ES2488965T3 - Planta modular para la retirada de contaminantes de gases de combustión producidos por procedimientos industriales - Google Patents

Planta modular para la retirada de contaminantes de gases de combustión producidos por procedimientos industriales Download PDF

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ES2488965T3
ES2488965T3 ES08827982.3T ES08827982T ES2488965T3 ES 2488965 T3 ES2488965 T3 ES 2488965T3 ES 08827982 T ES08827982 T ES 08827982T ES 2488965 T3 ES2488965 T3 ES 2488965T3
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section
treatment
sections
tower
removal
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Tommaso Nardo
Antonio Maria Nardo
Angelo Basile
Fausto Gallucci
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Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche CNR
AST Engineering SRL
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AST Engineering SRL
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
    • E04H5/02—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial purposes, e.g. for power-plants or factories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/229—Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
    • C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents
    • C01B3/103—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents the hydrogen being generated from the water as a result of cycles of reactions, e.g. sulfur-iodine cycle
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
    • C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C07C29/152—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/16—Hydrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/2045—Hydrochloric acid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/2047—Hydrofluoric acid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
    • B01D2257/7027—Aromatic hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
    • B01J2219/00018—Construction aspects
    • B01J2219/0002—Plants assembled from modules joined together
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/0485—Composition of the impurity the impurity being a sulfur compound
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

Una planta modular que comprende al menos un elemento vertical A, denominado torre de reacción, que comprende una pluralidad de secciones de tratamiento prefabricadas, dispuestas verticalmente y destinadas al tratamiento de gases de combustión industriales, comprendiendo dicha torre de forma secuencial: - una primera sección para el tratamiento de partículas finas que consiste en polvos con un diámetro comprendido entre 100 y 0,01 μm y opcionalmente la retirada de metales pesados, en particular mercurio, y haluros, en particular cloruros y fluoruros: - una segunda sección para el tratamiento de los contaminantes que contienen óxidos de azufre y opcionalmente hidrocarburos aromáticos; - una tercera sección para el tratamiento de los contaminantes que contienen óxidos de nitrógeno y opcionalmente hidrocarburos aromáticos; - una cuarta sección para la captura y purificación de dióxido de carbono; estando cada torre provista de un conducto principal central que la cruza en sentido axial, en el que los gases fluyen y entran por la parte inferior de la entrada (601) de gas de combustión, cruzan cada una de las secciones en las cuales se trata, y salen por la parte superior de la salida (602) de gas de combustión; estando a su vez cada sección provista de conductos de entrada y salida para la entrada de reactivos y la salida de los efluentes objeto de tratamiento en plantas complementarias o conductos para la salida de los productos finales; estando las cuatro secciones de cada torre dispuestas verticalmente de manera que la primera se encuentra debajo de la segunda, la segunda está debajo de la tercera y la tercera está debajo de la cuarta, y las secciones se pueden separar unas de otras y se conectan cada una a la anterior y a la siguiente gracias a medios de apertura y conexión sellados

Description

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E08827982
05-08-2014
Alternativamente, es posible utilizar el instrumento para controlar las dos corrientes de gases que pertenecen a dos líneas diferentes, logrando ahorros considerables.
Primera sección de la torre de reacción
La primera sección de las torres de reacción de AST-CNR/ITM está equipada para la eliminación de mercurio y otros metales, tras la retirada de las partículas finas.
Se capturan los sólidos con un precipitador electrostático, también denominado ESP, de tipo húmedo (indicado como WESP-Precipitador Electrostático Húmedo) junto con los óxidos de metales pesados, fluoruros y cloruros. Éstos, junto con el agua de lavado, se envían a un distribuidor, fuera de la torre, cargado con caliza, en el que se calcinan las sustancias contaminantes. El resto del agua se trata en un intercambiador iónico con sosa cáustica para eliminar los cloruros y se recicla de nuevo en el interior del sistema de tratamiento de agua usando plantas de membranas.
La operación de WESP se ve influenciada por la temperatura del gas de combustión que determina las características eléctricas que deben tener los electrodos para que comience el efecto corona y los contaminantes precipiten. Para un voltaje aplicado concreto, la corriente de dispersión aumenta con la temperatura. La temperatura del gas de combustión que penetra en WESP se controla y generalmente es bastante constante. La temperatura del gas de combustión se controla por medio de la temperatura del agua de la planta que se puede modificar para mejorar el rendimiento de WESP. La composición del gas de combustión determina las características eléctricas del WESP.
Es por ello que resulta importante conocer de forma exacta las impurezas presentes en el gas de combustión, por un lado para ser capaces de planear exactamente el WESP y por otro, para dimensionar las plantas para la retirada de las impurezas a partir del agua residual de la planta. Algunas impurezas se retiran de forma sencilla mientras que otras son más difíciles. Por este motivo, es importante conocer el tipo y la concentración de todos los contaminantes presentes en el gas de combustión (el experto en la materia sabe cómo hacerlo).
Además, si la composición del gas de combustión varía durante el uso del WESP, se evalúa de forma instantánea por medio del sistema de control para modificar las características eléctricas de WESP de manera instantánea con el fin de garantizar su perfecta operación.
Generalmente, los contaminantes están presentes en las siguientes formas:
Impurezas
Forma de la impureza Fórmula química
Fluoruro
Polvo HF
Cloruro
Polvo HCl
Arsénico
Óxido, elemento As2O3, As
Selenio
Óxido, elemento SeO, Se
Mercurio
Elemento Hg
Cinc
Sulfato ZnSO4
Plomo
Sulfato, elemento PbSO4, Pb
Cobre
Sulfato CuSO4
Generalmente, la niebla ácida, cobre, níquel y hierro y los ácidos son fáciles de recoger. Las impurezas más difíciles incluyen cinc, plomo, arsénico y antimonio. Los gases de combustión que penetran en la primera sección de la torre de reacción a una temperatura de aproximadamente 170 ºC están saturados y se enfrían a través de un sistema de recuperación de calor y con la inyección del agua de procedimiento.
Debido al oxígeno en exceso y las elevadas temperaturas de combustión de la planta para la retirada de las partículas gruesas, se disuelve una parte del anhídrido sulfuroso en forma de sulfato y se retira de la torre de reacción junto con el agua de tratamiento, los sólidos capturados con el precipitador electrostático, los óxidos de los metales pesados, los fluoruros y los cloruros. Se envía a un distribuidor cargado con caliza en el que se calcinan las sustancias contaminantes. Se trata el agua restante en un intercambiador iónico con sosa cáustica para eliminar los cloruros y se recicla de nuevo en el interior del sistema de tratamiento de agua.
La Figura 9.2 es una axonometría transparente de la primera sección, con referencia particular al West-ESP (húmedo). Los gases de combustión que penetran desde la parte inferior pasan a través de un intercambiador de calor y, de hecho, para evitar que tengan un elevado grado de humedad, experimentan un enfriamiento a través un intercambiador de calor, de tipo bobina por ejemplo, que rebaja la temperatura desde 190-:-170 ºC hasta 50-:-40 ºC. Posteriormente, se extraen los gases de combustión a través de las tuberías 931 y 932, donde se someten a un campo eléctrico.
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Claims (1)

  1. imagen1
ES08827982.3T 2007-08-20 2008-08-20 Planta modular para la retirada de contaminantes de gases de combustión producidos por procedimientos industriales Active ES2488965T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRM20070446 2007-08-20
IT000446A ITRM20070446A1 (it) 2007-08-20 2007-08-20 Impianto modulare per l abbattimento degli inquinanti contenuti nei fumi industriale
PCT/IT2008/000559 WO2009025003A2 (en) 2007-08-20 2008-08-20 Modular plant for removal of pollutants from flue gases produced bv industrial processes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2488965T3 true ES2488965T3 (es) 2014-09-01

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US (1) US8932547B2 (es)
EP (2) EP2581130A1 (es)
CN (1) CN101827641B (es)
BR (1) BRPI0816235A2 (es)
CA (1) CA2696586A1 (es)
DK (1) DK2185269T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2488965T3 (es)
IT (1) ITRM20070446A1 (es)
PL (1) PL2185269T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2009025003A2 (es)

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