Figura 5A muestra el ajuste de curva convencional de la técnica precedente, en el que se usa una relación lineal por debajo del 70% de saturación, con un enfoque curvilíneo por encima del 70%. El error residual debido al ajuste imperfecto del R real para la respuesta de SaO2 del enfoque curvilíneo por encima del 70% de
saturaci�n se ilustra mediante la curva 60, mientras que el error residual del enfoque de interpolación lineal por
5 debajo del 70% se ilustra mediante los puntos 62. La Figura 5B ilustra el uso de ajustes curvilíneos en ambas regiones, usando una curva curvilínea diferente 64 por debajo del 70%. En este ejemplo, se proporciona un ajuste muy mejorado. En ambas figuras, la línea de puntos más pequeña 66 corresponde al uso de un solo ajuste curvilíneo a lo largo de ambas regiones, que tampoco resulta tan exacto, teniendo una característica de error muy superior en comparación con las curvas de la invención, 64 y 60 de la Figura 5B.
10 [0039] La Figura 6A y 6B muestra una pluralidad de nudos como círculos 70 en los gráficos. La línea de puntos 72 de la Figura 6A ilustra un ajuste de interpolación lineal a estos nudos, que muestra un resultado propenso al error residual con múltiples curvas. En la Figura 6B, por otra parte, la presente invención que usa un método de ajuste de spline cúbico proporciona una línea de puntos 74 que presenta un ajuste más exacto a los nudos 70.
[0040] Como entenderán aquellos con experiencia en la técnica, la presente invención puede ponerse en
15 práctica en otros modos de realización específicos sin salir de las características esenciales de la misma. Por ejemplo, puede usarse cualquier función para las fórmulas para determinar la saturación de oxígeno, no solo las descritas. Para una memoria del sensor limitada, la representación de la función puede comprimirse. Puede utilizarse cualquier representación de una función. Los coeficientes de calibración pueden basarse en más o diferentes características además de la longitud o longitudes de onda de los LED del sensor. Por ejemplo, otras
20 características del emisor de LED o características del diseño del sensor pueden ser factores en los coeficientes de calibración del sensor.
[0041] Además, la fórmula para calcular la saturación de oxígeno puede ser una función de más de la ratio de ratios; por ejemplo, podrían usarse otras variables de entrada como la fuerza de la señal, niveles de luz y señales de múltiples detectores.
25 [0042] La descripción anterior pretende ser ilustrativa, pero no limitativa, del ámbito de la invención que se expone en las reivindicaciones siguientes.
Claims (6)
- Reivindicaciones1. Un sensor de ox�metro (15) que comprende: un emisor de luz (14) para dirigir luz a un paciente; un detector de luz (16) montado para recibir la luz proveniente de dicho paciente; y una memoria (12) que almacena coeficientes para su uso en al menos una fórmula para determinar la saturación de oxígeno, incluyendo dichos5 coeficientes al menos un primer conjunto de coeficientes y un segundo conjunto de coeficientes, donde el primer y el segundo conjunto de coeficientes se aplican a diferentes márgenes de valores de saturación de oxígeno.
- 2. El sensor de ox�metro(15) de la reivindicación 1, en el que dichos coeficientes dependen de una longitud de onda media de dicho emisor de luz (14).
- 3. El sensor de ox�metro (15) de la reivindicación 1 � 2, en el que dicha memoria (12) almacena además un 10 valor que indica un punto de corte de señal entra dichos primer y segundo conjunto de coeficientes.
-
- 4.
- El sensor de ox�metro (15) de cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en el que dicho primer y segundo conjunto de coeficientes se usan en fórmulas diferentes.
-
- 5.
- El sensor de ox�metro (15) de la reivindicación 6, en el que dichas diferentes fórmulas son fórmulas no lineales.
15 6. El sensor de ox�metro (15) de la reivindicación 5, en el que dichas diferentes fórmulas son fórmulas lineales. - 7. El sensor de ox�metro (15) de cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en el que al menos un tercer conjunto de coeficientes es almacenado en dicha memoria (12) para un tercer margen de dichos valores de saturación.
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| US19810900P | 2000-04-17 | 2000-04-17 | |
| US198109P | 2000-04-17 |
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| ES10011573.2T Expired - Lifetime ES2469805T3 (es) | 2000-04-17 | 2001-04-16 | Sensor de pulsiox�metro con función a tramos |
| ES01925056T Expired - Lifetime ES2392818T3 (es) | 2000-04-17 | 2001-04-16 | Sensor de pulsioxímetro con función a tramos |
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| ES01925056T Expired - Lifetime ES2392818T3 (es) | 2000-04-17 | 2001-04-16 | Sensor de pulsioxímetro con función a tramos |
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| ES (2) | ES2469805T3 (es) |
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| US7522948B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 | 2009-04-21 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc | Medical sensor and technique for using the same |
-
2001
- 2001-04-16 PT PT100115732T patent/PT2322085E/pt unknown
- 2001-04-16 EP EP12180447.0A patent/EP2684514B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-16 EP EP01925056A patent/EP1274343B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-16 JP JP2001575899A patent/JP2003530189A/ja active Pending
- 2001-04-16 ES ES10011573.2T patent/ES2469805T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-16 CA CA2405825A patent/CA2405825C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-16 AU AU5165401A patent/AU5165401A/xx active Pending
- 2001-04-16 EP EP10011573.2A patent/EP2322085B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-16 DK DK10011573.2T patent/DK2322085T3/da active
- 2001-04-16 WO PCT/US2001/012491 patent/WO2001078593A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-04-16 AU AU2001251654A patent/AU2001251654B2/en not_active Expired
- 2001-04-16 US US09/836,050 patent/US6801797B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-16 ES ES01925056T patent/ES2392818T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-03-10 US US10/798,596 patent/US7689259B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-09-30 US US11/241,063 patent/US8078246B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2011
- 2011-11-09 US US13/292,956 patent/US20120053431A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2001078593A1 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
| EP2322085A1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
| US20060030763A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
| CA2405825A1 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
| EP2684514B1 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
| ES2392818T3 (es) | 2012-12-14 |
| US6801797B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 |
| EP1274343B1 (en) | 2012-08-15 |
| US20120053431A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
| EP2684514A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
| WO2001078593A9 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
| US8078246B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 |
| JP2003530189A (ja) | 2003-10-14 |
| AU2001251654B2 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
| CA2405825C (en) | 2010-11-09 |
| AU5165401A (en) | 2001-10-30 |
| DK2322085T3 (da) | 2014-06-16 |
| US7689259B2 (en) | 2010-03-30 |
| EP1274343A1 (en) | 2003-01-15 |
| US20020035318A1 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
| US20040171920A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
| PT2322085E (pt) | 2014-06-23 |
| EP2322085B1 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
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