ES2630231T3 - Water treatment system used for industrial processes - Google Patents

Abstract

Apparatus comprising a system for performing an industrial process (2) and a system for the treatment of water at low cost for the removal of suspended solids in the water by filtration of a small fraction of the total volume of water, the apparatus comprising : at least one inlet line (7) to feed water to the container medium (8). at least one container (8) having a volume of at least 15,000 m3 comprising reception means for the deposited particles, which is fixed to the bottom (17) of the container (8) and is made of a non-porous material capable if cleaned, so that the bottom of the container (8) is covered with the non-porous material that allows the mobile suction means (5) to pass through the entire lower surface of the container (8) and aspirate the deposited particles ; at least one coordination means (1) that includes electronic devices, which is configured to receive information (10) regarding the quality of the water and the thickness of material deposited in the bottom of the container (8) to process the information (10 ) and to activate in a timely manner the means of application of chemical products (4) and the mobile suction means (5) to adjust the water parameters within the limits specified by the coordination means (1); at least one chemical application means (4) that is configured to be activated by said at least one coordination means (1); at least one mobile suction means (5) that is configured to move through the bottom (17) of said at least one container (8) and aspirate the water flow containing the filtered particles; at least one propulsion means (6) that is configured to produce a movement to said at least one mobile suction means (5) so that it can move through the bottom (17) of said at least one container (8); at least one filter means (3) that is configured to filter the flow of water containing the deposited particles; at least one collection line (15) coupled between said at least one mobile suction means (5) and said at least one filtration means (3); at least one return line (16) from said at least one filtration means (3) to said at least one container means (8); and at least one water outlet line (18) from said at least one container means (8) to at least one system for performing an industrial process (2), wherein the downstream industrial process (2) comprises reverse osmosis, desalination, algae cultivation, an aquaculture process, a mining process, and combinations thereof, where the coordination means (1) are configured to activate the mobile suction means (5) and, simultaneously, the means ( 3) filtration to filter the flow sucked by the mobile suction means, to filter only a small fraction of the entire volume of water, where the coordination means (1) are configured to make the application means (4) of chemical products apply the chemical products (14) only when necessary, and to operate the filtration means (3) and the mobile suction means (5) only when necessary to maintain the parameters I of the water within its limits.

Description

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In deciding which process to use, energy consumption is an important factor to consider. It is estimated that the energy consumption to produce 1 m3 of water using thermal desalination is between 10 and 15 kWh / m3, while a process that uses reverse osmosis technology uses about 5 kWh / m3. This is because thermal desalination requires evaporation, so more energy is needed for the phase change process, making thermal desalination a less efficient process in terms of energy consumption. Current restrictions require improving the overall efficiency of processes, using technologies that meet the environmental requirements demanded by society, while minimizing the carbon footprint and environmental impact.

In terms of the evolution of the mentioned technologies, since 2005 that the global installed capacity for desalination plants by reverse osmosis has exceeded the installed capacity of thermal plants. The projection is that by 2015 the global desalination capacity will be distributed in 62% in reverse osmosis plants and 38% in thermal desalination plants. In fact, the overall capacity to produce fresh water in desalination plants using reverse osmosis technologies has increased by over 300% in just 6 years.

Reverse osmosis is a process in which the pressure is applied to a water flow that has a high concentration of salts, through a semi-permeable membrane that only allows water molecules to pass through. Due to this, the permeate that leaves the other side of the membrane corresponds to high microbiological water with low salt content. Within the operation of desalination plants that use reverse osmosis technology, there are 2 main stages:

one.

 Water treatment

2.

 Desalination stage

The second stage, which corresponds to the reverse osmosis process itself, has been extensively studied and efficiencies of up to 98% have been achieved (General Electric HERO Systems).

The first stage of the process to produce fresh water using reverse osmosis corresponds to the conditioning of salt water before it reaches the semi-permeable membrane, also called water pretreatment. This pretreatment step presents major problems related to the water quality necessary to achieve an efficient operation of the reverse osmosis membranes. In fact, it is estimated that 51% of the membranes of reverse osmosis fail due to a bad pretreatment, either due to a bad design or bad operation, while 30% fail due to inadequate chemical dosing. Current methods, in addition to being inefficient due to high failure rates, have very high costs, thus driving research to find new methods that solve these problems.

The problems that arise in the membranes depend on the characteristics of the feedwater, which embeds the filters and membranes located before pretreatment and also the reverse osmosis membranes. These problems are reflected in a shorter service life and greater frequency of maintenance and cleaning of the membranes, leading to higher costs in operation and maintenance. Common problems that arise due to poor pretreatment of water are divided into 2 types: membrane damage and membrane blockage.

The damage of the reverse osmosis membranes is mainly caused by the oxidation and hydrolysis of the membrane material due to various compounds in the feedwater. Most reverse osmosis membranes cannot withstand existing concentrations of residual chlorine, which is usually added in the desalination process to prevent biological growth. The membranes are expensive, so all possible precautions must be taken to maintain continuous operation and achieve the best possible performance; therefore, water must often be dechlorinated before it passes through the membranes. Eventually, the pH of the feedwater must also be adjusted for optimal membrane operation. In addition, dissolved oxygen and other oxidizing agents must be removed to prevent damage to membranes. The gases also affect the proper operation of the membranes, so that, for optimal operation, high concentrations should be avoided. Current methods to regulate concentrations of gases and oxidizing agents are very expensive and inefficient.

On the other hand, blocking the reverse osmosis membranes is largely responsible for the large inefficiencies that appear due to various reasons, for example, higher pressures need to be applied to the feedwater to pass through the membrane, The constant maintenance and washing that must be carried out causes the longer downtime, and the high replacement costs of the inputs used in the process. Membrane blockage is caused by three major problems: bio-fouling, encrustation and colloidal fouling.

Bioincrustation is caused by the growth of colonies of bacteria or algae on the surface of the membrane. Because chlorine cannot be used, there is a risk of developing a biomass film, thus preventing the passage of water supply and reducing the efficiency of the system.

Another important problem that causes membrane blockage is the fouling that eventually causes its blockage. Embedding refers to the precipitation of deposits of moderately soluble salts in the membranes. In fact, under certain operating conditions, the solubility limits of some components present in the feed water can be exceeded, allowing precipitation. These components include calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate, silica, barium sulfate, strontium sulfate and calcium fluoride, among others. In reverse osmosis units, the final stage is subjected to the highest concentration of dissolved salts, and this is where the first signs of encrustation begin to appear. The embedding due to precipitation is amplified due to the phenomenon of the concentration gradient on the surface of the membranes.

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The obstruction by particles or colloidal fouling occurs when the water supply contains a large amount of suspended particles and colloidal matter, so it requires a constant washing to clean the membranes. The concentration of particles in water can be measured and expressed in different ways. The most used parameter is turbidity, which must be maintained at low levels for proper operation. The accumulation of particles on the surface of the membrane can adversely affect the flow of supply water and the rejection properties of the reverse osmosis membrane. Colloidal fouling is caused by the accumulation of colloidal particles on the membrane surface and the formation of a cake-shaped layer. The decrease in permeate flow occurs on the one hand by the formation of the cake layer, and on the other hand, by the high concentration of salt on the membrane surface caused by the obstruction of salt ion diffusion, causing an increase in osmotic pressure, which reduces the net force of momentum. The parameter that should be monitored to prevent colloidal fouling is the Sediment Density Index (SDI), and membrane manufacturers suggest SDI values of up to 4. Membrane blockage can also occur due to fouling by natural organic matter. (NOM, Natural Organic Matter). Natural organic matter obstructs the membrane either by: narrowing of the pores associated with the adsorption of natural organic matter on the walls of the pores, colloidal organic matter that acts as a plug at the entrance to the opening of the pores, or forming a continuous layer of gel that covers the surface of the membrane. This layer creates inefficiencies and obstructions of this layer should be avoided at all costs.

Currently, water pretreatment before entering the desalination process generally includes the following steps:

one.

Chlorination to reduce the organic and bacteriological load of raw water

2.

Sand filtration to reduce turbidity

3.

Acidification to reduce pH and reduce limestone processes

Four.

Inhibition of calcium and barium scales using antifouling

5.

Dechlorination to remove residual chlorine

6.

Particle cartridge filters required by membrane manufacturers

7.

Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF) and Nano filtration (NF)

Among the pretreatment steps described above, the costs of the filtration stages, either with sand filters or more sophisticated filtration stages such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration, leads to high costs along with a number of disadvantages. In particular, if the pretreatment is inadequate, the filters are clogged with organic matter, colloids, algae, microorganisms and / or larvae. In addition, the requirement to filter the total volume of water to be processed in the plant to reduce turbidity and remove particles imposes severe restrictions in terms of energy costs, implementation and installation, as well as during operation in terms of maintenance and filter replacement. In addition, today's pretreatment systems are very inefficient and have high costs due to the equipment that must be implemented, and continuous operation and maintenance tasks are expensive and difficult to perform.

In summary, the increasingly scarce freshwater resources have created a global supply problem that has resulted in the design and implementation of various desalination technologies. Desalination by reverse osmosis is a promising technology to address the growing shortage of freshwater resources, and it is projected that this technology will have significant growth in the future. However, a cost-effective and energy efficient means for the pretreatment of feedwater implies a significant problem for reverse osmosis desalination plants. Efficient technology is needed that operates at low costs and is capable of producing water of sufficient quality to be used as raw material in desalination processes.

Aquaculture industry

The aquaculture industry focuses on the cultivation of aquatic species, plants and animals, from which raw materials are obtained for food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Aquatic species grow in freshwater or seawater, where mainly fish, molluscs and crustaceans, macroalgae and microalgae are cultivated. Due to the growth of the industrial, the development of new technologies and the environmental regulations imposed by the international community, there is a need to minimize the environmental impact of the aquaculture industry while at the same time maintaining adequate control of the conditions of operation. To do this, the cultivation of aquatic species has been migrated from its location in natural water sources in situ to facilities built specifically for such purposes.

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Apart from the traditional cultivation of these species as raw material in the food, pharmaceutical and manufacturing industries in general, aquatic species are also used in the energy sector to generate energy from non-conventional renewable sources, in particular in the production of Biofuels such as biodiesel from microalgae.

With respect to biofuels, it should be noted that the global energy matrix is organized around fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal), which provide about 80% of the energy consumed globally. Biomass, hydroelectric power and other "unconventional" energy sources, such as solar energy, are renewable sources of energy. Within this last group, and representing only 2.1% of the matrix, wind power, solar energy and biofuels are included, which in turn includes biogas, biodiesel and ethanol, mainly.

Since fossil and nuclear energy sources are finite, future demand may not be satisfied. Therefore, the energy policies of developing countries are considering the introduction of alternative energy. Additionally, the abuse of conventional energy such as oil and coal, among others, leads to problems such as pollution, increased greenhouse gases and depletion of the ozone layer. Therefore, the production of clean and renewable alternative energy is an economic and environmental necessity. In some countries the use of biofuels mixed with petroleum fuels has forced the massive and efficient production of biodiesel, which can be obtained from vegetable oil, animal fat and algae.

The production of biodiesel from algae does not require extensive use of agricultural land. Therefore, it does not affect food production worldwide, since algae can grow in small spaces and have high growth rates, with biomass doubling times of 24 hours. Consequently, algae are a source of continuous and inexhaustible energy production, and can also absorb carbon dioxide for growth, which can be captured from various sources such as thermoelectric plants.

The main microalgae growth systems correspond to:

●

 Lakes: Since algae require sunlight, carbon dioxide and water, they can grow in lakes and open ponds.

●

Photo-bioreactors: a photo-bioreactor is a controlled and closed system that includes a light source, which when closed requires the addition of carbon dioxide, water and light.

With regard to lakes, the cultivation of algae in open ponds has been extensively studied. This category of ponds are natural bodies of water (lakes, lagoons, ponds, sea) and artificial ponds or containers. The most used systems are large ponds, tanks, circular ponds and shallow "race track" type ponds. One of the main advantages of open ponds is that they are easier to build and operate than most closed systems. However, the main restrictions on open natural ponds are evaporation losses, which requires a large area of land, pollution of predators and other competitors in the pond, and the inefficiency of the agitation mechanisms that result in Low biomass productivity.

To this end, the “race track” type ponds that operate continuously were created. In these ponds, the algae, water and nutrients are circulated in a kind of race track, and are mixed with the help of paddle wheels, to resuspend the algae in the water, so that they are in constant motion and always receive light solar. The ponds are shallow due to the need for algae for light, and because sunlight reaches a limited depth.

Photo bioreactors allow the cultivation of a unique species of microalgae for a long period and are ideal for producing large amounts of algal biomass. Bioreactor photos generally have a diameter less than or equal to 0.1m, because a wider range would prevent the light from reaching deeper areas, since the density of the crop is very high, so as to achieve a high yield . Photo bioreactors require cooling during daylight hours, and they also need to control the temperature at night. For example, the loss of biomass produced at night can be reduced if the temperature is lowered during these hours.

Biodiesel production processes depend on the type of algae that grows, which will be selected based on performance and characteristics of adaptation to environmental conditions. The production of microalgae biomass starts in bioreactors, where CO2 generally comes from a power generation plant. Subsequently, before entering the stationary growth phase, the microalgae are transported from the bioreactors to the larger tanks, where they continue to develop and multiply, until a maximum biomass density is reached. The algae are then harvested by different processes of

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5

fifteen

25

35

Four. Five

separation, to obtain algal biomass, which is finally processed to extract biodiesel products.

For the cultivation of microalgae, virtually sterile purified water is required, since productivity is affected by the contamination of other unwanted species of algae or microorganisms. Water is conditioned according to the specific culture medium, also depending on the needs of the system.

The key factors to control the growth rate of algae are:

●

 Light: necessary for the process of photosynthesis

●

Temperature: ideal temperature range for each type of algae

●

 Medium: the composition of water is an important consideration, for example, salinity

●

 pH: usually algae require a pH between 7 and 9 to obtain an optimal growth rate

●

 Strain: each seaweed has different growth rates

●

 Gases: algae require CO2 to perform photosynthesis

●

 Mixture: avoid sedimentation of algae and ensure homogeneous exposure to light

●

 Photoperiod: cycles of light and dark

Algae are very tolerant to salinity, most species grow better with a salinity that is slightly lower than the salinity found in the natural environments of the algae, which is obtained by diluting seawater with fresh water .

Drinking water industry

The water industry provides drinking water to the residential, commercial and industrial sectors of the economy. To provide drinking water, the industry generally begins operations with the collection of high-quality microbiological water and high clarity from natural sources, which is stored in reservoirs for future use. Water can be stored for long periods of time in the reservoir without being used. The quality of water stored for long periods of time begins to deteriorate as microorganisms and algae proliferate in the water, making it inappropriate for human consumption.

Since water is no longer suitable for consumption, it must be processed in drinking water treatment plants, where it goes through several stages of purification. In the purification plants, chlorine and other chemicals are added to produce high quality water. The reaction of chlorine with the organic compounds present in the water can produce several toxic by-products or disinfection by-products (DBP). For example, in the reaction of chlorine with ammonia, chloramines are produced as unwanted by-products. The subsequent reaction of chlorine or chloramines with organic matter will produce trihalomethanes, which have been indicated as carcinogenic compounds. Also, depending on the disinfection method, new DBPs have been identified, such as iodinated trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, halotrimethanes, haloacetaldehydes and nitrosamines. Moreover, exposure of bathers to chlorine and organic matter has been mentioned as a contributing factor to respiratory problems, including asthma.

Wastewater industries

Wastewater is treated every day to produce clean water for different purposes. There is a need to treat wastewater by producing small amounts of mud and waste, and also using less chemicals and energy.

Mining industry

Mining is a very important industry around the world, and it contributes significantly to the economy of each nation. Mining industries require water for many of their processes, a resource that is limited and that becomes increasingly scarce every day. Some mining industries have developed technologies to use seawater in most of their processes, being able to operate only with this resource.

The mines themselves are generally located at great distances and height from the coastline, therefore, water must travel many kilometers to reach the mines. For the transport of large quantities of water, pumping stations have been built, along with very long pipes, in order to pump water from the sea to the mines.

The pumping stations consist of structures comprising high-power pumps, which send the collected seawater to the next pumping station, and so on. The pumping stations also comprise a container structure to maintain seawater in case of any problem that may occur in the previous pumping stations. These container structures may eventually develop various problems that affect the pumping process, such as bio-embedding of the walls and internal surfaces of the pipes. Bioincrustation causes deterioration of the materials as well as a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the pipes, imposing high operational and maintenance costs. Also, the water inside the container structures begins to deteriorate due to the growth of algae, which negatively interferes with the processes of the station, and leads to various important problems such as bioincrustation.

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Liquid industrial waste treatment

Some industries have liquid industrial waste that may not meet irrigation, infiltration or discharge requirements imposed by local governments. Also, some industries have sedimentation tanks or other container means to allow natural processes that occur in water, such as the emission of gases or other substances that cause bad smell or color characteristics.

As discussed above, current methods and systems for water treatment for industrial uses have high operating costs, require the use of large amounts of chemicals, are prone to scale, produce unwanted by-products such as gases and other substances that cause bad odor or color properties, and require filtration of the full volume of water. Improved methods and systems for water treatment for industrial use that are low cost and more efficient than conventional water filtration treatment systems are then desired.

Prior art

JP2011005463A patent presents a control system for injection of coagulants and flocculants in water purification plants. This system is based on the use of a turbidity sensor that measures the quantity and quality of water before adding coagulants and flocculants. The system uses a classifier that measures floc size after sedimentation and classifies treated water according to these measurements. According to turbidity measurements, the control system calculates the rate of injection of coagulant and flocculant, which are applied in facilities intended for these purposes. The calculations of the dosed compounds are corrected according to a function that determines a correction factor according to the turbidity measured before and after the treatment. After sedimentation of the particles, a filtration step follows which filters the entire volume of treated water.

The disadvantages of the JP2011005463A patent are that it does not control the organic content or microorganisms present in the water, since the system does not use or include the use of disinfectants or oxidizing agents. Also, the JP2011005463A system does not reduce the metal content in the water and relies on the constant measurement of the parameters, thus having a high demand in terms of sensors and other measuring devices. Furthermore, the JP2011005463A patent requires filtering the entire volume of water that is treated, which imposes a high demand for energy and high installation and maintenance costs with respect to the filtration system required for such filtration.

Summary

The apparatus constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention purifies water and removes suspended solids, metals, algae, bacteria and other items from water at very low cost, and without the need to filter the entire volume of water. Only a small fraction of the total volume of water is filtered, up to 200 times less than the flow filtered by conventional filtration water treatment systems. The treated water can be used for industrial purposes such as raw material.

In relation to reverse osmosis desalination, the present invention provides an apparatus for pretreatment and maintenance of feedwater that uses less chemicals and consumes less energy than conventional pretreatment technologies.

In relation to the aquaculture industry, the water produced by the present invention achieves the characteristics required for algae inoculation using filtration media that require filtration of only a fraction of the total volume of water. The present invention provides high quality microbiological water that is used for the inoculation of microalgae and other microorganisms. The use of treated water represents a high cost reduction, since one of the main problems of this industry is the preparation of water for inoculation. In addition, the present invention allows water treatment after the algae have grown and been harvested. Therefore, water can be reused by creating a sustainable method for the aquaculture industry.

The present invention can be used to treat water that comes from wastewater treatment facilities at very low cost, removing odor and obtaining high clarity water with low turbidity levels. The amounts of waste and sludge are considerably reduced compared to conventional wastewater treatments, thus providing a sustainable method that is friendly to the environment.

With respect to the mining industry, the present invention relates to an apparatus for treating water that prevents bio-embedding in the pumping stations, thus reducing operation and maintenance costs.

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The apparatus of the invention provides a low-cost process for treating water for use in industrial processes that, unlike filtration water treatment systems, purifies water and removes suspended solids in water by filtering a small fraction of the volume total water

The apparatus of the invention is described in claim 1.

In the apparatus, the receiving means are generally covered with a material comprising membranes, geomembranes, geotextile membranes, plastic, concrete or coated concrete coatings, or a combination thereof. The coordination means are capable of receiving information, processing that information and activating other processes, such as chemical application means, mobile suction means and filtration means. The means of application of chemical products generally include injectors, sprinklers, manual application, weight dispensers, pipes or a combination thereof. The propulsion means drives the mobile suction means and typically includes a rail system, a cable system, a self-propelled system, a manually propelled system, a robotic system, a distance-guided system, a boat with an engine, a floating device with an engine, or a combination thereof. The filtration means include a cartridge filter, a sand filter, a microfilter, an ultrafilter, a nanofilter or a combination thereof and are generally connected to the mobile suction means by a collection line comprising a flexible hose, a rigid hose, a pipe or a combination thereof.

Brief description of the figures

Figure 1 is a flow chart of a process illustrating the water treatment of an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 2 shows a top view of the water-containing structure, such as a lagoon, in an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed description of the invention

Definitions

In the light of the present disclosure, the following terms or expressions should be understood with the meanings described below.

The terms "container" or "container means" are generically used herein to describe any large body of artificial water, including artificial lagoons, artificial lakes, artificial ponds, swimming pools and the like.

The term "coordination means" is used generically here to describe an automated system that is capable of receiving information, processing it and making a decision accordingly. It is a computer connected to sensors.

The term "chemical application means" is used generically here to describe a system that applies chemicals to water.

The term "mobile suction means" is generically used herein to describe a suction device that is capable of traveling along the bottom of the surface of the container means and sucking the sedimented material.

The term "propulsion means" is generically used herein to describe a propulsion device that provides movement, either by pushing or pulling another device.

The term "filtration media" is used generically herein to describe a filtration system, which includes terminology such as filter, strainer, separator and the like.

As used herein, the general types of water and their respective concentrations of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (in mg / L) are fresh water, with TDS≤1,500; salt water, with 1,500≤TDS≤10,000; and seawater, with TDS>

10,000

As used herein, the term "high microbiological water quality" comprises a preferred count of aerobic bacteria of less than 200 CFU / ml, more preferably less than 100 CFU / ml, and more preferably less than 50 CFU / ml.

As used herein, the term "high clarity" comprises a preferred turbidity level of less than 10 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), more preferably less than 7 NTU, and most preferably less than 5 NTU.

As used herein, the term "low levels of fouling" comprises a preferred SDI index of less than 6, more preferably less than 5, and most preferably less than 4.

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As used herein, the term "small fraction" corresponding to the volume of filtered water comprises a flow of up to 200 times less than the filtered flow in traditionally configured filtration water treatment systems.

As used herein, the term "traditional filtration water treatment systems" or "conventional filtration water treatment systems" comprises a filtration system that filters the entire volume of water to be treated, from 1 to 6 times by day.

Embodiments of the invention

The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating water at low cost. The method of the invention purifies water and removes suspended solids from water without the need to filter the entire volume of water. The present invention filters only a small fraction of the total volume of water, corresponding to a flow up to 200 times less than for traditional filtration water treatment methods. The treated water produced by the apparatus of the invention is used for industrial purposes, such as raw material for industrial purposes.

The water treated by an apparatus of the invention may be fresh water, brackish water, or seawater. The apparatus includes coordination means that allow the timely activation of the processes required to adjust the controlled parameters within the limits specified by the operator. The present invention uses much less chemicals than traditional water treatment systems, since it applies the chemicals according to the needs of the system using an algorithm that depends on the temperature of the water, thus avoiding having to maintain permanent concentrations of chemicals in the water. water, resulting in high operational costs.

An apparatus of the invention includes at least one container means, at least one coordination means, at least one chemical application means, at least one mobile suction means, and at least one filtration means. Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system that is part of the invention. The system includes container means (8). The size of the container means is at least 15,000 m3, or alternatively, at least 50,000 m3. It is contemplated that the container or container means may have a volume of 1 million m3, 50 million m3, 500 million m3, or more.

The container means (8) have a bottom capable of receiving bacteria, algae, suspended solids, metals, and other particles that settle from the water. In one embodiment, the container means (8) includes a receiving means (17) for receiving the sedimented particles or materials from the water being treated. A receiving means (17) is fixed to the bottom of the container means (8) and is preferably constructed of a non-porous material capable of being cleaned. The bottom of the container means (8) is generally covered by a non-porous material that allows the mobile suction means (5) to travel along the entire lower surface of the container means

(8) and suction the sedimented particles produced by any of the processes disclosed herein. Non-porous materials can be membranes, geomembranes, geotextile membranes, plastic coatings, concrete, coated concrete, or combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bottom of the container means (8) is covered with plastic coatings.

The container means (8) may include an inlet line (7) for feeding water to the container means (8). The inlet line (7) allows the filling of the container means (8) due to evaporation, due to the consumption of water in industrial processes and other water losses.

The apparatus includes at least one coordination means (1) that can control the necessary processes depending on the needs of the system (for example, water quality or purity). Such processes may include activation

(13) of a chemical application means (4) and activation (11) of a mobile suction means (5). The coordination means (1) can vary the flow of treated water to the industrial process (2) based on the information (12) such as output or production rate. The control means can also receive information (9) about the input line (7), as well as receive information (10) about the water quality and thickness of the sedimented material at the bottom of the container medium (8).

The coordination means (1) allow the addition of chemicals to the container means (8) only when it is really needed, avoiding the need to maintain a permanent concentration in the water by applying an algorithm that depends on the water temperature. Therefore, there can be a considerable reduction in the amount of chemicals used, up to 100 times, compared to conventional water treatment protocols, which reduces operating costs. The coordination means (1) receive information (10) regarding the water quality parameters that are controlled, and can promptly activate the processes necessary to adjust said quality parameters within their respective limits. The information (10) received by the coordination means (1) can be obtained by visual inspection, empirical methods, experience-based algorithms, by electronic detectors, or combinations thereof.

The coordination means (1) comprise electronic devices, any means capable of receiving information, processing that information and activating other processes, and this includes combinations of them. The control means is a computing device, such as a personal computer. The coordination means (1) may also include sensors used to receive the information (10) regarding the water quality parameters.

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The chemical application means (4) are activated by the coordination means (1) and apply or dispense chemicals (14) to the water. Chemical application means (4) may include, but are not limited to, injectors, sprinklers, manual application, weight dispensers, pipes, and combinations thereof.

The mobile suction means (5) move along the bottom of the container means (8), sucking water containing sedimented particles and materials produced by any of the processes disclosed herein. A propulsion means (6) is coupled to the mobile suction means (5) allowing the mobile suction means (5) to travel along the bottom of the container means (8). The propulsion means (6) propel the mobile suction means (5) using a system selected from a rail system, a cable system, a self-propelled system, a manually propelled system, a robotic system, a system guided by distance, a boat with an engine or a floating device with an engine, or combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the propulsion means is a boat with an engine.

Water sucked by the mobile suction means (5) is sent to the filtration means (3).

The filtration means (3) receive the flow of water sucked by the mobile suction means (5) and filter the sucked water containing sedimented particles and materials, thus eliminating the need to filter the entire volume of water (for example, filtering only a small fraction). The filtration means (3) include, but are not limited to, cartridge filters, sand filters, micro-filters, nano-filters, ultra-filters, and combinations thereof. The sucked water can be sent to the filtration means (3) by a collection line (15) connected to the mobile suction means (5). The collection line (15) can be selected from flexible hoses, rigid hoses, pipes of any material, and combinations thereof. The system may include a return line (16) from the filtration means (3) back to the container medium (8) to return the filtered water.

The system includes a water outlet line (18) that provides treated water from the container means (8) to the industrial process (2). Industrial processes include, reverse osmosis, desalination, algal cultivation, an aquaculture process, a mining process, and combinations thereof.

The default parameter limits depend on the requirements of the industrial process (2). The industrial process (2) can at the same time modify the limits (12) in order to adjust them to its processes.

Figure 2 shows a top view of a part of the apparatus of the invention. The container means (8) can include a pipe feeding system (7) that allows filling the container means (8) due to evaporation, water consumption in an industrial process, and other water losses from the container means (8 ). The container means (8) can also include injectors (19) arranged along the perimeter of the container means (8) for applying or dispensing chemicals to the water. The container means (8) can also include skimmers (20) for removing oils and surface particles.

The apparatus of the invention is described in claim 1.

This same part of the apparatus allows the removal of other compounds that are susceptible to sedimentation by the addition of a chemical agent, since the mobile suction device (5) will suction all the sedimented particles from the bottom of the container means (8).

A method carried out using the apparatus of the invention for treating water can be performed at low costs compared to traditional water treatment systems, since the present invention uses less chemicals and consumes less energy than traditional water treatment systems. In one aspect, the present method uses significantly less chemicals compared to traditional water treatment systems since it applies an algorithm that maintains an ORP of at least 500 mV for a certain period of time depending on the water temperature, which maintains water with a high microbiological quality according to the needs of the process in which the water will be used. The present method is carried out in a system as described herein that includes a means of coordination (1). The coordination means determine when to apply the chemicals to the water in order to adjust the controlled parameters within their limits, based on the information received from the system. Since coordination means are used, chemicals are applied only when necessary, avoiding the need to maintain a permanent concentration of chemicals in the water. Therefore, there is a considerable reduction in the amount of chemicals, up to 100 times less than in traditional water treatment systems, which reduces operating and maintenance costs.

The apparatus of the invention filters only a small fraction of the total volume of water within a particular period compared to conventional filtration water treatment systems that filter a much larger volume of water in the same period of time. In one embodiment, the small fraction of the total water volume is up to 200 times less than the flow processed in traditionally configured centralized filtration systems, which filter the entire volume of water within the same period of time. The filtration means in the apparatus of the invention operate for short periods of time due to the orders received from the coordination means, thus the filtration means have a very small capacity, and up to 50 times lower capital costs and energy consumption compared to the centralized filtration units required in water processing with traditional methods.

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The apparatus of the invention allows water treatment at low cost. The apparatus removes metals, bacteria, algae, and the like from the water and provides treated water with low levels of fouling, measured as the Sediment Density Index (SDI). Therefore, the apparatus provides high quality microbiological water and clarity that is used for industrial purposes. The apparatus of the invention treats water that will be used as raw materials in industrial processes.

A method carried out using the apparatus of the invention may include includes the following steps:

to.

 Collect water (7) with a total dissolved solids concentration (TDS) of up to 60,000 ppm;

b.

 Store said water in at least one container means (8), where said container means has a bottom (17) capable of being thoroughly cleaned by a mobile suction means;

C.

 Within periods of 7 days:

i.

 For water temperatures of up to 35 degrees Celsius, maintaining said water ORP of at least 500 mV for a minimum period of 1 hour for each Celsius degree of water temperature, adding disinfectant agents to the water;

ii. For water temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius and up to 69 degrees Celsius, maintaining said water ORP of at least 500 mV for a minimum period of hours by adding disinfectants to water,

where the minimum period of hours is calculated by the following equation: [35 hours] - [Water temperature In degrees Celsius - 35] = minimum period of hours; Y

iii.

 For water temperatures of 70 degrees Celsius or higher, maintaining said water ORP of at least 500 mV for a minimum period of 1 hour.

d.

 Activate the following processes through a means of coordination (1), where the processes eliminate suspended solids by filtering only a small fraction of the total water volume, thus replacing conventional water treatments that filter the entire volume of water:

i.

 Apply oxidizing agents to prevent iron and manganese concentrations from exceeding 1 ppm;

ii. Apply coagulants, flocculants or a mixture of them to prevent turbidity exceeding 5 NTU;

iii. Suction the water flow containing the settled particles, produced by the above processes, with a mobile suction means (5) to prevent the thickness of the settled material from exceeding 100 mm on average;

iv.

 Filter the flow sucked by the mobile suction means (5), with at least one filtration means (3); Y

v.

 Return the filtered water to said at least one container medium (8);

and.

 Use said treated water in a downstream process.

The water treated by the method can be provided from a natural source of water, such as oceans, groundwater, lakes, rivers, treated water, or combinations thereof.

The disinfectant agents can be applied to the water by means of chemical application (4), in order to maintain an ORP level of at least 500 mV for a minimum period of time according to the water temperature, within periods of 7 days at a time. Disinfectants include, but are not limited to, ozone, biguanide products, algicidal and antibacterial agents such as copper products; iron salts; alcohols; chlorine and chlorinated compounds; peroxides, phenolic compounds; iodophors; quaternary amines (polyquats) in general, such as benzalkonium chloride and S-triazine; peracetic acid; halogen based compounds; bromine based compounds; and combinations of them.

If the water temperature is up to 35 degrees Celsius, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of 1 hour for each Celsius degree of water temperature. For example, if the water temperature is 25 degrees Celsius, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of 25 hours, which can be distributed over a period of 7 days.

If the water temperature is greater than 35 degrees Celsius and up to 69 degrees Celsius, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of hours that is calculated according to the following equation:

[35 hours] - [Water temperature in degrees Celsius- 35] = minimum period of hours

For example, if the water temperature is 50 degrees Celsius, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of 20 hours ([35] - [50-35]), which can be distributed at 7 day period

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Finally, if the water temperature is 70 degrees Celsius or higher, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of 1 hour.

Oxidizing agents are applied or dispersed in water to maintain and / or prevent iron and manganese concentrations from exceeding 1 ppm. Appropriate oxidizing agents include, but are not limited to, permanganate salts; peroxides; ozone; sodium persulfate; potassium persulfate; oxidants produced by electrolytic methods, halogen-based compounds and combinations thereof. Generally, the oxidizing agents are applied or dispersed in the water by means of chemical application (4).

A flocculating or coagulating agent can be applied or dispersed in the water to add, agglomerate, coalesce and / or coagulate suspicious particles in the water, which then settle to the bottom of the container means (8). Generally, flocculating or coagulating agents are applied or dispersed in the water by means of chemical application (4). Appropriate flocculating or coagulating agents include, but are not limited to, polymers such as cationic polymers and anionic polymers; aluminum salts, such as aluminum hydrochloride, alum and aluminum sulfate; quaternary amines, quats and polyquats; calcium oxide; calcium hydroxide; ferrous sulfate; ferric chloride; polyacrylamide; sodium aluminate; sodium silicate; natural products, such as chitosan, gelatin, guar gum, alginates, moringa seeds; starch derivatives; and combinations of them. The fraction of the water in which the flocs are collected or settled is generally the layer of water along the bottom of the container. The flocs form a sediment at the bottom of the container means (8) that can be removed by the mobile suction means (5) without requiring that all the water in the container means (8) be filtered, for example, only one filter is filtered. tiny fraction.

The chemical application means (4) and the mobile suction means (5) in the apparatus of the invention are opportunely activated by the coordination means (1), in order to adjust the controlled parameters within their limits. The chemical application means (4) and mobile suction means (5) are activated according to the needs of the system, which allows the application of significantly less chemicals compared to conventional water treatment systems, and by filtration of a small fraction of the total volume of water, up to 200 times smaller, compared to conventional filtration water treatment systems that filter the entire volume of water within the same period of time.

In the apparatus disclosed herein, the coordination means (1) receive information (10) regarding the water quality parameters within their respective limits.

The coordination means (1) are also capable of receiving information, processing that information, and activating the required processes according to that information, including combinations thereof. The coordination means is a computational device, such as a personal computer, connected to sensors that allow measuring parameters and activating processes according to said information.

The coordination means (1) provide information (13) to the chemical application means (4) about the dosage and addition of the appropriate chemicals and instructions to activate the chemical application means (4) to keep the parameters controlled within its limits. The coordination means (1) also provide information (11) to activate the mobile suction means (5). The coordination means simultaneously activate the filtration means (3) in order to filter the flow sucked by the mobile suction means (5), filtering only a small fraction of the entire volume of water. The mobile suction means (5) are activated (11) by the coordination means (1) to prevent the thickness of the sedimented material from exceeding 100 mm. When the apparatus is used to produce water for desalination purposes, the mobile suction means

(5) are activated by the coordination means (1) to prevent the thickness of the sedimented material from exceeding 10 mm. The filtration means (3) and mobile suction means (5) operate only when necessary to keep the water parameters within their limits, for example, only a few hours per day, as opposed to conventional filtration systems that They operate substantially continuously.

The coordination means can also receive information on the water collected (9). When the TDS concentration is less than or equal to 10,000 ppm, the Langelier Saturation Index should be less than

3. For the present invention, the Langelier Saturation Index can be kept under 2 by adjusting the pH, adding antifouling, or by water softening processes. When the TDS concentration is greater than 10,000 ppm, the Stiff & Davis saturation index of the water should be less than 3. For the present invention, the Stiff & Davis Saturation index can also be kept under 2 by adjusting the pH, adding antifouling or water softening processes. Antifoulants that can be used to maintain the Langelier Saturation Index or the Stiff & Davis Saturation Index include, but are not limited to, phosphonate-based compounds, such as phosphonic acid, PBTC (tricarboxylic phosphobutan acid), chromates, polyphosphates of zinc, nitrites, silicates, organic substances, caustic soda, polymers based on malic acid, sodium polyacrylate, sodium salts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, corrosion inhibitors such as benzotriazole, and combinations thereof.

A method carried out in an apparatus of the invention may optionally include a dechlorination step. Such a dechlorination step is desirable if a residual amount of chlorine is detected in the water that can interfere with the industrial process. Dechlorination can be carried out by adding chemicals that include, but are not limited to.

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5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

a, reducing agents such as sodium bisulfite or sodium metabisulfite, using an activated carbon filter, or a combination thereof.

Examples

Example 1

The apparatus of the present invention can be used as a pretreatment stage for seawater desalination processes by reverse osmosis.

Ocean seawater, which has a total dissolved solids concentration of approximately 35,000 ppm, was collected in a container medium according to the present invention. The container had an approximate volume of 45 million m3, with an area of 22,000 m2.

The temperature of the water in the container medium was measured in April and had a temperature of around 18 ° C. As described here, if the temperature is 35 ° C or less, then an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of 1 hour for each ° C of water temperature. Using this algorithm, an ORP of at least 500 mV was maintained for (18x1) 18 hours during the week. The distribution was 9 hours on Monday and 9 hours on Thursday, which completes the total 18 hours. To maintain the ORP for a period of 9 hours, sodium hypochlorite was added to the water in order to maintain a concentration of 0.16 ppm in the water.

It was not necessary to perform an additional oxidation process to adjust the levels of iron and manganese since sodium hypochlorite has a sufficient redox potential to oxidize iron and manganese. Crystal Clear ®, a flocculant, was injected as a flocculant before the turbidity reached a value of 5 NTU, at concentrations of 0.08 ppm every 24 hours.

After allowing bacteria, metals, algae and other solids to settle, a mobile suction medium was activated before the thickness of the layer of sedimented material reached 10 mm. The sedimented material, which was the product of the method processes, was sucked by the mobile suction means that move along the bottom of the container. The sucked water containing the sedimented particles was then pumped to a filter through a flexible hose, where it was filtered at a rate of 21 L / second.

After treatment, the water had a pH of 7.96, a turbidity of 0.2 NTU, a sediment density index (SDI) of 4, an iron concentration less than 0.04 ppm and a lower manganese concentration at 0.01 ppm.

Pretreatment of water for seawater desalination processes by reverse osmosis is important since reverse osmosis desalination processes require high quality water to avoid clogging and fouling of membranes. Column 2 of Table 1 below shows the water quality parameters required by membrane manufacturers. Column 3 in Table 1 shows the values of the treated water obtained with the method and demonstrates that the values of each parameter are in the range required by the membrane manufacturers.

Table 1

Parameters

Value required by membrane manufacturers Value obtained using the present invention

SDI

<4 3.8

Turbidity (NTU)

<1 0.2

TDS (mg / L)

Variable 35,000

pH

 ~ 8 7.96

Iron (mg / L)

<0.05 0.04

Manganese (mg / L)

<0.05 <0.01

The amount of chemicals applied according to the invention to provide the treated water was significantly less than conventional pretreatment technologies. The energy requirements were also lower compared to conventional pretreatment technologies, since the present invention only filters a small amount of the total volume of water within a given period of time and does not require microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration, which have requirements for Very high energy consumption.

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Example 2

The apparatus of the present invention can be used to treat water for use in the aquaculture industry, including its use as water conditioning for microalgae inoculation.

A tank of 1 hectare of surface and a depth of 1.5 meters is used as a container medium for water. The water is first treated in the tank and then sent to the “race track” type ponds where microalgae cultivation begins.

Example 3

The apparatus of the present invention can be used to treat and maintain water in pumping stations used for mining purposes. A regulating tank in a pumping station contains seawater in case the 10 pipes or pumping systems are damaged or experience other problems. The water stored inside the tank begins to deteriorate after a period of time and microalgae and other microorganisms begin to grow in the tank creating biofouling that adhere to the tank walls and pipes, reducing the cross-sectional area and generating various problems that affect Water flow in the tank and pipes. The present invention is applied to the regulating tank, treating the water stored in the regulating tank and

15 keeping water minimizing bio-fouling at low cost.

Claims (6)

image 1 1. Apparatus comprising a system for performing an industrial process (2) and a system for the treatment of water at low cost for the removal of suspended solids in the water by filtration of a small fraction of the total volume of water, comprising the device: at least one inlet line (7) to feed water to the container medium (8). at least one container (8) having a volume of at least 15,000 m3 comprising reception means for the deposited particles, which is fixed to the bottom (17) of the container (8) and is made of a non-porous material capable if cleaned, so that the bottom of the container (8) is covered with the non-porous material that allows the mobile suction means (5) to pass through the entire lower surface of the container (8) and aspirate the deposited particles ; at least one means (1) of coordination including electronic devices, which is configured to receive information (10) regarding the quality of the water and the thickness of material deposited in the bottom of the container (8) to process the information (10) and to activate in a timely manner the means of application of chemical products (4) and the mobile aspiration means (5) to adjust the water parameters within the limits specified by the means ( 1) coordination; at least one chemical application means (4) that is configured to be activated by said at least one coordination means (1); at least one mobile suction means (5) that is configured to move through the bottom (17) of said at least one container (8) and aspirate the water flow containing the filtered particles; at least one propulsion means (6) that is configured to produce a movement to said at least one means (5) mobile suction so that it can move through the bottom (17) of said at least one container (8); at least one filter means (3) that is configured to filter the flow of water containing the deposited particles; at least one collection line (15) coupled between said at least one mobile suction means (5) and said at least one filtration means (3); at least one return line (16) from said at least one filtration means (3) to said at least one container means (8); Y at least one water outlet line (18) from said at least one container means (8) to at least one system for performing an industrial process (2), wherein the downstream industrial process (2) comprises reverse osmosis, desalination , algae cultivation, an aquaculture process, a mining process, and combinations thereof, wherein the coordination means (1) are configured to activate the mobile aspiration means (5) and, simultaneously, the filtration means (3) to filter the flow sucked by the mobile aspiration means, to filter only a small fraction of the entire volume of water, wherein the coordination means (1) are configured to make the chemical application means (4) apply the chemical products (14) only when necessary, and to operate the filtration means (3) and the means ( 5) Mobile suction only when necessary to keep water parameters within their limits.

2.

 Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiving means are covered with a material comprising membranes, geomembranes, geotextile membranes, plastic, concrete or coated concrete coatings, or a combination thereof.

3.

 Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the means (4) for applying chemical products comprise injectors (19), sprinklers, weight distributors, pipes or a combination thereof.

Four.

 Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drives of the drive means comprise a rail system, a cable system, a self-propelled system, a robotic system, a guided system from a distance, a boat with a motor, a device floating with an engine, or a combination thereof.

5.

 Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the filtration means comprise cartridge filters, sand filters, microfilters, ultrafilters, nanofilters or a combination thereof.

6.

 Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the collection line comprises a flexible hose, a rigid hose, a pipe or a combination thereof.

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