ES2615741T3 - Protection method - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of protecting the phytotoxic effect of diphenoconazole which comprises applying to a plant or propagation material of the same abscisic acid and said diphenoconazole.

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Protection method

The present invention relates to a method of protecting the phytotoxic effect of diphenoconazole on a plant or plant propagation material.

More specifically, said method comprises applying to said plant or propagation material thereof the abscessic acid and said diphenoconazole.

It is known that some plant protective agents, such as fungicides, may have a phytotoxic effect on crop plants. For example, F. Montfort et al., Pesticide Science 46 (4), 1996, 315-322, report that the use of azol fungicides, such as triticonazole, for the treatment of seed and crop plants may have an effect. adverse on plant growth. WO 2008/155416 describes the use of gibberellin to reduce or prevent the phytotoxic effect of azol fungicides or azol fungicides used in combination with anilide fungicides, mainly for the treatment of seeds. The Examples in that document refer to the effects on the germination of the seeds, emergence of the plants and height / delay in the growth of the plant. WO 2007/065843 describes the use of gibberellin as a protector for azol fungicides, specifically in order to reverse the effect of stunted growth and delayed or impeded germination.

A particular type of phytotoxic effect that can limit the usefulness of some fungicides is chlorosis and desiccation of leaves that manifest as a yellowing and / or darkening of the leaves of the plant to which the fungicide is applied, which in some cases It can occur when the fungicide is used at optimal levels to control fungi. Reducing the rate of fungicide application will normally reduce the effect of yellowing and / or darkening of the leaves, but then the fungicide will not be present at an optimal rate to control fungi. There is a need for methods of prevention or at least mitigation of the phytotoxic effect of yellowing and / or darkening of the leaves mediated by some fungicides in order to maximize the potential of their fungicidal efficacy. The present invention seeks to address these needs.

There is a continuing need to find methods of plant protection of phytopathogenic organisms, while limiting the impact of such methods on the environment. With the world's population increasing, there is still a need to generate even more effective methods to maximize the production of agricultural land increasingly valuable and precious to the world.

It has now been surprisingly found that abscessic acid can reduce / prevent the phytotoxic effect of the diphenoconazole fungicide. Abscessic acid, therefore, provides a "protection" effect of diphenoconazole, allowing it to be applied to plants at levels that provide excellent control of phytopathogenic fungi, while not being detrimental to the health or appearance of the plant.

According to the present invention, there is provided a method of protection of the phytotoxic effect of diphenoconazole which comprises applying to a plant or propagation material of the same abscessic acid and said diphenoconazole.

Abscessic acid (ABA) is also known as abscisin II and dormina. It has the formula S- (Z, E)] - 5- (1- hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexen-1-yl) -3-methyl-2,4-pentanedioenoic acid :

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It is known that abscessic acid plays a role in how plants respond to environmental stresses such as fno and seqrna. WO 2007/008580 describes methods of conferring high stress resistance in a plant, in particular by increasing the resistance to seqrna and plant fno, by the application of abscessic acid and one or more specific triazole compounds. WO 2010/015337 describes the use of specific azoles to increase the resistance of plants to abiotic stress factors.

Diphenoconazole (1- [2- [2-Chloro-4- (4-chlorophenoxy) phenyl] -4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl] -1H-1,2,4-triazole) is a fungicide that is effective against various diseases caused by Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Diphenoconazole is described in "The Pesticide Manual" [A Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium; Fourteenth edition; Editor: C. D. S. Tomlin; The British Crop Protection Council] with entry number 253.

The present invention also provides a method as described above in which said abscessic acid and said diphenoconazole are applied simultaneously to said plant or said propagation material.

The present invention still further provides a method as described above in which said abscessic acid and said diphenoconazole are applied by a composition comprising a mixture of said abscessic acid and said diphenoconazole. If required, the application of absdesic acid and diphenoconazole, for example

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as a "combination", it can be in an individual "ready mix" form, such as a ready-to-use formulation comprising the two components in a fixed relationship; or in a combined spray or application mixture composed of separate formulations of the individual active ingredient components, for example a "tank mixture", or in a combined use of the individual components when applied in a common spray plan or program sequentially, that is, one after the other with a reasonably short period, for example, a few hours. When applied in separate sprays or seed applications one after the other, the abscessic acid should preferably be applied first to achieve the effect according to the present invention. The expert will appreciate that it may be possible to apply diphenoconazole first and then shortly thereafter to apply the abscessic acid and still obtain the protective effect of reduced / prevented phytotoxicity, however, it is preferred that the abscessic acid be applied before and / or substantially at the same time as diphenoconazole.

When in use, any composition containing abscessic acid and diphenoconazole may also comprise additional active ingredients, for example insecticide, fungicide, nematicide, synergist, herbicide, plant growth regulator or a compound that promotes "plant health." Examples of active ingredients that can be added to the composition containing abscessic acid and diphenoconazole include all the compounds listed in The Pesticide Manual (British Crop Production Council - ISBN No. 9781901396188) available at
www.bcpc.org.

The composition containing diphenoconazole and abscessic acid according to the invention is of particular use in combination with the following active principles - The numbers between parentheses below refer mainly to the entry in The Pesticide Manual - Thirteenth edition:

azoxystrobin (47), dimoxystrobin (226), fluoxastrobin (382), kresoxim-methyl (485), metominostrobin (551),

Orisastrobin, picoxystrobin (647), pyraclostrobin (690), trifloxystrobin (832), a compound of formula B-1.1

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azaconazole (40), bromuconazole (96), cyproconazole (207), diniconazole (267), diniconazol-M (267), epoxiconazole (298), fenbuconazole (329), fluquinconazole (385), flusilazole (393), flutriafol (397 ), hexaconazole (435), imazalil (449), imibenconazole (457), ipconazol (468), metconazole (525), miclobutanyl (564), oxpoconazole (607), pefurazoate (618), penconazole (619), prochloraz (659 ), propiconazole (675), protioconazole (685), simeconazole (731), tebuconazole (761), tetraconazole (778), triadimephon (814), triadimenol (815), triflumizol (834), triticonazole (842), diclobutrazol (1068 ), etaconazole (1129), furconazole (1198), furconazol-cis (1199) and quinconazole (1378); aldimorf (CAS Reg. No. 91315-15-0), dodemorf (288), fenpropimorf (344), tridemorf (830), fenpropidin (343), spiroxamine (740), piperalin (648), a compound of formula B- 3.1

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cyprodinyl (208), mepanipyrim (508), pyrimethanyl (705), anylazine (878), benalaxyl (56), benalaxyl-M, benodanyl (896), benomyl (62), bentiavalicarb, bentiavalicarb-isopropyl (68), biphenyl 81), bitertanol (84), blasticidine-S (85), mixture of Bordeaux (87), boscalid (88), bupirimate (98), cadmium chloride, captafol (113), captan (114), carbendazim (116) , carbon disulfide (945), carboxine (120), carpropamid (122), cedar leaf oil, Chino-Methionate (126), Chloroneb (139), Chlorothalonyl (142), Chlozolinate (149), Cinnamaldetute, Copper, copper ammonium carbonate, copper hydroxide (169), copper octanoate (170), copper oleate, copper sulfate (87), ciazofamid (185), cycloheximide (1022), cymoxanil (200), diclofluanid (230), diclone (1052), dichloropropene (233), diclocimet (237), diclomezine (239), dichloro (240), dietophencarb (245), diflumetorim (253), dimethyrimol (1082), dimetomorf (263), dinocap (270), dithianon (279), dodine (289), ediphenphs (290), etaboxam (304), et irimol (1133), etridiazol (321), famoxadone (322), fenamidone (325), fenaminosulf (1144), fenamiphos (326), fenarimol (327), fenfuram (333), fenhexamid (334), phenoxyanil (338), fenpiclonil (341), phentine acetate (347), phentine chloride, phentine hydroxide (347), ferbam (350), ferimzone (351), fluazinam (363), fludioxonyl (368), flusulfamide (394), flutolanyl ( 396), folpet (400), formaldehyde (404), phosphoryl aluminum (407), phthalate (643),

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fuberidazol (419), furalaxyl (410), furametpir (411), fliodin (1205), fuazatine (422), hexachlorobenzene (434), himexazole, iminoctadine tris (albesylate) (CAS Reg. No: 99257-43-9) , iodocarb (3-iodo-2-propynylbutyl carbamate), iprobenfos (IBP) (469), iprodione (470), iprovalicarb (471), isoprotiolane (474), kasugamycin (483), mancozeb (496), maneb (497 ), manganous dimethyldithiocarbamate, mefenoxam (metalaxyl-M) (517), mepronyl (510), mercuric chloride (511), mercury, metalaxyl (516), metasulfocarb (528), metiram (546), metrafenone, nabam (566), Neem oil (hydrophobic extract), nuarimol (587), octylinone (590), ofurace (592), oxadixyl (601), oxine-copper (605), oxolmic acid (606), oxycarboxin (608), oxytetracycline (611) , paclobutrazol (612), paraffin oil (628), paraformaldel'ndo, pencicuron (620), pentachloronitrobenzene (716), pentachlorophenol (623), pentiopirad, perfurazoate, phosphoric acid, polyoxin (654), zinc salt of polyoxin D (654), potassium bicarbonate, probenazol (658), procimidone (660), propamocarb (668), propineb (676), proquinazid (682), protiocarb (1361), pyrazophos (693), pyrifenox (703), pyroquilon (710), quinoxifene (715), fifthzeno (PCN (B) (716), siltiofam (729), sodium bicarbonate, sodium diacetate, sodium propionate, streptomycin (744), sulfur (754), TCMTB, tecloftalam, technazene (TCN (B) (767), thiabendazole (790), tifluzamide (796), thiophanate (1435), thiophanate-methyl (802), tiram (804), tolclofos-methyl (808), tolylfluanide (810), triazoxide (821), Trichoderma harzianum (825), triciclazole (828), triforin (838), triphenyl ethane hydroxide (347), validamycin (846), vinclozoline (849), zineb (855), ziram (856), zoxamide (857), 1,1-bis (4- chlorophenyl) -2- ethoxyethanol (name of IUPAC) (910), 2,4-dichlorophenyl benzenesulfonate (name of IUPAC / Chemical Abstracts) (1059), 2-fluoro-N-methyl-N-1-naphthylacetamide ( name of IUPAC) (1295), 4-chlorophenylphenylsulfone (name of IUPAC) (981),

a compound of formula B-5.1

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a compound of formula B-5.2

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a compound of formula B-5.3

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a compound of formula B-5.6

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a compound of formula B-5.7

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3-Difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxylic acid (compound B-5.8), (9-isopropip-1,2,3, (2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl) -amide 3-Difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxylic acid (compound B-5.9), [2- (1, 4-tetrahydro-1,4-methane-naphthalen-5-yl) -amide 1,3-Dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxylic acid (compound B-5.10), (3 ', 4'-dichloro-5-fluoro-1-3-dimethylbutyl) -phenyl] -amide , 1'-biphenyl-2-yl) -amide of 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxylic acid (compound B-5.11, bixafen), N- {2- [3-chloro- 5- (trifluoromethyl) pyridin-2-yl] ethyl} -2- (trifluoromethyl) benzamide (compound B-5.12, fluopiram), N- [2- (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) phenyl] -amide 3- Difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxylic acid (compound B-5.13), N- [2- (1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy) phenyl] -acid acid 3 -difluorometiM-metiMH-pyrazol-4-carboxylic (compound B-5.14), N- [2- (2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethoxy) phenyl] -amide acid 3-difluorometiM-metiMH-pyrazole-4 -carboxylic (compound B-5.15), N- (4'- trifluor 3-Difluoromethi-M-methyl-M-pyrazol-4-carboxylic acid omethyl-biphen-2-yl) -amide (compound B-5.16), N- (2'-trifluoromethyl-biphen-2-yl) -acid acid 3- Difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxylic acid (compound B-5.17) and N- (2'-trifluoromethyl-biphen-2-yl) -amide of acid 3-difluoromethyl-1-metiMH-pyrazole- 4-carboxylic (compound B-5.18), acibenzolar-S-methyl (6), clormequat chloride (137), ethephon (307), mepiquat chloride (509) and trinexapac-ethyl (841), abamectin (1), clothianidine (165), emamectin benzoate (291), imidacloprid (458), teflutrin (769), thiamethoxam (792), glyphosate (419),

a compound of formula V

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(SAW),

(VII),

1- [4- [4 - [(5S) 5- (2,6-difluorophenM) -4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl] -1,3-thiazol-2-yl] piperidin -1-yl] -2- [5-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl] ethanone, 1- [4- [4- [5- (2,6-difluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl] -1,3-thiazol-2-

il] piperidin-1-yl] -2- [5-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl] ethanone, fluxapiroxad, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid sodium salt and phosphorous acid ammonium salt .

Preferred mixtures of the composition containing diphenoconazole and abscessic acid according to the invention (referred to in the following diphenoconazole lists) include:

diphenoconazole and cyproconazole; diphenoconazole and propiconazole; diphenoconazole and chlorothalonil; diphenoconazole and paclobutrazol; diphenoconazole and isopirazam; diphenoconazole and azoxystrobin; diphenoconazole and azoxystrobin and fludioxonyl; diphenoconazole and fludioxonyl; diphenoconazole and cyprodonyl; diphenoconazole and acibenzolar-s-methyl; diphenoconazole and pyraclostrobin; diphenoconazole and ciflufenamid; diphenoconazole and fenpropidin; diphenoconazole and mefenoxam; diphenoconazole and thiamethoxam; diphenoconazole and metrafenone; diphenoconazole and tebuconazole; diphenoconazole and penconazole; diphenoconazole and epoxiconazole; diphenoconazole and protioconazole; diphenoconazole and mefenoxam; diphenoconazole and ipconazole; diphenoconazole and hexaconazole; diphenoconazole and abamectin; diphenoconazole and trinexapac; diphenoconazole and 1-methylcyclopropene; diphenoconazole and triciclazole; diphenoconazole and lambda cihalotrin; diphenoconazole and S-metolachlor; diphenoconazole and mesotrione; diphenoconazole and one of the compounds mentioned in W02010 / 063700; diphenoconazole and one of the fungicide classes of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitors; diphenoconazole and benodanyl, diphenoconazole and flutolanyl; diphenoconazole and mepronil; diphenoconazole and fluopiram; diphenoconazole and fenfuram; diphenoconazole and carboxin oxicarboxin; diphenoconazole and tifluzamide; diphenoconazole and bixafen; diphenoconazole and furametpir; diphenoconazole and isopirazam; diphenoconazole and penfluphene; diphenoconazole and pentiopirad; diphenoconazole and sedaxane; diphenoconazole and fluxapiroxad and diphenoconazole and boscalid.

Even more preferred mixtures of the composition containing diphenoconazole and abscessic acid according to the invention (referred to in the following diphenoconazole lists) include:

diphenoconazole and benzovindiflupir (benzovindiflupir is (9-dichloromethylene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methane-naphthalen-5-yl) -amide of 3-difluorometiM-metiMH-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid and its microbicidal properties are described, for example, in WO 2007/048556); diphenoconazole and chlorothalonil; diphenoconazole and folpet; diphenoconazole and propiconazole; diphenoconazole and protioconazole; diphenoconazole and isopirazam; diphenoconazole and fenpropidin; diphenoconazole and propiconazole and chlorothalonil; diphenoconazole and propiconazole and fenpropidin; diphenoconazole and benzovindiflupir and protioconazole; diphenoconazole and propiconazole and azoxystrobin; diphenoconazole and propiconazole and chlorothalonil; diphenoconazole and ciproconazole and propiconazole; diphenoconazole and propiconazole and folpet; diphenoconazole and benzovindiflupir and chlorothalonil; diphenoconazole and benzovindiflupir and propiconazole; diphenoconazole and benzovindiflupir and isopirazam; diphenoconazole and benzovindiflupir and azoxystrobin; diphenoconazole and benzovindiflupir and fenpropidin; diphenoconazole and benzovindiflupir and folpet; diphenoconazole and benzovindiflupir and cyproconazole; diphenoconazole and benzovindiflupir and boscalid; diphenoconazole and benzovindiflupir and bixafen; diphenoconazole and benzovindiflupir and pentiopirad; and diphenoconazole and benzovindiflupir and fluxapiroxad.

In a still further embodiment of the invention there is provided a composition containing diphenoconazole and abscessic acid according to the invention and the compound of formula (I);

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a compound of formula (VII)

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It is described in WO2009 / 056333 and EP0365484. In the first reference, the compound of formula I is described as a protector to protect rice crops from the herbicide phytotoxic action by covering the seed material with the compound of formula I. This compound can be synthesized by the person skilled in the art using conventional techniques, together with the information mentioned in the previous references.

In a still further embodiment of the invention there is provided a composition containing diphenoconazole and abscessic acid according to the invention and cloquintocet-mexyl. Cloquintocet-mexyl (1-methylhexyl [(5-chloro-8-quinolinyl) oxy] acetate) is known as a herbicide protector and is described in "The Pesticide Manual" A World Compendium; Fourteenth edition; Editor: C. D. S. Tomlin; The British Crop Protection Council] with entry number 166.

Although cloquintocet-mexyl is preferred, it is also possible to use alternative cloquintocet salts and esters to provide diphenoconazole protection according to the present invention. Examples of cloquintocet salts and esters are known to the person skilled in the art and are described in, inter alia, EP94349; US4902340; and US5102445. Cloquintocet and its salts and esters are also provided, therefore, according to the present invention and can be used to replace or supplement cloquintocet-mexyl.

In a still further embodiment of the invention there is provided a composition containing diphenoconazole and abscessic acid according to the invention and the compound of formula (I) and cloquintocet-mexyl.

A combination as described above can be used in any of the methods described herein and the combinations provide a synergistic effect. A synergistic effect exists whenever the action of a combination of active ingredient is greater than the sum of the actions of the individual components.

The expected action E for a given active ingredient combination obeys the so-called COLBY formula

and can be calculated as follows (COLBY, S.R. "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of

herbicide combination ". Weeds, Vol. 15, pages 20-22; 1967):

ppm = milligrams of active ingredient (= p.a.) per liter of spray mixture

X =% of action per active ingredient A) using p ppm of active ingredient

Y =% of action per active ingredient B) using q ppm of active ingredient.

According to COLBY, the expected (additive) action of the active substances A) + B) using p + q ppm of the active substance is

E = X + Y -

XY

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If the actually observed action (O) is greater than the expected action (E), then the combination action is super-additive, that is, there is a synergistic effect. In mathematical terms, the synergy factor SF corresponds to O / E. In agricultural practice an SF of> 1.2 indicates significant improvement with respect to the purely complementary addition of activities (expected activity), while an SF of <0.9 in the practical application routine indicates a loss of activity in comparison With the expected activity.

However, in addition to the current synergistic action with respect to the fungicidal activity, the compositions according to the invention also have additional advantageous surprising properties that can also be described, in a broader sense, as synergistic activity. Examples of such advantageous properties that may be mentioned are: a broadening of the spectrum of fungicidal activity for other phytopathogens, for example for resistant strains; a reduction in the rate of application of active ingredients; synergistic activity against animal pests, such as insects or representatives of the order Acarina; an extension of the spectrum of pesticidal activity for other animal pests, for example for pests of resistant animals; adequate pest control with the help of the compositions according to the invention, even at an application rate at which the individual compounds are totally ineffective; advantageous behavior during formulation and / or after application, for example after grinding, sieving, emulsion, dissolution or dispensing; high stability during storage; improved light stability; more advantageous degradability; improved toxicological and / or ecotoxicological behavior; improved features of useful plants that include: emergency, crop yields, more developed root system, increase in macollamientos, increase in plant height, limbo

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larger, less dead basal leaves, stronger clumps, greener leaf color, less fertilizer need, less seed needs, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain maturity, less bedridden plants, high growth outbreaks, improved plant vigor and early germination; or any other familiar advantage for an expert in the field.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the method described above is provided in which said abscessic acid is applied to said plant or said propagation material before application of said diphenoconazole.

In a still further aspect of the invention there is provided a method as described above wherein said abscessic acid and said diphenoconazole are applied to a site where plant propagation material is sown / placed and / or where the plant is grown. .

The present invention still provides a method as described above in which said phytotoxic effect produces a yellowing and / or darkening of the leaves of the plant.

The present invention still further provides a method as described above in which said diphenoconazole and said abscessic acid are applied in a weight ratio between, in order to increase the preference: diphenoconazole: abscessic acid - 2000: 1 and 1 : 2000, 1000: 1 and 1: 1000, 500: 1 and 1: 500, 100: 1 and 1: 100, 50: 1 and 1:50, 40: 1 and 1:40, 20: 1 and 1:20 , 10: 1 and 1:10, 5: 1 and 1: 5, and 1: 1.

The present invention still further provides a method as described above in which said plant or said plant propagation material is a cereal plant or cereal plant propagation material. In a particular embodiment of the invention, said cereal plant or said cereal plant propagation material is wheat.

In a further aspect of the invention there is provided the use of abscessic acid to protect the phytotoxicity of diphenoconazole.

In another embodiment of the invention the use of abscessic acid is provided in a method of reduction or prevention of the phytotoxic effect of diphenoconazole by applying said abscessic acid to a plant or propagation material thereof, in which diphenoconazole is also applied. to said plant or propagation material thereof.

In a still further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of reducing or preventing the phytotoxic effect of diphenoconazole which comprises applying to a plant or propagation material of the same abscessic acid and said diphenoconazole.

According to the invention, "plants" normally comprise the following plant species: vines; cereals, such as wheat, barley, corn, rice, rye or oats; beet, such as sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as knobs, stone fruits or berries, for example apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries or blackberries; leguminous plants, such as beans, lentils, peas or soybeans; oil plants, such as rapeseed, mustard, poppy, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor oil plants, cocoa beans or peanuts; cucumber plants, such as zucchini, cucumbers or melons; fiber plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; Doric fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or tangerines; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbitaceae or pepper; Lauraceae, such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; mafz; tobacco; nuts; coffee; sugar cane; tea; vines; hops; durions; bananas; natural rubber plants; grass or ornamentals, such as flowers, shrubs, broadleaf trees or evergreens, for example commens. This list does not represent any limitations.

Cereals, particularly wheat, rice, corn and barley, are of particular interest for the invention, particularly wheat. In a further aspect of the present invention, a method or use is provided as described herein in which the plant or plant propagation material is a cereal, preferably wheat or barley.

The terms "plant" and "plants" also include plants that have become resistant to herbicides, insecticides, fungicides or have been modified in some other way such as to enhance yield, seqma tolerance or quality by conventional cultivation methods or by genetic engineering methods. Any genetically modified plant used according to the present invention may have been modified by recombinant nucleic acid techniques well known to the person skilled in the art.

The term "locus" is intended to encompass the site where plants are growing, where plant propagation materials are sown or where plant propagation materials will be placed for growth such as a medium or soil. An example of a locus is the field, on which crop plants are growing.

The term "plant propagation material" is understood to indicate generative parts of the plant, such as seeds, that can be used for the multiplication of the latter, and vegetative material, such as cuttings or tubers, for example, roots, fruits, tubercles, bulbs, rhizomes and parts of plants. Sprouted plants and

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Young plants that will be transplanted after germination or after the emergence of the earth are also included in this definition. These young plants can be protected before transplantation by a total or partial immersion treatment. Preferably, it is understood that "plant propagation material" indicates seeds.

The terms "protecting", "protective" and "protecting" all refer to the reduction and / or prevention of the phytotoxic effect of triazole, more specifically the reduction and / or prevention of the phytotoxic effect of diphenoconazole. The reduction / prevention of the phytotoxic effect can be measured by comparing with a control type propagation plant / material that has been treated with the same amount of diphenoconazole (or other triazole), but which has not been treated with abscessic acid according to the invention. The person skilled in the art knows very well how to conduct appropriately controlled experiments and thus can make a comparison evaluation by cultivating two groups of plants of the same species / variety under the same conditions under which only one of said groups (which is the plant, or propagation material) has been treated with abscessic acid and diphenoconazole (or other triazole), thus allowing said expert to determine the reduction / prevention of the phytotoxic effect on the plant / plant propagation material treated with the abscessic acid when compared with the plant / plant propagation material of the control type not treated with abscessic acid.

In a still further aspect, the present invention also provides the mixture of abscessic acid and diphenoconazole (or other triazole) as described above to provide culture enhancement effects of the resulting plants. In addition to the culture enhancement effects already known for the mixture of abscessic acid and diphenoconazole (or other triazole) as described above, additional culture enhancement effects can be achieved.

The term 'crop improvement' means an improvement in plant vigor, an improvement in plant quality and / or an improvement in tolerance to stressors.

According to the present invention, an "improvement in plant vigor" means that certain traits improve qualitatively or quantitatively when compared to the same trait in a control plant that has been cultivated under the same conditions in the absence of the method of the invention. . Such features include, but are not limited to, early and / or improved germination, enhanced emergency, the ability to use fewer seeds, high root growth, a more developed root system, high root nodulation, high sprout growth, high clustering, stronger clumps, more productive clumps, elevated or improved plant position, less plant bedding, an increase and / or improvement in plant height, an increase in plant weight (fresh or dry) , larger limbs, greener leaf color, high pigment content, high photosynthetic activity, earlier flowering, longer clusters, early grain maturity, high seed size, fruit or pod, high number of pods or pods , high number of seeds per pod or ear, high seed mass, improved seed filling, less dead basal leaves, senescence delay, improved plant vitality, high levels of amino acids in storage tissues and / or less necessary inputs (for example, less fertilizer, water and / or necessary work). A plant with improved vigor may have an increase in any of the aforementioned traits or any combination or two or more of the aforementioned traits.

According to the present invention, an "improvement in plant quality" means that certain traits improve qualitatively or quantitatively when compared to the same trait in a control plant that has been cultivated under the same conditions in the absence of the method of the invention. . Such features include, but are not limited to, improved visual appearance of the plant, reduced ethylene (reduced production and / or inhibition of reception), improved quality of the collected material, for example seeds, fruits, leaves, vegetables (such improved quality it can be manifested as an improved visual aspect of the collected material), improved carbohydrate content (for example, high amounts of sugar and / or starch, improved sugar-acid ratio, reduction of reducing sugars, high sugar development rate), Improved protein content, improved oil content and composition, improved nutritional value, reduction in antinutritive compounds, improved organoleptic properties (e.g. improved taste) and / or improved health benefits for the consumer (e.g., high vitamin levels and antioxidants), improved post-harvest characteristics (e.g., storage stability and / or enhanced storage stability, easier processability, easier extraction of compounds) and / or improved seed quality (for example, for use in the following seasons). A plant with improved quality may have an increase in any of the aforementioned traits or any combination or two or more of the aforementioned traits.

According to the present invention, an "improved tolerance to stress factors" means that certain traits improve qualitatively or quantitatively when compared to the same trait in a control plant that has been cultivated under the same conditions in the absence of the method of the invention. Such traits include, but are not limited to, an increase in tolerance and / or resistance to abiotic stress factors that produce lower than optimal growth conditions such as seqrna (for example, any stress that leads to a lack of content of water in the plants, a lack of potential for water collection or a reduction in the supply of water to the plants), exposure to the end, exposure to heat, osmotic stress, UV stress, flooding, high salinity (for example, in the earth), high exposure to minerals, exposure to ozone, high exposure to light and / or limited availability of nutrients (for example, nitrogen and / or phosphorus nutrients). A plant with improved tolerance to stressors may have an increase in any of the above mentioned traits or

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any combination or two or more of the above mentioned features. In the case of stress by seqma and nutrients, such improved tolerances may be due to, for example, more efficient collection, use or retention of water and nutrients.

Any or all of the above crop improvements can lead to improved yield, for example improving the physiology of the plant, plant growth and development and / or plant architecture. In the context of the present invention, 'yield' includes, but is not limited to, (i) an increase in biomass production, increase in yield, starch content, oil content and / or protein content, which may result from (a) an increase in the amount produced by the plant itself or (b) an improved ability to collect plant matter, (ii) an improvement in the composition of the collected material (for example, improved sugar ratios, Improved oil composition, high nutritional value, reduction of antinutritive compounds, high consumer health benefits) and / or (iii) a high / facilitated ability to harvest the crop, improved crop processability and / or better storage stability / storage stability. High yield of an agricultural plant means that, where quantitative measurement is possible, the yield of a product of the respective plant increases a measurable amount with respect to the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the present invention. According to the present invention, it is preferred that the yield increases at least 0.5%, more preferred at least 1%, even more preferred at least 2%, still more preferred at least 4%, preferably 5% or even more.

Any or all of the previous crop improvements may also lead to an improved use of land, that is, land that was previously unavailable or less than optimal for cultivation may become available. For example, plants that show a high capacity to survive in conditions of seqma, may be able to be grown in areas of precipitation below optimal, for example, perhaps in the margins of a desert or even in the desert itself.

When applied to plants according to the use / method of the invention, diphenoconazole (pa) is usually applied at a rate of 5 to 2000 g of pa / ha, particularly 10 to 1000 g of pa / ha, for example 50, 75, 100 or 200 g of pa / ha, 0.5 to 1000 g / ha, preferably 1 to 750 g / ha, more preferably 2.5 to 500 g / ha, more preferably 5 to 300 g / ha, more preferably 7.5 to 200 g / ha of pa In a preferred embodiment, diphenoconazole according to the invention is applied to crops at a rate of up to about 130 g of pa / ha, preferably up to about 125 g of pa / ha.

In agricultural practice, the rates of application of the compositions according to the use / method of the invention depend on the type of effect desired, and normally range from 20 to 4000 g of total composition per hectare.

When diphenoconazole is used to treat seed, rates of 0.001 to 50 g of diphenoconazole per kg of seed, preferably 0.01 to 10 g per kg of seed, are generally sufficient.

The composition containing abscessic acid and diphenoconazole and any mixture with other compounds as described above can be used as a formulation in any conventional form, for example in the form of a double package, a powder for the treatment of dry seeds (DS) , an emulsion for seed treatment (ES), a fluid concentrate for seed treatment (FS), a solution for seed treatment (LS), a water dispersible powder for seed treatment (WS), a suspension of capsules for the treatment of seeds (CF), a gel for the treatment of seeds (GF), an concentrate in emulsion (EC), a concentrate in suspension (SC), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a suspension of capsules (CS), a water dispersible granule (WG), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an emulsion, water in oil (EO), an emulsion, oil in water (EW), a microemulsion (ME), a dispersion of oil (OD), an oil miscible fluid (OF), a lfq oil miscible fluid (OL), a soluble concentrate (SL), an ultra low volume suspension (SU), an ultra low volume liquid (UL), a technical concentrate (TK), a dispersible concentrate (DC) , a wettable powder (WP) or any technically feasible formulation in combination with agriculturally acceptable adjuvants.

Such mixtures and compositions can be produced in a manner well known to the person skilled in the art, for example by mixing the active ingredients with at least one appropriate inert formulation adjuvant (eg diluents, solvents, fillers) and optionally other formulating components such as surfactants, biocides, antifreeze, adhesives, thickeners and compounds that provide adjuvant effects. Slow release formulations can also be used where long-term efficacy is expected. Particularly, the formulations to be applied in spray forms, such as water dispersible concentrates (eg, EC, SC, DC, OD, SE, EW, EO and the like), wettable powders such as granules, may contain surfactants such as wetting and dispersing agents and other compounds that provide adjuvant effects, for example the condensation product of formaldehyde with naphthalene sulphonate, an alkylarylsulfonate, a lignin sulphonate, an ethoxylated alkyl alkyl and phenol sulfate and an ethoxylated fatty alcohol.

Formulation components well known to the person skilled in the art may include, for example, those formulation components that have no significant biological activity, or have no biological activity.

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They include, for example, diluents, solvents, fillers, surfactants, biocides, antifreeze, adhesives, thickeners and compounds that provide adjuvant effects.

A seed disinfection formulation is applied in a manner known to the person skilled in the art, for example as an aqueous suspension or in a dry powder form that has good adhesion to the seeds. Such seed disinfection formulations are known in the art. Seed disinfection formulations may contain the individual active ingredients or the combination of active ingredients in encapsulated form, for example, as slow-release capsules or microcapsules. A typical tank mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.25 to 80%, especially 1 to 75%, of the desired components, and 99.75 to 20%, especially 99 to 25%, of solid auxiliaries or liquids (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 40%, especially 0.5 to 30%, based on the tank mix formulation. A typical pre-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.5 to 99.9%, especially 1 to 95%, of the desired components, and 99.5 to 0.1%, especially 99 to 5% , of a solid or liquid adjuvant (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50%, especially 0.5 to 40%, based on the formulation of pre -mixture.

In general, formulations include from 0.01 to 90% by weight of active agent, from 0 to 20% of agriculturally acceptable surfactant and from 10 to 99.99% of solid or liquid formulation, inert and adjuvant (s), consisting the active agent in at least absdesic acid and diphenoconazole and optionally other active agents, including those mentioned above and / or microbiocides or preservatives or the like. Concentrated forms of the compositions generally contain between about 2 and 80%, preferably between about 5 and 70% by weight of active agent. The forms of application of the formulation may contain, for example, from 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight of active agent. Although commercial products are preferably formulated as concentrates, the end user will normally use dilute formulations.

The following examples serve to illustrate the invention. The invention is not limited to these examples.

Wheat fountain

Wheat seed (variety "Riband") was planted in pots of 6.5 cm in diameter with normally 6 seeds per pot. The growth medium comprised 66.5% TKS1 peat, 30% sugar beet land and 3.5% sand. The seeds were covered with a thin layer of soil and the pots were watered. Within one day after planting, the pots were treated with 5 ml of a solution of the trinexapac-ethyl growth regulator (Moddus 250 EC ™ from Syngenta) diluted 1 part in 1000 parts of water. The pots were kept in a controlled environment room at a constant temperature of 19 ° C, 60% relative humidity and a duration of 14 hours until the test treatment, at which time the plants were approximately 3 weeks old. Plant density was reduced to normally 4 plants per pot before the application of the test treatments.

Source of abscessic acid

Abscessic acid was used as an aqueous solution suitable for mixing with diphenoconazole formulated as a tank mixture. 1 part of abscessic acid (Sigma Aldrich 862169) was dissolved in 199 parts of drinking water with an equimolar amount of sodium hydroxide to neutralize.

Application Method.

Formulated diphenoconazole ('Score' 250EC ™ from Syngenta) was mixed with water and stirred ultrasonically in order to achieve a homogeneous emulsion. Then solutions for spraying with 9 parts of water were prepared with respect to 1 part of isopropanol by volume. The abscess acid solution was added and the spray mixture was mechanically stirred just before spraying to ensure homogeneity. The test treatments were applied using a trajectory sprayer with a single flat fan nozzle at a height of 60 cm and was calibrated to apply the equivalent of 200 liters per hectare.

Example 1.

This example demonstrates that the addition of absdesic acid to foliar applications of diphenoconazole reduces the phytotoxic damage produced by the fungicide on wheat. Phytotoxicity symptoms on wheat produced by diphenoconazole included chlorosis and / or necrosis. Phytotoxicity was evaluated as the percentage of plant damage at both 7 and 14 days after application and the results are shown in Table 1.

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Table 1.

 Diphenoconazole (grams / liter)

 Abscessic acid (grams / liter) Phytotoxicity 7 DDA (% at 0 d.p.) Phytotoxicity 14 DDA (% at 0 d.p.)

 1.25

 - 45 75

 0.62

 - 18 40

 1.19

 1.04 0 20

 0.59

 1.04 5 5

 1.23

 0.32 30 40

 0.62

 0.32 0 15

 1.24

 0.104 40 80

 0.62

 0.104 13 45

 1.25

 0.032 60 80

 0.62

 0.032 30 75

Example 2

This example demonstrates that the addition of abscessic acid to foliar applications of diphenoconazole has no adverse effect on fungicidal activity. The fungicidal efficacy of diphenoconazole was evaluated in both preventive and curative tests against Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici (brown rust) in the wheat variety "Arina" and Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici) (leaf spot by Septoria tritici) in the wheat variety "Riband".

Preventive test against Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici

Two week old plants were treated with the test spray and then one day later they were inoculated by spraying them with a spore suspension. After an incubation period of one day at 20 ° C and 95% relative humidity, the inoculated test plants were normally maintained at 20/18 ° C (day / night) and 60% relative humidity in a greenhouse. The percentage of leaf area affected by the disease was evaluated 12 days after application and the test was repeated on two dates. The disease control was then calculated with respect to the untreated testing plants and is shown in Table 2.

Healing test against Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici

Two-week-old plants were inoculated by spraying them with a spore suspension and maintaining them during a two-day incubation period at 20 ° C and 95% relative humidity. The plants were subsequently treated with the test spray and kept at normally 20/18 ° C (day / night) and 60% relative humidity in a greenhouse. The percentage of leaf area affected by the disease was evaluated 12 days after application and the test was repeated on two dates. The disease control was then calculated with respect to the untreated testing plants and is shown in Table 2.

Preventive test against Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici)

Two-week-old plants were treated with the test spray and then one day later they were inoculated by spraying them with a spore suspension. After an incubation period of one day at 22/21 ° C (day / night) and 95% relative humidity, the inoculated test plants were maintained at normally 22/21 ° C (day / night) and 70% of relative humidity in a greenhouse. The percentage of leaf area affected by the disease was evaluated 15 days after application and the test was repeated on two dates. The disease control was then calculated with respect to the untreated testing plants and is shown in Table 2.

Healing test against Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici)

Two-week-old plants were inoculated by spraying them with a spore suspension and were given an incubation period of 2 days at normally 22/21 ° C (day / night) and 95% relative humidity. The plants were subsequently sprayed with the test substance and then kept at 22/21 ° C (day / night) and 70% relative humidity in a greenhouse. The percentage of leaf area affected by the disease was evaluated 12 days after application and the test was repeated on two dates. The disease control was then calculated with respect to the untreated testing plants and is shown in Table 2.

Table 2.

 Diphenoconazole (grams / liter)

 Abscessic acid (grams / liter) Pucc. rec. prev. Pucc. rec. cur. Sept. trit prev. Sept. trit cur.

 one

 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

 4.05

 - 80 83

 1.35

 - 100 100 80 80 77 74

 0.45

 - 100 100 70 77 84 69

 0.15

 - 99 98 100 100 67 13 63 43

 0.05

 - 99 85 98 99 13 3 56 34

 0.02

 - 92 0 98 90 27

 0.01

 - 93 58

 0.004

 - 83 13

 3.97

 0.41 77 93

 1.32

 0.41 100 100 63 87 90 91

 0.44

 0.41 100 100 63 73 87 82

 0.15

 0.41 99 75 100 100 50 40 74 65

 0.05

 0.41 91 63 100 100 27 13 64 30

 0.02

 0.41 79 58 98 90 23

 0.01

 0.41 67 46

 0.004

 0.41 42 0

 3.89

 0.81 77 90

 1.30

 0.81 100 100 80 90 89 89

 0.43

 0.81 100 100 63 77 89 79

 0.14

 0.81 100 99 100 100 37 37 66 47

 0.05

 0.81 99 90 100 100 37 13 33 32

 0.02

 0.81 98 79 95 71 0 18

 0.01

 0.81 90 58

 0.004

 0.81 63 0

Claims (8)

1. A method of protecting the phytotoxic effect of diphenoconazole which comprises applying to a plant or propagation material of the same abscessic acid and said diphenoconazole. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said abscessic acid and said diphenoconazole are applied simultaneously to said plant or said propagation material. 3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said abscessic acid and said diphenoconazole are applied by a composition comprising a mixture of said abscessic acid and said diphenoconazole. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein said abscessic acid is applied to said plant or said propagation material before application of said diphenoconazole. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said phytotoxic effect produces a yellowing and / or darkening of the leaves of the plant. 6. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said diphenoconazole and said abscessic acid are applied in a ratio between 50: 1 and 1:50, diphenoconazole: abscessic acid. 7. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said plant or said plant propagation material is a cereal plant or cereal plant propagation material. 8. A method according to claim 7, wherein said cereal is wheat. 9. Use of absdesic acid to protect against phytotoconazole phytotoxicity.