ES2552762T3 - Tissue and wet-pressed towel products prepared with a high solids pleat process - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of manufacturing an absorbent cellulosic sheet pleated on tape, the method comprising: (a) preparing a cellulosic papermaking raw material comprising a mixture of hardwood and softwood fibers; (b) providing the papermaking raw material to a jet-shaped forming fabric that leaves from a header box at a jet rate; (c) dehydrate by compacting the papermaking raw material to form a dehydrated paper web having a seemingly random distribution of papermaking fibers; (d) applying the dehydrated paper web having a seemingly random fiber distribution to a transfer surface in translation that moves at a transfer surface speed; (e) subject the belt of dehydrated paper from the transfer surface to a consistency of about 30 to about 60 percent using a pattern pleated tape, the step of tape pleating under pressure occurs in a defined point of pleating in tape between the transfer surface and the pleating tape, in which the belt travels at a belt speed that is less than the speed of the transfer surface, such that the paper web dehydrated undergoes pleating from the transfer surface and is redistributed on the pleated tape to form a band of pleated paper with a lattice having a plurality of interconnected regions of different local ream weights including at least (i) a plurality of fiber-enriched regions having a high local ream weight, interconnected by means of one (ii) plurality of binding regions of low local ream weight; and (f) drying the pleated paper web, in which the pleated paper web has a stretch in the transverse direction of the machine (CD) in percent that is at least about 2.75 times the dry tensile ratio of the pleated paper band.

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Tisu products and wet-pressed towel prepared with a high solid pleat process Priority claim and technical field

The present application is based and claims priority of US Provisional Patent Application No. Series 60 / 562.025, filed on April 14, 2004 (No. 2636 case file; GP-04-5). The present application is also a continuation in part of the United States Patent Application pending along with this Series No. 10 / 679.862 entitled "Fabric Crepe Process for Making Absorbent Sheet", filed on October 6, 2003, now the United States Patent No. 7,399,378, whose priority is claimed. In addition, this application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent No. 60 / 416,666, filed on October 7, 2002. This application is intended, in part, to a process in which a band of paper is dehydrated by means of compaction, it is pleated to give rise to a pleated fabric and dried, in which the process is controlled to generate products with high CD stretch and low tensile proportions.

Background

The methods for the manufacture of tissue paper, wipes and the like are well known, including various features such as Yankee drying, deep drying, tissue pleating, dry pleating, wet pleating and the like. Conventional wet pressing processes have certain advantages over conventional air drying processes including: (1) lower energy costs associated with the mechanical removal of water than hot air perspiration drying; and (2) higher production speeds that are more easily achieved with processes that use wet pressing to form a paper web. On the other hand, a deep air drying process has been widely adopted for new capital investments, in particular for the generation of wipes and tissue products of improved quality.

Pleated fabrics have been used together with papermaking processes that include mechanical dehydration and compaction of a paper web as a means of modifying product properties. See U.S. Patents 4,689,119 and 4,551,199 to Weldon; 4,849,054 and 4,834,838 to Klowak; and 6,287,426 of Edwards et al. The operation of the fabric pleating processes has been impeded by the difficulty of effectively transferring the high or intermediate consistency paper web to a drying device. Note also United States Patent No. 6,350,349 from Hermans et al., Which discloses the wet transfer of a paper web from the rotary transfer surface to a tissue. More generally, additional patents that refer to fabric pleating include the following: 4,834,838; 4,482,429; 4,445,638 as well as 4,440,597 from Wells et al.

Together with papermaking processes, tissue modeling has also been used as a means to provide texture and volume. In this sense, it is observed in United States Patent No. 6,610,173 to Lindsay et al., A method for printing a paper web during a wet pressing episode that results in asymmetric protrusions corresponding to deflection conductors of a deflection member. The '173 patent presents that a differential speed transfer during a pressing episode serves to improve the modeling and printing of a paper web with a deflection member. It is presented that the tissue paper bands produced have particular configurations of physical and geometric properties, such as a pattern densified paper band and a repetitive pattern of protrusions having asymmetric structures. With regard to the wet molding of a paper web using textured fabrics, see also the following US patents: 6,017,417 and 5,672,248 both of Wendt et al .; 5,505,818 and 5,510,002 from Hermans et al and 4,637,859 from Trokhan. With respect to the use of the fabrics used to impart texture to a mostly dry leaf, see US Patent No. 6,585,855 to Drew et al, as well as United States Publication No. Us 2003/0000664 A1.

Pleated and deep-dried products are disclosed in the following patents: United States Patent No. 3,994,771 to Morgan, Jr. et al .; United States Patent No. 4,102,737 of Morton; and United States Patent No. 4,529,480 of Trokhan. The processes described in these patents comprise, in a very general way, the formation of a paper band on a foraminous support, the thermal pre-drying of a paper band, the application of a paper band to a Yankee drying device with a defined fastening point, in part, by means of an impression fabric, and pleating of the product from the Yankee drying device. Normally, a relatively permeable paper web is required, which makes it difficult to use recycling raw materials at levels that are desirable. The transfer to the Yankee device normally takes place at a paper band consistency of about 60% to about 70%; although in some processes the transfer takes place at much higher consistencies, sometimes even close to air drying.

As previously mentioned, deep-dried products tend to exhibit improved volume and softness; however, thermal dehydration with hot air tends to be highly energy consuming. Wet pressing operations in which the mechanically dehydrated ones are preferred are preferred.

paper bands, from the energy point of view and are applied more simply to raw materials containing recycled fiber that tend to form paper bands with less permeability than virgin fiber. Many improvements refer to the increase in volume and absorbency of comparatively dehydrated products that are normally dehydrated, in part, with a paper-made wool sintin belt.

5 Despite the advantages in the art, the previously known wet press processes have not produced highly absorbent paper webs with preferred tissue properties, especially particularly high CD stretch at relatively low mD / CD traction rates intended for later use in improved products of wipes and tissue.

In accordance with the present invention, the absorbency, volume and stretching of a wet-pressed paper web can be greatly improved by subjecting the paper web to wet tissue pleating and fiber reordering in the pleated tissue, while maintaining the high speed, thermal efficiency and tolerance of raw materials against the recycled fiber of conventional wet pressing processes.

Summary of the invention

Thus, in a first aspect of the invention, there is provided an absorbent sheet of cellulosic fibers 15 that include a mixture of hardwood fibers and softwood fibers, arranged in a lattice having: (i) a plurality of fiber-enriched regions with relatively high local ream weight ridges interconnected by (ii) a plurality of low local ream weight junction regions. The orientation of the fibers of the junction regions is offset along the direction between the regions with ridges interconnected in this way. The relative ream weight, the degree of ridge formation, the proportion of hardwood with respect to softwood, the fiber length distribution, the orientation of the fibers and the geometry of the lattice are controlled so that the laminate exhibit a CD stretch percentage of at least 2.75 times the dry tensile ratio of the sheet. In a preferred embodiment, the sheet exhibits a void volume of at least about 5 g / g, a CD stretch of at least 5 percent and a MC / CD tensile ratio of less than about 1.75. In another preferred embodiment, the traction ratio 25 MD / CD is less than about 1.5. In another preferred embodiment the sheet has an absorbency of at least about 5 g / g, a CD stretch of at least about 10 percent and an MD / CD tensile ratio of less than about 2.5. In another preferred embodiment the sheet exhibits an absorbency of at least about 5 g / g, a CD stretch of at least 15 percent and an MD / CD tensile ratio of less than about 3.5. It is thought that it is possible to achieve a CD stretch of at least about 20 percent and an MD / CD tensile ratio of less than about 5, in accordance with the present invention.

As can be seen from the following data, a CD stretch in percentage of at least about 3, 3.25 or 3.5 times the dry tensile ratio can be easily achieved, in accordance with the present invention.

In general, a CD stretch percentage of at least about 4 and a dry traction ratio of about 0.4 to about 4 are normal for the products of the invention. Preferably, the products have a CD stretch of at least about 5 or 6. In some cases a CD stretch of at least about 8 or at least about 10 is preferred.

Normally, the products of the invention have a void volume of at least about 5 or 6 g / g. 40 Similarly, void volumes of at least 7 g / g, 8 g / g, 9 g / g or 10 g / g are normal.

The sheet of the invention consists predominantly (more than 50%) of hardwood fiber or softwood fiber. Normally, the sheet includes a mixture of these two fibers.

In another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a strip of cellulosic paper for tissue and wipe products which includes the steps of: (a) preparing a raw material for manufacturing aqueous cellulosic paper; (b) providing the papermaking raw material to a jet forming fabric ejected from a header box at a jet rate; (c) dehydrate by compacting the papermaking raw material to form a growing paper web having a seemingly random distribution of papermaking fibers; (d) applying the dehydrated paper web having a seemingly random fiber distribution to a translation transfer surface that moves at a first speed; (e) subjecting the paper strip from the transfer surface to tape a consistency of about 30 to about 60 percent using a pattern pleated tape, the pressure pleating step taking place at a point of fastening of pleated tape defined between the transfer surface of the pleated tape, in which the belt travels at a second speed slower than the speed of said transfer surface. The tape pattern, the parameters of the fastening point, the speed delta and the consistency of a paper web are selected so that the paper web is pleated from the transfer surface and redistributed on the web tape. pleated to form a paper web with a lattice having a plurality of interconnected regions of different local ream weights that includes at least (i) a plurality of regions enriched in relatively high local ream weight fibers,

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interconnected by means of (ii) a plurality of regions of low local ream weight. Subsequently, the paper band is dried. It is appreciated that the proportion of hardwood with respect to dry wood, the fiber length distribution, the total pleat, the jet speed, the drying and belt pleating stages are controlled and the pattern of pleating tape is selected from so that the paper web is characterized by having a CD stretch percentage of at least about 2.75 times the dry tensile ratio of a paper web. These parameters are also selected so that the properties discussed above together with the products of the invention are achieved in various embodiments of the invention.

The process of the invention can be practiced with predominantly hardwood fiber to produce a base sheet for the manufacture of tissue or the process of the invention can be practiced with a raw material consisting predominantly of fibers of soft wood when it is intended to prepare a wipe. The person skilled in the art will appreciate that other additives are chosen as desired.

It has been proven, in accordance with the present invention, that paper strips having a local variation in the ream weight preferably undergo calendering between calender steel rollers when calendering is desirable.

Normally, the tape pleated paper web of the invention is characterized in that the fibers of the fiber-enriched regions are offset in the transverse direction as can be seen from the attached microfotograties.

Generally, the process is operated with a fabric pleat of about 10 to about 100 percent. Preferred embodiments include those in which the process is operated on a fabric pleat of at least about 40, 60, 80 or 100 percent or more. The process of the invention can be operated on a pleated fabric of 125 percent or more.

The process of the present invention is extremely tolerant to raw materials and can be operated with large amounts of the secondary fiber if desired.

The invention is also intended for the following 33 embodiments.

1. An absorbent sheet of cellulosic fibers comprising a mixture of hardwood fibers and softwood fibers arranged in a lattice having: (i) a plurality of fiber-enriched regions with relatively high local ream weight ridges interconnected by means of (ii) a plurality of local ream weight junction regions whose fiber orientation is offset along the direction between regions with ridges thus interconnected, in which the relative ream weight, the degree of ridge formation, the proportion of hardwood with respect to softwood, the fiber length distribution, the orientation of the fibers and the geometry of the lattice are controlled in such a way that the sheet exhibits a% CD stretch which is at least approximately 2.75 times the dry tensile ratio of the sheet.

2. The cellulosic absorbent sheet according to Embodiment 1, which exhibits a void volume of at least about 5 g / g, a CD stretch of at least about 5 percent, and an MD / CD tensile ratio of less than about 1.75.

3. The absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Embodiment 1, which exhibits a void volume of at least about 5 g / g, a CD stretch of at least about 5 percent, and an MD / CD tensile ratio of less than about 1.5

4. The absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Embodiment 1, which exhibits a void volume of at least about 5 g / g, a CD stretch of at least about 10 percent, and an MD / CD tensile ratio of less than about 2.5

5. The absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Embodiment 1, which exhibits a void volume of at least about 5 g / g, a CD stretch of at least about 15 percent, and an MD / CD tensile ratio of less than about 3.5.

6. The absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Embodiment 1, which exhibits an absorbency of at least about 5 g / g, a CD stretch of at least about 20 percent, and an MD / CD tensile ratio of less than about 5.

7. The absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Embodiment 1, which exhibits a percentage stretch CD that is at least about 3 times the dry tensile ratio of the sheet.

8. The absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Embodiment 1, which exhibits a percentage stretch CD that is at least about 3.25 times the dry tensile ratio of the sheet.

9. The absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Embodiment 1, which exhibits a percentage of CD stretch

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which is at least 3.5 times the dry tensile ratio of the sheet.

10. The absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Embodiment 1, wherein the sheet exhibits a CD stretch percentage of at least about 4 and a dry tensile ratio of about 0.4 to about 4.

11. The absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Embodiment 10, wherein the sheet exhibits a CD stretch percentage of at least about 5.

12. The absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Embodiment 10, wherein the sheet exhibits a CD stretch percentage of at least about 6.

13. The absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Embodiment 10, wherein the sheet exhibits a CD stretch percentage of at least about 8.

14. The absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Embodiment 10, wherein the sheet exhibits a CD stretch percentage of at least about 10.

15. The absorbent sheet according to Embodiment 1, which has a void volume of at least 6 g / g.

16. The absorbent sheet according to Embodiment 1, which has a void volume of at least 7 g / g.

17. The absorbent sheet according to Embodiment 1, which has a void volume of at least 8 g / g.

18. The absorbent sheet according to Embodiment 1, which has a void volume of at least 9 g / g.

19. The absorbent sheet according to Embodiment 1, which has a void volume of at least 10 g / g.

20. The absorbent sheet according to Embodiment 1, which consists predominantly of hardwood fibers.

21. The absorbent sheet according to Embodiment 1, which consists predominantly of hardwood fibers.

22. A method of manufacturing a strip of cellulosic paper for tissue products comprising:

(a) prepare a raw material for the manufacture of aqueous cellulosic paper consisting predominantly of hardwood fibers;

(b) providing a papermaking raw material to a jet forming fabric ejected from a header box at a jet rate;

(c) dehydrate, by means of compaction, the papermaking raw material to form a growing paper web having a distribution of apparently random papermaking fibers;

(d) apply the dehydrated paper web having the apparently random fiber distribution to a translation transfer surface that moves at a first speed;

(e) subject the paper strip from the transfer surface to tape a consistency of approximately 30 to approximately 60 percent, using a pattern pleated tape, the pressure pleating step taking place at a fastening point of pleating on tape defined between the transfer surface and the pleating tape, in which the belt travels at the second speed less than the speed of the transfer surface, selecting the tape pattern, the parameters of the fastening point, the delta of speed and consistency of the paper web so that the paper web experiences pleated from the transfer surface and redistributed on the webbing to form a paper web with a lattice having a plurality of regions interconnected with different local ream weights including at least (i) a plurality of fiber-enriched regions having a high local inter-ream weight connected by (ii) a plurality of low local ream weight junction regions;

(f) dry the paper web; Y

(g) control the proportion of hardwood with respect to softwood, fiber length distribution, total pleating, blasting speed, stages of drying and pleating on tape as well as the pattern of pleating tape so that the paper web is characterized by having a CD stretch percentage that is at least about 2.75 times the dry tensile ratio of the paper web.

23. The method according to Embodiment 22, which further comprises the step of calendering the paper web between a first steel calendering roller and a second steel calendering roller.

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24. A method of manufacturing the cellulose paper web for wipe products comprising:

(a) prepare a raw material for the manufacture of cellulosic and aqueous paper consisting predominantly of softwood fibers;

(b) providing the papermaking raw material to a jet forming fabric ejected from a header box at a jet rate;

(c) dehydrate by compaction the papermaking raw material to form a growing paper web having a distribution of apparently random papermaking fibers;

(d) apply the dehydrated paper web having the apparently random fiber distribution to a translation transfer surface that moves at a first speed;

(e) subject the paper strip from the transfer surface to tape a consistency of approximately 30 to approximately 60 percent, using a pattern pleated tape, the pressure pleated step taking place at one point of pleating belt fastener defined between the transfer surface and the pleating tape, in which the belt travels at a second speed less than the speed of the transfer surface, the tape pattern being selected, the parameters of the point of fastening, the speed delta and the consistency of the paper web so that the paper web experiences pleated from the transfer surface and is redistributed on the webbing to form a paper web with a lattice having a plurality of interconnected regions of different local ream weights including at least (i) a plurality of regions enriched with fibers having a local ream weight the evado, interconnected by means of (ii) a plurality of low local ream weight junction regions;

(f) dry the paper web; Y

(g) control the proportion of hardwood with respect to softwood, fiber length distribution, total pleating, blasting speed, stages of drying and pleating on tape as well as the pattern of pleating tape so that the paper web is characterized by having a CD stretch percentage that is at least about 2.75 times the dry tensile ratio of the paper web.

25. A method of manufacturing a pleated absorbent cellulosic strip comprising:

(a) preparing a cellulosic raw material comprising a mixture of hardwood and softwood fibers;

(b) providing the papermaking raw material to a jet forming fabric ejected from a header box at a jet rate;

(c) dehydrate by compaction the papermaking raw material to form a growing paper web having a distribution of apparently random papermaking fibers;

(d) apply the dehydrated paper web having the apparently random fiber distribution to a translation transfer surface that moves at a first speed;

(e) subject the paper strip from the transfer surface to tape a consistency of approximately 30 to approximately 60 percent, using a pattern pleated tape, the pressure pleated step taking place at one point of pleating belt fastener defined between the transfer surface and the pleating tape, in which the belt travels at a second speed less than the speed of the transfer surface, the tape pattern being selected, the parameters of the point of fastening, the speed delta and the consistency of the paper web so that the paper web experiences pleated from the transfer surface and is redistributed on the webbing to form a paper web with a lattice having a plurality of interconnected regions of different local ream weights including at least (i) a plurality of regions enriched with fibers having a local ream weight and raised, interconnected by means of (ii) a plurality of low local ream weight junction regions;

(f) dry the paper web; Y

(g) control the proportion of hardwood with respect to softwood, fiber length distribution, total pleating, blasting speed, stages of drying and pleating on tape as well as the pattern of pleating tape so that the paper web is characterized by having a CD stretch percentage that is at least about 2.75 times the dry tensile ratio of the paper web.

26. The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet in accordance with Embodiment 25, wherein the orientation of the fibers in the fiber-enriched regions is offset in CD.

27. The method of manufacturing an absorbent cellulosic sheet pleated on tape in accordance with Embodiment 25,

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operated on a fabric pleat of about 10 to about 100%.

28. The method of manufacturing an absorbent cellulosic sheet pleated on tape according to Embodiment 25, operated on a tissue pleat of at least about 40%.

29. The method of manufacturing an absorbent cellulosic sheet pleated on tape according to Embodiment 25, operated on a tissue pleat of at least about 60%.

30. The method of manufacturing an absorbent cellulosic sheet pleated on tape according to Embodiment 25, operated on a tissue pleat of at least about 80%.

31. The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet in accordance with Embodiment 25, operated on a fabric pleat of at least about 100% or more.

32. The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet in accordance with Embodiment 25, operated on a fabric pleat of at least about 125% or more.

33. The method of manufacturing an absorbent cellulosic sheet pleated on tape according to Embodiment 25, wherein the paper web comprises a secondary fiber.

Additional advantages and features of the present invention will be apparent from the following discussion.

Brief description of the figures

Next, the invention is described with reference to the Figures, in which:

Figure 1 is a photomicrograph (120 magnifications) in section along the machine direction of a fiber-enriched region of a pleated sheet of tissue;

Figure 2 is a diagram of the ratio of dry traction MD / CD versus jet speed delta / worm belt in feet per minute;

Figure 3 is a photomicrograph (10 magnifications) of the tissue side of a band of tissue pleated paper;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a paper machine that can be used to generate the products and implement the process of the present invention,

Figures 5 and 6 are CD stretch diagrams versus MD / CD tensile ratio for a 5.90 kg (13 lb) sheet produced with various fabrics and pleated ratios;

Figures 7 to 9 are CD stretch diagrams versus dry tensile ratio for several sheets of 10.89 kg (24 pounds) of the invention; Y

Figure 10 is a diagram of caliber reduction versus calendering load for various combinations of steel and rubber calender rollers.

Detailed description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to various embodiments and numerous examples. This discussion is for illustrative purposes only. Modifications of the particular examples within the scope and scope of the present invention, explained in the appended claims, will be apparent to the person skilled in the art.

Common meaning is given to the terminology used in the present invention with the exemplary definitions explained immediately below.

The absorbency of the products of the invention (SAT) is measured with a simple absorbency test device. The simple absorbency test device is a particularly useful apparatus for measuring the hydrophobic nature and absorbency properties of a tissue, napkin or wipe sample. In this test, a sample of 5.08 cm (2.0 inch) diameter tissue, napkin or wipe is mounted between a top flat plastic cover and a bottom slotted sample plate. The tissue, napkin or wipe sample is held in place by means of a circumference of 0.32 cm (1/8 inch) wide. The sample is not compressed by the holding device. Deionized water at 73 ° F is introduced into the sample in the center of the lower sample plate through a 1 mm diameter conduit. This water is in a hydrostatic head of less than 5 mm. The flow is initiated by means of a pulse introduced at the beginning of the measurement by means of the mechanism of the instrument. In this way, the water is impregnated in the tissue sample, napkin or wipe from this central entry point radially outwards by capillary action. When the water impregnation rate decreases below 0.005 g of water for every 5 seconds, the test concludes. The amount of water removed from the tank and absorbed by the sample is weighed and presented in grams of water per square meter of sample, at

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Unless stated otherwise. In practice, a Gravimetric Absorbency Test System from M / K Systems Inc is used. This is a commercial system that can be purchased from M / K System Inc., 12 Garden Street, Danver, Mass., 01923. The Water absorbent capacity or WAC, also called SAT, is actually determined by the instrument itself. WAC is defined as the point at which the weight versus time graph has a "zero" slope, that is, the sample has completed absorption. The termination criteria for a test are expressed as the maximum change in the weight of water absorbed in a fixed period of time. This is basically an estimate of the zero slope of the weight versus time graph. The program uses a change of 0.005 g in a time interval of 5 seconds as the termination criteria; unless "Sat Slow" is specified in which case the exclusion criterion is 1 mg in 20 seconds.

Throughout the present specification and the claims, when referring to a growing paper web having seemingly random fiber orientation distribution (or using a similar terminology), reference is made to the fiber orientation distribution that It is obtained when known forming techniques are used to deposit raw materials on the forming fabric. When examined under a microscope, the fibers provide the appearance of being randomly oriented although, depending on the jet and the speed of the symph belt, a significant deviation can occur towards the direction in the direction of the machine, causing the resistance in front of the traction in the direction of the machine of the paper band, it exceeds the resistance against the traction in the transverse direction.

Unless otherwise specified, "ream weight", BWT, bwt and the like, refers to the weight of a product ream of 3000 square feet. Consistency refers to the percentage of solids in a band of increasing paper, for example, calculated on the basis of total dryness. "Air dried" means that it includes residual moisture, by agreement up to approximately 10 percent moisture for paper pulp and up to 6% for paper. A growing paper band that has 50 percent water and 50 percent totally dry pulp has a consistency of 50 percent.

The term "cellulosic", the expression "cellulosic lamina" and the like means the inclusion of any product that incorporates papermaking fiber having cellulose as the main component. "Papermaking fibers" include virgin paper pulps or recycled (secondary) cellulosic fibers or mixtures of fibers comprising cellulosic fibers. Suitable fibers for the preparation of the paper webs of the present invention include: non-wood fibers, such as cotton fibers or cotton derivatives, abaca, kenaf, Sabai grass, flax, esparto grass, straw, hemp jute, bagasse, milkweed fluff fibers and pine leaf fibers; and wood fibers such as those obtained from deciduous trees and comfers, including softwood fibers, such as kraft softwood fibers from the south; hardwood fibers, such as eucalyptus, maple, birch, alamo or the like. Papermaking fibers can be released from their source material by any one of a number of chemical pulp formation processes that are familiar to the person skilled in the art and which include sulfate pulp formation, sulfite, polysulfide, soda, etc. The pulp can be bleached if desired by chemical means including the use of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, oxygen and the like. The products of the present invention may comprise a mixture of conventional fibers (from virgin pulp or from recycled sources) and tubular fibers rich in lignin of high thickness, such as thermochemical paper pulp with chemical bleaching (BCTMP). "Raw materials" and similar terminology refers to aqueous compositions that include papermaking fibers, wet strength resins, release agents and the like for the manufacture of paper products.

As used herein, the term "dehydration" by means of compaction of the paper web or the raw materials refers to mechanical dehydration by means of wet pressing on an endless wool belt for dehydration, for example, in some embodiments. by means of the use of mechanical pressure applied continuously on the surface of the paper web, in a clamping device between a pressing roller and a pressing support, in which the paper web is in contact with an endless belt of wool for papermaking. The expression "dehydration by means of compaction" is used to distinguish processes in which the initial dehydration of the paper web is largely carried out by thermal means as in the case, for example, of US Pat. No. °. 4,529,480 of Trokhan and United States Patent No. 5,607,551 of Farrington et al. as commented above. Dehydration by means of compacting a paper web refers in this way, for example, to the removal of water from an increasing paper web having a consistency of less than 30 percent or by applying pressure to the same and / or increasing the consistency of the paper web by approximately 15 percent or more by applying pressure on it.

"Tissue side" and similar terminology refers to the side of a paper web that is in contact with the pleated and dried tissue. "Drying device side" or the like is the side of a paper web opposite the fabric side of a paper web.

Fpm refers to feet per minute, while consistency refers to the fibers in percentage by weight of a paper web.

MD means machine direction and CD means machine direction.

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Clamping point parameters include, without limitation, the clamping point pressure, clamping point length, complementary roller hardness, tissue approach angle, tissue exit angle, uniformity and speed delta between surfaces of the attachment point.

Length of the attachment point means the length along which the surfaces of the attachment point are in contact.

"En lmea" and similar terminology means a process step that is carried out without removing the paper band from the paper machine in which it is produced. The paper strip is removed or calendered on the line when it is removed or calendered without cutting it before winding.

A translation transfer surface refers to the surface from which the paper web is pleated to give rise to the pleated tissue. The transfer transfer surface may be the surface of a rotary drum as described below, or it may be the surface of a continuous soft moving tape or other mobile tissue that may have surface texture and the like. It is necessary for the transfer transfer surface to support the paper web and facilitate a high pleat of solids as will be appreciated from the following discussion.

The thicknesses or thicknesses presented herein may be sheet thicknesses 1, 4 or 8. The sheets are stacked and the thickness measurement is taken approximately in the central part of the stack. Preferably, the test samples are conditioned in an atmosphere of 23 ° + 1 ° C (73.4 ° + 1.8 ° F) at a relative humidity of 50% for at least about 2 hours and subsequently measured with a Device Propage or Thwing-Albert Electronic Thick-Albert Model 89-II-JR Test with 2 '' (5.08 cm) diameter mouths (50.8 mm), 539 + 10 grams of deadweight load and rate of decrease of 0.59 cm (0.231 inches) / second. To test the finished product, each sheet of the product under test must have the same number of layers as the product being marketed. For the test in general, eight sheets are chosen and stacked together. For the napkin test, the napkins are wrapped before stacking. To test the base sheet of the winding devices, each sheet under test must have the same number of layers as the one produced by the winding device. For the testing of the base sheet of the paper machine reel, single layers should be used. The sheets are stacked together aligned in the MD. In the commercial printed or stamped product, try to avoid taking measurements in these areas whenever possible. The thickness can also be expressed in units of volume / weight by dividing the thickness by the weight of the ream.

Resistance against dry traction (MD and CD), stretching, proportions, modulus of rupture, tension and deformation are measured with a conventional Instron test device or other tensile tensile test device can be configured in various ways, usually using strips of tissue or wipe of 2.54 cm or 7.62 cm (1 or 3 inches) in width, conditioned at a relative humidity of 50% and 23 ° C (73.4), the tensile test device having a header speed of 5.08 cm (2 inches) / minute.

Traction proportions are simply proportions of the values determined by means of the above methods. The traction ratio refers to the MD / CD dry traction ratio unless otherwise stated. Unless otherwise specified, a traction property is a dry sheet property. Resistance to traction is sometimes referred to simply as traction. Unless otherwise specified, resistance to traction until breakage, stretching and the like are presented herein.

The "tissue pleat ratio" is an expression of the velocity differential between the pleat fabric and the sinfm forming tape and is usually calculated as the ratio of the velocity of a paper band immediately before the pleat and the speed of a band of paper immediately after pleating, since the sinfm forming tape and the transfer surface normally, but not necessarily, operate at the same speed:

Fabric pleat ratio = transfer cylinder speed pleat fabric speed

The pleated fabric can also be expressed in percentage calculated as:

Pleated fabric, percentage = proportion of pleated fabric -1 x 100%

Similarly, linear pleating (sometimes referred to as full pleating), reel pleating and the like are calculated as discussed above.

PLI or pli means pounds force per linear inch.

Predominantly it means more than about 50%, usually by weight; Totally dry base when referring to fibers.

The hardness of Pusey and Jones (P + J) (indentation), sometimes called P + J, is measured according to ASTM D

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531, and refers to the indentation number (conventional conditions and test sample).

Speed delta means a linear speed difference.

The volume of voids and / or volume ratio of voids, as discussed below, are determined by saturating a sheet with a POROFIL® non-polar liquid and measuring the amount of liquid absorbed. The volume of liquid absorbed is equivalent to the volume of voids within the structure of the sheet. The percentage weight increase (PWI) is expressed in grams of liquid absorbed by each gram of fiber in the sheet structure per 100, as discussed below. More specifically, for each single-layer sheet sample to be tested, 8 sheets are chosen and a square of 2.54 cm x 2.54 cm (1 inch by 1 inch) (2.54 cm (1 inch) is cut in the direction of the machine and 2.54 cm (1 inch) in the transverse direction of the machine). For multi-layer product samples, each layer is measured as a separate entity. Multiple samples should be separated into individual single layers and 8 sheets of each layer position are used for the test. Weigh and record the dry weight of each test sample up to the fourth decimal number in grams. Place the test sample on a dish containing POROFIL® liquid having a relative density of 1,875 grams per cubic centimeter, available from Coulter Electronics Ltd., Northwell Drive, Luton, Beds, England (Part No. 9902458). After 10 seconds, take the test sample at the end (1-2 millimeters from the edge) of a corner with tweezers and remove from the liquid. Maintain the test sample with said corner at the top and allow excess liquid to drip for 30 seconds. Lightly rub (less than 1/2 second of contact) the lower corner of the test sample on filter paper No. 4 (Whatman Lt., Maidstone, England) in order to remove any excess of the last remaining drop. Weigh the test sample immediately, in 10 seconds, recording the weight up to the fourth decimal number in grams. The PWI value is calculated for each test sample, expressed as grams of POROFIL® per gram of fiber, as shown below:

PWI = [WW-O / W-i] X 100%

in which

"W1" is the dry weight of the test sample, in grams; and "W2" is the wet weight of the test sample, in grams.

The PWI value for the eight individual test samples is determined as described above and the average of the eight test samples is the PWI value for the sample.

The volume ratio of gaps is calculated by dividing the PWI value by 1.9 (fluid density) to express the percentage ratio, while the volume of gaps (grams / gram) is simply the weight gain ratio; that is, PWI divided by 100.

In accordance with the present invention, an absorbent paper web is prepared by dispersing papermaking fibers in aqueous raw materials (suspension) and deposition of the aqueous raw material on the worm belt forming a machine for manufacturing paper, usually by means of a jet that is ejected from a header box. Any appropriate conformation scheme could be used. For example, a comprehensive, but not exhaustive listing, in addition to the Fourdrinier shaping devices includes a crescent forming device, a C-wrapping twin-tape forming device, a wrapping-twin-tape forming device. S or an anterior suction roller forming device. The shaping fabric may be any suitable foraminous member that includes single layer fabrics, double layer fabrics, triple layer fabrics, photopolymeric fabrics and the like. Non-exhaustive prior art in the area of conformation fabrics include US Pat. Nos.

4,157,276;

4,182,381;

4,640,741;

5,098,519;

4,605,585

4,184,519

4,709,732

5,103,874

4,161,195

4,314,589

4,759,391

5,114,777

3,545,705

4,359,069

4,759,976

5,167,261

3,549,742

4,376,455

4,942,077

5,199,261

3,858,623

4,379,735

4,967,085

5,199,467

4,041,989

4,453,573

4,998,568

5,211,815

4,071,050

4,564,052

5,016,678

5,219,004

4,112,982

4,592,395

5,054,525

5,245,025

4,149,571;

4,611,639;

5,066,532;

5,277,761;

5,328,565 and 5,379,808 all of them incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. A particularly useful conformation fabric with the present invention is Voith Fabrics 2164 Conformation Fabric manufactured by Voith Fabrics Corporation, Shreveport, LA.

Foam-forming of aqueous raw materials can be used on a sinfm forming or woven tape as a means to control the permeability or volume of voids in the sheet after the fabric is pleated. Foam-forming techniques are disclosed in United States Patent No. 4,543,156 and Canadian Patent No. 2,053,505, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. The foamy fiber raw material is prepared from an aqueous suspension of fibers mixed with a foamy liquid vehicle, just prior to its introduction into the header box. The pulp suspension supplied to the system has a consistency within the range of about 0.5 to about 7 percent by weight of fibers, preferably within the range of about 2.5 to about 4.5 percent by weight. The pulp suspension is added to a foaming liquid comprising water, air and surfactant

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containing 50 to 80 percent air by volume, forming a foamy fiber raw material having a consistency within the range of about 0.1 to about 3 percent by weight fiber, by simple mixing from natural turbulence and inherent mixing of process elements. The addition of paper pulp as a suspension of low consistency results in an excess of foamy liquid recovered from the sinfm forming belts. Excessive foaming liquid is discharged from the system and can be used at any other point or treated for the recovery of the surfactant therefrom.

The raw material may contain chemical additives to modify the physical properties of the paper produced. These chemical substances are well understood by the skilled artisan and can be used in any known combination. Such additives may be surface modifying agents, softeners, release agents, resistance aids, different types of latex, opacity conferring agents, optical brighteners, colorants, pigments, sizing agents, chemical barrier substances, retention aids, agents that favor insolubility, organic and inorganic crosslinking agents or combinations thereof; said chemical substances optionally comprise polyols, starches, PPG esters, PEG esters, phospholipids, surfactants, polyamines, HMCP or the like.

The pulp can be mixed with resistance adjusting agents such as wet strength agents, dry strength agents and release agents / softeners and the like. Wet strength agents are known to the skilled artisan. A detailed but non-exhaustive list of useful resistance adjuvants includes urea-formaldetute resins, melamine-formaldetute resins, glyoxylated polyacrylamide resins, epichlorohydrin-polyamide resins and the like. Thermostable polyacrylamides are produced by reacting acrylamide with diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) to produce a copolymer of cationic polyacrylamide that is finally reacted with glyoxal to produce a wet strength resin of cationic cross-linking, glyoxylated polyacrylamide. Generally, these materials are described in US Patent Nos. 3,556,932 of Coscia et al and 3,556,933 of Williams et al., Both incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. Resins of this type are found commercially

available under the trade name of PAREZ 631NC from Bayer Corporation. They can be used differently

molar proportions of acrylamide / -DADMAC / glyoxal to produce crosslinking resins, which are useful as wet strength agents. In addition, glyoxal can be substituted with other dialdehydes to produce resistance characteristics in thermosetting humid. Particularly useful are polyamide-epichlorohydrin wet strength resins, an example of which is marketed under the trade names of Kymene 557LX and Kymene 557H by Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, Delaware and Amres® of Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc. These resins and the process for preparing them are described in US Patent No. 3,700,623 and in U.S. Patent No. 3,772,076, each of which is incorporated in its entirety by reference herein. A broad description of polymeric resins-

Epichlorohydrin is provided in Chapter 2: Epichlorohydrin-Alkaline Curing Polymeric Amine by Spy

in Wet Strengh Resins and Their Application (L. Chan, Editor, 1994), incorporated in its entirety by reference herein. A reasonably detailed list of wet strength resins is described by West felt in Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, Volume 13, p. 813, 1979, which is incorporated by reference herein.

Similarly, appropriate temporary wet strength agents can be included. A detailed but non-exhaustive list of useful temporary wet strength agents includes aliphatic and aromatic aldetutes including glyoxal, malonic dialdehyde, succmic dialdehyde, glutaraldehyde and dialdehyde starches, as well as substituted or reacted starches, disacarids, polysaccharides, polysaccharides, polysaccharides or other polymeric reaction products subjected to the reaction of monomers or polymers having aldehyde groups, and optionally, nitrogen groups. Representative nitrogen-containing polymers, which can be reacted appropriately with aldehyde-containing monomers or polymers, include vinyl amides, acrylamides and related nitrogen-containing polymers. These polymers give a positive charge to the reaction product that contains aldehyde. In addition, other commercially available temporary wet strength agents, such as PAREZ 745, manufactured by Bayer, may be used in conjunction with those disclosed, for example, in US Patent No. 4,605,702.

The temporary wet strength resin can be any one of a variety of water-soluble organic polymers comprising aldehyde units and cationic units, used to increase the dry and wet tensile strength of the paper product. Such resins are described in US Patent Nos. 4,675,394; 5,240,562; 5,138,002; 5,085,736; 4,981,557; 5,008,344; 4,603,176; 4,983,748; 4,866,151; 4,804,769 and 5,217,576. Modified starches marketed under the trade names of CO-BOND® 1000 and CO-BOND® 1000 Plus may be used by the National Starch and Chemical Company of Bridgewater, N.J. Prior to use, the cationic aldehyde water soluble polymer can be prepared by preheating an aqueous suspension of about 5% solids maintained at a temperature of about 240 degrees Fahrenheit and a pH of about 2.7 for about 3, 5 minutes. Finally, the suspension can be inactivated and diluted by adding water to produce a mixture of about 1.0% in solids at less than about 130 degrees Fahrenheit.

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Other temporary wet strength agents, also available from the National Starch and Chemical Company, are marketed under the trade names of CO-BOND® 1600 and CO-BOND® 2300. These starches are provided in the form of aqueous colloidal dispersions and do not require preheating before use.

Temporary wet strength agents such as glyoxylated polyacrylamide can be used. Temporary wet strength agents such as glyoxylated polyacrylamide resins are produced by reacting acrylamide with diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) to produce a cationic polyacrylamide copolymer that is finally reacted with glyoxal starting to produce a temporary wet strength resin or semi-permanent cationic cross-linking, glyoxylated polyacrylamide. Generally, these materials are described in United States Patent No. 3,556,932 of Coscia et al., And in United States Patent No. 3,556,933 to Williams et al., Both of which are incorporated by reference herein. Resins of this type are commercially available under the trade name of PAREZ 631NC, by Bayer Industries. Different molar proportions of acrylamide / DADMAC / glyoxal can be used to produce crosslinking resins, which are useful as wet strength agents. In addition, glyoxal can be substituted with other dialdehydes to produce wet strength characteristics.

Appropriate dry strength agents include starch, guar gum, polyacrylamide, carboxymethyl cellulose and the like. Of particular interest is carboxymethyl cellulose, an example of which is marketed under the trade name of Hercules CMC, by Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, Delaware. According to one embodiment, the pulp can contain from about 0 to about 6.80 kg (15 pounds) / ton of dry strength agent. According to another embodiment, the pulp can contain from about 0.45 kg (1 pound) to about 2.27 kg (5 pounds) / ton of dry strength agent.

Similarly, the appropriate release agents are known to the skilled artisan. It is also possible to incorporate the release agents or softeners into the pulp or they can be sprayed onto the paper web once it has been formed. The present invention can also be used with softening materials including, but not limited to, the class of amine amide salts from partially acidic neutralized amines. Such materials are disclosed in United States Patent No. 4,720,383. Evans, Chemistry and Industry, July 5, 1969, pp. 893-903; Egan, J. Am. OilChemist's Soc., Vol. 55 (1978), pp. 118121; and Trivedi et al., J. Am. Oil Chemist's Soc., June 1981, pp. 754-756, incorporated entirely by reference, indicates that, frequently, softeners are commercially available only as complex mixtures rather than as individual compounds. Although the following discussion focuses on the predominant species, it should be understood that, from a practical point of view, commercially available mixtures are generally used.

Quasoft 202-JR is an appropriate softening material, which can be derived from alkylation of a condensation product of oleic acid and diethylenetriamine. Synthesis conditions that use a deficiency of alkylating agent (for example, diethyl sulfate) and only an alkylation stage, followed by pH adjustment to protonate non-ethylated species, result in a mixture consisting of non-ethylated species cationic and cationic ethylated. A secondary proportion (for example, approximately 10%) of the resulting amine amido undergoes cyclisation to give imidazoline compounds. Since only the imidazoline parts of these materials are quaternary ammonium compounds, the compositions are pH sensitive as a whole. Therefore, in the practice of the present invention with this class of chemical substances, the pH of the header box should be approximately 6 to 8, more preferably 6 to 7 and most preferably 6.5 to 7.

Quaternary ammonium compounds, such as dialkyl and dimethyl quaternary ammonium salts, are also particularly suitable when the alkyl groups contain about 10 to 24 carbon atoms. These compounds have the advantage of being relatively insensitive to pH.

Biodegradable softeners can be used. Representative biodegradable cationic stripping agents / softeners are disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 5,312,522; 5,415,737; 5,262,007; 5,264,082 and 5,223,096, all of them fully incorporated by reference herein. The compounds are biodegradable diesters of quaternary ammonium compounds, quaternized amine esters and esters based on biodegradable vegetable oil with functionality of quaternary ammonium chloride and diester diethyl dimethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and are representative biodegradable softeners.

In some embodiments, a particularly preferred release agent composition includes a quaternary amine component as well as a non-ionic surfactant.

Normally, the growing net is dehydrated on an endless belt of papermaking wool. Any appropriate woolen sinfm strap can be used. For example, wool sinfm straps can have double-layer base weave, triple layer base weave or laminated base weave. Preferred wool symph straps are those with a laminated base weaving design. A wet press belt that can be particularly useful with the present invention is Vector 3 manufactured by Voith Fabric. Prior art in the area of press wool sinfm tape includes US patents Nos. 5,657,797; 5,368,696; 4,973,512; 5,023,132; 5,225,269; 5,182,164; 5,372,876 and 5,618,612. In the same way you can also use a

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differential pressing wool sinfm tape as disclosed in United States Patent No. 4,533,437 of Curran et al.

Any appropriate fabric or pleating tape can be used. Appropriate pleat fabrics include single layer, multiple layer or material preferably composed of open lattice structures. The fabrics can have at least one of the following characteristics: (1) on the side of the pleated fabric that is in contact with the wet band (the "upper" side), the number of threads in the machine direction (MD ) per centimeter is 3.93 to 78.74 (lattice) (10 to 200 strands per inch) and the number of strands in the transverse direction (CD) per centimeter is also 3.93 to 78.74 (account ) (10 to 200 strands per inch); (2) normally the thread diameter is less than 0.13 cm (0.050 inches); (3) on the upper side, the distance between the highest point of the MD hinges and the highest point of the CD hinges is about 25.4 micrometers (0.001 inches) to about 508 micrometers (0.02 inches) or 762 micrometers (0.03 inches); (4) between these two levels there may be hinges formed by either MD or CD strands that give the topography a three-dimensional peak / valley appearance that is conferred on the sheet during the wet modeling stage; (5) The fabric can be oriented in any way as long as the desired effect on the processing and on the properties of the product is achieved; long warp flaps can be on the upper side to increase the product's MD flanges, or long silk weft flaps can be on the upper side if more CD flanges are desired to influence pleat characteristics as the band is transferred from the transfer cylinder to the pleated fabric; and (6) the fabric can be prepared to show certain geometric patterns that are pleasing to the eye, which are usually repeated every two to 50 warp threads. Commercially available rough fabrics include a number of fabrics manufactured by Voith Fabrics.

Thus, the pleated fabric can be of the class described in US Patent No. 5,607,551 to Farrington et al., Columns 7-8, as well as the fabrics described in United States Patent No. 4,239,065 to Trokhan and U.S. Patent No. 3,974,025 to Ayers. Said tissues may have from about 7.87 to 23.62 gratings per centimeter (from 20 to about 60 graft per inch) and are formed from monofilament polymer fibers having diameters normally ranging from about 203.2 micrometers to 635 micrometers (from 0.008 to about 0.025 inches). Both warp and weft filaments can have the same diameter, although they do not necessarily have it.

In some cases, the filaments are woven and configured in a complementary and serpentine fashion, in at least the Z-direction (the thickness of the fabric) to provide a first grouping or matrix of flat cross-tops of coplanar upper surface of both sets of filaments; and a second predetermined grouping or matrix of upper sub-surface crossings. The matrices are inter-dispersed so that the parts of the flat upper surface crosses define a wicker basket type cavities on the upper surface of the fabric, the cavities being arranged in a zigzag relation both the machine direction (MD ) as in the transverse direction of the machine (CD), and so that each cavity encompasses at least one upper sub-surface crossing. The cavities are enclosed in a discrete and perimeter way, in the plan view, by a stake-like contour comprising parts of a plurality of the upper surface flat crossings. The tissue loop may comprise heat deposited monofilaments of thermoplastic material; the upper surfaces of the coplanar upper surface flat crosses can be monoplanar smooth surfaces. Specific embodiments of the invention include saten weavings as well as three or more open weave weavings, and lattice beads of about 10 x 10 to about 4 x 4 to 47 x 47 filaments per centimeter (120 x 120 filaments per inch ). Although the range of lattice beads is from about 7 x 6 to about 22 x 19 filaments per centimeter (from 18 by 16 to about 55 by 48 filaments per inch).

Instead of a printing fabric, a drying device fabric can be used as pleated fabric if desired. Appropriate fabrics are described in US Patent Nos. 5,449,026 (woven style) and 5,690,149 (stacked MD tape thread style) by Lee as well as United States Patent No. 4,490,925 to Smith (spiral style).

Preferably, a pleating adhesive used on the Yankee cylinder is capable of cooperating with the paper web at an intermediate humidity to facilitate the transfer from the pleating fabric to the Yankee device and to firmly fix the paper web to the Yankee cylinder as it dries to a consistency of 95% or more on the cylinder, preferably with a high volume drying hood. The adhesive is critical for the operation of the stable system at high production rates and is an adhesive that is substantially non-crosslinkable, suitable for re-wetting and hygroscopic. Examples of preferred adhesives are those that include polyvinyl alcohol of the general class described in US Patent No. 4,528,316 to Soerens et al. Other appropriate adhesives are disclosed in the United States Patent Application pending together with this No. Series 10 / 409.042 (No. Publication US 2005/0006040 A1), filed on April 9, 2003, entitled "Creping Adhesive Modifier and Process for Producing Paper Products" (Representative's Mandatory No. 2394). Disclosures of the '316 patent and the' 042 application are incorporated by reference herein. Optionally, said adhesives may be provided with modifiers and the like. In many cases, it is preferable to use a crosslinking agent sparingly or not to use it in the adhesive; by way of

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that the resin is substantially unfit for crosslinking during use.

The present invention can be seen in reference to the Figures, especially Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 shows a cross-section (120 magnifications) along MD of a pleated sheet of fabric illustrating a region 12 with fiber-enriched crest . It is observed that the paper strip has transverse micro-folds with respect to the machine direction, that is, the flanges or wrinkles extend in the CD direction (in the photograph). It is appreciated that the fibers of the fiber-enriched region 12 have a deviated orientation of the CD direction, especially on the right side of the region 12, in which the paper web comes into contact with a flap of the pleated fabric. The speed delta of the conforming / jet auger belt (blasting speed-speed of the auger belt) has an important influence on the traction rate as seen in Figure 2; an influence that is markedly different from that observed in conventional wet pressed products.

Figure 2 is a diagram of the ratio of traction MD / CD (resistance to breakage) against the difference between the speed of the jet in the header box and the speed of the sinfrn forming belt (fpm). The upper U-shaped curve is typical of a conventional wet-pressed absorbent sheet. The broadest lower curve is typical of a pleated tissue product of the invention. It is easily seen in Figure 2 that MD / Cd tractions below 1.5 or the like are achieved in accordance with the invention over a wide range of jet velocity delta values with respect to auger belt, a range that is more than twice that of the CWP curve shown. In this way, the control of the sinking belt speed of the header box jet can be used to achieve the desired sheet properties.

It can also be seen from Figure 2 that the proportions of MD / CD below the square (that is, below 1) are difficult, if not impossible to obtain with conventional processing. In addition, square or below sheets are formed by means of the invention without a large amount of fiber aggregates or "floccules", which is not the case with CWP products with low MD / CD traction rates. This difference is due, in part, to the relatively small delta velocity values necessary to achieve low tractions in CWP products and may be due, in part, to the fact that the fiber is redistributed on the pleated fabric when the web is subjected from paper to pleated from the transfer surface according to the invention.

In many products, the properties in the transverse direction of the machine are more important than the properties in the mD direction, in particular with the formation of commercial wipes in which the resistance in wet CD is critical. A major source of product failure is the "shredding" or tearing of only one piece of wipe instead of the desired sheet. According to the invention, the relative CD tractions can be selectively raised by means of the control of the header box to form a delta value of symphonic belt speed of fabric shaping and pleating.

Figure 3 is a photomicrograph (10 magnification) of the tissue side of a band of tissue pleated paper. Again, it can be seen in Figure 3 that the sheet 10 has a plurality of very pronounced regions 12 enriched in fibers, of high ream weight, which have fibers with orientation deviated in the transverse direction of the machine (CD) linked by means of relatively low ream weight junction regions 14, which have fiber orientation offset in the direction between regions enriched with fibers or with ridges.

The orientation deviation can also be seen in Figure 1, especially when the fibers with CD deviation of the regions 12 enriched in fibers and with ridges are cut in the preparation of the test samples in the center of the region 12. Up to on the left of region 12, in the region of union, it can be seen that the fiber deflects more along the machine direction between the fiber-enriched regions. These characteristics are also observed in a simple way in Figure 3 with a smaller increase, so that the fiber deviation in the regions 14 extends between the crest regions.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a paper machine 15 having a section 17 of conventional twin worm band, a woven worm belt line 19, a support press section 16, a pleat fabric 18 and a Yankee drying device 20 suitable for carrying out the present invention. The forming section 12 includes a pair of forming fabrics 22, 24 on a support of a plurality of rollers 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 and a forming roller 38. A header box 40 provides the raw materials of papermaking in the form of a jet to a fastening point 42 between the forming roller 38 and the roller 26 and the tissues. The control of the jet velocity with respect to the forming fabrics is an important aspect to control the proportion of traction, as can be appreciated by the person skilled in the art. The raw material forms a band 44 of increasing paper that is dehydrated on the tissues with the aid of vacuum, for example, by means of a vacuum box 46.

The growing paper web is advanced to a belt 48 of papermaking wool found on a support by means of a plurality of rollers 50, 52, 54, 55 and the woolen endless belt is in contact with a support press roller 56. The paper band is of low consistency and is transferred to the woolen worm belt. The transfer can be assisted by means of vacuum; for example roller 50 can be

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a vacuum roller if desired or a vacuum support or pickup as is known in the art. As the paper web reaches the support press roll it can have a consistency of 10-25 percent, preferably 20 to 25 percent or the like as it penetrates the fastening point 58 between the press roller 56 support and transfer roller 60. Transfer roller 60 may be a hot roller if desired. Instead of a support press roller, roller 56 could be a conventional suction pressure roller. If a support press is used, it is desirable and preferred that the roller 54 be an effective vacuum roller for removing water from the wool sinfm tape before the wool sinfm tape penetrates the support press fastening point since the water from the raw materials is subjected to pressure on the woolen sinfm tape at the point of attachment of the support press. In any case, using a vacuum roller or STR at 54 it is normally desirable to ensure that the paper web remains in contact with the woolen sinfm tape during the change of direction, as will be appreciated by one skilled in the art from the diagram.

The paper web 44 is subjected to wet pressing on the woolen sinfm tape at the fastening point 58 with the aid of a pressure support 62. In this way, the paper web is dehydrated by means of compaction at 58, usually by by means of increasing consistency by means of 15 or more points at this stage of the process. Generally, the configuration shown in 58 is called the support press; in connection with the present invention the cylinder 60 is operative as a transfer cylinder that operates to transport the paper web 44 at high speed, usually from 304.80-1828.80 m / min (1000 fpm-6000 fpm) to the tissue Pleated

The cylinder 60 has a smooth surface 64 that can be provided with an adhesive and / or release agents if desired. The paper web 44 adheres to the transfer surface 64 of the cylinder 60 which rotates at a high angular speed as the paper web advances in the direction of the machine indicated by means of the arrows 66. On the cylinder, the paper band 44 has an apparent random fiber distribution generally.

Address 66 is referred to as the machine address (MD) of the paper web as well as the paper machine 15; while the transverse direction of the machine (CD) is the direction in the plane of the paper strip perpendicular to the MD direction.

The paper web 44 penetrates the attachment point 58 normally at consistencies of 10-25 percent or the like and is dehydrated and dried to consistencies of about 25 to about 70, at the time it is transferred to the pleated fabric 18 As shown in the diagram.

The fabric 18 is located on a roller support 68, 70, 72 and a press clamp roller or solid pressure roller 74 such that a fabric pleat fastening point 76 is formed with a transfer cylinder 60 as is shown in the diagram.

The pleat fabric defines a point of pleat fastening over the distance in which the pleat fabric 18 is adapted to the contact roller 60; that is, it applies sufficient pressure to the paper web against the transfer cylinder. To this end, the complementary roller 70 (or pleated) may be provided with a soft deformable surface that increases the length of the pleat fastening point and increases the angle of pleated tissue between the fabric and the laminate and the point may be used of contact or the support press roller as roller 70 to increase effective contact with the paper web at point 76 of high-impact fabric pleat fastening, where paper web 44 is transferred to tissue 18 and advances in The machine address. By using a different device at the point of pleating, it is possible to adjust the angle of pleating of tissue or the angle of withdrawal from the point of attachment of pleating. In this way, it is possible to exert influence on the nature and amount of fiber redistribution, delaminated / detached that can take place at the point 76 of fabric pleat fastening by adjusting these parameters of the fastening point. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to restructure the interfibrillar features in the z-direction, while in other cases it may be desirable to exert influence only on the plane of the paper web. Pleated fastening point parameters can influence the distribution of the fiber in the paper web in a variety of directions, including the induction of changes in the z-direction as well as in the MD and CD directions. In any case, the transfer from the transfer cylinder to the pleated fabric is of high impact, since the tissue is traveling more slowly than the paper web and a significant change in speed takes place. Normally, the paper web experiences pleating at any point of 10-60 percent and even higher, during the transfer from the pleating cylinder to the tissue.

Generally, the pleat fastener point 76 extends over a distance of tissue pleat fastener point to anywhere from about 1/8 "to about 2", usually 1/2 "to 2". For a pleat fabric with 12.6 CD strands per centimeter (32 CD strands per inch), thus, the paper web 44 stumbles at any point with approximately 4 to 64 weft filaments at the fastening point.

The clamping pressure at the clamping point 76, that is, the load between the complementary roller 70 and the transfer roller 60 is suitably 20,100, preferably 7000-12250 N / m (40-70 pounds per linear inch) ( PLI).

After the fabric pleat, the paper strip advances along MD 66 where it is subjected to wet pressure

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on a Yankee 80 cylinder at transfer clamping point 82. Generally, the transfer at the fastening point 82 takes place at a paper web consistency of about 25 to about 70 percent. To these consistencies, it is difficult to adhere the paper web to the surface 84 of the cylinder 80 firmly enough so as to remove the paper web from the tissue completely. Normally, an adhesive composition of poly (vimlicoypoliamide alcohol) is applied as discussed above at 86 as necessary.

If desired, a ford box can be used in 67 in order to increase the thickness. Typically, a ford of approximately 127 mm to 762 mm (5 to approximately 30 inches) of Mercury is used.

The paper band is dried on a Yankee 80 cylinder which is a hot cylinder and by means of high-speed jet collision air in the Yankee bell 88. As the cylinder rotates, the paper band 44 experiences pleating from the cylinder by means of the pleat shredder 89 and wound on a roll 90 advance regulator. Pleated paper can be carried out from a Yankee drying device using an undulating pleat blade, such as that disclosed in United States Patent No. 5,690,788, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. It has been proven that the use of the wave pleating blade confers several advantages when used in the production of tissue products. In general, pleated tissue products using a wave blade have a greater thickness (thickness), greater CD strength and a larger void volume than comparable tissue products produced using conventional pleat blades. All these changes carried out by means of the wave blade tend to correlate with a better perception of softness of the tissue products.

Optionally, a calendering station 85 is provided with rollers 85 (a), 85 (b) to subject the sheet to calendering if desired.

When a wet pleating process is employed, a collision air device, a through-air device or a plurality of capsule drying devices can be used instead of a Yankee device. Collision air drying devices are disclosed in the following patents and applications, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein:

United States Patent No. 5,865,955 from Ilvespaa et al.

United States Patent No. 5,968,590 to Ahonen et al.

United States Patent No. 6,001,421 of Ahonen et al.

United States Patent No. 6,119,362 of Sundqvist et al.

United States Patent Application No. 09 / 733,172 entitled Wet Crepe, Impingement-Air Dry Process for Making Absorbent Sheet, now US Patent No. 6,432,267.

A pass-through drying unit is well known in the art and is described in United States Patent No. 3,432,936 to Cole et al., The disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein as well as United States Patent No. 5,851,353 disclosing a capsule drying system.

Representative Examples

Using a general class apparatus of Figure 4, an absorbent sheet with various weights, pleat ratios and the like was prepared. This material exhibited high CD resistance at low dry tensile ratios as seen particularly in Figures 5 to 9. As can be seen from the previous discussion and the following examples, the relative ream weight of fiber-enriched regions and the regions of union, the degree of formation of ridges, the orientation of the fibers and the geometry of the lattice are controlled by means of the appropriate selection of the materials and the fabrics, as well as also controlling the proportion of pleated tissue, Parameters of the clamping point and the delta value of the jet speed to the sinfm belt.

Table 1 shows the data for representative products for base sheets and Table 2 for converted sheets.

In relation to the following Tables and Examples, sometimes the following abbreviations appear:

BRT - Tisu for bathroom

CD, MD - Without additional specification, refers to

tensile strength

% of CD,% of MD - Stretch until breakage in the direction

indicated

 CMC

 - Carboxymethyl cellulose

 CWP

 - Conventional Wet Press

 FC

 - Fabric pleat or tissue pleat ratio

 GM, GMT

 - Geometric Metric, normally traction

 Mod

 - Module

 Proportion

 - Proportion of Dry Traction, MD / CD

 SPR

 - Solid pressure roller, roller 74 shown in Figure 4

 STR

 - Suction dump roller, roller 54 as seen in Figure 4

 T

 - Ton

 TAD

 Air Drying

 819

 It refers to the pattern of stamping of document USP 6,827,819

Table 1 - Representative Examples 1-194 - Base Laminate Data

 Example

 Ream Weight Kg / cm2 (pounds / 3000 ftA2) Thickness of 8 mm / 8 sheets thousandth of an inch / 8 sheets MD Traction g / cm g / 3 inches MD Stretch% CD Traction g / cm g / 3 inches CD Stretch% GM Traction g / cm g / 3 inches Dry Traction Ratio%

 one

 0.04 (24.8) 1.96 (77.1) 135.3 (1031) 37.1 77.0 (587) 7.6 102.1 (778) 1.75

 2

 0.04 (25.4) 1.94 (76.4) 145.3 (1107) 37.2 81.5 (621) 7.0 108.8 (829) 1.78

 3

 0.04 (24.6) 1.98 (77.9) 124, 4 (948) 37.3 70.7 (539) 7.4 93.8 (715) 1.76

 4

 0.04 (25.6) 1.93 (75.9) 141.7 (1080) 36.0 76.1 (580) 7.0 103.8 (791) 1.86

 5

 0.04 (24.9) 2.02 (79.6) 126.9 (967) 37.0 68.4 (521) 7.4 93.0 (709) 1.86

 6

 0.04 (25.0) 1.93 (76.0) 106.8 (814) 28.9 63.9 (487) 5.2 82.4 (628) 1.67

 7

 0.02 (12.3) 1.48 (58.3) 95.1 (725) 33.4 37.8 (288) 8.3 59.8 (456) 2.52

 8

 0.02 (12.6) 1.50 (59.2) 113.0 (861) 33.3 36.9 (281) 9.8 64.4 (491) 3.07

 9

 0.02 (12.4) 1.46 (57.5) 103.7 (790) 32.9 39.0 (297) 9.9 63.5 (484) 2.66

 10

 0.02 (12.2) 1.42 (56.1) 112.5 (857) 31.7 37.9 (289) 9.3 65.2 (497) 2.97

 eleven

 0.02 (12.5) 1.67 (65.7) 73.6 (561) 55.9 38.2 (291) 10.4 53.0 (404) 1.93

 12

 0.02 (12.2) 1.70 (66.9) 75.6 (576) 59.4 28.6 (218) 12.8 46.6 (355) 2.64

 13

 0.02 (12.2) 1.73 (68.0) 101.2 (771) 54.9 31.5 (240) 14.8 56.4 (430) 3.22

 14

 0.02 (12.1) 1.74 (68.3) 91.5 (697) 55.4 28.5 (217) 15.8 51.0 (389) 3.21

 fifteen

 0.03 (20.0) 1.88 (74.0) 100.8 (768) 62.3 63.5 (484) 10.4 80.1 (610) 1.59

 16

 0.03 (21.2) 1.75 (68.8) 103.0 (785) 58.1 73.6 (561) 6.6 87.1 (664) 1.40

 17

 0.02 (12.2) 1.46 (57.6) 102.0 (777) 33.1 33.1 (252) 10.0 58.1 (443) 3.08

 18

 0.02 (12.4) 1.49 (58.6) 103.3 (787) 31.8 35.8 (273) 7.6 60, 9 (464) 2.88

 19

 0.02 (11.8) 1.39 (54.6) 84.3 (642) 29.9 29.9 (228) 8.8 50.3 (383) 2.81

 twenty

 0.02 (12.2) 1.45 (57.3) 89.0 (678) 33.0 30.3 (231) 8.6 52.0 (396) 2.93

 twenty-one

 0.02 (12.6) 1.52 (59.9) 91.9 (700) 33.7 32.9 (251) 8.7 55, 0 (419) 2.79

 22

 0.02 (12.6) 1.51 (59.6) 88.6 (675) 34.0 29.4 (224) 7.6 51.0 (389) 3.01

 Example

 Ream Weight Kg / cm2 (pounds / 3000 ftA2) Thickness of 8 mm / 8 sheets thousandth of an inch / 8 sheets MD Traction g / cm g / 3 inches MD Stretch% CD Traction g / cm g / 3 inches CD Stretch% GM Traction g / cm g / 3 inches Dry Traction Ratio%

 2. 3

 0.020 (12.5) 1.44 (56.9) 99.08 (755) 33.6 34.51 (263) 8.3 58.40 (445) 2.88

 24

 0.019 (11.9) 1.44 (56.8) 95.01 (724) 31.1 34.38 (262) 7.4 57.09 (435) 2.76

 25

 0.019 (12.0) 1.40 (55.2) 101.05 (770) 32.5 33.07 (252) 7.4 57.74 (440) 3.06

 26

 0.040 (25.0) 1.94 (76.6) 163.38 (1245) 46.6 100.92 (769) 7.0 128.48 (979) 1.62

 27

 0.039 (24.4) 1.72 (67.7) 145.01 (1105) 45.4 99.87 (761) 6.5 120.21 (916) 1.45

 28

 0.039 (24.3) 1.66 (65.3) 119.55 (911) 44.4 107.35 (818) 5.4 (113.25 863) 1.11

 29

 0.039 (24.5) 1.66 (65.6) 116.54 (888) 44.5 101.05 (770) 5.3 108.53 (827) 1.15

 30

 0.034 (21.1) 1.97 (77.5) 60.89 (464) 43.4 48.56 (370) 6.2 54.33 (414) 1.25

 31

 0.034 (20.9) 1.81 (71.1) 64.83 (494) 41.6 49.61 (378) 5.7 56.69 (432) 1.30

 32

 0.034 (21.0) 1.70 (67.1) 86.61 (660) 43.4 64.44 (491) 5.3 74.67 (569) 1.35

 33

 0.033 (20.7) 1.63 (64.4) 82.02 (625) 41.4 68.24 (520) 4.9 74.67 (569) 1.20

 3. 4

 0.034 (20.9) 1.63 (64.4) 91.21 (695) 42.4 73.10 (557) 5.0 81.63 (622) 1.25

 35

 0.035 (21.8) 2.25 (88.5) 95.54 (728) 48.5 80.97 (617) 4.8 87.93 (670) 1.18

 36

 0.034 (21.4) 1.67 (65.7) 132.81 (1012) 48.8 105.77 (806) 6.5 118.50 (903) 1.26

 37

 0.033 (20.8) 1.97 (77.6) 88.32 (673) 47.9 79.40 (605) 6.0 83.73 (638) 1.11

 38

 0.033 (20.6) 1.92 (75.7) 89.50 (682) 46.7 91.99 (701) 5.5 90.68 (691) 0.97

 39

 0.033 (20.6) 1.63 (64.2) 94.75 (722) 44.2 91.73 (699) 5.5 93.18 (710) 1.03

 40

 0.033 (20.8) 1.65 (64.8) 95.28 (726) 44.0 89.76 (684) 5.1 92.52 (705) 1.06

 41

 0.034 (21.2) 1.66 (65.4) 108.79 (829) 45.8 105.51 (804) 5.4 107.09 (816) 1.03

 42

 0.034 (21.2) 1.78 (70.2) 102.36 (780) 49.3 95.67 (729) 5.8 98.95 (754) 1.07

 43

 0.034 (21.0) 1.75 (68.8) 103.67 (790) 46.6 97.51 (743) 5.7 100.39 (765) 1.06

 44

 0.035 (21.6) 1.85 (72.9) 104.07 (793) 52.0 101.50 (770) 6.1 102.49 (781) 1.03

 Four. Five

 0.032 (19.9) 1.79 (70.7) 68.11 (519) 53.9 75.98 (579) 6.8 71.92 (548) 0.90

 46

 0.036 (22.4) 1.89 (74.5) 97.90 (746) 57.2 101.44 (773) 6.4 99.61 (759) 0.96

 47

 0.035 (21.7) 1.73 (68.3) 87.14 (664) 54.3 92.13 (702) 6.7 89.63 (683) 0.95

 48

 0.038 (23.8) 1.91 (75.2) 75.20 (573) 71.9 81.50 (621) 7.6 78.22 (596) 0.92

 49

 0.039 (24.0) 1.87 (74.0) 76.51 (583) 46.1 84.78 (646) 5.5 80.45 (613) 0.90

 fifty

 0.037 (23.0) 1.82 (71.9) 71.26 (543) 44.4 73.10 (557) 5.4 72.18 (550) 0.98

 Example

 Ream Weight Kg / cm2 (pounds / 3000 ftA2) Thickness of 8 mm / 8 sheets thousandth of an inch / 8 sheets MD Traction g / cm g / 3 inches MD Stretch% CD Traction g / cm g / 3 inches CD Stretch% GM Traction g / cm g / 3 inches Dry Traction Ratio%

 51

 0.038 (23.5) 1.76 (69.2) 89.11 (679) 53.4 80.31 (612) 6.2 84.51 (644) 1.11

 52

 0.038 (23.6) 1.85 (73.0) 72.31 (551) 44.6 74.93 (571) 6.1 73.62 (561) 0.96

 53

 0.038 (23.6) 1.78 (70.0) 79.13 (603) 47.0 96.72 (737) 5.6 87.40 (666) 0.82

 54

 0.037 (23.3) 1.86 (73.4) 66.93 (510) 59.3 80.97 (617) 6.0 73.62 (561) 0.83

 55

 0.039 (24.5) 1.88 (74.0) 71.52 (545) 62.3 89.50 (682) 6.8 79.79 (608) 0.80

 56

 0.039 (24.2) 1.84 (72.6) 74.67 (569) 68.4 88.71 (676) 6.4 81.36 (620) 0.84

 57

 0.039 (24.0) 1.80 (70.9) 65.49 (499) 59.7 80.05 (610) 8.4 72.44 (552) 0.82

 58

 0.039 (24.2) 2.02 (79.5) 85.43 (651) 66.3 94.88 (723) 6.1 90.03 (686) 0.90

 59

 0.039 (24.0) 1.62 (63.9) 69.29 (528) 58.0 87.93 (670) 6.5 78.08 (595) 0.79

 60

 0.037 (23.0) 1.62 (63.9) 66.80 (509) 57.2 78.48 (598) 7.7 72.44 (552) 0.85

 61

 0.038 (23.7) 1.72 (67.6) 68.90 (525) 53.8 95.28 (726) 7.4 80.97 (617) 0.72

 62

 0.038 (23.7) 2.47 (97.2) 86.22 (657) 50.1 103.02 (785) 5.3 94.33 (718) 0.83

 63

 0.039 (24.3) 1.67 (65.6) 92.13 (702) 43.3 93.44 (712) 4.5 92.65 (706) 0.99

 64

 0.037 (22.8) 1.40 (55.2) 75.85 (578) 37.6 99.34 (757) 5.2 86.75 (661) 0.76

 65

 0.037 (23.1) 1.30 (51.2) 77.69 (592) 33.1 106.69 (813) 5.0 91.08 (694) 0.73

 66

 0.037 (23.0) 1.73 (68.1) 71.39 (544) 59.7 72.05 (549) 7.7 71.65 (546) 0.99

 67

 0.039 (24.3) 1.65 (65.0) 107.48 (819) 40.3 88.06 (671) 7.5 97.24 (741) 1.22

 68

 0.037 (23.0) 1.54 (60.7) 80.58 (614) 37.5 87.53 (667) 5.8 83.86 (639) 0.92

 69

 0.038 (23.4) 1.56 (61.4) 104.33 (795) 40.0 109.71 (836) 5.8 106.82 (814) 0.95

 70

 0.038 (23.4) 1.53 (60.3) 98.82 (753) 38.4 103.54 (789) 5.7 101.18 (771) 0.95

 71

 0.039 (24.3) 2.22 (87.6) 96.72 (737) 45.8 109.32 (833) 6.1 102.89 (784) 0.88

 72

 0.037 (22.9) 1.52 (59.8) 76.90 (586) 36.6 80.58 (614) 5.7 78.74 (600) 0.95

 73

 0.041 (25.4) 1.45 (57.3) 128.35 (978) 34.9 136.88 (1043) 5.4 132.41 (1009) 0.94

 74

 0.038 (23.9) 1.59 (62.6) 65.22 (497) 34.1 69.29 (528) 5.4 67.19 (512) 0.94

 75

 0.038 (23.5) 1.65 (64.9) 72.70 (554) 34.9 51.71 (394) 9.7 61.15 (466) 1.41

 76

 0.037 (23.3) 1.61 (63.6) 66.40 (506) 37.9 84.51 (644) 5.7 74.80 (570) 0.79

 77

 0.035 (21.9) 1.54 (60.6) 71.26 (543) 36.1 82.55 (629) 5.5 76.77 (585) 0.86

 78

 0.035 (21.9) 1.58 (62.2) 70.60 (538) 37.4 82.55 (629) 5.6 76.25 (581) 0.85

 Example

 Ream Weight Kg / cm2 (pounds / 3000 ftA2) Thickness of 8 mm / 8 sheets thousandth of an inch / 8 sheets MD Traction g / cm g / 3 inches MD Stretch% CD Traction g / cm g / 3 inches CD Stretch% GM Traction g / cm g / 3 inches Dry Traction Ratio%

 79

 0.035 (21.5) 1.30 (51.1) 69.16 (527) 32.7 80.05 (610) 5.1 74.28 (566) 0.87

 80

 0.035 (21.7) 1.56 (61.5) 66.27 (505) 34.4 80.05 (610) 5.8 72.83 (555) 0.83

 81

 0.034 (21.1) 1.34 (52.6) 57.87 (441) 27.5 75.59 (576) 5.2 66.14 (504) 0.77

 82

 0.035 (21.9) 1.61 (63.3) 54.59 (416) 33.3 64.70 (493) 5.4 59.45 (453) 0.85

 83

 0.035 (21.5) 1.37 (53.8) 54.07 (412) 27.1 60.76 (463) 5.4 57.35 (437) 0.89

 84

 0.035 (21.5) 1.36 (53.7) 66.27 (505) 35.5 62.47 (476) 7.7 64.30 (490) 1.06

 85

 0.035 (21.6) 1.64 (64.7) 72.44 (552) 41.1 68.90 (525) 7.9 70.60 (538) 1.05

 86

 0.035 (21.5) 1.60 (63.2) 77.03 (587) 43.9 97.90 (746) 6.5 86.75 (661) 0.79

 87

 0.035 (21.5) 1.21 (50.5) 74.93 (571) 38.2 93.83 (715) 6.1 83.73 (638) 0.80

 88

 0.035 (21.8) 1.51 (59.6) 59.84 (456) 34.2 69.29 (528) 5.8 64.30 (490) 0.87

 89

 0.035 (21.6) 1.49 (58.7) 70.73 (539) 35.3 83.86 (639) 5.8 77.03 (587) 0.84

 90

 0.035 (21.6) 1.54 (60.6) 80.31 (612) 36.9 51.84 (395) 7.9 64.57 (492) 1.55

 91

 0.035 (21.7) 1.48 (58.5) 130.05 (991) 41.0 74.54 (568) 7.2 98.43 (750) 1.75

 92

 0.036 (22.2) 1.43 (56.4) 106.43 (811) 37.0 137.93 (1051) 5.0 121.13 (923) 0.77

 93

 0.037 (22.9) 2.15 (84.6) 157.35 (1199) 54.9 172.97 (1318) 5.6 164.96 (1257) 0.91

 94

 0.036 (22.3) 2.32 (91.2) 128.08 (976) 52.2 158.14 (1205) 5.8 142.26 (1084) 0.81

 95

 0.037 (22.8) 2.16 (85.2) 162.20 (1236) 53.7 194.36 (1481) 5.6 177.56 (1353) 0.83

 96

 0.037 (22.9) 2.15 (84.7) 171.00 (1303) 57.5 203.81 (1553) 5.9 186.48 (1421) 0.84

 97

 0.036 (22.6) 1.69 (66.6) 74.41 (567) 80.9 88.71 (676) 8.5 81.23 (619) 0.84

 98

 0.036 (22.3) 1.68 (66.1) 55.51 (423) 72.5 81.89 (624) 9.2 67.32 (513) 0.68

 99

 0.035 (21.9) 1.60 (63.1) 59.71 (455) 73.1 67.45 (514) 9.7 63.39 (483) 0.89

 100

 0.036 (22.3) 1.70 (67.1) 70.60 (538) 72.5 77.43 (590) 9.2 73.88 (563) 0.91

 101

 0.036 (22.1) 1.66 (65.3) 149.74 (1141) 48.0 100.92 (769) 7.6 122.97 (937) 1.48

 102

 0.036 (22.1) 1.68 (66.3) 111.18 (851) 47.2 83.73 (638) 7.9 96.46 (735) 1.34

 103

 0.036 (22.1) 1.64 (64.5) 102.36 (780) 45.6 74.54 (568) 7.4 87.27 (665) 1.37

 104

 0.035 (21.9) 1.60 (63.2) 88.98 (678) 43.2 82.68 (630) 6.0 85.70 (653) 1.08

 105

 0.035 (21.9) 1.64 (64.5 71.78 (547) 48.3 89.24 (680) 7.0 80.05 (610) 0.80

 Example

 Ream Weight Kg / cm2 (pounds / 3000 ftA2) Thickness of 8 mm / 8 sheets thousandth of an inch / 8 sheets MD Traction g / cm g / 3 inches MD Stretch% CD Traction g / cm g / 3 inches CD Stretch% GM Traction g / cm g / 3 inches Dry Traction Ratio%

 106

 0.035 (21.9) 8.58 (65.4) 14.78 (582) 51.0 93.31 (711) 6.9 84.38 (643) 0.82

 107

 0.035 (21.6) 8.73 (66.5) 15.31 (603) 51.9 61.15 (466) 9.0 69.55 (530) 1.29

 108

 0.035 (21.9) 8.46 (64.6) 11.61 (457) 48.3 77.56 (591) 6.7 68.24 (520) 0.77

 109

 0.027 (16.7) 6.30 (48.0) 54.50 (2146) 26.3 118.64 (904) 6.3 182.81 (1393) 2.37

 110

 0.028 (17.1) 6.84 (52.1) 53.41 (2103) 27.1 109.06 (831) 5.9 173.49 (1322) 2.53

 111

 0.034 (21.1) 8.53 (65.0) 17.57 (692) 46.6 78.22 (596) 6.6 84.25 (642) 1.16

 112

 0.035 (22.0) 7.49 (57.1) 56.72 (2233) 50.7 217.59 (1658) 6.9 252.49 (1924) 1.35

 113

 0.034 (21.0) 8.23 (62.7) 36.88 (1452) 70.4 101.84 (776) 11.9 139.24 (1061) 1.87

 114

 0.035 (21.6) 8.33 (63.5) 38.32 (1509) 68.7 139.90 (1066) 10.7 166.27 (1267) 1.42

 115

 0.035 (20.6) 8.29 (63.2) 34.77 (1369) 69.2 124.41 (948) 10.8 149.34 (1138) 1.45

 116

 0.033 (20.7) 8.11 (61.8) 36.42 (1434) 70.4 123.75 (943) 10.1 152.49 (1162) 1.53

 117

 0.035 (21.6) 9.17 (69.9) 33.56 (1322) 70.5 126.51 (964) 10.6 148.16 (1129) 1.37

 118

 0.038 (23.4) 8.33 (63.5) 42.49 (1673) 50.2 171.92 (1310) 6.7 194.23 (1480) 1.28

 119

 0.036 (22.6) 8.28 (63.1) 17.50 (689) 52.3 77.30 (589) 7.4 83.60 (637) 1.17

 120

 0.036 (22.7) 7.56 (57.6) 16.20 (638) 50.7 69.82 (532) 8.1 76.51 (583) 1.20

 121

 0.036 (22.7) 7.14 (54.4) 17.93 (706) 50.6 74.54 (568) 7.4 83.07 (633) 1.24

 122

 0.036 (22.4 7.31 (55.7) 16.25 (640) 49.2 76.51 (583) 7.7 80.18 (611) 1.10

 123

 0.037 (23.1) 7.57 (57.7) 14.20 (559) 46.4 67.32 (513) 7.1 70.21 (535) 1.09

 124

 0.037 (23.0) 7.56 (57.6) 15.67 (617) 49.0 64.04 (488) 7.0 71.92 (548) 1.27

 125

 0.037 (22.9) 7.56 (57.6) 15.16 (597) 49.2 62.73 (478) 7.4 70.08 (534) 1.25

 126

 0.037 (22.7) 7.41 (56.5) 16.28 (641) 49.2 78.61 (599) 6.8 81.36 (620) 1.07

 127

 0.037 (22.7) 7.82 (59.6) 14.80 (583) 49.4 68.11 (519) 7.4 72.05 (549) 1.13

 128

 0.037 (23.0) 7.64 (58.2) 17.83 (702) 52.7 76.90 (586) 7.6 84.12 (641) 1.20

 129

 0.038 (23.5) 7.76 (59.1) 18.11 (713) 52.3 75.98 (579) 7.1 84.25 (642) 1.23

 130

 0.038 (23.3) 7.73 (58.9) 15.90 (626) 49.3 73.49 (560) 7.6 77.69 (592) 1.12

 131

 0.037 (22.7) 7.72 (58.8) 15.85 (624) 75.1 77.03 (587) 10.9 79.40 (605) 1.06

 132

 0.038 (23.0) 7.85 (59.8) 17.35 (683) 78.7 75.07 (572) 11.5 82.02 (625) 1.19

 133

 0.037 (22.8) 7.47 (56.9) 21.64 (852) 51.7 91.21 (695) 6.8 100.92 (769) 1.23

 Example

 Ream Weight Kg / cm2 Thickness of 8 sheets mm / 8 sheets MD Traction g / cm MD Stretch CD Traction g / cm CD Stretch GM Traction g / cm Dry Traction Proportion

 (pounds / 3000 ftA2) thousandth of an inch / 8 sheets g / 3 inches% g / 3 inches% g / 3 inches%

 134

 0.037 (22.9) 1.42 (55.8) 117.59 (896) 50.9 93.04 (709) 6.9 104.46 (796) 1.27

 135

 0.037 (22.9) 1.44 (56.7) 111.42 (849) 50.5 79, 66 (607) 6.8 93.96 (716) 1.42

 136

 0.038 (23.5) 1.46 (57.6) 110.63 (843) 49.4 92.13 (702) 6.5 100.92 (769) 1.20

 137

 0.037 (23.2) 1.40 (55.0) 80.71 (615) 50.5 89.76 (684) 5.3 85.04 (648) 0.90

 138

 0.037 (22.9) 1.50 (58.9) 92.13 (702) 76.5 69.95 (533) 10.8 80.31 (612) 1.32

 139

 0.034 (21.2) 1.29 (50.8) 140.16 (1068) 53.8 130.71 (996) 7.8 135.30 (1031) 1.07

 140

 0.034 (20.9) 1.32 (52.0) 130.31 (993) 39.2 108.79 (829) 7.6 118.90 (906) 1.20

 141

 0.034 (20.9) 1.31 (51.4) 139.37 (1062) 53.1 11.02 (846) 7.8 124.41 (948) 1.26

 142

 0.033 (20.6) 1.31 (51.7) 93.44 (712) 49.2 78.87 (601) 9.1 85.83 (651) 1.19

 143

 0.033 (20.7) 1.53 (60.2) 115.09 (877) 59.2 77.95 (594) 9.8 94.75 (722) 1.48

 144

 0.034 (20.8) 1.52 (60.0) 105.12 (801) 63.3 62.20 (474) 10.5 80.84 (616) 1.69

 145

 0.030 (18.9) 1.42 (56.0) 87.80 (669) 61.6 60.24 (459) 10.9 72.70 (554) 1.46

 146

 0.027 (17.0) 1.30 (51.2) 72.83 (555) 50.9 76.12 (580) 7.8 74.41 (567) 0.96

 147

 0.037 (23.0) 1.36 (53.7) 85.17 (649) 29.5 76.77 (585) 4.6 80.71 (615) 1.11

 148

 0.032 (20.1) 1.33 (52.2) 144.09 (1098) 52.0 137.53 (1048) 5.7 140.68 (1072) 1.05

 149

 0.032 (20.1) 1.36 (53.6) 67.85 (517) 45.4 61.94 (472) 6.1 64.83 (494) 1.10

 150

 0.033 (20.4) 1.41 (55.4) 78.87 (601) 43.2 65.62 (500) 5.4 71.92 (548) 1.20

 151

 0.033 (20.4) 1.34 (52.8) 113.39 (864) 33.6 78.74 (600) 5.0 94.49 (720) 1.44

 152

 0.033 (20.5) 1.40 (55.0) 104.72 (798) 32.5 97.77 (745) 4.6 101.18 (771) 1.07

 153

 0.033 (20.6) 1.49 (58.5) 93.44 (712) 38.1 83.46 (636) 5.4 88.32 (673) 1.12

 154

 0.033 (20.6) 1.54 (60.5) 95.14 (725) 39.3 83.33 (635) 5.3 88.98 (678) 1.14

 155

 0.033 (20.6) 1.55 (61.2) 89.24 (680) 40.1 77.69 (592) 5.4 83.20 (634) 1.15

 156

 0.033 (20.5) 1.54 (60.5) 95.14 (725) 36.4 85.04 (648) 5.2 89.90 (685) 1.12

 157

 0.033 (20.3) 1.52 (60.0) 83.33 (635) 35.9 80.05 (610) 5.3 81.36 (620) 1.05

 158

 0.033 (20.4) 1.49 (58.7) 93.57 (713) 37.5 79.27 (604) 5.7 85.96 (655) 1.18

 159

 0.033 (20.5) 1.55 (61.1) 97.51 (743) 36.7 85.43 (651) 5.6 91.21 (695) 1.14

 160

 0.032 (19.8) 1.52 (60.0) 90.68 (691) 40.7 80.18 (611) 4.9 85.30 (650) 1.13

 161

 0.032 (19.7) 1.50 (59.0) 99.87 (761) 40.9 89.50 (682) 4.9 94.49 (720) 1.12

 Example

 Ream Weight Kg / cm2 (pounds / 3000 ftA2) Thickness of 8 mm / 8 sheets thousandth of an inch / 8 sheets MD Traction g / cm g / 3 inches MD Stretch% CD Traction g / cm g / 3 inches CD Stretch% GM Traction g / cm g / 3 inches Dry Traction Ratio%

 162

 0.033 (20.2) 1.53 (60.4) 95.67 (729) 39.2 88.98 (678) 5.0 92.13 (702) 1.08

 163

 0.032 (20.0) 1.53 (60.3) 102.49 (781) 40.6 87.27 (665) 5.1 94.49 (720) 1.17

 164

 0.032 (20.1) 1.48 (58.1) 92.91 (708) 36.3 84.25 (645) 5.3 88.71 (676) 1.10

 165

 0.032 (20.0) 1.44 (56.8) 99.74 (760) 36.7 87.01 (663) 4.9 93.04 (709) 1.15

 166

 0.032 (19.9) 1.45 (57.2) 89.76 (684) 39.3 80.05 (610) 5.8 84.65 (645) 1.12

 167

 0.034 (21.0) 1.62 (63.8) 106.30 (810) 48.0 116.14 (885) 6.2 111.02 (846) 0.91

 168

 0.033 (20.8) 1.69 (66.5) 99.48 (758) 54.1 86.09 (656) 7.3 92.52 (705) 1.15

 169

 0.033 (21.0) 1.68 (66.1) 91.34 (696) 53.0 81.23 (619) 7.5 86.09 (656) 1.12

 170

 0.033 (20.9) 1.68 (66.2) 83.60 (637) 52.6 70.87 (540) 7.6 76.90 (586) 1.18

 171

 0.033 (21.3) 1.62 (63.6) 84.12 (641) 30.1 69.69 (531) 4.4 76.51 (583) 1.21

 172

 0.035 (21.4) 2.00 (78.7) 76.12 (580) 30.8 64.17 (486) 4.3 69.55 (530) 1.20

 173

 0.033 (21.0) 1.67 (65.8) 74.80 (570) 21.4 62.86 (479) 4.1 68.31 (521) 1.20

 174

 0.034 (20.8) 1.82 (71.5) 128.35 (978) 52.5 112.73 (859) 6.5 120.21 (916) 1.14

 175

 0.034 (20.0) 1.45 (57.0) 93.70 (714) 41.5 84.51 (644) 5.2 88.98 (678) 1.11

 176

 0.033 (20.4) 1.67 (65.6) 73.49 (560) 41.2 97.90 (746) 4.7 84.91 (647) 0.75

 177

 0.032 (20.2) 1.72 (67.7) 64.17 (489) 41.6 85.04 (648) 4.7 73.88 (563) 0.76

 178

 0.033 (20.4) 1.70 (67.1) 71.26 (543) 39.6 86.88 (662) 4.6 78.61 (599) 0.82

 179

 0.033 (20.2) 1.72 (67.9) 65.62 (500) 39.7 84.78 (646) 4.6 74.54 (568) 0.77

 180

 0.033 (20.4) 1.77 (69.5) 65.22 (497) 39.5 85.30 (650) 4.8 74.54 (568) 0.76

 181

 0.032 (19.8) 1.68 (66.2) 62.47 (476) 38.5 79.00 (602) 4.4 70.21 (535) 0.79

 182

 0.033 (20.5) 1.75 (68.8) 89.50 (682) 42.3 87.27 (665) 5.4 88.32 (673) 1.03

 183

 0.033 (20.3) 1.80 (71.0) 88.19 (672) 41.1 87.66 (668) 5.7 87.93 (670) 1.01

 184

 0.033 (20.2) 1.77 (69.8) 88.19 (672) 42.1 80.45 (613) 5.3 84.12 (641) 1.10

 185

 0.034 (21.0) 1.84 (72.4) 90.94 (693) 42.1 87.93 (670) 5.9 89.37 (681) 1.03

 186

 0.034 (21.0) 1.86 (73.2) 105.12 (801) 43.2 98.69 (752) 5.6 101.84 (776) 1.07

 187

 0.033 (20.6) 1.78 (70.0) 101.57 (774) 43.3 97.90 (746) 5.9 99.61 (759) 1.04

 188

 0.033 (20.5) 1.95 (76.6) 87.93 (670) 60.7 84.51 (644) 6.9 86.22 (657) 1.04

 189

 0.033 (20.3) 1.88 (74.2) 85.17 (649) 57.1 88.06 (671) 7.0 86.61 (660) 0.97

 Example

 Ream Weight Kg / cm2 (pounds / 3000 ftA2) Thickness of 8 mm / 8 sheets thousandth of an inch / 8 sheets MD Traction g / cm g / 3 inches MD Stretch% CD Traction g / cm g / 3 inches CD Stretch% GM Traction g / cm g / 3 inches Dry Traction Ratio%

 190

 0.033 (20.3) 1.97 (77.6) 100.39 (765) 58.6 94.36 (719) 7.5 97.11 (740) 1.07

 191

 0.033 (20.3) 2.00 (78.9) 100.26 (764) 62.5 93.17 (710) 7.5 96.59 (736) 1.08

 192

 0.033 (20.5) 2.00 (78.8) 101.84 (776) 62.7 91.34 (696) 7.5 96.46 (735) 1.12

 193

 0.033 (20.6) 2.00 (78.9) 116.67 (889) 64.5 101.84 (776) 7.8 108.92 (830) 1.15

 194

 0.033 (20.7) 1.71 (67.4) 179.52 (1368) 43.5 171.26 (1305) 5.2 175.20 (1335) 1.05

Table 2 - Representative Examples 195-272 - Finished Product Data

 Example

 Stamping Sensory softness Softness at 450 GMT BW Thickness MD CD GMT% MD% CD MDBrMod CDBrMod GMBrMod MD / CD

 195

 none 15.6 15.9 20.3 58.8 578 478 526 32.9 4.3 17.6 112.1 44.4 1.21

 196

 '819 16.3 16.2 18.7 70.9 509 346 420 25.4 6.1 20.0 57.1 33.8 1.47

 197

 none 15.3 15.6 22.3 68.2 561 556 559 53.9 6.9 10.4 81.5 29.1 1.01

 198

 '819 15.9 16.0 21.2 75.1 504 495 499 46.0 7.7 10.9 64.6 26.6 1.02

 199

 none 15.6 16.2 23.6 65.8 613 596 604 34.6 4.9 17.7 123.9 46.8 1.03

 200

 '819 16.3 16.1 20.9 72.6 450 354 399 23.0 5.4 19.6 65.1 35.7 1.27

 201

 none 15.4 16.0 22.2 62.9 614 618 616 36.0 4.9 17.1 125.7 46.3 0.99

 202

 '819 15.8 16.1 21.6 74.6 579 493 534 28.7 6.1 20.2 81.1 40.4 1.17

 203

 none 15.9 16.1 22.9 65.7 505 503 504 30.3 5.3 16.6 96.0 39.9 1.00

 204

 '819 16.3 16.2 21.8 78.7 468 400 432 24.6 6.4 19.0 62.8 34.5 1.17

 205

 none 15.5 16.2 23.0 64.8 605 677 640 37.2 4.6 16.3 145.6 48.7 0.89

 206

 '819 15.9 16.2 21.6 76.7 510 520 515 28.1 6.2 18.2 83.9 39.1 0.98

 207

 none 15.8 16.1 22.6 68.7 493 559 525 46.6 5.5 10.6 101.7 32.8 0.88

 208

 '819 16.1 16.1 20.7 73.7 457 446 451 37.7 6.7 12.1 67.1 28.5 1.03

 209

 none 15.2 15.6 23.4 67.3 496 628 558 45.4 6.0 10.9 104.9 33.8 0.79

 210

 '819 15.9 16.1 22.1 76.4 498 514 506 40.0 6.7 12.5 76.5 30.9 0.97

 211

 none 15.4 15.8 22.6 70.1 567 561 564 50.8 5.0 11.1 111.9 35.3 1.01

 212

 '819 16.2 16.3 20.7 75.8 505 447 475 36.8 6.8 13.7 66.1 30.1 1.13

 213

 none 15.7 16.1 24.2 67.0 536 583 559 47.5 6.9 11.3 84.4 30.9 0.92

 Example

 Stamping Sensory softness Softness at 450 GMT BW Thickness MD CD GMT% MD% CD MDBrMod CDBrMod GMBrMod MD / CD

 214

 '819 16.2 16.2 21.7 72.9 444 427 435 38.6 7.8 11.5 54.9 25.1 1.04

 215

 none 16.3 16.6 22.2 62.0 495 567 529 46.7 6.0 10.6 94.3 31.6 0.87

 216

 '819 16.3 16.2 20.8 68.2 414 427 420 37.7 7.0 11.0 60.9 25.9 0.97

 217

 none 16.3 16.6 22.7 60.7 519 540 530 50.8 6.3 10.2 86.1 29.7 0.96

 218

 '819 16.6 16.6 21.3 68.0 483 438 460 42.4 7.6 11.4 58.0 25.7 1.10

 219

 none 16.0 16.7 24.1 64.6 593 711 649 51.0 6.8 11.6 104.5 34.9 0.83

 220

 '819 16.3 16.7 22.3 71.9 547 561 554 42.8 7.9 12.8 72.0 30.3 0.97

 221

 none 16.3 16.6 23.3 66.0 537 532 534 50.9 7.1 10.5 74.9 28.1 1.01

 222

 '819 16.3 16.1 20.6 70.2 426 379 402 37.4 8.5 11.4 44.7 22.5 1.12

 223

 none 15.9 16.4 22.8 56.4 565 610 587 30.5 5.0 18.5 123.1 47.7 0.93

 224

 '819 16.6 16.4 20.9 68.2 440 362 399 25.3 5.7 17.4 63.4 33.2 1.22

 225

 '819 16.9 16.5 22.5 68.2 347 330 338 23.3 6.2 14.9 53.3 28.2 1.05

 226

 '819 16.8 16.6 21.9 67.5 524 299 396 29.9 9.8 17.5 30.5 23.1 1.75

 227

 '819 16.6 16.6 21.0 68.6 443 435 439 26.6 6.0 16.7 73.2 35.0 1.02

 228

 '819 16.8 16.7 20.8 60.6 429 432 430 23.3 5.5 18.5 76.4 37.6 0.99

 229

 '819 16.6 16.4 20.7 68.9 373 392 382 19.3 5.6 19.5 70.3 37.0 0.95

 230

 '819 16.9 16.6 20.4 61.5 364 360 362 17.7 5.1 20.9 70.7 38.4 1.01

 231

 '819 17.3 16.7 20.4 70.6 314 286 300 17.4 5.8 17.9 49.4 29.7 1.10

 232

 '819 17.4 16.9 20.3 65.1 306 284 295 15.7 5.9 19.3 48.5 30.6 1.08

 233

 '819 16.7 16.5 20.4 64.4 452 355 401 25.5 8.1 18.2 44.1 28.3 1.27

 2. 3. 4

 '819 16.5 16.4 20.3 69.9 484 385 432 27.5 7.9 17.5 48.3 29.1 1.26

 235

 '819 16.1 16.2 20.4 69.1 488 497 492 27.7 6.8 17.6 72.2 35.7 0.98

 236

 '819 16.3 16.5 20.7 65.3 482 549 514 27.3 6.3 17.9 86.6 39.4 0.88

 237

 '819 18.3 18.0 20.3 64.7 403 325 362 22.9 5.7 17.6 56.8 31.6 1.24

 238

 '819 17.7 17.6 20.2 65.9 463 393 427 24.4 5.9 19.0 67.0 35.7 1.18

 239

 '819 18.2 17.9 20.3 63.3 494 278 371 25.0 7.8 19.8 35.9 26.6 1.78

 240

 '819 17.9 18.1 20.4 68.2 494 515 504 55.8 8.4 8.9 61.7 23.4 0.96

 241

 '819 17.8 17.8 20.3 65.4 467 424 445 50.6 8.7 9.2 48.8 21.2 1.10

 242

 '819 15.7 16.7 20.9 68.0 938 579 737 35.0 7.4 26.8 78.7 45.9 1.62

 243

 '819 16.1 16.5 20.6 68.9 709 456 569 32.9 7.6 21.6 60.0 35.9 1.55

 244

 '819 16.8 16.9 20.1 67.1 556 434 491 30.6 6.7 18.2 65.1 34.4 1.28

 245

 '819 16.3 16.2 20.3 67.0 471 345 403 37.6 8.7 12.6 39.8 22.4 1.37

 246

 '819 16.4 16.2 20.4 67.8 397 438 417 34.1 7.1 11.7 61.1 26.7 0.91

 Example

 Stamping Sensory softness Softness at 450 GMT BW Thickness MD CD GMT% MD% CD MDBrMod CDBrMod GMBrMod MD / CD

 247

 '819 16.7 16.7 21.2 60.9 525 422 471 34.6 7.5 15.2 56.3 29.2 1.24

 248

 '819 15.8 16.2 22.0 60.5 628 520 571 66.4 11.2 9.4 47.5 21.1 1.21

 249

 '819 16.1 16.4 22.1 59.4 636 458 540 62.9 10.8 10.1 42.0 20.6 1.39

 250

 B&S, M 17.3 17.0 19.2 64.3 479 295 376 33.8 6.1 14.3 49.6 26.6 1.62

 251

 Mos. Iris 17.5 17.5 20.0 59.7 517 372 439 36.7 6.2 14.1 59.7 29.0 1.39

 252

 B&S, M 16.6 16.5 19.8 67.0 487 359 418 27.0 5.5 17.7 65.0 34.3 1.36

 253

 B&S, M 16.9 16.6 19.1 65.0 453 303 370 26.0 5.2 17.4 58.0 31.6 1.50

 254

 B&S, M 17.0 17.0 19.4 69.1 537 379 451 25.6 5.3 20.8 73.8 39.2 1.42

 255

 Mos. Iris 17.6 17.7 19.9 65.1 571 398 477 28.4 5.4 20.1 73.8 38.5 1.43

 256

 B&S, M 17.0 16.9 19.3 65.8 507 347 419 25.2 5.4 20.0 64.3 35.8 1.46

 257

 Mos. Iris 18.1 18.3 19.5 65.4 603 427 507 31.9 5.1 18.9 83.8 39.8 1.41

 258

 B&S, M 18.0 18.0 18.7 67.3 553 373 454 28.9 4.9 19.1 76.2 38.1 1.48

 259

 B&S, M 17.9 18.0 19.0 69.0 594 385 478 30.0 5.3 20.8 74.3 39.0 1.54

 260

 B&S 17.1 17.0 19.6 68.1 521 334 417 30.2 6.5 17.5 51.9 30.1 1.56

 261

 B&S 16.3 16.3 20.5 76.4 513 401 454 39.0 8.1 13.1 49.3 25.4 1.28

 262

 DH 16.9 17.0 21.9 70.0 672 353 487 19.0 5.0 35.0 71.0 50.0 1.90

 263

 B&S 16.8 17.1 22.1 64.0 700 406 533 21.0 4.0 34.0 94.0 57.0 1.72

 264

 none 16.6 17.3 22.5 63.0 814 518 649 23.0 4.0 35.0 137.0 69.0 1.57

 265

 DH 16.6 17.4 21.8 68.0 1166 407 688 23.9 6.2 49.0 66.0 57.0 2.86

 266

 DH 17.6 17.7 17.0 65.0 583 413 491 31.0 6.0 19.0 69.0 36.0 1.41

 267

 DH 17.8 17.7 22.8 77.0 485 385 432 32.0 6.0 15.0 68.0 32.0 1.26

 268

 DH 16.4 16.6 23.0 85.0 658 370 493 29.0 6.0 23.0 58.0 36.0 1.78

 269

 DH 17.9 18.0 21.1 78.0 565 393 471 30.0 5.0 19.0 77.0 38.0 1.44

 270

 DH 17.8 18.3 21.4 84.0 792 431 584 31.0 6.0 25.0 76.0 44.0 1.84

 271

 M3 18.6 18.5 20.8 104.0 629 291 428 25.0 7.0 25.0 41.0 32.0 2.16

 272

 DH 17.4 18.0 21.5 86.0 844 468 628 32.0 6.0 26.0 84.0 47.0 1.80

 273

 B&S 16.4 16.2 21.0 72.8 482 367 421 21.8 4.7 22.2 78.4 41.7 1.32

 274

 B&S 16.2 16.1 20.4 77.9 498 332 407 22.1 4.9 22.5 67.5 39.0 1.50

 275

 B&S 16.5 16.3 20.5 71.3 459 309 377 16.5 4.6 27.9 67.9 43.5 1.49

 255

 Mos. Iris 17.6 17.7 19.9 65.1 571 398 477 28.4 5.4 20.1 73.8 38.5 1.43

 256

 B&S, M 17.0 16.9 19.3 65.8 507 347 419 25.2 5.4 20.0 64.3 35.8 1.46

 257

 Mos. Iris 18.1 18.3 19.5 65.4 603 427 507 31.9 5.1 18.9 83.8 39.8 1.41

 258

 B&S, M 18.0 18.0 18.7 67.3 553 373 454 28.9 4.9 19.1 76.2 38.1 1.48

 Example

 Stamping Sensory softness Softness at 450 GMT BW Thickness MD CD GMT% MD% CD MDBrMod CDBrMod GMBrMod MD / CD

 259

 B&S, M 17.9 18.0 19.0 69.0 594 385 478 30.0 5.3 20.8 74.3 39.0 1.54

 260

 B&S 17.1 17.0 19.6 68.1 521 334 417 30.2 6.5 17.5 51.9 30.1 1.56

 261

 B&S 16.3 16.3 20.5 76.4 513 401 454 39.0 8.1 13.1 49.3 25.4 1.28

 262

 DH 16.9 17.0 21.9 70.0 672 353 487 19.0 5.0 35.0 71.0 50.0 1.90

 263

 B&S 16.8 17.1 22.1 64.0 700 406 533 21.0 4.0 34.0 94.0 57.0 1.72

 264

 none 16.6 17.3 22.5 63.0 814 518 649 23.0 4.0 35.0 137.0 69.0 1.57

 265

 DH 16.6 17.4 21.8 68.0 1166 407 688 23.9 6.2 49.0 66.0 57.0 2.86

 266

 DH 17.6 17.7 17.0 65.0 583 413 491 31.0 6.0 19.0 69.0 36.0 1.41

 267

 DH 17.8 17.7 22.8 77.0 485 385 432 32.0 6.0 15.0 68.0 32.0 1.26

 268

 DH 16.4 16.6 23.0 85.0 658 370 493 29.0 6.0 23.0 58.0 36.0 1.78

 269

 DH 17.9 18.0 21.1 78.0 565 393 471 30.0 5.0 19.0 77.0 38.0 1.44

 270

 DH 17.8 18.3 21.4 84.0 792 431 584 31.0 6.0 25.0 76.0 44.0 1.84

 271

 M3 18.6 18.5 20.8 104.0 629 291 428 25.0 7.0 25.0 41.0 32.0 2.16

 272

 DH 17.4 18.0 21.5 86.0 844 468 628 32.0 6.0 26.0 84.0 47.0 1.80

Tisu products

Tisu products (non-permanent wet strength qualities in which the softness is a key parameter) prepared with a high solid pleat process as described herein can use many of the process parameters that are used to prepare the products of wipes (qualities of resistance in permanent humid in which the absorbency is important, the resistance in use is critical, and the softness is less important than in the qualities of tissue). In any category, 1 layer and 2 layer products can be used.

10 Fibers: Optimally soft tissue products are produced using high amounts of hardwood fibers. These fibers are not as thick as the longest and strongest softwood fibers. In addition, these thinner and shorter fibers exhibit much higher counts per gram of fiber. On the negative side, these hardwood paper pulps generally contain finer ones that are the result of the wooden structures from which the pulp is obtained. The removal of these fines can increase the numbers of the 15 real fibers present in the final sheets of paper. Also, the removal of these fines reduces the potential for bonding during the drying process, facilitating the separation of the sheet with either chemical substances or with the knife pleat on the dry end of the paper machine. The key benefit from high fiber counts per gram of paper pulp is the opacity of the sheet or the lack of transparency. Because a large part of the performance of the tisu sheet is judged visually, even before touching the sheet, this optical property is an important contribution to quality perception. Normally, it is necessary to provide a lattice-like structure to the softwood fibers on which the hardwood fibers can be arranged in order to optimize the softness and optical properties. But even in the case of softwoods, the thickness of fibers and the number of fibers per gram are important properties. Long, thin and flexible softwood fibers such as softwoods from the north have many more fibers per gram than softwoods from the south, nested and thick. The net result of fiber selection is that with this technology, like all others, the softwoods of the north and low fine content, hardwoods of low thickness such as eucalyptus give rise to a specific traction value, a softer sheets than the hardwoods of the north and more than the hardwoods of the south.

Chemical Substances: Generally, Tisu sheets employ a variety of chemical substances to help meet consumer demands for performance and smoothness. Generally, the application of a dry resistance chemical substance to the long fiber portion of the pulp mixture is more preferred than the use of a traction refiner. Refining generates fines and tends to form more

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high bond strength joints since refining makes the fibers more flexible, which increases the potential for fiber-fiber contact during drying. On the other hand, dry strength additives increase the strength of available joints without increasing the number of joints. Subsequently, said sheet ends up being inherently more flexible, even before the fabric pleating stage of the fabric pleating process. The application of a chemical release agent to a part of hardwood is desirable, so that these hardwood fibers have a lower propensity to bond with each other, but retain the ability to bond to the softwood fiber web. which is mainly responsible for the tensile strengths of paper work. In some cases, a temporary wet strength agent can also be added together with the softwood and hardwood fibers in order to improve the perception of wet strength performance without sacrificing washing capacity or septic tank safety.

Pleated fabric: this process stage is mainly responsible for the desirable and unique properties of the tissue sheet. A greater pleat of fabric increases the thickness and decreases traction. In addition, the fabric pleat modifies the traction ratios measured in the base sheets that allow sheets with equal MD / CD tractions or sheets with MD tractions smaller than CD. However, it is desirable that the tissue sheets exhibit equal tractions in both directions such as the majority of the products used independently of the direction of the sheet. For example, "perforation" of a toilet paper is influenced by the tensile ratio together with the fact that the pleated tissue develops a high CD resistance, especially at lower MD / CD ratio values than conventional technology. With other technologies, the same traction material is difficult to process in a high-speed processing equipment due to the propensity to tear that starts at one end and propagates along the sheet and causes breakage. Unlike conventional products, pleated sheets of fabric of equal traction ratio prepared by the process of the invention retain the tendency to tear along the MD direction, thereby exhibiting a tendency to self-healing in In case of tearing at the edges and spread in the sheet. This unique and unexpected property together with the stretching resistance that is exerted to remove the sheet at this stage allows efficient, high-speed operations at traction rates of one or less. In addition, these same properties result in clean tears in the perforations of the final products. Fabric pleat levels for tissue products range from about 30 percent to about 60 percent. When possible, this interval allows a wide variety of quality levels without changes in the productivity of the paper machine.

Tissues: tissue design is a prominent aspect of the process. But the parameters of the fabric go beyond the size and depth of the depressions woven therein. Its shape and placement are very important. The diameter of the strands that form the flat tissue is also important. For example, the size of the flap that rests on the front edge of the depression in which the sheet undergoes the pleat determines the parameters of the proportion of tissue pleat and the weight of the ream at which the holes in the sheet will appear . The challenge, especially for the qualities of tissue, is to make these depressions as deep as possible with the finest strand diameters possible, thereby allowing for higher tissue pleat ratios, which result in more sheet thicknesses. elevated to a specific proportion. Clearly, it is necessary to modify the tissue designs based on the weight of the sheet to be produced. For example, a very high quality, improved 2-layer tisu for bath can be prepared that exhibits high strength, thickness and smoothness on a 44-M design fabric. The 44G can also be used to prepare a heavier single layer sheet (up to twice) with very good results. Another property of tissue design is to confer a pattern on the sheet. Some tissue designs can confer a very appreciable pattern while others produce a pattern that seems to disappear in the background. Often, consumers sometimes want to see the pattern of stamping on the sheet during the transformation, and in these cases it may be desirable to have a smaller pattern of the sheet. Some qualities can be prepared without printing and, thus, a more different pattern that is conferred during the fabric pleating stage contributes to imparting an "improved" appearance to the sheet. Consumers tend to appreciate smooth sheets as cheaper and lower quality products.

Pleated: Since in the normal fabric pleating process of the invention a sheet is transferred to a Yankee drying device for final drying, the sheet can be subjected to pleating (and usually done) outside of this drying device in order to further improve the softness. Tisu products take full advantage of this stage of pleating that adds thickness and smoothness to the sheet. Especially, it makes the sheet surface smooth on the Yankee side of the sheet. In addition, since the proportion of reel pleating can vary regardless of the production speed (reel speed), there is a considerable tolerance for modifying the properties of the final sheet. Increasing the ratio of reel pleat / fabric pleat decreases the double-sided finish of the paper, since less tissue pleating is conferred for an amount of MD stretch. There are less prominent "eyebrow" structures in the paper that can affect the double-sided finish. In addition, increasing that ratio also increases opacity and thickness perception at the same measured thickness value. Frequently, it is desirable to maintain a reasonable ratio (ie 25 to 50 percent reel pleat / fabric pleat) to improve consumer perception of these "intangible" properties associated with the visual appearance of the sheet.

Calendering: for all accounts, a larger calendering is better since a reasonable level of

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sheet thickness for later conversion. Too small a thickness requires too much stamping that subsequently degrades the overall quality. Therefore, a strategy for producing quality tissue paper is the use of the thickest tissue possible without puncturing holes in the sheet, reducing the level of tissue pleating so that there is a CD stretch from the pleating part of Reel and there is still sufficient thickness before calendering, so that at least about 20-40% of this thickness can be removed during the calendering stage. These levels of calendering tend to reduce the double-sided finish of the sheets. Alternatively, a quality sheet can be prepared with a thinner fabric but with a smaller proportion of reel pleat / fabric pleat. Because the finest fabric produces more dome-shaped structures and smaller sizes, more fabric pleating can be used in order to obtain the desired thickness without excessively increasing the face finish. In most cases, a lower face finish is obtained. In this case, the ratio of reel pleat / fabric pleat can be as low as about 5-10%. Subsequently, calendering is maximized to achieve the desired smoothness. This method is desirable when relatively strong fibers are used since the fabric pleating dramatically decreases tensile strengths and when the fabric design produces a double-sided finish below the average in the sheet.

Wipes Products

Wipes products behave similarly to tissue sheets with respect to various process parameters. However, in many cases the wipes products use the same parameters but in the opposite direction, some being in the same direction. For example, both forms of product desire thickness since thickness refers directly to softness in tissue products and absorbency in wipe products. In the following parameters, only the differences between tissue situations are discussed.

Fibers: Wipes require functional strength during use, which usually means when they get wet. To achieve these necessary tractions, long softwood fibers are used in approximately opposite proportions to those of tissue products. The proportions of 70 to 90 percent of softwood fibers are common. Refining can be used, but tends to close the sheet too much so that the subsequent fabric pleat cannot "open" the structure. This results in lower absorbency rates and lower capacities. Unlike tissue products, fines can be used in the sheets of wipes with the condition that not too much hardwood is used, as this tends to close the sheet again and also reduce its traction capacity.

Chemicals: Surprisingly, detachment agents can also be used on the wipes. But its use should be done with caution. Similarly, the refining of the fibers should be regulated to lower levels in order to keep the sheet open and a rapid absorber. Therefore, routinely add chemical resistance agents. Of course, chemical wet strength substances should be added to prevent crushing during use. But to achieve high levels of wet traction, the proportion of wet traction with respect to dry must be maximized. If the levels of dry traction are too high, the wipe sheet acquires a nature too "paper-like" and is considered of low quality by the consumer. Thus, wet strength agents and CMC are added to increase the proportion of CD / dry wet from the normal value of 25% to the desired range of 30-35%. Subsequently, to produce a softer sheet - and with it a sheet that the consumer perceives as improved - a stripping agent can be added which preferably reduces dry traction CD with respect to the wet value. The release and smoothing agents can also be sprayed on the sheet once it has dried to further improve the tactile properties.

Tissue Pleated: Increasing the fabric pleat directly increases absorbency. Therefore, it is desirable to maximize the fabric pleat. However, fC also reduces tractions so that there is a balance that must be maintained. Occasionally, the sheets of wipes may not exhibit elevated levels of Md stretching due to the type of dispensers used. In these cases, FC should also be limited. Therefore, the wipes require, on average, a thicker tissue design than the tissue sheets. Furthermore, because these wet sheets normally exhibit considerable wet strength, they can be more difficult to mold with the same consistency as the tissue sheet.

Fabrics: thick fabrics are desirable for wipes in general. Normally, sheets of two-layer wipes are prepared on a 44G or 36G or thicker fabric with good results, although good results can be obtained with finer fabrics, in particular if the proportion of tissue pleating is increased. Frequently, single layer sheets require an even thicker fabric together with other technology to prepare an acceptable sheet. Long sheet fibers and high strengths allow the use of these tissues and high HR ratios before holes appear in the sheets.

Pleated: in the sheets for wipes, very little pleats are made. The pleat increases the thickness but does it in a similar way to the CWP sheets. This thickness disappears when it gets wet and the sheet expands. The thickness of the pleated fabric acts like a dry sponge when it gets wet. The sheet expands in the Z-direction and can retract in the MD & CD directions. This behavior greatly adds to the perceived absorbency of the wipes and makes them similar to the TAD wipes. In many cases, the use of blades with

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Taurus technology saw together with the fabric pleating process improves the absorbency, thickness and softness of the wipe sheet. The CD stiffness is reduced while the CD stretch is increased. The greater the thickness produced in the blade, the greater the calendering that is allowed and, in addition, the greater the smoothness of the sheet. In some cases it is possible to pull the sheet off the surface of the Yankee drying device without pleating. This could be the case of bath hand wipes in which softness is less important than providing more sheets in a roll. See United States Patent No. 6,187,137 of Druecke et al. as well as the related US Patent Applications Nos. 11 / 108,375 (Publication No. US 2005/0217814 A1), filed on April 18, 2005, and 11 / 108,458 (Publication No. US 2005/0241787 A1 ), filed on April 18, 2005, Nos. Mandatary Record 12398P1 and 12611P1, presented herein in a contemporary manner.

Calendering: the sheets for wipes take advantage of the calendering for two reasons. First, the calendering softens the sheets and improves the sensation to the touch. Secondly, it "breaks" the dome-shaped structures produced by the tissues that impart more depth in the Z-direction to the sensation of the sheet and, frequently, improve the absorbent properties to a specific thickness.

Summary of Data for Tisu

Various paper machine process tools and stamping patterns were used to produce a commercial and retail 1-layer bath tissue. Process variables included: percentage of fabric pleat, percentage of reel pleat, level of fabric softener addition, type of fabric softener, location of fabric softener, fiber type, HW / SW ratio, calendering load, rubber and steel calendering , pleated fabric style, Yankee MD / CD proportions and chemical coating. Stamping patterns included: '819, M3, Double Hearts, Butterflies and Swirls, Butterflies and Swirls with Micro-Iris and Mosaic Iris. The best prototype of 1-layer commercial bath tissue (BRT) containing 40% North HW and 60% recycled fiber, at 9.07 Kg (20 pounds) of ream weight and 450 GMT, achieved a sensory smoothness of 17.5. The best 1-layer retail BRT prototype that contains 80% of HW South and 20% of SW South, at 9.30 kg (20.5 pounds) of ream weight and 450 GMT, achieved a sensory smoothness of 16.9.

The objects included the determination of: the process requirements that produce a 1 layer retail tissue with a sensory smoothness of 17.0 using Southern hardwood (HW) and softwood (SW); the process requirements that produce a 1-layer commercial tissue with a sensory smoothness of 17.0 using recycled HW fiber and the effects of fibers and other process variables on sensory softness and physical properties.

The BRT sensory softness objective of 1 commercial layer of 17.0 was achieved at 9.07 kg (20 pounds) of ream weight. The consumer test determines the effect of reduced ream weight on the acceptance of the product by the consumer.

Using HW and SW South to prepare a 1-layer retail tissue at 0.034 kg / m2 (21.4 pounds / 3000 square feet), the highest sensory smoothness achieved at 450 GMT was 16.9.

Using HW and SW South to prepare a 1-layer retail tissue at 0.033 kg / m2 (20.5 pounds / 3000 square feet), the highest sensory smoothness achieved at 450 GMT was 16.9.

Using 40% HW fiber and 60% recycled fiber (FRF) to prepare a commercial 1-layer tissue at 0.032 kg / m2 (20.2 pounds / 3000 square feet), the highest sensory smoothness achieved at 450 GMT It was 17.5. For all the work presented here, the average sensory smoothness was 16.9. Using 100% FRF to prepare a 1-layer commercial tissue PS at 0.036 kg / m2 (22.1 pounds / 3000 square feet), the highest sensory smoothness achieved at 450 GMT was 16.4.

Using HW Aracruz and SW Marathon to prepare a 1-layer retail tissue at 0.032 kg / m2 (19.8 pounds / 3000 square feet), the highest sensory smoothness achieved at 450 GMT was 18.3. For all the work presented here, the average sensory smoothness was 18.0.

Calendering with steel / steel resulted in a greater thickness reduction at an equivalent load and a higher sensory smoothness than in the case of rubber / steel calendering

It seemed that increasing the calendering load increases sensory smoothness, but calendering greater than 65 PLI can decrease softness when using virgin HW fiber and recycled fiber. For HW and SW, 14000N / m (80 PLI) may be the upper limit.

At a constant linear pleat percentage, an increase in the tissue pleat percentage resulted in an increase in the CD stretch and a reduction in the module until CD rupture. However, the sensory smoothness of the finished product does not affect a constant GMT value.

At a constant linear pleat percentage, variations in the amounts of tissue pleat percentage versus the reel pleat percentage did not affect sensory smoothness.

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The types of pleated tissues used in the present study affected the thickness of the base sheet, but did not significantly affect the sensory softness. The thick mesh fabrics developed a thicker base sheet thickness and allowed higher levels of calendering.

A 1 layer BRT with an MD / CD traction ratio of 1.0 (MD traction equal to a CD traction) was equivalent in terms of sensory smoothness to a 1 layer BRT with a traditional MD / CD ratio of 1.8 ( high MD traction). In this case, the softness depended on GMT not on the CD stretch or the CD module.

Effect of Raw Materials

The fiber mixtures of Tables 3 and 4 were processed under similar process conditions and 1 layer BRT was produced. Sensory softness was measured and adjusted to 450 GMT using strength-softness values from the Appendix data with the formula: (sensory softness) + ((450 - GMT) * (-0.0035)). Eucalyptus and SW Marathon raw materials resulted in significantly higher softness than the others. SW and HW Sur raw material is actually used for 2-layer retail tissue. It is the raw material actually used in the development of 1 layer BRT prototypes on PM # 2. The replacement of SW South with SW Marathon slightly improves the smoothness (Table 3). To date, 16.9 is the best sensory smoothness achieved at 450 GMT (Table 4). The average for all work that contains only fiber from the South is 16.4. Obtaining a sensory softness objective of 17.0 to 450 GMT represents a significant technical challenge. The fabric pleating process of the invention produces a very small module sheet that is acceptable for commercial or retail BRT. However, because the sheet is linked to the Yankee device with a fabric, there is less contact area on the drying device. During the Yankee pleating process, less smoothing of the surface of the laminate takes place compared to the conventional union to the Yankee device with a wool sintin belt. This results in a flannel-like sensation compared to the silky sensation of conventional pleating. The side of the sheet that faces the air, as in conventional wet press pleating, is less smooth than the side of the drying device. In a 1-layer product, the side that has the face in the air contributes to the overall softness, since it cannot be hidden inside a 2-layer product. This combination results in a lower sensory softness score. The real approach to improve softness is to generate thickness with a relatively thick pleated fabric, add a fabric softener and calender with a "high" load to soften the sheet and reduce the double-sided finish. Tisu (commercial), for 1 layer BRT, is 40% North HW and 60% recycled fiber. In the following table, FRF is Fox River recycled wet nappa. FRF is high gloss recycled fiber. With only a few data points, 17.5 is the best sensory smoothness. The average, in this way, is 16.9. In this case, the softness objective of 17.0 constitutes a minor challenge. All data in the following tables are for a mixed base sheet. Normally, HW and SW were prepared separately in pulp devices and processed from different containers. Normally, the fibers are mixed in the fan pumps creating a homogeneous mixture of fibers.

Table 3

 Raw material

 Smoothness adjusted to 450 GMT

 80% EUC / 20% MAR

 17.6

 80% SHW / 20% MARSW

 16.9

 40% NHW / 60% FRF

 16.8

 100% FRF

 16.4

 80% SHW / 20% SSW

 16.4

 Raw material

 Highest smoothness adjusted to 450 GMT

 80% EUC / 20% MAR

 18.3

 40% NHW / 60% FRF

 17.5

 80% SHW / 20% SSW

 16.9

 80% SHW / 20% MARSW

 16.9

 100% FRF

 16.4

Rubber / Steel Calendering

5 To reduce the 1-layer BRT double-sided finish, a rubber roller and a conventional steel calendering roller were compared with conventional steel / steel calendering. The rubber roller was placed against the side of the sheet drying device. Tables 5-7 below show the effect of calendering load on the thickness of the base sheet using rubber rollers of different hardnesses. Both rubber rollers provided similar levels of thickness reduction for an equivalent calendering load. The 10 steel / steel rollers provided a significantly higher thickness reduction at an equivalent load, as shown in the following graph. Roller 56 P + J, which is harder than roller 80 P + J (nominal), should have provided more thickness loss at an equivalent load. The 80 P + J (nominal) roller had been previously used and its average real P + J value was 70. Its coverage thickness was 1.59 cm (5/8 inches) compared to 2.54 cm (1 inch) for roller 56 P + J. The calculated width of the 15-point clamp for a 70 P + J roller with a cover thickness of 1.59 cm (5/8 inches) is slightly smaller than for the 56 P + J roller with a 2.54 cm cover ( 1 inch). This explains the highest thickness reduction observed with the "80 P + J" roller.

Table 5

 Type of Calendering

 Calendering Load, N / m (PLI) Laminate Thickness 8, mm (thousandth of an inch) * Thickness Reduction,%

 80 P + J / Steel

 0 (0) 2.25 (88.5) -

 80 P + J / Steel

 4375 (25) 1.97 (77.5) 12.4

 80 P + J / Steel

 9625 (55) 1.80 (71.1) 19.7

 80 P + J / Steel

 14000 (80) 1.70 (67.1) 24.2

 80 P + J / Steel

 17500 (100) 1.63 (64.4) 27.2

* 9.53 kg (21 lb) base sheet

twenty

 Type of Calendering

 Calendering Load, N / m (PLI) Laminate Thickness 8, mm (thousandth of an inch) * Thickness Reduction,%

 56 P + J / Steel

 0 (0) 2.27 (89.4) -

 56 P + J / Steel

 4375 (25) 2.03 (80.0) 11.7

 56 P + J / Steel

 8750 (50) 1.92 (75.7) 15.4

 56 P + J / Steel

 8750 (50) 1.93 (75.9) 15.1

 56 P + J / Steel

 14000 (80) 1.84 (72.4) 18.9

 56 P + J / Steel

 14000 (80) 1.86 (73.2) 18.1

 56 P + J / Steel

 17500 (100) 1.85 (72.9) 18.4

 56 P + J / Steel

 35,000 (200) 1.63 (65.9) 26.3

 56 P + J / Steel

 35,000 (200) 1.66 (65.6) 26.6

* 10.43 kg (23 lb) base sheet

Table 7

 Type of Calendering

 Calendering Load, N / m (PLI) Laminate Thickness 8, mm (thousandth of an inch) * Thickness Reduction,%

 Steel / steel

 0 (0) 2.19 (86.1) -

 Steel / steel

 4375 (25) 1.76 (69.4) 19.3

 Steel / steel

 8750 (50) 1.85 (72.8) 15.4

 Steel / steel

 8750 (50) 1.56 (61.4) 28.7

 Steel / steel

 14000 (80) 1.57 (61.8) 28.2

 Steel / steel

 14000 (80) 1.41 (55.5) 35.5

 Steel / steel

 17500 (100) 1.39 (54.7) 36.4

 Steel / steel

 35,000 (200) 1.26 (49.5) 42.4

5 * 10.43 kg (23 lb) base sheet

As the calendering load increases, the double-sided finish for all types of calendering rollers is significantly reduced. However, the sheets subjected to calendering with rubber / steel rollers were not perceived as smoothly as the base sheets subjected to steel / steel calendering. At a specific value of GMT, the sensory smoothness is approximately 0.4 units of higher smoothness for the 10 sheets subjected to steel / steel calendering.

Various base sheets were calendered at different loads using steel / steel rollers. The calendering station is located before the reel on the paper machine. Subsequently, these base sheets were subjected to stamping during the conversion into 1 layer BRT. The following diagram shows that there is a reduced effect due to the calendering load on the sensory smoothness for sheets containing an improved fiber, that is, Eucalyptus HW and SW Marathon. For sheets containing HW North and Fox River Secondary Fiber, the smoothness improved to a calendering load of 11375 N / m (65 PLI), but decreased when the calendering load increased to 14000 N / m (80 PLI). The sheets of the South increased in softness slightly as the calendering load increased. The various process conditions and the different patterns of

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stamping made it difficult to quantify the effect of calendering on softness. However, it seems that some calendering improves softness, but over-calendering degrades softness.

Spray Softener Comparison

Hercules D1152, TQ456 and TQ236 were compared as spray softeners on the side of the sheet facing the air. The following table shows the results. When adjusted for GMT, there was no difference in softness between softeners. Hercules M-5118 was also tested as a spray softener. This material is a polypropylene glycol ether, as is known in the art. However, when sprayed on the side of the sheet that has the face in the air at 0.91 Kg / t (2 pounds / t), while the sheet is on a drying device of 121.92 cm ( 4 feet), (transfer cylinder, Figure 3), the sheet did not stick to the pleated fabric. When spraying is placed on the side of the sheet with the face of the drying device, either on the woolen sinfm tape before the suction dump roller (STR) or on the pleated fabric before the solid pressure roller (SPR), the sheet does not stick to the 121.92 cm (4 ft) drying device or the Yankee drying device, respectively. The other softeners did not result in adhesion problems and did not adversely affect the Yankee lining at 0.91 Kg / t (2 pounds / t). However, at 1.81 Kg / t (4 pounds / t) and more, all resulted in unstable Yankee coatings. The results appear in Table 8.

Table 8

 Stamping Pattern

 Calendering Rollers Smoothing Spray Softener, Kg / t (pounds / t) Sensory Smoothness at 450 GMT

 '819

 80 P + J / Steel TQ236 0.91 (2) 16.1

 '819

 80 P + J / Steel D1152 0.91 (2) 16.1

 '819

 56 P + J / Steel D1152 0.91 (2) 16.2

 '819

 56 P + J / Steel TQ456 0.91 (2) 16.1

Comparison of Smoothing Terminators in Wet

The addition of wet termination softeners to a thick stock (usually HW) in amounts of 7.26 Kg / t (16 pounds / t) was possible without creating instability in Yankee siding. The following table shows a comparison of Hercules TO236, TO456, D1152 and Clearwater CS359. All were prepared under similar process conditions. The steel / steel calendering rollers were loaded at 8750 N / m (50 PLI). Stamping pattern '819 was used for conversion. At equivalent addition rates and GMT, all softeners behaved in the same way. In the case in which the refining increased to compensate for the increase in softener, which acts as a detachment agent, no improvement in smoothness was observed. In this case, only Sw del Sur was refined and only softener added to HW del Sur. This was a teona essay of "few links but strong." By only refining SW for strength, a greater amount of HW softener was subsequently added to improve the theoretical smoothness. Only SW refining (20% of the sheet) did not result in a softer sheet. Although not confirmed through the Panel of Experts, D1152 was chosen as the softener of choice based primarily on the subjective evaluation of softness. Table 9 collects the results.

 Raw material

 Refiner, HP Calendering device, N / m (PLI) Smoothing termination softener Smoothing, Kg / t (pounds / t) Sensory smoothness, 450 GMT

 SHW / SW

 No load 8750 (50) TQ236 1.81 (4.0) 16.5

 SHW / SW

 46 8750 (50) TQ236 3.63 (8.0) 16.4

 SHW / SW

 42 8750 (50) TQ456 7.26 (16.0) 16.6

 SHW / SW

 43 8750 (50) D1152 2.04 (4.5) 16.2

 SHHW / SW

 43 8750 (50) D1152 3.40 (7.5) 16.4

 SHW / SW

 43 8750 (50) D1152 4.08 (9.0) 16.8

 SHW / SW

 No load 8750 (50) CS359 1.81 (4.0) 16.3

 NHW / FRF

 No load 14000 (80) D1152 3.63 (8.0) 16.8

Stamping Pattern Effect

5 Different printing patterns were used to determine if a particular pattern interacted with the base sheet with fabric pleating to produce high smoothness. Previous studies have shown that the majority of the printing patterns do not improve the smoothness of the base sheet unless it is by means of resistance degradation. In most cases, the process conditions were similar but not constant for the following comparisons. However, they were similar enough to determine if a significant improvement in softness occurred. The following tables show that no significant improvement in softness can be attributed to any of the patterns tested. It seems that the patterns of "Double Hearts", "819" (US Patent No. 6,827,819) and "Butterflies and Swirls" provide equivalent sensory smoothness. See Tables 10-13 below. Directionally, the "Iris of Mosaic" pattern provided higher values of sensory smoothness than the "Butterflies and Whirlpools with Micro" pattern. 15 Based on this limited data, the "Butterflies and Whirlpools with Micro" pattern is not recommended for the base sheet with fabric pleating. The "M3" and "Mosaic Iris" stamping patterns provided equivalent softness values and should be considered equivalent to those in Table 10 for a constant raw material and GMT.

Table 10 - HW South / SW South

 Stamping Pattern

 GMT Sensory Softness Softness at 450 GMT

 Double Hearts

 493 16.4 16.6

 819

 399 16.6 16.4

 Butterflies and Swirls

 454 16.3 16.3

 Butterflies and Swirls

 421 16.4 16.3

 819

 417 16.4 16.3

 819

 420 16.3 16.2

 819

 403 16.3 16.1

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Table 11 - 40% HW North / 60% Recycled Fiber Fox River (FRF)

 Stamping Pattern

 GMT Sensory Softness Softness at 450 GMT

 Mosaic Iris

 439 17.5 17.5

 Butterflies and Swirls, Micro

 376 17.3 17.0

Table 12 - 40% HW Eucalyptus / 60% Recycled Fiber Fox River (FRF)

 Example

 GMT Stamping Pattern Sensory Softness Softness at 450 GMT

 255

 Mosaic Iris 477 17.6 17.7

 254

 Butterflies and Swirls, Micro 451 17.0 17.0

 256

 Butterflies and Swirls, Micro 419 17.0 16.9

Table 13 - HW Eucalyptus / SW Marathon

 Example

 GMT Stamping Pattern Sensory Softness Softness at 450 GMT

 271

 M3 428 18.6 18.5

 271

 M3 584 17.8 18.3

 257

 Iris Mosaic 507 18.1 18.3

 259

 Butterflies and Swirls, Micro 478 17.9 18.0

 258

 Butterflies and Swirls, Micro 454 18.0 18.0

Pleated Fabric versus Pleated Reel

A base sheet was produced at a constant linear pleat, but with a width range of tissue pleat percentages. The linear pleat or total pleat is calculated by dividing the cylinder speed (also appx formation speed) by the reel speed. From this value, 1 is subtracted. The resulting value is multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage. For the fabric pleat, the transfer cylinder speed is divided by the Yankee speed, because this is also the pleat fabric speed, and then 1 is subtracted and multiplied by 100. For the reel pleat, the Yankee speed is divided by the reel speed and subsequently subtracted 1 and multiplied by 100. Generally, the transfer cylinder speed and the reel speed were kept constant and the Yankee speed was varied to create the different conditions Pleated fabric / reel. The base sheet data shows that the greatest MD stretch took place at the highest reel pleat value. The lowest value of the rupture module as a geometric mean (GM) and the highest value of stretch CD took place at the highest value of tissue pleating. None of the sheets had any operability problem. In addition to the Yankee speed, other process variables were kept constant with the exception of the Yankee coating addition, which was increased for Example 56 (Table 14). In terms of physical properties, the sheets were markedly similar for the extreme range of conditions used for fabric / spool pleating. Table 14 summarizes the results. For these tests, the transfer cylinder was a drying device of 121.92 cm (4 feet) in diameter.

 Base sheet

 Example

 56 54 55 57

 Drying device speed 4 '

 2401 2403 2400 2399

 Yankee Speed

 2200 1800 1530 1400

 Reel speed

 1423 1402 1399 1400

 Pleated fabric,%

 9 34 57 71

 Pleated reel,%

 55 28 9 0

 Linear Pleated,%

 69 71 72 71

 Ream Weight

 24.2 23.3 24.5 24.0

 Thickness 8 Sheets

 72.6 73.4 74.0 70.9

 MD Traction

 569 510 545 499

 MD Stretch

 68.4 59.3 62.3 59.7

 CD drive

 676 617 682 610

 CD stretch

 6.4 6.0 6.8 8.4

 GM Traction

 620 561 608 552

 MD / CD ratio

 0.84 0.83 0.80 0.82

 GM break module

 29 30 29 25

 MD break module

 8 9 9 8

 CD break module

 101 103 99 73

All of the sheets were converted into 1 layer BRT rolls with or without a patterning pattern as described in U.S. Patent No. 5. 6,827,819. The physical data shown in Tables 15 and 16 below were very similar to the previous base sheet data. The sheets with all the fabric pleat and without reel pleat (Ex. 57) had a significantly higher CD stretch and lower CD break modulus. The GM module was directionally lower. However, the sensory softness data did not indicate any softness advantage for any of the sheets (Tables 15 and 16).

10

 Converted, Pattern '819

 Example

 212 208 210 214

 Pleated fabric,%

 9 34 57 71

 Pleated reel,%

 55 28 9 0

 Linear Pleated,%

 69 71 72 71

 Sensory softness

 16.2 16.1 15.9 16.2

 Ream Weight

 20.7 20.7 22.1 21.7

 Thickness of 8 sheets

 75.8 73.7 76.4 72.9

 MD Traction

 505 457 498 444

 MD Stretch

 36.8 37.7 40.0 38.6

 CD drive

 447 446 514 427

 CD stretch

 6.8 6.7 6.7 7.8

 GM Traction

 475 451 506 435

 MD / CD ratio

 1.13 1.03 0.97 1.04

 GM break module

 30.1 28.5 30.9 25.1

 MD break module

 13.7 12.1 12.5 11.5

 CD break module

 66.1 67.1 76.5 54.9

 No stamping

 Example

 211 207 210 213

 Pleated fabric,%

 9 34 57 71

 Pleated reel,%

 55 28 9 0

 Linear Pleated,%

 69 71 72 71

 Sensory softness

 15.4 15.8 15.2 15.7

 Ream Weight

 22.6 22.6 23.4 24.2

 Thickness of 8 sheets

 70.1 68.7 67.3 67.0

 MD Traction

 567 493 496 536

 MD Stretch

 50.8 46.6 45.4 47.5

 CD drive

 561 559 628 583

 CD stretch

 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.9

 GM Traction

 564 525 558 559

 MD / CD ratio

 1.01 0.88 0.79 0.92

 GM break module

 35.3 32.8 33.8 30.9

 MD break module

 11.1 10.6 10.9 11.3

 CD break module

 111.9 101.7 104.9 84.4

Pleated Fabric Effect

5 Various designs of pleated fabric were used to produce base sheets to convert to a 1 layer BRT. Table 17 below shows the data of base sheets under similar process conditions. In the pleat fabric type row, the MD and CD filament beads are shown as 42x31, for example. First, the MD account is displayed. MD or CD refers to the longest hinge on the side of the fabric against the sheet. M, G and B refer to weaving styles. The highest thickness was achieved without calendering with 56x26 mesh fabrics.

10 This allowed high levels of calendering while still achieving a desired roll diameter and firmness in the converted product. High levels of calendering should reduce the double-sided finish and may improve softness.

 Base sheet

 Fabric Pleated Type

 44G, CD (42X31) 56X45M, MD 56X25G, MD 56X25G, CD 36X32B, MD 56X25M, CD

 Ream weight, without calendering

 23.9 24.2 23.8 24.5 24.2

 Thickness of 8 sheets, without calendering

 87 91 102 103 98

 Calendering, N / m (PLI)

 3500 (20) 8750 (50) 14000 (80) 14000 (80) 8750 (50) 8750 (50)

 Ream weight, calendered

 23.2 24.0 23.0 23.7 23.0 21.3

 Thickness of 8 sheets, calendered

 78.7 63.9 63.9 67.6 68.1 63.6

When converted using the '819 pattern, the 56x25G sheets, at a calendering of 14000 N / m (80 PLI), had 5 directionally smooth sensory smoothness.

Effect of MD / CD Traction Ratio

The fabric pleating process has the ability to easily control the ratio of MD / CD traction over a much wider range than the conventional wet press and TAD processes. Proportions of 4.0 to 0.4 have been produced without taking the process to its limits. Traditionally, Tisu products required that that MD traction be higher than the CD traction in order to maximize training. For maximum smoothness, the CD drive was maintained at the lowest possible value. This increases the risk of failure during consumer use. If the CD traction could be increased and the MD traction decreased, GMT remains constant. Therefore, at an equivalent global resistance, there is less probability of failure. The following table shows data of finished 1 layer BRT for two separate tests in which the ratio of 15 MD / CD traction was varied. Table 18 below compares examples 90, 89, 107 and 108. The reduction in the MD / CD ratio increased both the CD module and the MD module. However, sensory softness was not significantly affected when GMT was taken into account. The CD resistance increased by approximately 13.12 grams / cm (100 grams / 3 inches). This should greatly reduce the risk of failure during use. The extensible nature of the base sheet could prevent breakage due to low resistance. For a high speed commercial operation 20, it may be necessary to change the type of perf blade so that it adapts to low strength and high stretch.

 Raw material

 80% EUC 80% EUC 70% NAHHW 70% NAHHW

 20% MAR 20% MAR 30% NAHSW 30% NAHSW

 Example

 90 89 107 108

 MD / CD

 1.78 1.18 1.37 0.91

 Sensory softness

 18.2 17.7 16.3 16.4

 Smoothness at 450 GMT

 17.9 17.6 16.1 16.3

 GMT

 371 427 403 417

 Bw

 20.3 20.2 20.3 20.4

 Thickness

 63.3 65.9 67.0 67.8

 MD Traction

 494 463 471 397

 CD drive

 278 393 345 438

 MD Stretch

 25.0 24.4 37.6 34.1

 CD stretch

 7.8 5.9 8.7 7.1

 MD break module

 19.8 19.0 12.6 11.7

 CD break module

 35.9 67.0 39.8 61.1

 GM break module

 26.6 35.7 22.4 26.7

5 Amount of HW South

Table 19 below shows the effect of the amount of HW South on sensory softness. No improvement in softness was observed at 75% HW. In both cases, the softness was well below the 17.0 target. 80 P + J steel / rubber calendering rollers were used.

Table 19

 Example

 Stamping pattern HW South,% Sensory softness at 450 GMT

 196

 '819 75 16.2

 200

 '819 50 16.1

10

Pleated Fabric vs. Spray Softener

Process variables were manipulated to determine the result, if any, on the sensory smoothness of the 17.0 finished product using HW South and SW. One of these comparisons was between a base sheet without spray softener using raised fabric pleat to control the resistance and low tissue pleated using spray softener to control the resistance. Table 20 shows that the smoothness was equivalent when adjusted for GMT. In both cases, the softness was well below the 17.0 target. 80 P + J steel / rubber calendering rollers were used.

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

 PM # 2 Roller #

 Spray Softening Stamping Pattern, Kg / t (pounds / t) Pleated Fabric,% Sensory Smoothness at 450 GMT

 200

 '819 0.91 (2) 31 16.1

 198

 '819 0 (0) 56 16.1

Vacuum Molding Box

The molding box was placed on the pleat fabric, between the pleat roller and the solid pressure roller. Normally, sheet solids were between 38 and 44% at this time. The effect of the ford on the thickness of the sheet can be seen in the table. An increase of almost 0.20 mm (8 thousandths of an inch) of "thickness of 8 sheets" with 533.40 mm (21 inches) of mercury ford was observed in the molding box. This is an increase of approximately 14%. Both rolls were calendered at 8750 N / m (50 PLI) with steel / steel rollers. The amount of thickness development depends on the thickness of the fabric weave and the amount of ford applied. Other properties of the sheet were not significantly affected. Drying was affected by the use of the molding box. Without a significant change in the temperature of the Yankee hood, the humidity of the sheet after the Yankee device increased from 2.66 to 3.65%.

The ford pushes the sheet intensely against the pleated fabric, therefore, there is less contact with the Yankee device and more drying is required to maintain the moisture of the sheet. See Table 21. In this case, Yankee hood temperatures were not adjusted.

Table 21

 Pleated fabric

 Ford Molding Box, 8 Sheet Thickness, Scanner Sheet Moisture,

 mm (inches) of Hg mm (thousandths of an inch)%

 44G

 0 (0) 1.44 (56.7) 2.66

 44G

 533.40 (21) 1.64 (64.6) 3.65

Effect of Laminate Moisture, on Pleated Fabric, on the Properties of the Base Laminate

By means of the manipulation of the process variables, the humidity of the sheet that is introduced into the fabric pleating part of the process can be varied. In the paper machine used, equipped with a 120 mm press-holder and a sheet of 9.98 kg (22 pounds), solids can be varied from approximately 34 to 46%. For a low solids condition, the STR ford was reduced, the press-support load was reduced and the steam of the 4-foot drying device was reduced. To dry this sheet to approximately 2% humidity on the reel, it was necessary to increase the Yankee steam and the temperature of the hood. The low solids base sheet was approximately 35.43 grams / cm (270 grams / 3 inches) lower in GMT than the high solids sheet. See the following table. This is mainly due to the low compaction that takes place at a lower press-support load. The fabric pleating stage reorganized the fibers to a large extent, but apparently was not able to completely undo all the compression compaction. Other physical properties, which include SAT capacity, were not significantly different when the resistance difference was taken into account. This experiment should be repeated at a constant press through the exclusive use of steam and steam to modify the solids of the sheet. However, based on this experiment, the effect of the solids of the sheet on the properties of the base sheet in the studied range is not expected to be significant. The impact of drying is significant and it is worth expanding the range of solids under test. The results are shown in Table 22 below.

 "Low" Fabric Pleated Solids Content "High" Fabric Pleated Solids Content

 Example

 94 95

 Laminate Solids Content Before Pleated Fabric

 33.8 46.1

 Yankee Bell Temperature

 950 550

 Yankee Steamer, KPa (PSI)

 758.42 (110) 723.95 (105)

 Vacfo Suction Dump Roller

 7.9 13.1

 Press Load-Support, N / m (PLI)

 35000 (200) 87500 (500)

 4 Feet Drying Device Steam

 25 70

 Bw

 22.3 22.8

 Thickness

 91.2 85.2

 MD Traction

 976 1236

 MD Stretch

 52.2 53.7

 CD drive

 1205 1481

 CD stretch

 5.8 5.6

 GMT

 1084 1353

 MD / CD

 0.81 0.83

 GM Break Module

 61 78

 CD Break Module

 205 261

 MD Break Module

 18 24

 SAT capacity

 190 168

Although the invention has been described along with various examples, modifications to those examples within the scope and scope of the invention will be clearly apparent to those skilled in the art. In view of the previous discussion, the relevant knowledge in the art and references that include related requests discussed above together with Background and Detailed Description, whose disclosures are incorporated herein by reference, additional description is not deemed necessary.

Claims (28)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five fifty 55 60 1. -A method of manufacturing an absorbent cellulosic sheet pleated on tape, the method comprising: (a) preparing a cellulosic papermaking raw material comprising a mixture of hardwood and softwood fibers; (b) providing the papermaking raw material to a jet forming fabric that leaves from a header box at a jet rate; (c) dehydrate by compacting the papermaking raw material to form a dehydrated paper web having a distribution of apparently random papermaking fibers; (d) applying the dehydrated paper web having a seemingly random fiber distribution to a transfer transfer surface that moves at a transfer surface speed; (e) subject the dehydrated paper web from the transfer surface to a pleat of approximately 30 to about 60 percent consistency using a pattern pleated tape, the tape pleated step taking place under pressure in a point of fastening of pleated tape defined between the transfer surface and the pleated tape, in which the belt travels at a belt speed that is less than the speed of the transfer surface, such that the paper web dehydrated undergoes pleating from the transfer surface and is redistributed on the pleated tape to form a band of pleated paper with a lattice having a plurality of interconnected regions of different local ream weights including at least (i) a plurality of fiber-enriched regions having a high local ream weight, interconnected by means of one (ii) plurality of weight binding regions low local ream; Y (f) drying the pleated paper web, in which the pleated paper web has a stretch in the transverse direction of the machine (CD) in percent that is at least about 2.75 times the dry tensile ratio of the pleated paper band. 2. - The manufacturing method of the pleated absorbent cellulosic tape according to Claim 1, wherein the fibers of the fiber-enriched regions have a deviation in the CD. 3. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim, in which the tape pleating step is operated at a fabric pleat of about 10 to about 100%. 4. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 1, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a fabric pleat of at least about 40%. 5. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 1, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a fabric pleat of at least about 60%. 6. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 1, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a fabric pleat of at least about 80%. 7. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 1, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a fabric pleat of at least about 100% or more. 8. - The method of manufacturing an absorbent cellulosic tape pleated tape according to Claim 1, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a tissue pleat of at least about 125% or more. 9. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 1, wherein the pleated paper web comprises a secondary fiber. 10. - A method of manufacturing a strip of absorbent cellulose paper pleated on tape for tissue products, the method comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a raw material for the manufacture of aqueous cellulosic paper from a mixture of hardwood and softwood fibers, in which the papermaking raw material consists predominantly of hardwood fibers; 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five fifty 55 60 (b) providing the papermaking raw material to a jet forming fabric that leaves from a header box at a jet rate; (c) dehydrate by compacting the papermaking raw material to form a dehydrated paper web having a distribution of apparently random papermaking fibers; (d) applying the dehydrated paper web having a distribution of seemingly random papermaking fibers to a transfer transfer surface that moves at a transfer surface speed; (e) subject the dehydrated paper web from the transfer surface to a pleat of approximately 30 to about 60 percent consistency using a pattern pleated tape, the tape pleated step taking place under pressure in a point of fastening of pleated tape defined between the transfer surface and the pleated tape, in which the belt travels at a belt speed that is less than the speed of the transfer surface, such that the paper web dehydrated undergoes pleating from the transfer surface and is redistributed on the pleated tape to form a band of pleated paper with a lattice having a plurality of interconnected regions of different local ream weights including at least (i) a plurality of fiber-enriched regions having a high local ream weight, interconnected by means of one (ii) plurality of weight binding regions low local ream; Y (f) dry the pleated paper web, in which the pleated paper web has an absorbency of at least 5 g / g and a stretch in the transverse direction of the machine (CD) in percentage which is on the one hand (i) at least approximately 2.75 times the proportion of dry traction in the direction of the machine with respect to the transverse direction of the machine (MD / CD) of the pleated paper web and on the other, (ii) at least about 5%. 11. - The method of manufacturing an absorbent cellulosic sheet pleated on tape according to claim 10, which further comprises the step of calendering the pleated paper web between a first calendering roller and a second calendering roller. 12. - The method of manufacturing a pleated absorbent cellulosic sheet according to claim 11, in which the first calendering roller is steel and the second calendering roller is steel. 13. - The method of manufacturing a pleated tapered cellulosic sheet according to Claim 10, wherein the fibers of the fiber-enriched regions are offset in the transverse direction of the machine. 14. - The method of manufacturing an absorbent cellulosic tape pleated tape according to Claim 10, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a tissue pleat of about 10 to about 100%. 15. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 10, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a fabric pleat of approximately 40%. 16. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 10, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a fabric pleat of approximately 60%. 17. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 10, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a tissue pleat of approximately 80%. 18. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 10, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a fabric pleat of approximately 100%. 19. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 10, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a fabric pleat of approximately 125%. 20. - A method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic band for tissue products, the method comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a raw material for the manufacture of aqueous cellulosic paper from a mixture of hardwood and softwood fibers, in which the papermaking raw material consists predominantly of softwood fibers; 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five fifty (b) providing the papermaking raw material to a jet forming fabric that leaves from a header box at a jet rate; (c) dehydrate by compacting the papermaking raw material to form a dehydrated paper web having a distribution of apparently random papermaking fibers; (d) applying the dehydrated paper web having a distribution of seemingly random papermaking fibers to a transfer transfer surface that moves at a transfer surface speed; (e) subject the dehydrated paper web from the transfer surface to a pleat of approximately 30 to about 60 percent consistency using a pattern pleated tape, the tape pleated step taking place under pressure in a point of fastening of pleated tape defined between the transfer surface and the pleated tape, in which the belt travels at a belt speed that is less than the speed of the transfer surface, such that the paper web dehydrated undergoes pleating from the transfer surface and is redistributed on the pleated tape to form a band of pleated paper with a lattice having a plurality of interconnected regions of different local ream weights including at least (i) a plurality of fiber-enriched regions having a high local ream weight, interconnected by means of one (ii) plurality of weight binding regions low local ream; Y (f) dry the pleated paper web, in which the pleated paper web has an absorbency of at least 5 g / g and a stretch in the transverse direction of the machine (CD) in percentage which is on the one hand (i) at least approximately 2.75 times the proportion of dry traction in the direction of the machine with respect to the transverse direction of the machine (MD / CD) of the pleated paper web and on the other, (ii) at least about 5%. 21. - The method of manufacturing a pleated absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 20, wherein the fibers in the fiber-enriched regions are offset in the direction transverse to the machine. 22. - The method of manufacturing an absorbent cellulosic tape pleated tape according to Claim 20, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a tissue pleat of about 10 to about 100%. 23. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 20, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a fabric pleat of approximately 40%. 24. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 20, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a fabric pleat of approximately 60%. 25. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 20, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a tissue pleat of approximately 80%. 26. - The method of manufacturing a tapered absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 20, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a fabric pleat of approximately 100%. 27. - The method of manufacturing a tapered pleated absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 20, wherein the tape pleating step is operated at a fabric pleat of approximately 125%. 28. - The method of manufacturing a pleated absorbent cellulosic sheet according to Claim 20, wherein the pleated paper web comprises secondary fibers.