ES2535243T3 - Sistema de accionamiento a prueba de fallos - Google Patents

Sistema de accionamiento a prueba de fallos Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2535243T3
ES2535243T3 ES11794055.1T ES11794055T ES2535243T3 ES 2535243 T3 ES2535243 T3 ES 2535243T3 ES 11794055 T ES11794055 T ES 11794055T ES 2535243 T3 ES2535243 T3 ES 2535243T3
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Spain
Prior art keywords
circuit
chamber
actuator
tank
safety
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ES11794055.1T
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English (en)
Inventor
Achim Helbig
Christoph Boes
Werner Händle
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Moog GmbH
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Moog GmbH
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B20/00Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
    • F15B20/004Fluid pressure supply failure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F15B1/022Installations or systems with accumulators used as an emergency power source, e.g. in case of pump failure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02Installations or systems with accumulators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224Adjusting blade pitch
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04Automatic control; Regulation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/17Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type of differential-piston type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B20/00Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B20/00Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
    • F15B20/002Electrical failure
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/20Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00Function
    • F05B2260/40Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/406Transmission of power through hydraulic systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00Function
    • F05B2260/70Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/79Bearing, support or actuation arrangements therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/21Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge
    • F15B2211/212Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge the pressure sources being accumulators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/27Directional control by means of the pressure source
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30505Non-return valves, i.e. check valves
    • F15B2211/30515Load holding valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/315Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit
    • F15B2211/31552Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to an output member and a return line
    • F15B2211/31558Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to an output member and a return line having a single output member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/32Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/329Directional control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50518Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using pressure relief valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/515Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/5159Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit being connected to an output member and a return line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7053Double-acting output members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7053Double-acting output members
    • F15B2211/7054Having equal piston areas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7055Linear output members having more than two chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/785Compensation of the difference in flow rate in closed fluid circuits using differential actuators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/86Control during or prevention of abnormal conditions
    • F15B2211/863Control during or prevention of abnormal conditions the abnormal condition being a hydraulic or pneumatic failure
    • F15B2211/8633Pressure source supply failure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/875Control measures for coping with failures
    • F15B2211/8752Emergency operation mode, e.g. fail-safe operation mode
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318Processes
    • Y10T137/0324With control of flow by a condition or characteristic of a fluid
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7758Pilot or servo controlled
    • Y10T137/7761Electrically actuated valve

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

Un sistema (1) de accionamiento basado en un líquido a prueba de fallos que tiene una posición de seguridad, que comprende un accionador (2) con al menos una primera y una segunda cámara (3, 4), un circuito (5) de trabajo con un dispositivo (6) de bomba/motor, mediante el cual el accionador (2) se puede accionar por medio del circuito (5) de trabajo, al menos en el estado operativo, un circuito de seguridad mediante el cual, en un estado de fallo, el accionador (2) se puede mover a la posición de seguridad, por lo que el circuito de seguridad tiene un tanque (7) que contiene líquido presurizado y que, en el estado de fallo, está conectado automáticamente a la primera cámara (3) a través de la válvula (8) de conmutación, y tiene una válvula (9) de drenaje que, en el estado de fallo, se mueve a la posición de flujo pasante para drenar líquido fuera de la segunda cámara (4), y el circuito de seguridad está configurado de tal manera que, en el estado operativo, un flujo entrante en el accionador (2), de una manera que está completamente desacoplada del tanque (7), se puede establecer mediante el circuito (5) de trabajo con su dispositivo (6) de bomba/motor, caracterizado por que, en el estado de fallo, un flujo entrante desde el tanque (7) a la primera cámara (3), de una manera que está completamente desacoplada del circuito (5) de trabajo con su dispositivo (6) de bomba/motor, se crea mediante el circuito de seguridad, el accionador (2) tiene tres cámaras (3, 4, 15), por lo que el circuito de seguridad está configurado de tal manera que, en el estado operativo, se puede establecer un flujo entrante en la tercera cámara (15), de una manera que está desacoplada del tanque (7), mediante el circuito (5) de trabajo con su dispositivo (6) de bomba/motor, por lo que se proporciona una tubería (13) de llenado mediante la cual el líquido del circuito (5) de trabajo se puede suministrar al tanque (7), por lo cual el tanque (7) está desacoplado del circuito (5) de trabajo mediante al menos un elemento (10b, 10c) de válvula que evita que el líquido fluya de vuelta al circuito de trabajo.

Description

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E11794055
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La Figura 1 muestra un diagrama de circuito para el sistema 1 de accionamiento. El sistema 1 de accionamiento comprende un circuito 5 de trabajo además de un circuito de seguridad y un accionador 2. El accionador 2 comprende una primera cámara 3 y una segunda cámara 4. La primera y la segunda cámaras 3, 4 están divididas por un émbolo
16. Un pistón 17 está conectado al émbolo 16, y este pistón 17 se extiende a través de la segunda cámara 4 y sobresale de ella, hasta la carcasa 19. En la realización que se muestra, otra sección 18 del pistón se fija a otro lado del émbolo 16, y esta sección 18 del pistón se extiende a través de la primera cámara 3 y sobresale de ella, hasta la carcasa 19. El líquido, por ejemplo, líquido hidráulico, se puede suministrar a las cámaras 3, 4, lo que produce un aumento en el volumen de una cámara y la disminución correspondiente de volumen en la otra cámara. Las cámaras 3, 4 están básicamente selladas herméticamente, de modo que, junto con la carcasa 19, el émbolo 16, el pistón 17 y la sección 18 del pistón forman un sistema que básicamente mantiene la estanqueidad. Por consiguiente, el émbolo 16 sella la primera cámara 3 en relación con la segunda cámara 4. El pistón 17, que se extiende a través de un área de pared de la carcasa 19, sella la segunda cámara 4 en relación con el entorno. La sección 18 del pistón que se extiende a través de un área de pared de la carcasa 19, sella la primera cámara 3 en relación con el entorno.
El émbolo 16 con el pistón 17 y la sección 18 del pistón se puede mover entre dos posiciones finales. En la primera posición final, la primera cámara 3 está llena con el volumen máximo de líquido, mientras que la segunda cámara 4 está completamente vacía. El pistón 17 está completamente extendido en esta posición final. A continuación, también se hará referencia a esta posición final como a la posición de seguridad. La segunda posición final se alcanza en la medida en que la segunda cámara 4 está llena con el volumen máximo de líquido, mientras que la primera cámara 4 básicamente está completamente vacía. En este caso, el pistón 17 se retrae, es decir, sólo una sección corta del pistón 17 se extiende fuera de la carcasa 19.
El accionador 2 tiene dos conexiones 20a, 20b mediante las cuales se puede suministrar y descargar líquido a las cámaras 3 y 4, respectivamente. El circuito 5 de trabajo de la realización que se muestra, de este modo, está conectado a la primera cámara 3 y a la segunda cámara 4.
El circuito 5 de trabajo de la realización que se muestra comprende un dispositivo 6 de bomba/motor, una válvula 21 de control, primeras y segundas tuberías 14a, 14b de conexión y elementos 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10f de válvula. Además, el circuito 5 de trabajo comprende tuberías de líquido adicionales como primeras tuberías 23a, 23b del accionador, y primeras y segundas tuberías 24a, 24b de líquido, que unen los elementos individuales unos con otros. Por decirlo de otro modo, el circuito de trabajo comprende todos los elementos que se utilizan para mover el accionador durante el funcionamiento normal.
En la realización de la Figura 1, el circuito de trabajo está delimitado con respecto al circuito de seguridad y con respecto a los elementos restantes del sistema de accionamiento mediante los elementos 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10f de válvula.
El dispositivo 6 de bomba/motor tiene un motor, preferiblemente un motor eléctrico y una bomba. El motor acciona la bomba y, por consiguiente, garantiza el suministro de líquido para el sistema de accionamiento. El motor preferiblemente debe tener una velocidad variable y se debe poder accionar preferiblemente en dos direcciones de rotación.
La bomba tiene primeras y segundas tuberías 14a, 14b de conexión. En una primera dirección de rotación del motor, la tubería 14a de conexión sirve como una tubería de aspiración o una tubería de suministro, mientras que la segunda tubería 14b de conexión sirve como una tubería de drenaje. En la otra dirección de rotación, la segunda tubería 14b de conexión sirve como una tubería de suministro, mientras que la primera tubería 14a de conexión sirve como una tubería de drenaje. Una tubería 22 de fuga a través de la que se puede drenar el líquido de fuga está conectada a la bomba. En la realización que se muestra, la primera tubería 14 de conexión se bifurca en una primera tubería 23a del accionador y una primera tubería 24a de líquido. A través de la primera tubería 23a del accionador, se puede transportar líquido en la dirección de la primera cámara 3 del accionador 2,
o se puede volver a transportar a la bomba de la primera cámara 3. Por consiguiente, la segunda tubería 14b de conexión también se bifurca en una segunda tubería 23b del accionador y en una segunda tubería 24b de líquido. A través de la segunda tubería 23b del accionador, se puede transportar el líquido en la dirección de la segunda cámara 4 del accionador 2, o se puede volver a transportar a la bomba de la segunda cámara 4. En cada caso, se coloca un elemento 10a, 10d de válvula junto a la primera y a la segunda tuberías 23a, 23b del accionador. Los elementos 10a, 10d de válvula están configurados de tal manera que es posible que haya un flujo desde la bomba hasta las tuberías 23a, 23b del accionador y a través de los elementos 10a, 10d de válvula, aunque un reflujo de las cámaras 3, 4 del accionador 2 sólo es posible a través de los elementos 10a, 10d de válvula cuando se ha seleccionado la posición de flujo pasante. De este modo, es posible que haya un flujo a través de los elementos 10a, 10d de válvula en la dirección del accionador, mientras que un reflujo a través de los elementos 10a, 10d de válvula en las tuberías 23a, 23b del accionador sólo es posible durante determinados estados operativos prescritos. Por consiguiente, los elementos 10a, 10d de válvula están configurados preferiblemente como válvulas de retención conmutables. Los elementos 10a, 10d de válvula constituyen el cierre del circuito 5 de trabajo con respecto a las tuberías que sirven para suministrar al accionador 2.
Se proporciona una válvula 21 de control para permitir un reflujo de las cámaras 3, 4 del accionador 2 en las tuberías 23a, 23b del accionador. La válvula 21 de control permite abrir uno de los elementos 10a, 10d de válvula de tal manera que es posible que haya un reflujo en la tubería del accionador correspondiente. Por consiguiente, por ejemplo, en el
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y, por consiguiente, se utilizarán los mismos números de referencia para hacer referencia a la descripción de otro modo aplicable de lo que se muestra en las Figuras 2 a 4.
Una diferencia básica reside en el drenaje del líquido hidráulico de la segunda cámara 4. En el sistema 1 de accionamiento que se muestra en las Figuras 7 a 9, la válvula de drenaje 9 sirve exclusivamente como una válvula de alivio de presión y, de este modo, protege el sistema. De este modo, una conexión 32 de señal, como se muestra en el sistema de accionamiento de las Figuras 2 a 4, no está presente. En su lugar, corriente abajo de la conexión 20b, una conexión 36 fluida de cortocircuito se bifurca y se abre en la tubería 26 del tanque. En la realización, la conexión 36 fluida de cortocircuito se abre en la tubería 26 del tanque entre el regulador 27 y la válvula 8 de conmutación. Para evitar el transporte del tanque 7 a la cámara 4, se coloca una válvula 37 de retención en la conexión 36 fluida de cortocircuito. La conexión 36 fluida de cortocircuito se bifurca entre la conexión 20b y el elemento 10d de válvula, de modo que todavía hay una separación entre el tanque 7 y el circuito 5 de trabajo.
Debido a esta realización de la conexión 36 fluida de cortocircuito, la válvula 8 de conmutación sirve simultáneamente como una válvula de cortocircuito, ya que la válvula 8 de conmutación cortocircuita la segunda cámara 4 con la primera cámara 3 exclusivamente en la posición de seguridad que se muestra en la Figura 8, de modo que el volumen de líquido hidráulico desplazado desde la cámara 4 fluye a través de la conexión 36 fluida de cortocircuito, la válvula 8 de conmutación y el accionador 29 a la conexión 20a y, a continuación, en la primera cámara 3. Por lo tanto, este flujo de volumen contribuye al flujo de volumen que procede del tanque 7 de modo que, con una cantidad más pequeña de líquido hidráulico del tanque 7, se puede llenar la primera cámara 3 completamente. Dicha configuración es especialmente adecuada para el pistón diferencial que se muestra (accionador 2).
La Figura 7 muestra el funcionamiento normal en el que, a través de las conexiones dibujadas con líneas gruesas y a través del circuito 5 de trabajo, se llena o bien la primera cámara 3 o la segunda cámara 5 [sic]. Con este propósito, el solenoide de la válvula 8 de conmutación está activado y el tanque 7 está separado de la primera cámara 3, y la conexión 36 fluida de cortocircuito está bloqueada.
La Figura 9 muestra la situación en la que la posición del accionador 2 está bloqueada hidráulicamente y el dispositivo 6 de bomba/motor llena el tanque 7. Con este propósito, el solenoide de la válvula 8 de conmutación además del solenoide de la válvula 21 de control están activados. Aquí, el tanque 7 se mantiene separado de la primera cámara 3 y la conexión 36 fluida de cortocircuito está bloqueada. Además, los elementos 10a y 10d de válvula también se mantienen bloqueados de modo que no pueda fluir ningún líquido hidráulico fuera de la cámara 3 y la cámara 4, por lo que la posición del accionador 2 está fijada.
La posición de seguridad ya mencionada que se muestra en la Figura 8 se asume, por ejemplo, en caso de que haya un fallo de la alimentación, de modo que el tanque 7 está conectado a la primera cámara 3 del accionador 2. La conexión 36 fluida de cortocircuito está conectada y la segunda cámara 4 está en comunicación fluida con la primera cámara 3. Después de que el dispositivo 6 de bomba/motor también haya fallado, por ejemplo, en caso de un fallo de la alimentación, igualmente no hay presión de control en los elementos 10a y 10d de válvula, de modo que se bloquean y el circuito 5 de trabajo se desacopla.
Además con este sistema 1 de accionamiento, el uso de los elementos 10a a 10d de válvula apropiados en todas las salidas principales donde podría haber flujos de transporte generados por el dispositivo 6 de bomba/motor dan como resultado una estructura modular, de modo que, en la posición de seguridad, el circuito de seguridad puede bombear desde el tanque 7 en la primera cámara 3, por lo que el circuito 5 de trabajo se desacopla hidráulicamente por completo. La única conexión fluida desde el circuito 5 de trabajo en la posición de seguridad se lleva a cabo a través de la tubería 13 de llenado, a través de la cual se puede llenar el tanque 7 utilizando el dispositivo 6 de bomba/motor.
El sistema de accionamiento se puede utilizar en un método para accionar un accionador. Aquí, durante el estado operativo normal, el accionador se acciona mediante el circuito de trabajo que bombea en la segunda o tercera cámara. Tan pronto como se produce un estado de fallo, el accionador se mueve a la posición de seguridad. Esto comprende los pasos siguientes: conectar el tanque a la primera cámara del accionador y, de este modo, crear un flujo entrante en la primera cámara de una manera que está completamente desacoplada del circuito de trabajo, y drenar líquido en la segunda cámara del accionador a través de la válvula de drenaje, que se puede mover a la posición de flujo pasante para este propósito.
Preferiblemente, el sistema de accionamiento descrito y sus variantes se utilizan en uno de los casos de aplicación descritos en la introducción. En otras palabras, la realización del sistema de accionamiento según la invención es adecuado, por ejemplo, para parques eólicos para ajustar el ángulo de ataque de al menos una paleta del rotor, para turbinas de gas, turbinas de vapor o turbinas de agua para ajustar el ángulo de la paleta específica o para aplicaciones en las industrias del gas y del petróleo, donde se utilizan los accionadores que, en el estado de fallo, se tienen que mover a la posición de seguridad.
Especialmente con parques eólicos, es necesario poder cambiar el ángulo de ataque de las paletas del rotor individuales en relación al viento. En caso de fuertes vientos, se puede alcanzar el límite de soporte de carga máximo de las paletas del rotor además de toda la estructura. Por lo tanto, en estos casos, es necesario mover las paletas del rotor a una posición de
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EP2649327A1 (de) 2013-10-16
CN103339390B (zh) 2016-06-29
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EP2840264B1 (de) 2016-04-13
DE102010053811A1 (de) 2012-06-14
US9239064B2 (en) 2016-01-19
HK1205546A1 (en) 2015-12-18
WO2012076178A1 (de) 2012-06-14
US9850916B2 (en) 2017-12-26
US20140026969A1 (en) 2014-01-30
CN104481934A (zh) 2015-04-01
CN103339390A (zh) 2013-10-02
BR112013014273A2 (pt) 2016-09-20
US20150152887A1 (en) 2015-06-04
EP2840264A2 (de) 2015-02-25
EP2840264A3 (de) 2015-03-04
CN104481934B (zh) 2017-05-17

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