ES2567955B2 - Procedure for obtaining a marine product based on amphipods - Google Patents
Procedure for obtaining a marine product based on amphipods Download PDFInfo
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- ES2567955B2 ES2567955B2 ES201531543A ES201531543A ES2567955B2 ES 2567955 B2 ES2567955 B2 ES 2567955B2 ES 201531543 A ES201531543 A ES 201531543A ES 201531543 A ES201531543 A ES 201531543A ES 2567955 B2 ES2567955 B2 ES 2567955B2
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- 241000239241 Amphipoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 10
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001014308 Caprella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001404667 Caprella scaura Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000257465 Echinoidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000327562 Elasmopus rapax Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000596491 Ericthonius punctatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000117250 Jassa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000765535 Octopus maya Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000243820 Polychaeta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238374 Sepia officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238371 Sepiidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001316984 Stenothoe Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012261 overproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000041 toxicology testing Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
Abstract
Procedimiento para la obtención de un producto marino a base de anfípodos.#La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento para la obtención de un producto marino a base de anfípodos que comprende una primera etapa de recolección de anfípodos en un colector y una etapa posterior de extracción de los mismos donde la extracción se realiza mediante choque osmótico. La presente invención se refiere también al producto obtenido mediante el procedimiento descrito y al uso de dicho producto para la preparación de un producto y/o complemento alimentario.Method for obtaining a marine product based on amphipods. # The present invention relates to a process for obtaining a marine product based on amphipods comprising a first stage of collecting amphipods in a collector and a subsequent stage of Extraction of the same where the extraction is done by osmotic shock. The present invention also relates to the product obtained by the described process and to the use of said product for the preparation of a product and / or food supplement.
Description
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PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA OBTENCION DE UN PRODUCTO MARINO A BASE DE ANFIPODOSPROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING A MARINE PRODUCT BASED ON ANPHIPODES
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invencion se encuadra en el campo de la acuicultura y en particular se refiere a un procedimiento para la obtencion de un producto marino a base de anffpodos.The present invention falls within the field of aquaculture and in particular refers to a process for obtaining a marine product based on amphipods.
ESTADO DE LA TECNICA ANTERIORSTATE OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE
Existe una variedad de artfculos relacionados con el uso de anffpodos para la alimentacion de especies de acuicultura (Baeza-Rojano et al. (2010). Use of Amphipods as alternative prey to culture cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) hatchlings. Aquaculture, 300(1), 243-246; Baeza- Rojano et al. (2013a). Marine gammarids (Crustacea: Amphipoda): a new live prey to culture Octopus maya hatchlings. Aquaculture Research, 44(10), 1602-1612; Jimenez-Prada et al. (2015). Importancia de los anffpodos en la dieta de especies de interes acufcola del litoral andaluz. Zool. baetica, 26, 3-29; y la patente ES 2438943). La gran mayorfa de ellos se refieren a su uso como presa viva o en forma de harinas para la produccion de piensos. El uso de ellos como presa viva supone un diffcil de manejo del cultivo debido al mantenimiento complicado en los tanques y no mejora en eficacia ni en coste las presas usadas hasta ahora. Asimismo, su uso para la fabricacion de harinas con el objetivo de optimizar la fabricacion del pienso hasta ahora tampoco ha sido exitosa debido a la dificultad de obtener grandes cantidades a bajos costes. Poca atencion ha recibido sin embargo, su uso como dieta de transicion entre la presa viva y la alimentacion con pienso de las fases larvarias y juveniles de las especies de acuicultura (con individuos congelados o secos), asf como en la alimentacion de peces de acuario, mascotas o alimentacion humana.There are a variety of articles related to the use of amphopods for feeding aquaculture species (Baeza-Rojano et al. (2010). Use of Amphipods as alternative prey to culture cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) hatchlings. Aquaculture, 300 (1) , 243-246; Baeza-Rojano et al. (2013a). Marine gammarids (Crustacea: Amphipoda): a new live prey to culture Octopus maya hatchlings. Aquaculture Research, 44 (10), 1602-1612; Jimenez-Prada et al . (2015). Importance of amphpods in the diet of aquatic interest species of the Andalusian coast. Zool. Baetica, 26, 3-29; and the patent ES 2438943). The vast majority of them refer to their use as live prey or in the form of flours for the production of feed. The use of them as a live prey is a difficult crop management due to complicated maintenance in the tanks and does not improve efficiency or cost of the dams used so far. Also, its use for the manufacture of flours with the objective of optimizing the manufacture of the feed so far has not been successful due to the difficulty of obtaining large quantities at low costs. Little attention has been received however, its use as a transitional diet between live prey and feed with feed of larval and juvenile phases of aquaculture species (with frozen or dried individuals), as well as in the feeding of aquarium fish , pets or human food.
Su aplicabilidad en el sector de la acuicultura junto con el uso tradicional de los anffpodos como organismos bioindicadores para test de toxicidad ha hecho que varios estudios (Baeza-Rojano et al. 2013b A preliminary study of the Caprella scaura amphipod culture for potential use in aquaculture. Journal of Sea Research, 83, 146-151 y patentes CN103202245 y CN103202246) se centren en su cultivo en laboratorio. El cultivo en acuarios o tanques en tierra requiere la recoleccion previa de individuos del medio natural y su posterior alimentacion, para lo que son necesarios cultivos complementarios. El cultivo de anffpodos en estos ambientes conlleva por tanto un importante gasto energetico y deIts applicability in the aquaculture sector together with the traditional use of amphpods as bioindicating organisms for toxicity testing has led to several studies (Baeza-Rojano et al. 2013b A preliminary study of the Caprella scaura amphipod culture for potential use in aquaculture Journal of Sea Research, 83, 146-151 and patents CN103202245 and CN103202246) focus on their laboratory culture. Cultivation in aquariums or tanks on land requires the prior collection of individuals from the natural environment and their subsequent feeding, for which complementary crops are necessary. The cultivation of amphipods in these environments therefore entails a significant energy and energy expenditure.
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infraestructuras relacionado con el mantenimiento de los tanques, su oxigenacion, depuracion de agua, etc.infrastructure related to the maintenance of the tanks, their oxygenation, water purification, etc.
El aprovechamiento de las especies del fouling (termino ingles que describe a los organismos marinos que se adhieren a superficies artificiales como cemento, madera, plastico, etc cuando estos son sumergidos en el mar) asociadas a jaulas de acuicultura en mar abierto se considera dentro del concepto de acuicultura multitrofica integrada (en ingles IMTA; integrated MultiTrophic Aouaoulture). Este tipo de acuicultura se basa en la combinacion del cultivo de especies alimentadas con pienso, como los peces, con especies capaces de aprovechar los residuos generados por el cultivo principal que normalmente son introducidas con tal fin. Asf, la mayorfa de los cultivos multitroficos se han centrado en acoplar especies de moluscos, como mejillon u ostra, y algas que aprovechen los excedentes de un cultivo principal de peces. Los principales problemas encontrados hasta ahora vienen relacionados con la adaptacion de estas especies a la zona de cultivo y la rentabilidad de los nuevos cultivos teniendo en cuenta el coste de semilla inicial.The use of fouling species (English term that describes marine organisms that adhere to artificial surfaces such as cement, wood, plastic, etc. when they are submerged in the sea) associated with open sea aquaculture cages is considered within the integrated multitrophic aquaculture concept (IMTA; integrated MultiTrophic Aouaoulture). This type of aquaculture is based on the combination of the cultivation of species fed with feed, such as fish, with species capable of taking advantage of the waste generated by the main crop that is normally introduced for this purpose. Thus, most multitrophic crops have focused on coupling mollusc species, such as mussels or oysters, and algae that take advantage of the surpluses of a main fish crop. The main problems encountered so far are related to the adaptation of these species to the growing area and the profitability of the new crops taking into account the initial seed cost.
Se hace necesario, a la luz de lo anteriormente expuesto, buscar especies que ya esten presentes de forma natural en las instalaciones, de forma que se garantice su adaptacion a las condiciones ambientales y oceanograficas de la zona, se mejore el potencial valor economico y se incremente la sostenibilidad de la actividad, resolviendo algunos de los problemas de los cultivos multitroficos encontrados hasta ahora.It is necessary, in the light of the above, to look for species that are already naturally present in the facilities, so that their adaptation to the environmental and oceanographic conditions of the area is guaranteed, the potential economic value is improved and Increase the sustainability of the activity, solving some of the problems of multitrophic crops found so far.
Existe pues la necesidad de proporcionar un procedimiento para la obtencion producto a base de anffpodos en grandes cantidades, con bajo impacto ambiental y bajo coste que supere los problemas descritos en el estado de la tecnica.There is therefore a need to provide a procedure for obtaining product based on amphipods in large quantities, with low environmental impact and low cost that overcomes the problems described in the state of the art.
EXPLICACION DE LA INVENCIONEXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invencion soluciona los problemas del estado de la tecnica ya que se refiere a un procedimiento que se realiza en mar abierto maximizando la inversion realizada para el cultivo de peces o moluscos al aprovechar los restos organicos derivados de este cultivo, minimiza la necesidad de nuevos permisos de ocupacion del medio marino y genera un producto adicional que puede diversificar el mercado de las empresas de crfa de peces o moluscos. Minimiza ademas el impacto ambiental al aprovechar los restos de materia organica procedente del cultivo principal y no requerir alimentacion adicional, configurando lo que se denomina un cultivo multitrofico integrado (en ingles IMTA). Permite conseguir grandes cantidades de anffpodos eliminando los costes derivados de la instalacion de tanques en tierra y del mantenimiento de estos.The present invention solves the problems of the state of the art since it refers to a procedure that is carried out in the open sea maximizing the investment made for the cultivation of fish or mollusks by taking advantage of the organic remains derived from this crop, minimizing the need for new permits for the occupation of the marine environment and generates an additional product that can diversify the market for fish or shellfish farming companies. It also minimizes the environmental impact by taking advantage of the remains of organic matter from the main crop and not requiring additional food, configuring what is called an integrated multitrophic crop (in English IMTA). It allows to obtain large quantities of amphipods eliminating the costs derived from the installation of tanks on land and the maintenance of these.
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Asf pues, en un primer aspecto, la presente invencion se refiere a un procedimiento para la obtencion de un producto marino a base de anffpodos (de aquf en adelante, procedimiento de la presente invencion) que comprende una primera etapa de recoleccion de anffpodos en un colector marino y una etapa posterior de extraccion de los mismos donde la extraccion de los anffpodos se realiza mediante choque osmotico.Thus, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to a process for obtaining a marine product based on amphippods (hereinafter, process of the present invention) comprising a first stage of collecting amphipods in a marine collector and a later stage of extraction of the same where the extraction of the amphipods is carried out by osmotic shock.
En un aspecto mas en particular de la presente invencion, el colector esta formado por una estructura tubular plastica exterior y una matriz interior, natural o artificial.In a more particular aspect of the present invention, the collector is formed by an outer plastic tubular structure and an inner, natural or artificial matrix.
En un aspecto mas en particular de la presente invencion, el colector se integra en instalaciones de acuicultura en mar abierto.In a more particular aspect of the present invention, the collector is integrated into aquaculture facilities in the open sea.
En un aspecto mas en particular de la presente invencion, la etapa de recoleccion de anffpodos en el colector marino se realiza mediante fijacion de los anffpodos en el colector, mas en particular, la fijacion de los anffpodos se realiza mediante fijacion natural y posterior crecimiento de los mismos.In a more particular aspect of the present invention, the stage of collecting amphipods in the marine collector is carried out by fixing the amphipods in the collector, more particularly, the fixing of the amphipods is performed by natural fixation and subsequent growth of the same.
En un aspecto mas en particular de la presente invencion, la etapa de recoleccion de anffpodos tiene una duracion de al menos 2 semanas, preferentemente entre 4 y 6 semanas.In a more particular aspect of the present invention, the amphiboid collection stage has a duration of at least 2 weeks, preferably between 4 and 6 weeks.
En un aspecto mas en particular de la presente invencion, la etapa de extraccion de anffpodos mediante choque osmotico se realiza mediante inmersion de los colectores en agua dulce. En un aspecto mas en particular de la presente invencion, la etapa de extraccion mediante choque osmotico tiene una duracion de al menos 3 minutos.In a more particular aspect of the present invention, the stage of amphipod extraction by osmotic shock is performed by immersing the collectors in fresh water. In a more particular aspect of the present invention, the stage of extraction by osmotic shock lasts at least 3 minutes.
En un aspecto mas en particular de la presente invencion, despues de la etapa de extraccion de anffpodos, hay una etapa de filtracion de los mismos. En un aspecto mas en particular, la filtracion de los anffpodos se realiza mediante tamiz, preferentemente el tamiz tiene al menos 500 pm de luz de malla. En un aspecto en particular, el producto obtenido se conserva por congelacion a -20°C y/o por liofilizacion.In a more particular aspect of the present invention, after the stage of extraction of amphipods, there is a stage of filtration thereof. In a more particular aspect, the filtration of the amphipods is carried out by sieve, preferably the sieve has at least 500 pm of mesh light. In one particular aspect, the product obtained is preserved by freezing at -20 ° C and / or by lyophilization.
En un segundo aspecto, la presente invencion se refiere a un producto marino a base de anffpodos (producto de la presente invencion) obtenido mediante el procedimiento de la presente invencion.In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a marine product based on amphipods (product of the present invention) obtained by the process of the present invention.
En un tercer aspecto, la presente invencion se refiere al uso del producto marino a base de anffpodos de la presente invencion para la preparacion de un producto alimentario y/o un suplemento alimentario.In a third aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the marine product based on amphipods of the present invention for the preparation of a food product and / or a food supplement.
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En una realizacion en particular, el producto alimentario comprende unicamente el producto marino a base de anffpodos de la presente invencion. En una realizacion en particular, el producto alimentario comprende otros ingredientes.In a particular embodiment, the food product comprises only the amphipod-based marine product of the present invention. In a particular embodiment, the food product comprises other ingredients.
El producto marino a base de anffpodos de la presente invencion puede utilizarse para la fabricacion de harinas, triturados o piensos.The amphipod-based marine product of the present invention can be used for the manufacture of flour, crushed or feed.
El producto obtenido esta compuesto en mas de un 85% por anffpodos. El producto final se considera un alimento potencial no solo de uso en acuariofilia y en acuicultura (pudiendo ser usado directamente en la alimentacion de especies de acuicultura en estado larvario y juvenil y en peces de acuario que precisan de presas vivas o congeladas o en forma de harinas para la alimentacion de adultos de especies cultivadas) sino tambien en la configuracion de piensos para mascotas o incluso como alimento o complemento rico en acidos grasos m3 para alimentacion humana.The product obtained is composed of more than 85% by amphpods. The final product is considered a potential food not only for use in aquarium hobby and aquaculture (it can be used directly in the feeding of aquaculture species in larval and juvenile state and in aquarium fish that require live or frozen prey or in the form of flours for the feeding of adults of cultivated species) but also in the configuration of feed for pets or even as food or complement rich in fatty acids m3 for human feeding.
EXPOSICION DETALLADA DE MODOS DE REALIZACION Metodo de recoleccion:DETAILED EXHIBITION OF MODES OF EMBODIMENT Collection method:
Los colectores de anffpodos se instalan en infraestructuras como las usadas en las jaulas destinadas al cultivo de peces, en concreto en los anillos de flotacion y las boyas (superficie) y en los anillos anticorrientes (profundidad,). Cada colector esta formado por una estructura tubular plastica exterior, haciendo las veces de contenedor, que en el caso del estudio piloto se correspondieron con bolsas de malla de 40 x 60 cm con un diametro de poro de 1mm. Cada colector tiene a su vez una matriz interior que garantice suficiente superficie disponible para el refugio de los anffpodos. En el estudio piloto se usaron dos matrices diferentes: una artificial, compuesta por tela de rafia cortada en tiras y plegadas y otra natural, formada con conchas de mejillon secas. Si bien con los dos tipos de colectores se obtuvieron buenos resultados de recoleccion, los formados por mejillon tuvieron mejor resistencia a las condiciones oceanograficas y ademas ofrecen una salida a la sobreproduccion de mejillon que se desarrolla sobre cabos y boyas en las instalaciones de cultivo de peces. En el estudio piloto se estudiaron dos profundidades de colocacion de los colectores, sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos reflejan que podrfan colocarse a lo largo de toda la columna de agua. El periodo mfnimo de inmersion de los colectores es de dos semanas, pero es recomendable extenderlo hasta las 4-6 semanas para recoger mayor biomasa. Los periodos superiores a este tiempo pueden generar interferencias con otros organismos no objetivo como larvas de mejillon o erizos de mar principalmente.Amp collectors are installed in infrastructures such as those used in cages intended for fish farming, in particular in floating rings and buoys (surface) and in anti-current rings (depth,). Each collector is formed by an outer plastic tubular structure, acting as a container, which in the case of the pilot study corresponded to 40 x 60 cm mesh bags with a pore diameter of 1mm. Each collector in turn has an inner matrix that guarantees sufficient available surface for the refuge of the amphipods. In the pilot study two different matrices were used: an artificial one, composed of raffia cloth cut into strips and folded and a natural one, formed with dried mussel shells. Although with the two types of collectors, good collection results were obtained, those formed by mussels had better resistance to oceanographic conditions and also offer an exit to the overproduction of mussels that develop on ropes and buoys in fish farming facilities . In the pilot study two depths of placement of the collectors were studied, however, the results obtained reflect that they could be placed along the entire water column. The minimum period of immersion of the collectors is two weeks, but it is advisable to extend it until 4-6 weeks to collect more biomass. Periods greater than this time can generate interference with other non-target organisms such as mussel larvae or sea urchins mainly.
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Metodo de extraccion:Extraction Method:
Pasado el tiempo de recoleccion se procede a la extraccion de los anffpodos de los colectores. En primer lugar deben desanclarse los cabos de los anillos anticorriente, para lo que es necesario la ayuda de dos buceadores. Una vez libres, los colectores pueden subirse a mano o con la ayuda de un barco con pluma. El metodo de extraccion consiste en la inmersion de los colectores en agua dulce durante un periodo de tres minutos. El choque osmotico hace que los anffpodos naden y se desprendan del colector, permitiendo la separacion de organismos sesiles de los moviles. Una vez transcurrido este tiempo, el agua donde se encuentran los anffpodos se tamiza a traves de un tamiz de 500 pm de luz de malla, tamano suficiente para retener este tipo de organismos. Es posible acoplar un tamiz de luz de malla superior (por ejemplo, 2 mm) con el fin de retirar otro tipo de organismos como poliquetos o algun organismo sesil que hubiera cafdo y conseguir una muestra mas pura. Este metodo ha permitido recuperar aproximadamente un 80% de los organismos asociados a los colectores. Una vez los anffpodos esten recogidos en el tamiz, la muestra puede ser congelada o conservada en hielo hasta su posterior congelacion a -20°C.After the collection time has elapsed, the collector amphipods are removed. First, the ends of the anti-current rings must be disassembled, for which the help of two divers is necessary. Once free, the collectors can be climbed by hand or with the help of a feather boat. The extraction method consists of immersing the collectors in fresh water for a period of three minutes. The osmotic shock causes the amphipods to swim and detach from the collector, allowing the separation of sessile organisms from the mobile. Once this time has elapsed, the water where the amphipods are found is sifted through a sieve of 500 pm of mesh light, enough size to retain this type of organisms. It is possible to attach an upper mesh light sieve (for example, 2 mm) in order to remove other types of organisms such as polychaetes or some sessile organism that had brown and get a purer sample. This method has allowed recovering approximately 80% of the organisms associated with the collectors. Once the amphpods are collected in the sieve, the sample can be frozen or stored on ice until freezing at -20 ° C.
Cada unidad de produccion genera unos 33 g de producto. Escalado a nivel industrial se puede estimar una produccion en una instalacion de 12 jaulas de alrededor de 216 kg al mes.Each production unit generates about 33 g of product. Climbing at an industrial level, a production can be estimated in an installation of 12 cages of about 216 kg per month.
El productoThe product
El producto obtenido en el estudio piloto esta compuesto en mas de un 85% por anffpodos.The product obtained in the pilot study is composed of more than 85% of amphpods.
Sin embargo, la adecuacion del tiempo de inmersion y el acople de un segundo tamiz podrfan incrementar mas aun este porcentaje, obteniendose una muestra mas pura. A diferencia de los cultivos monoespecfficos en tanques, el producto obtenido esta formado por una mezcla de especies cuya composicion se detalla en la tabla 1.However, the adaptation of the immersion time and the coupling of a second sieve could increase this percentage even more, obtaining a purer sample. Unlike monospecific crops in tanks, the product obtained is formed by a mixture of species whose composition is detailed in Table 1.
Tabla 1. Valor mfnimo, maximo y medio de cada una de las especies encontradas en las muestras de anffpodosTable 1. Minimum, maximum and average value of each of the species found in amphipod samples
- Composicion de especies (%) Species composition (%)
- Mfnimo Minimum
- Maximo Media Maximum average
- Ericthonius punctatus Ericthonius punctatus
- 0 2.9 0.8 0 2.9 0.8
- Elasmopus rapax Elasmopus rapax
- 0 11.9 2.7 0 11.9 2.7
- Oaprella dilatata Oaprella dilatata
- 0.3 11.3 2.1 0.3 11.3 2.1
- Caprella equilibra Caprella balances
- 2.9 19.2 7.1 2.9 19.2 7.1
- Stenothoe spp. Stenothoe spp.
- 12.3 46.3 27.1 12.3 46.3 27.1
- Jassa spp. Jassa spp.
- 34.1 77.9 60.2 34.1 77.9 60.2
Tabla 2. Valor nutricional del productoTable 2. Product nutritional value
- % %
- Protefnas Protefnas
- 35-40 35-40
- Grasas Fat
- 10-11 10-11
- Carbohidratos Carbohydrates
- 10 10
- Humedad Humidity
- 83.5 83.5
- Cenizas Ashes
- 36.9 36.9
- Ca (%) Ca (%)
- 0.4 0.4
- Na (%) Na (%)
- 1.0 1.0
- Mg (%) Mg (%)
- 0.3 0.3
- K (%) K (%)
- 0.1 0.1
- Fe (mg/Kg) Fe (mg / Kg)
- 114.6 114.6
- Zn (mg/Kg) Zn (mg / Kg)
- 11.5 11.5
- Co (mg/Kg) Co (mg / Kg)
- 4.0 4.0
- Mn (mg/Kg) Mn (mg / Kg)
- 2.3 2.3
- Se (mg/Kg) Se (mg / Kg)
- 0.2 0.2
Contenido Metales pesados:Heavy Metals Content:
5 El producto cumple con la legislacion sobre concentracion de metales pesados: Hg (mg/Kg): 0.00 Contenido maximo en crustaceos 0.50 mg/Kg peso fresco5 The product complies with the legislation on heavy metal concentration: Hg (mg / Kg): 0.00 Maximum content in crustaceans 0.50 mg / Kg fresh weight
Cd (mg/Kg): 0.05 Contenido maximo en crustaceos 0.50 mg/Kg peso frescoCd (mg / Kg): 0.05 Maximum content in crustaceans 0.50 mg / Kg fresh weight
Pb (mg/Kg): 0.19 Contenido maximo en crustaceos 0.50 mg/Kg peso frescoPb (mg / Kg): 0.19 Maximum content in crustaceans 0.50 mg / Kg fresh weight
Claims (7)
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| ES201531543A ES2567955B2 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2015-10-28 | Procedure for obtaining a marine product based on amphipods |
| PCT/ES2016/070760 WO2017072386A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2016-10-26 | Method for obtaining an amphipod-based marine product |
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