ES2555131T3 - Plantilla y método de corte para un parche hemostático - Google Patents
Plantilla y método de corte para un parche hemostático Download PDFInfo
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- ES2555131T3 ES2555131T3 ES12152221.3T ES12152221T ES2555131T3 ES 2555131 T3 ES2555131 T3 ES 2555131T3 ES 12152221 T ES12152221 T ES 12152221T ES 2555131 T3 ES2555131 T3 ES 2555131T3
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- patch
- openings
- hemostatic
- slit
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Una plantilla de corte que comprende: una parte superior (200, 300) que tiene al menos una hendidura (220, 320) que forma un patrón deseado; una parte inferior (210, 310) que comprende una zona rebajada (230, 330) capaz de sujetar un parche quirúrgico en su interior y centrar el parche quirúrgico debajo de la parte superior (200, 300) de la plantilla; y un medio para conectar la parte superior (200, 300) a la parte inferior (210, 310), y caracterizado por que la parte inferior posee aberturas (240, 340) correspondientes al patrón en la parte superior, proporcionándose las aberturas dentro de la zona rebajada, lo cual permite que el parche quirúrgico se corte hasta el final mientras apoya el parche quirúrgico.
Description
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DESCRIPCION
Plantilla y metodo de corte para un parche hemostatico Antecedentes
La presente divulgacion se refiere a implantes y, mas en particular, a parches adecuados para alcanzar la hemostasia.
La terapia hemostatica in situ se ha centrado principalmente en la transformacion de soluciones precursoras en solidos dentro del cuerpo de un paciente. La transformacion de estos precursores puede alcanzarse de varias formas, como la precipitacion, la polimerizacion, la reticulacion, y la desolvatacion. Sin embargo, existen limitaciones a la hora de utilizar soluciones para la terapia hemostatica in situ. Por ejemplo, las soluciones de baja viscosidad pueden derramarse y disiparse desde un sitio de aplicacion antes de producirse la transformacion y la solidificacion. Ademas, la formulacion de las soluciones puede ser compleja, ya que su preparacion puede requerir la reconstitucion de precursores, o, cuando las soluciones se almacenan congeladas, la descongelacion. Asimismo, determinadas cirugfas, como las que se ocupan de unir las estructuras tubulares en el cuerpo, (por ejemplo, las anastomosis), no se prestan al uso de terapias hemostaticas lfquidas.
Por lo tanto, sena beneficioso proporcionar un dispositivo implantable capaz de adherirse y proporcionar terapia hemostatica a estructuras fisiologicas a las que un dispositivo solido pudiera no adherirse facilmente.
El documento US2010/018447 describe una plantilla de corte segun el preambulo de reivindicacion 1.
Compendio
La presente divulgacion se refiere a parches quirurgicos, plantillas de corte adecuadas para adaptar las formas de los parches quirurgicos, y metodos de formacion de parches quirurgicos con estas plantillas.
Se proporciona una plantilla de corte de la presente divulgacion segun la reivindicacion 1 e incluye una parte superior que tiene al menos una hendidura que forma un patron deseado; una parte inferior que tiene aberturas correspondientes al patron en la parte superior, incluyendo la parte inferior ademas una zona rebajada capaz de sujetar un parche quirurgico en su interior; y un medio para conectar la parte superior a la parte inferior.
En otras realizaciones, como se describe en las reivindicaciones dependientes, una plantilla de corte de la presente divulgacion puede incluir una parte superior que tiene hendiduras que forman un patron de estrella; una parte inferior que tiene aberturas correspondientes al patron de estrella presente en la parte superior, y un medio para conectar la parte superior a la parte inferior.
Como se ha comentado anteriormente, tambien se proporcionan metodos para utilizar plantillas de corte para formar parches quirurgicos. Un metodo de la presente divulgacion, segun la reivindicacion 8, incluye proporcionar una plantilla de corte que incluye una parte superior que tiene al menos una hendidura que forma un patron deseado, una parte inferior que tiene aberturas correspondientes a la al menos una hendidura presente en la parte superior, y un medio para conectar la parte superior a la parte inferior, incluyendo la parte inferior ademas una zona rebajada capaz de sujetar un parche quirurgico en su interior; introducir un parche quirurgico en la zona rebajada en la parte inferior; hacer pasar un dispositivo de corte a traves de la al menos una hendidura en la parte superior, el parche quirurgico, y las aberturas en la parte inferior, cortando asf el parche quirurgico in el patron de la al menos una hendidura y las aberturas; extraer la parte superior de la plantilla de la parte inferior de la plantilla; y extraer el parche quirurgico que tiene el patron de la plantilla de corte.
Breve descripcion de los dibujos
Los dibujos adjuntos, que se incorporan y forman parte de la presente memoria descriptiva, ilustran ejemplos de la divulgacion y, junto con una descripcion general de la divulgacion presentada anteriormente, y la descripcion detallada de los ejemplos facilitados a continuacion, sirven para explicar los principios de la divulgacion.
La Figura 1 es una ilustracion de un parche hemostatico de la presente divulgacion que tiene solapas;
La Figura 2 es una ilustracion del parche hemostatico de la Figura 1 con algunas de las solapas retrafdas;
La Figura 3 es una ilustracion del parche hemostatico de la Figura 1 con solapas retrafdas longitudinales;
La Figura 4 es una ilustracion del parche hemostatico de la Figura 1 con solapas adicionales y las solapas retrafdas
longitudinales;
La Figura 5A es una vista lateral del parche hemostatico de la Figura 1, plegado con solapas retrafdas para colocarse sobre una anastomosis quirurgica;
La Figura 5B es una vista lateral de la anastomosis quirurgica que tiene el parche hemostatico de la Figura 1
colocado encima;
La Figura 6 es una ilustracion de otro parche hemostatico mas segun la presente divulgacion;
La Figura 7 es una ilustracion de una anastomosis quirurgica que tiene dos de los parches hemostaticos de la Figura 6 aplicados a la misma;
5 La Figura 8 es una ilustracion de una anastomosis quirurgica con uno de los parches hemostaticos de la Figura 6;
La Figura 9 es una ilustracion ampliada de una parte de un parche hemostatico segun la presente divulgacion;
La Figura 10 es una ilustracion ampliada de una anastomosis quirurgica y un parche hemostatico segun la presente divulgacion;
La Figura 11 es una ilustracion ampliada de una anastomosis quirurgica y un parche hemostatico reticulado segun la 10 presente divulgacion;
Las Figuras 12 A-C son ilustraciones de una plantilla para cortar un parche hemostatico segun la presente divulgacion;
Las Figuras 13 A-B son ilustraciones de una plantilla para cortar un parche hemostatico segun la presente divulgacion;
15 Las Figuras 14 A-B son ilustraciones de un parche hemostatico de la presente divulgacion que tiene una hendidura longitudinal capaz de formar solapas; y
Las Figuras 15 A-B son ilustraciones de un parche hemostatico de la presente divulgacion que tiene una configuracion laparoscopica, que incluye una hendidura longitudinal capaz de formar solapas.
Descripcion detallada
20 La presente divulgacion proporciona implantes quirurgicos que, pueden ser adecuados para promover la hemostasia. La presente divulgacion proporciona terapia hemostatica in situ, que incluye dispositivos implantables combinados con materiales secos que se activan mediante la presencia de fluidos fisiologicos acuosos. La combinacion de un dispositivo implantable con materiales secos puede garantizar que la terapia hemostatica in situ se produzca en el sitio de implantacion.
25 En ejemplos, un implante segun la presente divulgacion puede ser un parche quirurgico. El parche quirurgico puede configurarse para que sea capaz de rodear estructuras tubulares de diversos tamanos in situ. En ejemplos; el parche quirurgico puede incluir una hendidura longitudinal. Hendiduras adicionales pueden extenderse desde la hendidura longitudinal. Estas hendiduras pueden formar solapas retractiles que pueden retraerse para la colocacion in situ y replegarse sobre el lugar de, por ejemplo, un area de sangrado. En otros ejemplos, el parche quirurgico puede incluir 30 uno o varios agujeros con salida o recortes para la colocacion del parche alrededor de diversos tejidos in situ. Ademas, el parche puede estar recubierto/o impregnado con materiales, tales como precursores, que formaran un hidrogel in situ. Estos hidrogeles pueden promover aun mas la hemostasia y/o ayudar a adherir el parche al tejido.
Aunque la siguiente descripcion es con referencia a un parche hemostatico, el parche descrito en la presente memoria puede ser cualquier parche quirurgico y no se limita a parches capaces de conferir hemostasia.
35 Haciendo referencia ahora en detalle a los dibujos, en los que se aplican los mismos numeros de referencia a los mismos elementos en las diversas vistas, la Figura 1 representa un parche hemostatico 10 que incluye un cuerpo 11, una hendidura longitudinal 12 que biseca una parte de cuerpo 11, y hendiduras adicionales que se extienden desde la hendidura longitudinal 12, formando un patron de estrella 14, que defines secciones retractiles 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, y 30. Como puede apreciarse en la Figura 1, las hendiduras adicionales que se extienden desde la 40 hendidura longitudinal pueden definir la cantidad de secciones retractiles.
La hendidura longitudinal 12 y las hendiduras adicionales que forman el patron de estrella 14 son cortes a lo largo del cuerpo 11 del parche hemostatico 10. Estas hendiduras pueden formarse sin extraer ninguna parte del cuerpo 11 del parche hemostatico 10, es decir, el cuerpo 11 puede ser contiguo. En ejemplos, las hendiduras pueden perforarse, en lugar de atravesarse, para que determinadas secciones puedan retraerse mientras que otras 45 secciones se mantienen de forma segura en su posicion original. La hendidura longitudinal 12 se extiende desde un borde del cuerpo 11 y puede bisecar de aproximadamente el 1 % a aproximadamente el 99 % de la longitud del cuerpo 11, en los ejemplos de aproximadamente el 25 % a aproximadamente el 75 % de la longitud del cuerpo 11. En ejemplos, las hendiduras adicionales pueden ser de aproximadamente el 10 % a aproximadamente el 75 % de la longitud de la hendidura longitudinal, en los ejemplos de aproximadamente el 25 % a aproximadamente el 50 % de 50 la longitud de la hendidura longitudinal.
Cualquier cantidad de hendiduras adicionales puede extenderse desde la hendidura longitudinal. Por ejemplo, en los ejemplos, el implante puede incluir una hendidura adicional. En otros ejemplos, el implante puede incluir, por
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ejemplo, 20 o mas hendiduras adicionales. En algunos casos puede haber de aproximadamente 2 a aproximadamente 10 hendiduras adicionales. Las hendiduras adicionales pueden estar en cualquier angulo que se extienda desde la hendidura longitudinal. Por ejemplo, una hendidura adicional puede extenderse en un angulo de aproximadamente 1° a aproximadamente 179° desde la hendidura longitudinal. Cuando haya mas de una hendidura adicional, las hendiduras adicionales pueden extenderse desde la hendidura longitudinal en angulos que sean iguales, es decir, cada hendidura adicional puede inclinarse al mismo angulo respecto a las que estan a cada lado de la misma, o en angulos diferentes.
Como se ha mencionado, las hendiduras forman secciones retractiles o solapas. Como se muestra en la Figura 2, las secciones 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, y 30 pueden abrirse (o retraerse) para formar solapas retractiles 16', 18', 20', 22', 24', 26', 28', y 30', y agujero con salida 31. Segun la presente divulgacion un "agujero con salida" atraviesa completamente el parche hemostatico, creando asf una abertura. En ejemplos no se extrae ninguna parte del cuerpo 11 para crear el agujero con salida 31; en su lugar, el agujero con salida 31 se forma retrayendo las solapas retractiles 16', 18', 20', 22', 24', 26', 28', y 30'. Aunque se represente con ocho secciones retractiles, puede incluirse cualquier cantidad de secciones retractiles en el parche hemostatico 10.
La Figura 3 representa el parche hemostatico 10 con la hendidura longitudinal 12 retrafda o replegada back para formar solapas retractiles 32 y 34. Las solapas retractiles permiten que el parche hemostatico 10 rodee el tejido antes de entrar en contacto con el tejido. La Figura 4 representa todas las solapas 32, 34, 16', 18', 20', 22', 24', 26', 28', y 30' retrafdas para crear una gran abertura en el cuerpo 11 del parche hemostatico 10.
Al replegarse, las solapas pueden evitar que los precursores de hidrogel encima del parche entren en contacto con la superficie tisular humeda hasta que el parche quirurgico este en su sitio. Entonces las solapas pueden replegarse sobre el tejido para rodear y sellar el tejido tubular para evitar sangrados adicionales. Los recortes y agujeros con salida hacen posible la hemostasia alrededor de tejidos con forma unica in situ. Esta funcion puede ser util, por ejemplo, durante un procedimiento quirurgico tal como un procedimiento de anastomosis. Durante una anastomosis quirurgica, dos estructuras tubulares o tejidos huecos se unen in situ. Por ejemplo, una anastomosis quirurgica puede incluir: la union de dos vasos sangumeos durante una revascularizacion quirurgica, incluido un procedimiento conocido como injerto para revascularizacion coronaria; la extirpacion de una parte de intestino despues de la extraccion de un segmento intestinal; procedimientos de reversion de ligadura de trompas o vasectoirna; la restauracion de la continuidad de la vejiga; etc.
En ejemplos, un parche hemostatico con un patron de estrella puede ser util en una anastomosis vascular termino- lateral. Por ejemplo, puede que los parches hemostaticos con forma de lamina no se apliquen facilmente a una anastomosis vascular termino-lateral debido a la compleja geometna que existe en el sitio de la anastomosis. Ademas, si el material utilizado para formar el parche hemostatico no se ajusta lo suficiente, puede estirarse alrededor de lmea de sutura de la anastomosis, pero aparece un riesgo de compresion y/o estenosis. Pueden cortarse y colocarse pequenas tiras sobre la lmea de sutura, pero esto puede durar mucho tiempo, y las tiras solapadas pueden dar lugar a huecos, lo cual puede permitir que el sangrado continue.
En la Figura 5A se muestra un ejemplo de una anastomosis vascular 100. Un vaso sangumeo 52 se une a un vaso sangumeo 54 utilizando suturas o grapas 56. Las solapas 32, 18', 16', 30', 28' (mostradas) y 34, 20', 22', 24', 26' (no mostradas) del cuerpo 11 del parche hemostatico 10 se retraen para evitar el contacto con los vasos 52 y 54, antes de colocar el parche hemostatico 10 alrededor de la interseccion de los vasos 52 y 54. Como se muestra en la Figura 5B, al colocarse alrededor de la anastomosis 100, el cuerpo 11 rodea la interseccion de los vasos 52 y 54 (mostrados) y 28', 20', 22', 24' y 26' (no mostrados). El cuerpo 11 del parche hemostatico 10 es coplanar con el vaso 54. Las solapas 16', 18' y 30' (mostradas) y 28', 20', 22', 24', y 26' (no mostradas) se retraen del plano del cuerpo 11 y sostienen el vaso 52.
La Figura 6 representa otro ejemplo mas de un implante de la presente divulgacion. Un parche hemostatico 80 puede incluir el cuerpo 82 y recortes curvados 84, 86, 88, y 90. Cada uno de los recortes curvados 84, 86, 88, y 90 tiene una profundidad A, B, C, y D, respectivamente. Las profundidades A, B, C, D, son la distancia entre el borde del cuerpo 82 del parche hemostatico y la parte mas interna del recorte curvado 84, 86, 88, y 90, respectivamente, y pueden ser iguales o diferentes para cada recorte curvado 84, 86, 88, y 90. Por ejemplo, cuando la profundidad es diferente, en los ejemplos la profundidad A puede ser de aproximadamente 2 mm, la profundidad B de aproximadamente 3 mm, la profundidad C de aproximadamente 4 mm, y la profundidad D de aproximadamente 5 mm. En otros ejemplos, la profundidad de, por ejemplo, los recortes 84 y 90, o 88 y 86, puede ser la misma.
Como se muestra en la Figura 7 una anastomosis vascular 100 puede formarse a partir de los tejidos 102 y 104. Dos parches hemostaticos de la Figura 6, 80 y 80', pueden adaptarse para que los recortes curvados 90 y 90' (no mostrados) rodeen el tejido 102 y los cuerpos 82 y 82' se extiendan a lo largo de, se adhieran a, y sean coplanares con el tejido 104. La Figura 8 representa un ejemplo en el que las profundidades Ay D de los recortes curvados 84 y 90, respectivamente, son las mismas. El cuerpo 82 del parche hemostatico 80 puede rodear al tejido 108 y los recortes curvados 84 y 90 pueden rodear al tejido 106.
La Figura 9 representa un cuerpo 111 de un parche hemostatico 110 de la divulgacion. El cuerpo 111 esta fabricado de un material o sustrato 116 poroso o similar a la tela. El sustrato 116 poroso tiene un primer precursor de hidrogel
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112 aplicado a una primera parte y un segundo precursor de hidrogel 120 aplicado a una segunda parte. Dicho parche hemostatico 1l0 aparece describedo en la Solicitud de Patente estadounidense n.° 12/573.176, presentada el 5 de octubre de 2009. El cuerpo 111 de la Figura 9 se muestra con un primer precursor de hidrogel 112 en forma de partfculas aplicadas a una primera parte del sustrato poroso o material similar a la tela 116 y un segundo precursor de hidrogel 120 en forma de una pelfcula aplicada a una segunda parte del sustrato 116 poroso.
Durante el funcionamiento, el parche hemostatico 110 se orienta con la segunda parte del cuerpo 111, a la que se aplica el segundo precursor de hidrogel 120, que esta mas cerca del tejido 130, y la primera parte que tiene el primer precursor de hidrogel 112 aplicado a la misma mas lejos del tejido 130. En ejemplos, la primera y segunda partes pueden distinguirse entre sf anadiendo colorantes de contraste, texturizacion superficial, coloracion u otras senales visuales. En contacto con tejido, tal como, por ejemplo, tejido lesionado 130, el parche hemostatico 110 absorbera fluido fisiologico y el fluido podra disolver el segundo precursor de hidrogel 120. A medida que el fluido se introduce y migra a traves del cuerpo 111 del parche hemostatico 110, transportara el segundo precursor de hidrogel 120 disuelto a lo largo del parche hemostatico 110. Finalmente, el fluido migrara a traves del cuerpo 111 lo suficiente como para alcanzar la primera parte a la que se aplica el primer precursor de hidrogel 112, entrando asf en contacto con el primer precursor de hidrogel 112. El primer y segundo precursores de hidrogel 112,120 reaccionaran entonces para formar un material reticulado biocompatible, creando asf hemostasia en el sitio de la lesion. En ejemplos, el material reticulado biocompatible producido por la reaccion del primer y segundo precursores de hidrogel 112, 120 no solo aportara propiedades hemostaticas, sino que tambien proporcionara una parte del parche hemostatico 110 con propiedades adhesivas.
El sustrato 116 poroso del cuerpo 111 del parche hemostatico 110 tiene aberturas o poros sobre al menos una parte de una superficie del mismo. Los poros pueden formarse en el sustrato antes o despues de la implantacion. Como se describe con mas detalle a continuacion, los materiales adecuados para formar el sustrato poroso incluyen, pero no se limitan a, estructuras fibrosas (por ejemplo, estructuras tejidas, estructuras entrelazadas, estructuras no entrelazadas, etc.) y/o espumas (por ejemplo, espumas de celulas abiertas o cerradas). En ejemplos, los poros pueden ser de un numero y tamano suficiente como para interconectarse y abarcar asf todo el grosor del sustrato poroso. Los tejidos, los tejidos entrelazados y la espuma de celulas abiertas son ejemplos ilustrativos de estructuras en las que los poros pueden ser de un numero y tamano suficientes como para interconectarse a lo largo de todo el grosor del sustrato poroso. En ejemplos, los poros no se interconectan por todo el grosor del sustrato poroso. La espuma de celulas cerradas o los materiales no entrelazados fundidos son ejemplos ilustrativos de estructuras en las que los poros pueden no interconectarse por todo el grosor del sustrato poroso. En otros ejemplos, los poros del sustrato poroso pueden abarcar todo el grosor de sustrato poroso. En otros ejemplos mas, los poros no se extienden por todo el grosor del sustrato poroso, sino que estan presentes en una parte del grosor del mismo. En ejemplos, las aberturas o poros se encuentran en una parte de la superficie del sustrato poroso, con otras partes del sustrato poroso que tienen una textura no porosa.
En otros ejemplos, los poros pueden formarse despues de la implantacion in situ. La formacion de poros in situ puede realizarse utilizando cualquier metodo adecuado. Algunos ejemplos no limitativos incluyen el uso de litograffa de contacto, sistemas de fotopolimerizacion por radicales vivos, lixiviacion de sales, combinaciones de los mismos, etc. Los expertos en la materia que lean la presente divulgacion concebiran otros patrones y configuraciones de distribucion de poros para el sustrato poroso.
Cuando el sustrato poroso es fibroso, las fibras pueden incluir filamentos o hilos adecuados para tejer o entrelazar o pueden ser fibras discontinuas, tales como las que se utilizan frecuentemente para preparar materiales no entrelazados. Las fibras pueden estar fabricadas de cualquier material biocompatible. De esta forma, las fibras pueden estar formadas de un material natural o un material sintetico. El material a partir del cual se forman las fibras puede ser bioabsorbible o no bioabsorbible. Hay que entender que puede utilizarse cualquier combinacion de materiales naturales, sinteticos, bioabsorbibles y no bioabsorbibles para formar las fibras.
Algunos ejemplos no limitativos a partir de los cuales pueden hacerse las fibras incluyen, pero no se limitan a, poliesteres tales como el poli(acido lactico) y el poli(acido glicolico) polit(rimetilen carbonato), poli(dioxanona), poli(hidroxibutirato), poli(fosfazina), polietileno tereftalato, polietileno de ultra alto peso molecular, polietilenglicoles, oxidos de polietileno, poliacrilamidas, polihidroxietilmetacrilato (pHEMA), polivinilpirrolidona, alcoholes de polivinilo, acido poliacnlico, poliacetato, policaprolactona, polipropileno, poliesteres alifaticos, gliceroles, poli(aminoacidos), copoli(eter-esteres), oxalatos de polialquileno, poli(sacaridos), poliamidas, poli(iminocarbonatos), oxalatos de polialquileno, polioxaesteres, poliortoesteres, polifosfazenos, biopolfmetos, farmacos polimericos y copolfmeros, copolfmeros bloque, homopolfmeros, mezclas y combinaciones de los mismos.
Cuando el sustrato poroso es fibroso, el sustrato poroso puede formarse utilizando cualquier metodo adecuado para formar estructuras fibrosas que incluyen, pero no se limitan a, tecnicas de tejido, entrelazado y no entrelazado, hilado en mojado, electrohilado, extrusion, coextrusion, etc. Las tecnicas adecuadas para hacer estructuras fibrosas pertenecen al ambito de los expertos en la materia. En ejemplos, la tela tiene una estructura tridimensional, tal como las telas descritas en las patentes de Estados Unidos n.° 7.021.086 y 6.443.964.
En algunos ejemplos, el sustrato poroso esta fabricado de fibras de celulosa oxidizada. Dichos materiales son conocidos e incluyen materiales hemostaticos de celulosa oxidizada disponibles en el mercado con el nombre
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SURGICEL®. Los metodos para preparar materiales hemostaticos de celulosa oxidizada estan dentro del ambito de los expertos en la materia y se describen, por ejemplo, en las patentes de Estados Unidos n.° 3.364.200; 4.626.253; 5.484.913; y 6.500.777.
Cuando el sustrato poroso es una espuma, el sustrato poroso puede formarse utilizando cualquier metodo adecuado para formar una espuma o esponja que incluyen, pero no se limitan a, la liofilizacion o criodesecacion de una composicion. La espuma puede ser reticulada o no reticulada, y puede incluir enlaces covalentes o ionicos. Las tecnicas adecuadas para fabricar espumas estan dentro del ambito de los expertos en la materia.
Como se ha mencionado, el sustrato 116 poroso tiene un primer y un segundo precursor de hidrogel 112, 120 aplicado al mismo. Los terminos "primer precursor de hidrogel" y "segundo precursor de hidrogel" significan cada uno un polfmero, polfmero funcional, macromolecula, pequena molecula, o reticulador que puede participar en una reaccion para formar una red de moleculas reticuladas, por ejemplo, un hidrogel.
En ejemplos, cada uno del primer y segundo precursores de hidrogel 112, 120, solo incluyen una categona de grupos funcionales, por ejemplo, solo grupos nucleofflicos o solo grupos funcionales electrofflicos, en la medida en que se utilicen tanto precursores nucleofflicos como electrofflicos en la reaccion de reticulacion. De esta forma, por ejemplo, si el primer precursor de hidrogel 112 tiene grupos funcionales electrofflicos tales como aminas, el segundo precursor de hidrogel 120 puede tener grupos funcionales electrofflicos tales como N-Hidroxisuccinimida. Por otra parte, si el primer precursor de hidrogel 112 tiene grupos funcionales electrofflicos tales como sulfo-succinimida, el segundo precursor de hidrogel 120 puede tener grupos funcionales electrofflicos tales como aminas o tioles. De este modo, pueden utilizarse polfmeros funcionales tales como protemas, poli(alilamina), estireno de acido sulfonico, o poli(etilenglicol) ("PEG") di- o multifuncional terminado en amina.
El primer y segundo precursores de hidrogel 112, 120 pueden tener nucleos biologicamente inertes y solubles en agua. Cuando el nucleo es una region polimerica que es soluble en agua, los polfmeros adecuados que pueden utilizarse incluyen: polieteres, por ejemplo, oxidos de polialquileno tales como el polietilenglicol("PEG"), oxido de polietileno ("PEO"), oxido de polietileno-co-oxido de polipropileno ("PPO"), bloque de oxido de copolietileno o copolfmeros aleatorios, y alcohol polivinilico ("PVA"); poli(vinilpirrolidona) ("PVP"); poli(aminoacidos); poli (sacaridos), tales como dextrano, chitosan, alginatos, carboximetilcelulosa, celulosa oxidizada, hidroxietilcelulosa, hidroximetilcelulosa, acido hialuronico, y protemas tales como albumina, colageno, casema y gelatina. Los polieteres y, mas en particular poli(oxialquilenos), poli(etilenglicol) o polietilenglicol, son especialmente utiles. Cuando el nucleo es pequeno en naturaleza molecular, puede utilizarse cualquiera de una variedad de funcionalidades hidrofflicas para hacer el primer y segundo precursores de hidrogel 112,120 solubles en agua. Por ejemplo, grupos funcionales como hidroxil, amina, sulfonato y/o carboxilato, que son solubles en agua, pueden utilizarse para hacer el precursor soluble en agua. Como ejemplo adicional, ester de N-hidroxisuccinimida ("NHS") de acido suberico no es soluble en agua pero, anadiendo un grupo sulfonato al anillo succinimida, el ester de NHS de acido suberico puede hacerse soluble en agua, sin afectar a su reactividad hacia grupos aminos.
El primer y segundo precursores de hidrogel 112, 120 pueden aplicarse al sustrato 116 poroso utilizando cualquier metodo adecuado dentro del ambito de los expertos en la materia. Por ejemplo, el primer y segundo precursores de hidrogel 112, 120, pueden incorporarse en el sustrato 116 poroso antes de formar el sustrato 116 poroso. En otro ejemplo no limitativo, el primer o segundo precursores de hidrogel 112, 120 pueden colocarse en los poros del sustrato 116 poroso o sobre una superficie del sustrato 116 poroso despues de la formacion del sustrato. En ejemplos adicionales, el sustrato 116 poroso puede laminarse antes de la aplicacion del primer precursor de hidrogel 112 permitiendo asf que el primer o segundo precursor de hidrogel 112, 120 penetre en aberturas sobre el sustrato que se crearon mediante el proceso de laminado.
En otros ejemplos, el primer o segundo precursores de hidrogel puede ser en forma de un recubrimiento que se aplica al sustrato en cualquier concentracion, dimension y configuracion capaz de formar el parche hemostatico. El recubrimiento puede formar una capa no porosa o una capa porosa. En ejemplos, al menos uno del primer y segundo precursores de hidrogel es un reticulador. En ejemplos, al menos uno del primer y segundo precursores de hidrogel es una macromolecula, y puede denominarse en la presente memoria un "polfmero funcional".
Cada uno del primer y segundo precursores de hidrogel es multifuncional, lo cual significa que incluye dos o mas grupos funcionales electrofflicos o nucleofflicos, de forma que, por ejemplo, un grupo funcional nucleofflico sobre el primer precursor de hidrogel puede reaccionar con un grupo funcional electrofflico sobre el segundo precursor de hidrogel para formar un enlace covalente. Al menos uno del primer o segundo precursores de hidrogel incluye mas de dos grupos funcionales, de manera que, como consecuencia de reacciones electrofflicas-nucleofflicas, los precursores se combinan para formar productos polimericos reticulados.
En ejemplos, puede utilizarse un polfmero nucleofflico multifuncional tal como trilisina como un primer precursor de hidrogel y puede utilizarse un polfmero electrofflico multifuncional tal como un PEG multi-brazo funcionalizado con multiples grupos de NHS como un segundo precursor de hidrogel. El PEG multi-brazo funcionalizado con multiples grupos de nHs puede tener, por ejemplo, cuatro, seis u ocho brazos y tener un peso molecular de aproximadamente 5.000 a aproximadamente 25.000. Otros ejemplos de primer y segundo precursores de hidrogel adecuados se describen en las patentes de Estados Unidos n.° 6.152.943; 6.165.201; 6.179.862; 6.514.534; 6.566.406; 6.605.294;
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6.673.093; 6.703.047; 6.818.018; 7.009.034; y 7.347.850.
Aunque la presente divulgacion puede implicar un parche hemostatico, puede utilizarse cualquier parche quirurgico. El parche hemostatico puede ser de cualquier tamano y dimension. En ejemplos, el parche puede ser capaz de transportarse en un dispositivo de despliegue laparoscopico o capaz de introducirse en cio^a abierta. En ejemplos, el parche hemostatico puede ser de aproximadamente 12,9 cm2 (2 pulgadas cuadradas), aunque se concibe que el parche pueda ser de diversas formas y tamanos. Ademas, aunque el sustrato utilizado para formar el parche se describe como "poroso", el sustrato puede ser poroso o no poroso en diversos ejemplos.
Tras la aplicacion a un sitio de tejido sangrante, el parche hemostatico puede afectar la hemostasia de dicho tejido. Como se utiliza en la presente memoria, el termino "hemostasia" significa la detencion de sangrado. Los inventores piensan, sin limitarse a ninguna teona, que el efecto hemostatico del parche hemostatico se debe tanto a factores intnnsecos como extnnsecos. En ejemplos, el sustrato puede incluir un agente hemostatico que proporciona un efecto hemostatico intnnseco. En otros ejemplos la reticulacion entre los precursores de hidrogel crea una barrera ffsica al flujo sangumeo, proporcionando asf un efecto hemostatico extnnseco.
La hemostasia puede producirse, en el sitio de aplicacion del parche hemostatico, en menos de aproximadamente 2 minutos. Como se ha comentado, tras el contacto con tejido, tal como, por ejemplo, tejido lesionado o sangrante, el parche hemostatico absorbe fluido intersticial y fisiologico (por ejemplo, sangre, fluido linfatico, etc.) y el fluido mezcla el primer y segundo precursores de hidrogel. Con el fin de evitar que el parche hemostatico absorba fluido antes del uso en el lugar que necesita hemostasia, el parche hemostatico se retiene o se cierra en un envase hasta el momento en que se necesite para su aplicacion.
Como se observa en la Figura 10, durante el funcionamiento, el parche hemostatico 110 se orienta con la segunda parte del cuerpo 111, a la que se aplica el segundo precursor de hidrogel 120, que esta mas cerca del tejido 130, y la primera parte, a la que se aplica el primer precursor de hidrogel 112, se coloca mas lejos del tejido 130. En contacto con tejido sangrante 130, el parche hemostatico 110 absorbe fluido fisiologico o sangre 132, el fluido o la sangre 132 disuelve la segunda parte, que tiene el segundo precursor de hidrogel 120. A medida que el fluido o la sangre 132 se introduce y migra a traves del cuerpo 111 del parche hemostatico 110, el fluido o sangre transporta el segundo precursor de hidrogel 120 a lo largo del cuerpo 111 lo suficiente como para alcanzar la primera parte, a la que se aplica el primer precursor de hidrogel 112, iniciando asf la reaccion de reticulacion entre el primer y segundo precursores de hidrogel 112,120. En este punto, como se observa en la Figura 11, el primer y segundo precursores de hidrogel 112, 120, reaccionan despues para formar un material reticulado biocompatible 134 ayudando asf con la hemostasia del tejido 130.
Durante el uso, una persona, tal como un enfermero o cirujano, que este utilizando un parche hemostatico de la presente divulgacion puede desear cortar el parche en un tamano y forma deseados. Para determinados tamanos, esto puede resultar diffcil y requerir gran cantidad de tiempo, y los cortes imperfectos pueden ocasionar un sangrado continuado donde se haya cortado demasiado material, porque no hay contacto suficiente entre la superficie hemostatica y tisular; estenosis vascular donde se elimine demasiado poco material; o un parche danado que deba desecharse.
De esta forma, en realizaciones, el parche hemostatico de la presente divulgacion puede proporcionarse con un elemento de corte, a veces mencionado en la presente memoria, en realizaciones, como una plantilla de corte, que puede permitir cortar el parche hemostatico para formar un patron adecuado, en realizaciones, un patron de estrella, para su aplicacion a una anastomosis vascular. Por ejemplo, como se expone en las Figuras 12 A- C, se proporciona una plantilla que tiene partes superior 200 e inferior 210. Durante el funcionamiento, la plantilla se abre separando ffsicamente la parte superior 200 de la inferior 210. Un parche hemostatico (no mostrado) colocado en la parte inferior 210 y superior 200 se adhiere a la parte inferior 210 por algun medio, incluido un medio ffsico tal como un gancho, cierre a presion, ajuste de interferencia (como un giro), y/o bisagra, u otro medio incluidos imanes, combinaciones de los mismos, etc. Como se observa en la Figura 12A, la parte superior 200 tiene hendiduras 220 estrechas cortadas en la forma del patron de estrella, y la parte superior 200 puede ser estrecha, como se representa en la vista lateral de la parte superior 200 expuesta en la Figura 12B. Las hendiduras 220 son lo suficientemente anchas como para permitir que la cuchilla de un bistun, o algun cuchillo o dispositivo de corte similar, atraviese las aberturas, permitiendo asf que la cuchilla del bistun corte el parche hemostatico. Como se observa en la Figura 12C, la parte superior 210 de la plantilla tiene una zona rebajada 230 que sujeta el parche hemostatico en su lugar y centra el parche hemostatico debajo de la parte superior 200 de la plantilla. Ademas, la parte inferior 210 de la plantilla tiene un patron de estrella correspondiente al de la parte superior 200, con aberturas 240 que son mas anchas que las hendiduras 220 incluidas en la parte superior 200 de la plantilla. Las aberturas 240 en la parte inferior 210 de la plantilla permiten que la cuchilla del bistun penetre a traves de todo el parche hemostatico y la plantilla, al tiempo que siguen proporcionando suficiente apoyo al parche hemostatico. Una vez cortado el patron en el parche hemostatico, la parte superior 200 vuelve a extraerse de la parte inferior 210, y el parche cortado, que ahora tiene un patron de estrella, se extrae de ahr
En otras realizaciones, como se representa en las Figuras 13A y 13B, la parte superior 300 puede conectarse a la parte inferior 310 mediante una bisagra 350. La parte superior 300 tiene hendiduras 320 y la parte inferior 310 tiene aberturas 340. Un parche hemostatico (no mostrado) puede colocarse en una parte rebajada 330 de la parte inferior
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310 para centrar el parche en su interior. Despues de la colocacion del parche hemostatico en la parte rebajada 330 de la parte inferior 310, la parte superior 300 se cierra, sujetando asf el parche hemostatico firmemente en su lugar. Una persona, tal como un enfermero o un cirujano, puede pasar una cuchilla, incluido un bistun o un cuchillo o dispositivo de corte similar, a traves de las hendiduras 320 en la parte superior 300, atravesando la abertura 340 en la parte inferior 310, cortando asf un patron de estrella en el parche hemostatico. La parte superior 300 se abre entonces, y el parche hemostatico cortado, que ahora tiene un patron de estrella, se extrae de la plantilla.
En realizaciones, la plantilla puede tener un asa u otra region similar (no mostrada) para permitir que una persona sujete la plantilla mientras los dedos de la persona se mantienen alejados de la zona de corte.
La plantilla de la presente divulgacion permite que una persona, incluido un enfermero o un cirujano en un quirofano, corte un patron de estrella en un parche hemostatico de la presente divulgacion cuando sea necesario. La plantilla es pequena, economica y facil de utilizar.
Aunque la descripcion anterior se ha orientado a plantillas que tienen un patron de estrella, permitiendo asf la formacion de parches hemostaticos que tienen el mismo patron de estrella, las plantillas para el uso segun la presente divulgacion pueden poseer cualquier otro patron deseable (no mostrado) en las partes superiores 200 y/o 300, con patrones correspondientes en las partes inferiores 210 y/o 310, permitiendo asf que una persona corte un parche hemostatico de la presente divulgacion en el patron deseado. Entre los patrones adecuados se incluyen, por ejemplo, una hendidura longitudinal alargada que divide al menos parcialmente un parche rectangular, o un patron de tipo laparoscopico modificado, que incluye la hendidura alargada descrita anteriormente con una abertura circular donde la hendidura termina dentro del cuerpo del parche.
Las Figuras 14A y 14B representan un parche hemostatico 410 de la presente divulgacion que tiene una hendidura longitudinal 412 alargada que divide al menos parcialmente el parche 410. La hendidura longitudinal puede ser igual que la hendidura longitudinal 12 descrita anteriormente con respecto al parche hemostatico 10. Como se observa en la Figura 14A, en los ejemplos, la hendidura longitudinal 412 puede extenderse desde un borde de parche hemostatico 410 a un punto dentro del cuerpo de parche hemostatico 410. La Figura 14B representa el parche hemostatico 410 con la hendidura longitudinal 412 retrafda o replegada para formar solapas retractiles 432 y 434.
Las Figuras 15A y 15B representan un parche hemostatico 510 de la presente divulgacion que tiene una hendidura longitudinal 512 alargada que divide al menos parcialmente el parche 510. La hendidura longitudinal puede ser igual que la hendidura longitudinal 12 descrita anteriormente con respecto al parche hemostatico 10. Como puede observarse en la Figura 15A, la hendidura longitudinal 512 se extiende desde un borde del parche 510 dentro del cuerpo de parche 510, terminando en una abertura circular 560. De esta forma, puede mencionarse que el parche hemostatico 510, en los ejemplos, tiene una configuracion laparoscopica. La Figura 15B representa el parche hemostatico 510 con la hendidura longitudinal 512 retrafda o replegada para formar solapas retractiles 532 y 534.
Ademas, el parche hemostatico puede incluir aditivos biologicamente aceptables tales como plastificantes, antioxidantes, colorantes, diluyentes, agentes terapeuticos, etc., y combinaciones de los mismos, que pueden recubrirse sobre los filamentos o fibras, o impregnarse dentro de las fibras o filamentos (por ejemplo, durante la composicion o extrusion) utilizados para formar el parche hemostatico de la presente divulgacion.
Los agentes terapeuticos incluyen, pero no se limitan a, farmacos, aminoacidos, peptidos, polipeptidos, protemas, polisacaridos, mutemas, inmunoglobulinas, anticuerpos, citocinas (por ejemplo, linfocinas, monocinas, quimiocinas), factores de coagulacion, factores hematopoyeticos, interleucinas (1 a 18), interferones ((3-IFN, a-IFN y y-IFN), eritropoyetina, nucleasas, factor de necrosis tumoral, factores estimuladores de colonias (por ejemplo, GCSF, GM- CSF, MCSF), insulina, agentes antitumorales y supresores tumorales, protemas en sangre, fibrina, trombina, fibrinogeno, trombina sintetica, fibrina sintetica, fibrinogeno sintetico, gonadotropinas (por ejemplo, FSH, LH, CG, etc.), hormonas y analogos de hormonas (por ejemplo, hormona del crecimiento, factor liberador de hormona luteinizante), vacunas (por ejemplo, tumoral, bacteriana y antfgenos virales); somatostatina; antfgenos; factores de coagulacion; factores de crecimiento (por ejemplo, factor de crecimiento nervioso, factor de crecimiento insulmico); protemas morfogeneticas oseas, TGF-B, inhibidores de protemas, antagonistas de protemas, y agonistas de protemas; acidos nucleicos, tal como moleculas antisentido, DNA, RNA, RNAi; oligonucleotidos; polinucleotidos; celulas, virus y ribozimas.
En ejemplos, el agente terapeutico puede incluir al menos uno de los siguientes farmacos, incluidas combinaciones y formas y alternativas de los farmacos tales como formas salinas alternativas, formas de acidos libres, formas base libres, pro-farmacos e hidratos: analgesicos/antipireticos (por ejemplo, aspirina, acetaminofeno, ibuprofeno, naproxeno sodico, buprenorfina, clorhidrato de propoxifeno, napsilato de propoxifeno, clorhidrato de meperidina, clorhidrato de hidromorfona, morfina, oxicodona, codema, dihidrocodema bitartrato, pentazocina, bitartrato de hidrocodona, levorfanol, diflunisal, trolamina salicilato, clorhidrato de nalbufina, acido mefenamico, butorfanol, salicilato de colina, butalbital, citrato de feniltoloxamina, citrato de difenhidramina, metotrimeprazina, clorhidrato de cinamedrina, y meprobamato); antiasmaticos (por ejemplo, ketotifeno y traxanox); antibioticos (por ejemplo, neomicina, estreptomicina, cloranfenicol, cefalosporina, ampicilina, penicilina, tetraciclina, y ciprofloxacina); antidepresivos (por ejemplo, nefopam, oxipertina, amoxapina, trazodona, amitriptilina, maprotilina, fenelzina, desipramina, nortriptilina, tranilcipromina, fluoxetina, doxepina, imipramina, pamoato de imipramina, isocarboxazida,
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trimipramina, y protriptilina); antidiabeticos (por ejemplo, biguanidas y derivados de sulfonilurea); agentes antifungicos (por ejemplo, griseofulvina, ketoconazol, itraconazol, anfotericina B, nistatina, y candicidina); agentes antihipertensivos (por ejemplo, propanolol, propafenona, oxprenolol, nifedipina, reserpina, trimethafan, fenoxibenzamina, clorhidrato de pargilina, deserpidina, diazoxido, monosulfato de guanetidina, minoxidil, rescinamina, nitroprusiato sodico, rauwolfia serpentina, alseroxilon, y fentolamina); antiinflamatorios (por ejemplo, (no esteroideos) indometacina, ketoprofeno, flurbiprofeno, naproxeno, ibuprofeno, ramifenazone, piroxicam, cortisona (esteroide), dexametasona, fluazacort, celecoxib, rofecoxib, hidrocortisona, prednisolona, y prednisona); antineoplasicos (por ejemplo, ciclofosfamida, actinomicina, bleomicina, dactinomicina, daunorubicina, doxorubicina, epirubicina, mitomicina, metotrexato, fluorouracilo, gemcitabina, carboplatina, carmustina (BCNU), metil-CCNU, cisplatina, etoposido, camptotecina y derivados, fenesterina, paclitaxel y derivados, docetaxel y derivados, vinblastina, vincristina, goserelina, leuprolide, tamoxifeno, interferon alfa, acido retinoico (ATRA), agentes alquilantes mostazas nitrogenadas, y piposulfan); agentes antiansiedad (por ejemplo, lorazepam, buspirona, prazepam, clordiazepoxido, oxazepam, clorazepato dipotasico, diazepam, pamoato de hidroxizina, clorhidrato de hidroxizina, alprazolam, droperidol, halazepam, clormezanona, y dantroleno); agentes inmunosupresores (por ejemplo, ciclosporina, azatioprina, mizoribina, y FK506 (tacrolimus)); agentes antimigranas (por ejemplo, ergotamina, propanolol, isometepteno mucato, y dicloralfenazona); sedantes/hipnoticos (por ejemplo, barbituricos tales como pentobarbital, pentobarbital, y secobarbital; y benzodiazapinas tales como flurazepam clorhidrato, triazolam, y midazolam); agentes antianginas (por ejemplo, bloqueantes de beta adrenergicos; bloqueadores de los canales de calcio tales como nifedipina, y diltiazem; y nitratos tales como nitroglicerina, dinitrato de isosorbida, tetranitrato de pentaeritritol, y tetranitrato de eritritilo); agentes antipsicoticos (por ejemplo, haloperidol, loxapina succinato, loxapina clorhidrato, tioridazina, thioridazina clorhidrato, tiotixeno, flufenazina, flufenazina decanoato, flufenazina enantato, trifluoperazina, clorpromazina, perfenazina, citrato de litio, y proclorperazina); agentes antimamacos (por ejemplo, carbonato de litio); antianitmicos (por ejemplo, tosilato de bretilio, esmolol, verapamilo, amiodarona, encainida, digoxina, digitoxina, mexiletina, fosfato de disopiramida, procainamida, sulfato de quinidina, gluconato de quinidina, poligalacturonato de quinidina, acetato flecainida, tocainida, y lidocaina); agentes antiartnticos (por ejemplo, fenilbutazona, sulindaco, penicilanina, salsalato, piroxicam, azatioprina, indometacina, meclofenamato, tiomalato sodico de oro, ketoprofeno, auranofina, aurotioglucosa, y tolmetina sodica); agentes antigota (por ejemplo, colchicina, y alopurinol); anticoagulantes (por ejemplo, heparina, heparina sodica, y warfarina sodica); agentes tromboltticos (por ejemplo, uroquinasa, estreptoquinasa, y alteplasa); agentes antifibrinoltticos (por ejemplo, acido aminocaproico); agentes hemorreologicos (por ejemplo, pentoxifilina); agentes antiplaquetarios (por ejemplo, aspirina); anticonvulsionantes (por ejemplo, acido valproico, divalproex sodico, fenitoina, fenitoina sodica, clonazepam, primidona, fenobarbital, carbamazepina, amobarbital sodico, metsuximida, metarbital, mefobarbital, mefenitoma, fensuximida, parametadiona, etotoma, fenacemida, secobarbital sodico, clorazepato dipotasico, y trimetadiona); agentes antiparkinson (por ejemplo, etosuximida); antihistaminas/antipruritos (por ejemplo, hidroxicina, difenhidramina, clorfeniramina, bromfeniramina maleato, ciproheptadina clorhidrato, terfenadina, clemastina fumarato, triprolidina, carbinoxamina, difenilpiralina, fenindamina, azatadina, tripelenamina, dexclorfeniramina maleato, y metdilazina); agentes utiles para la regulacion del calcio (por ejemplo, calcitonina, y hormona paratiroides); agentes antibacterianos (por ejemplo, amikacina sulfato, aztreonam, cloranfenicol, cloranfenicol palirtato, ciprofloxacino, clindamicina, clindamicina palmitato, clindamicina fosfato, metronidazol, metronidazol clorhidrato, gentamicina sulfato, lincomicina clorhidrato, tobramicina sulfate, vancomicina clorhidrato, polimixina B sulfato, colistimetato de sodio, y colistina sulfato); agentes antivirales (por ejemplo, interferon alfa, beta o gamma, zidovudina, amantadina clorhidrato, ribavirina, y acyclovir); antimicrobianos (por ejemplo, cefalosporinas tales como cefazolina sodica, cefradina, cefaclor, cefradina sodica, cefotaxima sodica, cefoperazona sodica, cefotetan disodico, azotil cefuroxima, cefotaxima sodica, cefadroxilo monohidrato, cefalexina, cefalothina sodica, cefalexina clorhidrato monohidrato, cefamandol nafato, cefoxitina sodica, cefonicida sodica, ceforanida, ceftriaxona sodica, ceftazidima, cefadroxilo, cefradina, y cefuroxima sodica; penicilinas tales como ampicilina, amoxicilina, penicilina G benzatina, ciclacilina, ampicilina sodica, penicilina G potasica, penicilina V potasica, piperacilina sodica, oxacilina sodica, bacampicilina clorhidrato, cloxacilina bacampicilina clorhidrato, ticarcilina disodica, azlocilina sodica, carbenicilina indanil sodica, penicilina G procaina, meticilina sodica, y nafcilina sodica; eritromicinas tales como eritromicina etilsuccinato, eritromicina, eritromicina estolato, eritromicina lactobionato, eritromicina estearato, y eritromicina etilsuccinato; y tetraciclinas tales como tetraciclina clorhidrato, doxiciclina hiclato, y minociclina clorhidrato, azitromicina, claritromicina); antiinfectantes (por ejemplo, GM-CSF); broncodilatadores (por ejemplo,
simpaticomimeticos tales como epinefrina clorhidrato, sulfato de metaproterenol, sulfato de terbutalina, sulfato de terbutalina, mesilato de isoetarina, clorhidrato de isoetarina, sulfato de albuterol, albuterol, mesilato de bitolterol, clorhidrato de isoproterenol, sulfato de terbutalina, bitartrato de epinefrina, sulfato de metaproterenol, y epinefrina); agentes anticolinergicos tanes cp,p bromuro de ipratropio; xantinas tales como aminofilina, difilina, sulfato de metaproterenol, y aminofilina; estabilizadores de mastocitos tales como cromolm sodico; corticosteroides inhalados tales como beclometasona dipropionato (BDP), y monohidrato de dipropionato de beclometasona; salbutamol; bromuro de ipratropio; budesonida; ketotifeno; salmeterol; xinafoato; terbutalina sulfato; triamcinolona; teofllina; nedocromil sodico; sulfato de metaproterenol; albuterol; flunisolida; fluticasona propionato; compuestos esteroides y hormonas (por ejemplo, androgenos tales como danazol, cipionato de testosterona, fluoximesterona, etiltestosterona, enatato de testosterona, metiltestosterona); estrogenos tales como estradiol, estropipato, y estrogenos conjugados; progestinas tales como acetato de medroxiprogesterona, y acetato de noretindrona; corticosteroides tales como triamcinolona, betametasona, betametasona sodio fosfato, dexametasona, dexametasona sodio fosfato, dexametasona acetato, prednisona, suspension de acetato de metilprednisolona, triamcinolona acetonido, metilprednisolona, prednisolona sodio fosfato, metilprednisolona sodio succinato,
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hidrocortisona sodio succinato, triamcinolona hexacetonida, hidrocortisona, hidrocortisona cipionato, prednisolona, fludrocortisona acetato, parametasona acetato, prednisolona tebutato, prednisolona acetato, prednisolona sodio fosfato, e hidrocortisona sodio succinato; y hormonas tiroideas tales como levotiroxina sodica); agentes hipoglucemicos (por ejemplo, insulina humana, insulina bovina purificada, insulina porcina purificada, gliburida, clorpropamida, glipizida, tolbutamida, y tolazamida); agentes hipolipidemicos (por ejemplo, clofibrato, dextrotiroxina sodica, probucol, pravastitina, atorvastatina, lovastatina, y niacina); protemas (por ejemplo, DNasa, alginasa, superoxido dismutasa, y lipasa); acidos nucleicos (por ejemplo, acidos nucleicos sentido o anti-setido que codifiquen cualquier protema terapeuticamente util, incluida cualquiera de las protemas descritas en la presente memoria); agentes utiles para la estimulacion de la eritropoyesis (por ejemplo, eritropoyetina); agentes antiulcera/antireflujo (por ejemplo, famotidina, cimetidina, y ranitidina clorhidrato); antinauseosos/antiemeticos (por ejemplo, meclizina clorhidrato, nabilona, proclorperazina, dimenhidrinato, promethazina clorhidrato, tietilperazina, y escopolamina); asf como otros farmacos utiles en las composiciones y metodos descritos en la presente memoria que incluyen mitotano, halonitrosoureas, antraciclinas, elipticina, ceftriaxona, ketoconazol, ceftazidima, oxaprozina, albuterol, valaciclovir, urofolitropina, famciclovir, flutamida, enalapril, metformina, itraconazol, buspirona, gabapentina, fosinopril, tramadol, acarbosa, lorazepam, folitropina, glipizida, omeprazol, fluoxetina, lisinopril, tramsdol, levofloxacina, zafirlukast, interferon, hormona del crecimiento, interleucina, eritropoyetina, factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos, nizatidina, bupropion, perindopril, erbumina, adenosina, alendronato, alprostadil, benazepril, betaxolol, sulfato de bleomicina, dexfenfluramina, diltiazem, fentanyl, flecainida, gemcitabina, glatiramer acetato, granisetron, lamivudina, mangafodipir trisodico, mesalamina, metoprolol fumarato, metronidazol, miglitol, moexipril, montelukast, acetato de octreotide, olopatadina, paricalcitol, somatropina, sumatriptan succinato, tacrina, verapamil, nabumetona, trovafloxacina, dolasetron, zidovudina, finasterida, tobramicina, isradipina, tolcapone, enoxaparina, fluconazol, lansoprazol, terbinafina, pamidronato, didanosina, diclofenaco, cisaprida, venlafaxina, troglitazona, fluvastatina, losartan, imiglucerasa, donepezilo, olanzapina, valsatan, fexofenadina, calcitonina y bromuro de ipratropio. En ejemplos, el agente terapeutico puede ser soluble en agua. En algunos ejemplos, el agente terapeutico no puede ser soluble en agua.
En los ejemplos, los agentes terapeuticos anteriores pueden aplicarse a un parche hemostatico de la presente divulgacion en una solucion. Cuando el agente terapeutico es soluble en agua, puede utilizarse agua como disolvente para formar dicha solucion. Otros disolventes que pueden utilizarse incluyen disolventes polares y no- polares que incluyen, pero no se limitan a, alcoholes, tales como, metanol, etanol, propanol; hidrocarburos clorados tales como el cloruro de metileno, el cloroformo, 1, 2- dicloroetano; e hidrocarburos alifaticos tales como hexano, heptano, acetato de etilo, etc. y combinaciones de los mismos.
Se entendera que pueden realizarse diversas modificaciones a lo describedo en la presente memoria. Por lo tanto, la descripcion anterior no debe interpretarse como limitativa, sino simplemente como una ejemplificacion de los ejemplos preferidos. Los expertos en la materia concebiran otras modificaciones dentro del alcance de la presente divulgacion. Se pretende que dichas modificaciones y variaciones entren dentro del alcance de las siguientes reivindicaciones.
Claims (11)
- 5101520253035404550REIVINDICACIONES1. Una plantilla de corte que comprende:una parte superior (200, 300) que tiene al menos una hendidura (220, 320) que forma un patron deseado;una parte inferior (210, 310) que comprende una zona rebajada (230, 330) capaz de sujetar un parche quirurgico en su interior y centrar el parche quirurgico debajo de la parte superior (200, 300) de la plantilla; yun medio para conectar la parte superior (200, 300) a la parte inferior (210, 310), y caracterizado por que la parte inferior posee aberturas (240, 340) correspondientes al patron en la parte superior, proporcionandose las aberturas dentro de la zona rebajada, lo cual permite que el parche quirurgico se corte hasta el final mientras apoya el parche quirurgico.
- 2. La plantilla de corte de la reivindicacion 1, en donde el medio para conectar la parte superior (200, 300) a la parte inferior (210, 310) se selecciona del grupo que consiste en un gancho, cierre a presion, bisagra, ajuste de interferencia, iman, y combinaciones de los mismos.
- 3. La plantilla de corte de la reivindicacion 1 o la reivindicacion 2, en donde la parte superior (300) y la parte inferior (310) se interconectan mediante una bisagra (350).
- 4. La plantilla de corte de cualquier reivindicacion anterior, en donde las aberturas (240, 340) en la parte inferior (210, 310) son mas anchas que la al menos una hendidura (220, 320) en la parte superior.
- 5. La plantilla de corte de cualquier reivindicacion anterior, en donde la al menos una hendidura (220, 320) en la parte superior (200, 300) y las aberturas (240, 340) en la parte inferior (210, 310) son en un patron capaz de formar un parche hemostatico que tiene una forma que comprende una estrella; o en donde la al menos una hendidura (220, 320) en la parte superior (200, 300) y las aberturas (240, 340) en la parte inferior (210, 310) son en un patron capaz de formar un parche hemostatico que tiene una forma que comprende un parche rectangular que tiene una hendidura longitudinal alargada que se extiende desde un borde del parche y que divide al menos parcialmente el parche; o en donde la al menos una hendidura (220, 320) en la parte superior (200, 300) y las aberturas (240, 340) en la parte inferior (210, 310) son en un patron capaz de formar un parche hemostatico que tiene una forma que comprende un parche rectangular que tiene una hendidura longitudinal alargada que se extiende desde un borde del parche y termina en una abertura circular dentro del parche.
- 6. La plantilla de corte de cualquier reivindicacion anterior, que comprende ademas un asa.
- 7. Una plantilla de corte segun cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6 en donde:la parte superior (200, 300) posee hendiduras (220, 320) que forman un patron de estrella;la parte inferior (210, 310) posee aberturas (240, 340) correspondientes al patron de estrella presente en la parte superior.
- 8. Un metodo que comprende:proporcionar una plantilla de corte que comprende una parte superior (200, 300) que tiene al menos una hendidura (220, 320) que forma un patron deseado, una parte inferior (210, 310) que tiene aberturas (240, 340) correspondientes a la al menos una hendidura presente en la parte superior, y un medio para conectar la parte superior (200, 300) a la parte inferior (210, 310), comprendiendo la parte inferior ademas una zona rebajada (230, 330) capaz de sujetar un parche quirurgico en su interior y centrando el parche debajo de la parte superior de la plantilla;introducir y centrar un parche quirurgico en la zona rebajada (230, 330) en la parte inferior;pasar un dispositivo de corte a traves de la al menos una hendidura (220, 320) en la parte superior, el parche quirurgico, y las aberturas (240, 340) en la parte inferior, cortando asf el parche quirurgico en el patron de la al menos una hendidura y aberturas;extraer la parte superior (200, 300) de la plantilla de la parte inferior (210, 310) de la plantilla; y extraer el parche quirurgico que tiene el patron de la zona rebajada (230, 330) de la plantilla de corte.
- 9. El metodo de la reivindicacion 8, en donde el medio para conectar la parte superior (200, 300) a la parte inferior (210, 310) se selecciona a partir del grupo consistente en un gancho, cierre a presion, bisagra, ajuste de interferencia, iman, y combinaciones de los mismos, preferiblemente en donde la parte superior y la parte inferior se interconectan mediante una bisagra (350).
- 10. El metodo de la reivindicacion 8 o la reivindicacion 9, en donde las aberturas (240, 340) en la parte inferior son mas anchas que la al menos una hendidura (220, 320) en la parte superior.
- 11. El metodo de cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 8 a 10, en donde la al menos una hendidura (220, 320) en la parte superior y las aberturas (240, 340) en la parte inferior son en un patron capaz de formar un parche hemostatico que tiene una forma que comprende una estrella; o en donde la al menos una hendidura (220, 320) en la parte superior y las aberturas (240, 340) en la parte inferior son en un patron capaz de formar un parche hemostatico que 5 tiene una forma que comprende un parche rectangular que tiene una hendidura longitudinal alargada que se extiende desde un borde del parche y que divide al menos parcialmente el parche; o en donde la al menos una hendidura (220, 320) en la parte superior y las aberturas (240, 340) en la parte inferior son en un patron capaz de formar un parche hemostatico que tiene una forma que comprende un parche rectangular que tiene una hendidura longitudinal alargada que se extiende desde un borde del parche y termina en una abertura circular dentro del 10 parche.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/013,344 US8302323B2 (en) | 2010-06-21 | 2011-01-25 | Hemostatic patch |
| US201113013344 | 2011-01-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2555131T3 true ES2555131T3 (es) | 2015-12-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES12152221.3T Active ES2555131T3 (es) | 2011-01-25 | 2012-01-24 | Plantilla y método de corte para un parche hemostático |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US8302323B2 (es) |
| EP (2) | EP2982315B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP5967798B2 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN102614048A (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2011254088B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2762193C (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2555131T3 (es) |
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