ES2613239T3 - Método de unión de piezas de material compuesto que tienen una matriz termoestable - Google Patents
Método de unión de piezas de material compuesto que tienen una matriz termoestable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2613239T3 ES2613239T3 ES11701604.8T ES11701604T ES2613239T3 ES 2613239 T3 ES2613239 T3 ES 2613239T3 ES 11701604 T ES11701604 T ES 11701604T ES 2613239 T3 ES2613239 T3 ES 2613239T3
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- Prior art keywords
- composite
- component
- components
- composite component
- cured
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/78—Making other particular articles propeller blades; turbine blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
- B29C66/4326—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms for making hollow articles or hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
- B29C66/73117—Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature
- B29C66/73118—Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature of different glass transition temperature, i.e. the glass transition temperature of one of the parts to be joined being different from the glass transition temperature of the other part
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
- B29C66/73753—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized
- B29C66/73754—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being partially cured
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
- B29C66/73755—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
- B29C66/73756—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being fully cured
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
- B29C66/73941—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
- B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
- B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
- B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
- B29C66/91941—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to Tg, i.e. the glass transition temperature, of the material of one of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/91943—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to Tg, i.e. the glass transition temperature, of the material of one of the parts to be joined higher than said glass transition temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
- B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
- B29C66/91413—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account the parts to be joined having different temperatures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
- B29K2101/10—Thermosetting resins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/24—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped crosslinked or vulcanised
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
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- B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
- B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
- B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
Abstract
Un método de fabricación de una unión de material compuesto a partir de un primer componente de material compuesto curado (13) y un segundo componente de material compuesto curado (14), comprendiendo los componentes de material compuesto curados primero y segundo elementos de fibra embebidos en una matriz de resina termoestable; comprendiendo el método las etapas de: proporcionar un adhesivo (15) sobre al menos uno del primer (13) y/o el segundo (14) componente de material compuesto; formar una región de unión entre el primer (13) y el segundo (14) componente de material compuesto al poner en contacto los componentes de material compuesto primero y segundo entre sí con el adhesivo (15) entre ellos; aplicar una fuerza a la región de unión; y caracterizado por calentar el primer componente de material compuesto (13) en la región de unión a una temperatura por encima de la temperatura de transición vítrea de la matriz de resina termoestable del primer componente de material compuesto.
Description
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DESCRIPCION
Metodo de union de piezas de material compuesto que tienen una matriz termoestable
La presente invencion se refiere a un metodo para unir entre sf dos componentes de material compuesto. En particular, la presente invencion se refiere a la union entre sf de dos componentes de material compuesto de manera que se minimicen o eviten concentraciones de tension en la region de union.
Cuando se ensamblan componentes de material compuesto grandes, tales como los componentes utilizados en la fabricacion de palas de aerogeneradores, a menudo existe el problema de que pueden crearse concentraciones de tension en la region de union. Por ejemplo, en una pala de aerogenerador, la seccion estructural del larguero puede tener hasta 50 m de longitud y una anchura de hasta 2 metros. Tal larguero puede estar formado en una configuracion de caja a partir de cuatro componentes, dos cordones de larguero separados por dos almas cortantes. Los componentes de material compuesto individuales estan prefabricados, es decir, son componentes de material compuesto curados y, por lo tanto, ngidos.
Debido al gran tamano de los componentes de material compuesto implicados, cada componente de material compuesto individual puede resultar diffcil y costoso de moldear con la precision suficiente para el futuro montaje preciso. Por ejemplo, en una planta de fabricacion que tiene una lrnea de produccion, pueden utilizarse muchos moldes para fabricar el mismo componente de material compuesto. Sin embargo, puede haber variaciones entre los diferentes moldes de manera que cuando los componentes de material compuesto deben ensamblarse no son todos identicos. Esto puede dar como resultado un ajuste menos preciso en una union, con variaciones en tres dimensiones espaciales.
Por el estado de la tecnica anterior, se conoce superar los problemas anteriores llenando los huecos entre los componentes de material compuesto que van a unirse usando un adhesivo como relleno. Sin embargo, este proceso da como resultado un uso impredecible de adhesivo que puede dar como resultado que la union tenga una resistencia reducida.
Por el estado de la tecnica anterior, tambien se conoce ensamblar entre sf los componentes de material compuesto y aplicar una fuerza de sujecion de tal manera que los componentes se ven forzados a unirse entre sf. La fuerza de sujecion elimina cualquier hueco que pueda existir entre los dos componentes y, por consiguiente, da como resultado un uso uniforme de adhesivo. Sin embargo, este enfoque crea una precarga en la union ya que cada componente de material compuesto tendera a intentar deformarse a su forma original. Estas precargas dan como resultado tensiones residuales que pueden debilitar estructuralmente la union.
Es un objetivo de la presente invencion crear una union de material compuesto que no cree tensiones residuales y que pueda tener un uso uniforme y predeterminado de adhesivo.
El documento WO2009/153341 describe un larguero y un metodo para fabricar un larguero para una pala de aerogenerador. En particular, describe un metodo para fabricar un larguero modular.
El documento DE102005050925 describe un metodo para formar productos semiacabados termoestables. En particular, se describe como puede calentarse un plastico termoestable y despues conformarse en un molde de conformacion.
De acuerdo con la presente invencion, se proporciona un metodo para fabricar una union de material compuesto a partir de un primer componente de material compuesto curado y un segundo componente de material compuesto curado, comprendiendo los componentes de material compuesto curados primero y segundo elementos de fibra embebidos en una matriz de resina termoestable; comprendiendo el metodo las etapas de:
proporcionar un adhesivo sobre al menos uno de los componentes de material compuesto primero y/o segundo; formar una region de union entre los componentes de material compuesto primero y segundo al poner en contacto los componentes de material compuesto primero y segundo entre sf con el adhesivo entre ellos; aplicar una fuerza a la region de union; y
calentar el primer componente de material compuesto en la region de union a una temperatura por encima de la temperatura de transicion vftrea de la matriz de resina termoestable del primer componente de material compuesto.
La etapa de calentar el primer componente de material compuesto a una temperatura por encima de la temperatura de transicion vftrea de la matriz de resina termoestable del primer componente de material compuesto reduce la rigidez del primer componente de material compuesto. Por consiguiente, cuando los dos componentes de material compuesto se someten juntos a una fuerza, el primer componente de material compuesto puede deformarse ligeramente para tener en cuenta cualquier variacion de ajuste entre dos componentes de material compuesto. Puesto que el calentamiento del primer componente de material compuesto tiene lugar por encima de la temperatura de transicion vftrea, se minimizan o evitan concentraciones de tension.
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Ademas, puesto que los dos componentes de material compuesto ahora se uniran entre sf sin variaciones de ajuste, puede usarse una cantidad predeterminada de adhesivo para la union. Esto es importante para mantener un nivel consistente de calidad y ausencia de variacion entre muchas uniones elaboradas.
Se forma una matriz de resina termoestable a partir de poftmeros formadores de red. Cuando se cura la resina, que puede ser bajo calor y vado, la resina experimenta un aumento de viscosidad y las cadenas polimericas se reticulan y endurecen, de manera que la resina ya no puede fluir. Este cambio no es reversible. Tras curarse la pieza de material compuesto, la resina termoestable tiene una temperatura de transicion vftrea caractenstica. Si el componente de material compuesto se calienta por encima de esta temperatura, el componente se ablandara. El componente no se fundira si se sigue calentando; en su lugar, se deteriorara si las temperaturas aplicadas son demasiado altas. La temperatura de transicion vftrea puede establecerse usando el metodo de termoanalisis dinamico-mecanico (DMTA, por sus siglas en ingles).
En uso, la temperatura aplicada puede ser de hasta 70 grados centigrados por encima de la temperatura de transicion vftrea de la matriz termoestable. Sin embargo, la temperatura aplicada debena ser inferior a la temperatura a la que se produce la degradacion termica del material compuesto.
La etapa de aplicar una fuerza a la region de union engloba cualquier medio mediante el cual puedan juntarse los dos componentes de material compuesto. En un ejemplo particular, puede tratarse de una abrazadera.
El metodo puede comprender ademas la etapa de calentar el segundo componente de material compuesto en la region de union a una temperatura por encima de la temperatura de transicion vftrea de la matriz de resina termoestable del segundo componente de material compuesto. Calentar los dos componentes de material compuesto por encima de la temperatura de transicion vftrea permite que los dos componentes de material compuesto se deformen ligeramente de manera que se minimiza cualquier variacion de ajuste entre los dos componentes.
Puede proporcionarse un larguero para una pala de aerogenerador, comprendiendo el larguero una union de material compuesto elaborada de acuerdo con el metodo descrito anteriormente.
Puede proporcionarse una pala de aerogenerador que comprenda el larguero.
Puede proporcionarse un aerogenerador que presente al menos una pala de aerogenerador como se ha descrito anteriormente. Tal aerogenerador puede ser una turbina de tres palas de eje horizontal del tipo conocido como “diseno danes”.
La invencion se describira ahora solo a modo de ejemplo, con referencia a las siguientes Figuras en las que:
La Figura 1 es una vista en perspectiva de un larguero para una pala de aerogenerador.
La Figura 2 es una vista en seccion transversal de un larguero para una pala de aerogenerador.
La Figura 3 es una vista esquematica de una union de acuerdo con un ejemplo de la presente invencion.
La Figura 1 muestra un larguero 10 para una pala de aerogenerador (no mostrada). Aunque la invencion puede aplicarse a la union de cualesquiera dos piezas de material compuesto curadas, este ejemplo se describe con referencia a un componente de pala de aerogenerador. El larguero l0 es un elemento estructural que se extiende a lo largo de la longitud de una pala de aerogenerador desde un extremo de rafz de la pala hasta un extremo de punta de la pala. En uso, se fija una carcasa aerodinamica al larguero para crear la pala de aerogenerador.
El larguero 10 comprende dos cordones de larguero 11 y dos almas cortantes 12 dispuestas en una forma de caja. Los cordones de larguero 11 estan fijados a las carcasas aerodinamicas (no mostradas) y las almas cortantes 12 mantienen la distancia entre los dos cordones de larguero.
Los cordones de larguero 11 y las almas cortantes 12 se prefabrican en un molde antes de ensamblarse para formar el larguero 10. En este ejemplo, los cordones de larguero 11 estan formados a partir de fibra de carbono embebida en una matriz de resina termoestable y las almas cortantes 12 estan formadas a partir de fibra de vidrio embebida en una matriz de resina termoestable. Los cordones de larguero 11 y las almas cortantes 12 se elaboran en un molde y despues se curan, de manera que son componentes solidos antes de ensamblarse para formar el larguero 10. La elaboracion de los cordones de larguero 11 y las almas cortantes 12 puede realizarse mediante cualquier metodo conocido de fabricacion de materiales compuestos conocido en la tecnica, es decir, usando tecnologfa de preimpregnado o infusion de resinas.
Como se muestra en la Figura 2, las almas cortantes 12 se fijan a los cordones de larguero 11 en una region de union ”J” que se extiende a lo largo de la longitud del larguero. Debido al gran tamano de los cordones de larguero 11 y las almas cortantes 12, que puede ser de hasta 50 m de longitud, puede haber variaciones en los ajustes de los componentes cuando se ensamblan como se ha descrito anteriormente, lo cual puede crear concentraciones de
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tension en la region de union ”J”.
La Figura 3 muestra una vista esquematica de una region de union de acuerdo con la invencion. En este ejemplo, se esta uniendo un primer componente de material compuesto curado 13 a un segundo componente de material compuesto curado 14. Debido a la fabricacion de los elementos compuestos 13, 14, existen variaciones de ajuste entre las dos piezas, como puede verse de forma exagerada en la Figura 3.
El primer y el segundo componente de material compuesto 13, 14 estan dispuestos uno junto al otro en la region de union y se ha colocado una cantidad predeterminada de adhesivo 15 entre ellos. El adhesivo puede ser, por ejemplo, resina epoxi o poliuretano. La union se forma al aplicar calor y presion en la region de union como se indica por las flechas 16 y 17.
Calentar los componentes de material compuesto por encima de la temperatura de transicion vftrea (Tg) de la matriz termoestable permite reducir la rigidez del componente de material compuesto. Esto da como resultado la necesidad de menos fuerza para ajustar entre sf los dos componentes de material compuesto. Cuando el componente de material compuesto se ha calentado por encima de la temperatura de transicion vftrea de la matriz termoestable, se pueden mover las cadenas polimericas de la resina termoestable, lo cual relaja las precargas provocadas por la presion necesaria para forzar la union de los componentes de material compuesto 13, 15. Esto da como resultado una menor probabilidad de una concentracion de tension y permite que se use una cantidad predeterminada de adhesivo.
En esta realizacion, el primer componente de material compuesto 13 es un cordon de larguero curado formado a partir de fibra de carbono embebida en una matriz de resina epoxi que presenta una Tg de 130 grados centfgrados, y el segundo componente de material compuesto 14 es un alma cortante curada formada a partir de fibra de vidrio embebida en una matriz de resina epoxi que presenta una Tg de 60 grados centfgrados.
En un primer ejemplo, el segundo componente de material compuesto curado 14 se calienta por encima de la temperatura de transicion vftrea de la resina termoestable del segundo componente de material compuesto 14. Se aplica calor como se indica en 17 a una temperatura de 70 grados centfgrados. El calor puede aplicarse desde un soplador de aire caliente o una estera de calor. Esta aplicacion de calor reduce la rigidez del segundo componente de material compuesto 14, lo cual da como resultado la necesidad de menos fuerza para ajustar entre sf los dos componentes de material compuesto, tal como se ha descrito anteriormente.
En un segundo ejemplo, los dos componentes de material compuesto 13, 14 se calientan por encima de la temperatura de transicion vftrea de la resina termoestable de cada componente de material compuesto. Se aplica calor como se indica en 16 a una temperatura de 140 grados centfgrados y se aplica calor como se indica en 17 a una temperatura de 70 grados centfgrados. En este ejemplo, se reducira la rigidez de los dos componentes de material compuesto y las abrazaderas, que fuerzan la union de los componentes 13, 14, pueden determinar la forma final de la union.
En un tercer ejemplo, se aplica calor solo como se indica en 16 a una temperatura de 140 grados y el calor se transferira del primer componente de material compuesto 13 al segundo componente de material compuesto 14. Puesto que el calor aplicado es a una temperatura superior a la Tg de las dos resinas termoestables de cada componente de material compuesto, se reducira la rigidez de los dos componentes de material compuesto.
Claims (2)
- REIVINDICACIONES1. Un metodo de fabricacion de una union de material compuesto a partir de un primer componente de material compuesto curado (13) y un segundo componente de material compuesto curado (14), comprendiendo los5 componentes de material compuesto curados primero y segundo elementos de fibra embebidos en una matriz de resina termoestable; comprendiendo el metodo las etapas de:proporcionar un adhesivo (15) sobre al menos uno del primer (13) y/o el segundo (14) componente de material compuesto;10 formar una region de union entre el primer (13) y el segundo (14) componente de material compuesto al poner en contacto los componentes de material compuesto primero y segundo entre sf con el adhesivo (15) entre ellos; aplicar una fuerza a la region de union; y caracterizado porcalentar el primer componente de material compuesto (13) en la region de union a una temperatura por encima de la temperatura de transicion vftrea de la matriz de resina termoestable del primer componente de material 15 compuesto.
- 2. Un metodo de fabricacion de una union de material compuesto de acuerdo con la reivindicacion 1, que comprende ademas la etapa de calentar el segundo componente de material compuesto (14) en la region de union a una temperatura por encima de la temperatura de transicion vftrea de la matriz de resina termoestable del segundo20 componente de material compuesto.
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| PCT/DK2011/050005 WO2011085730A1 (en) | 2010-01-12 | 2011-01-07 | Joining method of composite parts having a thermoset matrix, and wind turbine blade manufactured using this said method |
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| DE102007062529A1 (de) | 2007-12-20 | 2009-06-25 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | 2K-PU-Klebstoff zum Verkleben von Faserformteilen |
| US8777578B2 (en) | 2008-06-20 | 2014-07-15 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Method of manufacturing a spar for a wind turbine from elements having geometrically well-defined joint surface portions |
| DE102008038620A1 (de) | 2008-06-27 | 2009-12-31 | Powerblades Gmbh | Verfahren und Fertigungsform zur Fertigung eines Rotorblattes für eine Windenergieanlage |
| GB201011539D0 (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2010-08-25 | Blade Dynamics Ltd | A wind turbine blade |
-
2011
- 2011-01-07 EP EP11701604.8A patent/EP2523798B1/en active Active
- 2011-01-07 CN CN201180005742.8A patent/CN102712131B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-01-07 WO PCT/DK2011/050005 patent/WO2011085730A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-01-07 DK DK11701604.8T patent/DK2523798T3/en active
- 2011-01-07 ES ES11701604.8T patent/ES2613239T3/es active Active
- 2011-01-07 US US13/520,972 patent/US10179359B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20130189112A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
| DK2523798T3 (en) | 2017-02-13 |
| CN102712131A (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
| US10179359B2 (en) | 2019-01-15 |
| EP2523798B1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
| EP2523798A1 (en) | 2012-11-21 |
| WO2011085730A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
| CN102712131B (zh) | 2014-10-29 |
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