ES2644802T3 - Side element of a transport packaging and transport packaging - Google Patents

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Side element of a transport packaging and transport packaging

The present invention relates to a side element of a transport package according to the preamble of claim 1 as well as to a transport package according to the preamble of claim 15.

Wooden transport packaging, such as packaging for transporting industrial products, is known in a plurality of different designs. For filling with heavy transport products there are for example wooden boxes, which on the one hand are stackable and on the other, however, they are also reusable.

However, often the wooden boxes also in the ford state have a very high weight. In this case, packaging cages that are configured as frame structures are often used to save weight. As a general rule, these frame structures are joined together with nails, staples or screws and, in particular when they must be stackable, must have a high stability against shear forces. They are composed of longitudinal slats, vertical and diagonal slats and are fixed with nails on each other at their intersections. The slats are generally stabilized with a plurality of diagonal braces.

As for the stabilization of the frame construction it is necessary to place additional diagonal braces, the material consumption increases. The individual parts are crossed by the construction, which, by the structure in several layers, correspondingly decreases the internal volume available in relation to the external dimension.

A variant of this construction is obtained by using butt-mounted slats with nail plates fixed with nails. For this, more nails are clearly needed and for each angular union or butt joint, additional union plates.

The manufacture of this type of transport packaging is generally done as manual work or stationary nailing facilities. These procedures require a large number of personnel, complex templates for the exact positioning of the individual parts for manual production as well as nailers, so that at the beginning of the production there are high costs. Similarly, during production cycles it is necessary to check the templates regularly and eventually repair them. The storage of the templates and the complex equipment of the jobs are a problem and also produce high costs. For the joints of the individual parts nails with a different length have to be held in brackets, in addition to the insertion of the nails are necessary apparatus, compressors and corresponding flexible tube conduits.

Another considerable disadvantage is the risk for the workers when using the nailing devices, because it often happens that due to a handling error or carelessness, the employees are injured. Therefore, the constant training of workers is necessary as well as a permanent supervision of compliance with safety standards.

In many cases, in the case of the cages used, these are single-use packaging, which must be discarded after arriving at the destination. It is necessary to separate the materials. By the nails or screws etc., with which the individual parts are joined, problems in the elimination of waste appear because the individual parts cannot be sawn, crushed or burned without further ado. Therefore, waste disposal is complex and the nails used are lost.

Therefore, the aim of the present invention is to provide a side element of a transport package, and a transport package that does not present these drawbacks, a transport package with a side element being disclosed with DE 20 20l1 104001 U1 according to the preamble of claim 1. This objective is achieved by a side element of a transport package according to claim 1 as well as by a transport package according to claim 15. Advantageous embodiments are indicated in the respective dependent claims. In this disclosure, the joints between two slats joined together by each other of an individual frame of a lateral element, in which the angle between the longitudinal directions of the two slats joined together between them clearly amounts to less than 180 degrees, will be called angular joints. In the case of an essentially rectangular frame, this angle therefore amounts essentially to 90 degrees. Therefore, for example, angular joints are also conceivable in which the strip along its stop side, that is, along its side perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, is joined with the narrow side of the other strip of the two slats joined between sf.

The lateral elements according to the invention have a frame of wooden slats joined together, preferably essentially rectangular in shape. According to the invention, the angular joints between two slats of the frame connected to each other are configured as tongue-groove joints. In this way it can be ensured that two slats joined together are connected to each other without protruding.

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The side elements are advantageously configured as a closed frame. Additionally, they can have transverse slats and diagonal slats, with which the frame is stabilized, preferably closed.

Preferably, the lateral elements arranged adjacent to each other are connected to each other along common edges and preferably have a single recessed joint or a recess-recess joint or a recess-recess joint in their common edges.

However, preferably the joints within a lateral element between the slats of the frame and the diagonal slats and / or the transverse slats of the individual lateral element are configured as groove-tongue joints. If necessary, they can also be configured as a recessed joint, for example as recess-recess joints or as recess-recess joints or as simple recessed joints. Recess-recess joints are often used when the thickness of the slats is too small, for reasons of stability, does not support groove-recess joints or tongue-groove joints.

The angular joints between two slats joined between each other of a frame are configured as groove-tongue joints, and at least one of the slats joined together can be formed to form a frame along its longitudinal side a recess that runs on the external side frame, whereby two adjacent side elements can then be joined in a particularly stable manner. By a tongue-and-groove joint between two joint elements joined together, for example slats, it is understood in the present application a union in which the first of the two union elements has at least one groove and the second of the two elements of joining at least one tongue, so that the at least one tongue of the second joint element enters the at least one groove of the first joint element, preferably with force drag.

A groove means in this application a notch that is laterally delimited by at least two side walls, and whose maximum diameter is smaller than its longitudinal extension. By tongue, an outstanding part in a wood or a board or the like is understood, which enters into a cut by way of a corresponding groove or notch of another wood, board or the like.

Figure 12 shows a series of different tongue-and-groove joints, known in practice:

Figure 12a shows a tongue-and-groove joint known in the literature also as a notch-taco joint or as a male and female union. In this type of joint, a joint element has a tongue 58 and the other joint element has a groove 60, which enters the tongue 58 of the shape dragged joint element, when a joint element is connected with the other connection element. Union.

Figure 12b shows a displaced straight spigot joint. In this type of joint, a joint element has a tongue 58 and a groove 60, while the other joint element has a groove 60 corresponding to the tongue 58 of the joint element and a tongue 58 corresponding to the groove 60 of the element Union.

Figure 12c shows an example of a straight pin joint. In the joints of straight pins a joint element, in this case the left joint element, has at least two tabs 58 and at least one groove 60, while the other joint element, in this case the right joint element presents at least two slots 60 and at least one tab 58.

Figure 12d shows a union of cradled spikes. The union of cradled spikes is characterized in that the grooves 60 and the tongues 58 are configured with a cuneiform cross-section, preferably triangular. The tabs 58 narrow toward their anterior end. The grooves 60 widen towards their open end, so that the tabs 58 of the joint element can be inserted into the grooves 60 of the other joint element, preferably with shape drag.

Figure 12e discloses a union known as dovetail union. In this union, the tongues 58 have a shape similar to a dovetail. They narrow, unlike the tabs 58 in Figure 12d in the opposite direction, that is, towards the joint element.

Slot-tongue joints are known for the production of high-quality furniture, however, until now they have not been used for transport packaging on the one hand for reasons of cost and on the other hand for their manufacture until now complex.

However, groove-tongue joints have the advantage that to obtain a firm joint, nails are no longer necessary, eliminating the separation of materials in the disposal of waste. In addition, the tongue-and-groove joints can be obtained in such a way that they engage in one another with force drag, when the individual joining elements engage in one another. At present, they can be obtained, for example, with modern CNC machines in such a way that they engage in one another almost with a drag. No projection is produced by overlapping the elements joined between sf and so, during the transport of several packaging units no dead space is produced.

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Unlike the tongue-and-groove joints, which are used for high-quality furniture, provided that the individual joint between two slats that are to be joined between sf of a frame has several grooves, all the grooves of this union in the transport packaging according to the invention they run essentially parallel to each other advantageously also essentially parallel to the surface defined by the frame. When the groove-tab joint has at least one groove, then the at least one groove between two slats joined together in the transport packages according to the invention preferably runs essentially parallel to the surface defined by the frame of the side element, not perpendicular to it.

Preferably, the tongue-groove joints of the individual lateral elements, for example their angular joints, are configured as cradle pin joints. The joints of cradled spikes, with respect to other tongue-and-groove joints, have the advantage that when they have been introduced under pressure with a sufficiently high compression force, they are already joined together with a firmness such that the necessary amount of glue or adhesive to be used is very reduced and the stability of the frame asf constructed becomes particularly high.

The longitudinal direction of the grooves is oriented preferably parallel to the plane defined by the slats that delimit the lateral element. Similarly, the individual grooves are preferably at least twice as deep, particularly preferably at least five times as deep as wide. They can be narrowed towards the groove base so that they can be better inserted into each other with force drag. A slot displaced at the edge, which is already only delimited on one side by a slot side wall, becomes a recess. Therefore, often a lowered union also requires an additional means of joining.

The contour of the assembly in a groove-tongue joint can be configured in a straight way, in the form of a circular arc, in the form of an arrow, in the form of a double circular arc, oval or take another linear form. The contour of the assembly of a tongue-and-groove joint of two slats between each other, of a slat with a diagonal slat or of a slat with a transverse slat can also be a segment of straight section configured obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axial direction of the ribbon. The diagonal slats and transverse slats serve to stabilize the frame of the side element. Selected contours may favor this type of stabilization.

The joining elements are preferably wooden slats. These have a length l, a width b and a thickness d, where l> b> = d. When two joining elements of this type are joined together, the grooves preferably run perpendicular to the thickness extension of the wooden slats that are to be joined to each other, preferably in the case of wooden slats configured in a rectangular manner preferably essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the connecting element or essentially parallel to its wide side, meaning "essentially parallel" in this context that angular deviations of up to 8 degrees with respect to parallelism are included. This has the advantage that when the joint elements are inserted into each other they adhere to especially large surfaces and therefore provide a particularly stable joint.

In a preferred embodiment, the first ribbon has at least one tongue that is arranged so that it preferably runs parallel to the surface defined by the frame of the side member and that is configured such that the at least one tongue of the first ribbon can enter the at least one groove of the second ribbon, preferably with force drag, with shape drag and / or by adhesion by joining of material.

In especially preferred embodiments, the first ribbon has at least two grooves that run parallel to each other, and the second ribbon has at least two tongues that run parallel to each other, which enter the at least two grooves that run parallel to each other from the first slat, when the two slats are joined together, so that due to the greater common contact surface produced in this way, of the two joining elements, an even more stable bond can be obtained.

The angular joints can be bias unions, which have a bias angle of preferably 45 °, so that a uniform distribution of the forces acting on the slats is achieved. However, angular joints can present any angle between 0 degrees and 180 degrees. They preferably have at least one groove-tongue joint and advantageously on their joint sides which coincide with each other a flat stop, which coincides with the stop of the other ribbon respectively with a bias angle of for example 45 degrees. In this respect, the longitudinal direction of the at least one groove is preferably configured essentially parallel to the plane defined by the angle of bias or by the angle of the angular joint.

The at least one groove of the tongue-and-groove joint is preferably configured as a milled groove of a milling cutter, for example of a milling cutter, a milling cutter for bias, a milling cutter for trapezoidal gluing, a milling cutter for pointed gluing or a strawberry for grooves.

Modern milling cutters can also mill several milled grooves at the same time, which run parallel to each other, so that the tongue-and-groove joints can be obtained relatively quickly.

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Two joining elements that are to be joined to each other of an individual lateral element, when joined together, are joined together preferably by groove-tongue joints. In this regard, each of the two joining elements can be a ribbon, a diagonal ribbon or one or several crossbars.

Therefore, the tools for obtaining several milled grooves running parallel to each other at the same time are advantageously configured such that, once the groove-tongue joints of the two joining elements to be joined together are obtained, in each case a tongue of the union element configured between two adjacent milled grooves can in each case enter a groove of the other union element, preferably with force drag, especially preferably with shape drag. A groove-tongue arrangement of this type can be obtained for example because the thickness of two adjacent milling elements of a milling cutter corresponds approximately to its distance between its thus obtaining the groove-tongue joints becomes very simple and the amount is reduced of tools that must be available.

To achieve the best possible drag of force between two slats joined together, the groove-tongue joint, which is preferably configured as a union of cradled spikes, is glued or glued advantageously, having found that the best results are achieved with a polyurethane adhesive or a glue or adhesive having polyurethane.

So that a dead space does not appear between two packing units, the slats joined together are advantageously joined together without protruding.

An even greater stability can be achieved, in particular also a stability against transverse and shear forces because at least one of the lateral elements has at least one transverse slat, for example wood and / or at least one diagonal lath, being configured / s the at least one cross bar and / or the at least one diagonal bar to stabilize the frame. The at least one transverse slat and / or at least one diagonal lath is preferably connected in this respect with two slats of the at least one lateral element, the union between each of the two laths and the at least one transverse lath being advantageously also a tongue-groove joint. When the transport units are stable enough, they can also be easily stacked on top of each other.

The bottom element, which for example can be constructed as a side element, and can have a slatted frame, in a possible embodiment is connected with at least one lath of at least one side element, the union being preferably also configured as tongue-groove joint or recessed joint. Such a construction allows the use in each case of a single milling cutter for all groove-tongue or recessed joints, which on the one hand allows efficient automation of the entire manufacturing operation for such a transport packaging and on the other hand also a very fast manufacturing.

The tongue-groove joints are especially stable joints in transport packaging, so that only a few additional stabilization elements are necessary, such as diagonal slats or transverse slats, which in comparison with conventional frame constructions results in a considerable saving of raw materials and wood.

The slats of the side elements can have, on their sides directed towards the inside of the frame, grooves for filling in to accommodate flat panel fillings so that, depending on the need, the product to be transported can be protected against Moisture, dust or light.

Panel filling means in this context a panel-shaped material, such as a cardboard, a wooden material, a plastic panel or also a metal panel, which is shaped in such a way that it can be inserted into the grooves. of accommodation of the slats of the lateral elements.

These flat panel fillings can be configured very thin because they do not have to fulfill a support function perpendicular to their panel surfaces, but often only a function of protection against dust, dirt or moisture. However, they often also perform stabilizing functions against shear forces, because by guiding them into the grooves of the slats of the side elements they stabilize the frame construction.

As flat panel fillings, for example, plywood, cardboard, corrugated cardboard, plastic, metal, wood composite materials, chipboard panels or paper between the slats can be arranged. Compared to solid wood boxes, a construction of this type has the advantage of a much smaller weight.

Alternatively to flat panel fillings the elements, sides and / or covers can also be coated. In this case, the panel fillings are stapled, nailed, inserted or adhered on the frame element.

The transport packaging has a bottom element and / or a cover element. It has at least three, preferably four lateral elements, which are joined together and preferably also with the element of

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bottom and / or the cover element such that they surround an interior space. Therefore, for example, pentagonal, hexagonal or octagonal side element structures are conceivable, the triangular, square and hexagonal side element constructions having the advantage that they can be placed next to each other without gaps.

Preferably the adjacent side elements are joined to each other along their common edges by simple recessed and / or groove-recess and / or recess-recess joints. These types of joints allow a particularly stable construction of a transport packaging.

The cover element and / or the bottom element may have the same construction as the side elements, that is, in particular a slatted frame joined together preferably at right angles.

The side elements, the cover element and the bottom element, or all the transport packaging can be covered with panels, for example with cardboard, wood materials, plastic panels, metal panels or also with sheets. The coating can be produced by staples, nails, rivets, screws, tweezers or glue.

The bottom element preferably has a bottom coating. The bottom covering can be for example of wood, for example of wooden boards, wood panels or other flat materials. The bottom element is preferably a bottom pale, for example a European pale or other standardized pale, as is known from the state of the art, which preferably has a wooden bottom covering, the bottom element preferably presenting a construction lower coupling for, for example, a forklift.

The at least one side element advantageously has an essentially rectangular shape and in one embodiment it can also be configured as an open frame, that is, as a frame that has two slats, which together are in each case connected only with an additional ribbon, the open ends of the frame being joined, that is, of these two slats, with the bottom element, and this union being configured as a groove-tab joint or as a lowered joint.

In a further embodiment each side element has a closed frame, each side element joining with the bottom element, for example by means of a tongue-and-groove joint, in which the at least one groove runs along the narrow side of a ribbon.

The bottom element itself is advantageously made of wood and preferably has a lower coupling construction, so that for example it can be transported with a forklift.

The transport package according to the invention generally has four lateral elements connected to the bottom element, which in each case have a wooden slatted frame joined together, the side walls being arranged essentially at right angles to each other and with respect to to the background elements and being joined together by pairs in common songs. In the preferred embodiments, the side elements are also joined together by groove-tongue joints or recessed joints.

The transport packaging can also have a cover element, which is arranged on the side elements and also has a wooden slatted frame joined together, preferably in a rectangular manner, the joints of the slats of the cover element being also configured. preferably as groove-tongue joints. The cover element may have additional guide slats to allow stable stacking.

The designations used in the following description such as above, below, left, right and the like refer to the figures and in no case will they be limiting, even if they refer to preferred embodiments. The term "essentially at right angles" will include deviations of up to 8 ° with respect to the right angle. The term "essentially rectangular shape" will comprise angular deviations of up to 8 ° with respect to the rectangular shape. "Essentially parallel" will comprise in this description a deviation of up to 8 ° with respect to a parallel embodiment. By frame is meant both an open frame, for example a rectangular U-shaped frame, and a closed frame.

The invention will be described in more detail below by means of drawings. In the drawings it shows:

Figure 1, an example of a transport package according to the invention in the form of a frame construction,

Figure 2, an exploded representation of the individual side elements, of the cover element as well as of the bottom element of the transport package according to Figure 1,

Figure 3, the cover element of the transport packaging according to Figure 1 in a perspective view,

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Figure 4, the bottom element of the transport packaging according to Figure 1 in an exploded representation,

Figure 5, a side element of the transport packaging according to Figure 1 in a plan view,

Figure 6, the individual slats of the side element according to Figure 5 in an exploded representation with the tongue-and-groove joints according to the invention,

Figure 7, a second example of a transport package according to the invention, with a cover element with stacking aid,

Figure 8, the transport packaging according to Figure 7 in an exploded representation,

Figure 9, a third example of a transport package according to the invention with panel fillings,

Figure 10, an exploded representation of the transport packaging according to Figure 9,

Figure 11, a further example of a side element of the transport packaging according to the invention according to Figure 9 in an exploded representation,

Figure 12, examples of different tongue-groove joints,

Figure 13, a third example of a side element of the transport packaging according to the invention in a plan view,

Figure 14, the individual slats of the side element according to Figure 13 in an exploded representation with tongue-and-groove joints, which have an angular contour,

Figure 15, a fourth example of a side element of the transport packaging according to the invention in a plan view,

Figure 16, the individual slats of the side element according to Figure 15 in an exploded representation with tongue-and-groove joints, which have a circular arc-shaped contour,

Figure 17, a fifth example of a side element of the transport packaging according to the invention in a plan view,

Figure 18, the individual slats of the side element according to Figure 17 in an exploded representation with tongue-groove joints with additional circular arc-shaped contours,

Figure 19, a sixth example of a side element of the transport packaging according to the invention in a plan view,

Figure 20, the individual slats of the side element according to Figure 19 in an exploded representation with tongue-groove joints with additional circular arc-shaped contours,

Figure 21, a recess-recess joint between two slats in a plan view,

Figure 22, a simple lowered joint between two slats in a plan view,

Figure 23, a groove-recess joint between two slats in a plan view,

Figure 24, a butt joint between two slats in a plan view,

Figure 25, a seventh example of a side element of the transport packaging according to the invention in a plan view,

Figure 26, the individual slats of the side element according to Figure 25 in an exploded representation,

Figure 27, an eighth example of a side element of the transport packaging according to the invention in a plan view,

Figure 28, the individual slats of the side element according to Figure 27 in an exploded representation.

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Figure 1 shows a first example of a transport package 1 according to the invention. Transport packing

1 has a bottom element 2, four side elements 4, 6, 8, 10 as well as a cover element 12. The side elements 4, 6, 8, 10 as well as the cover element 12 are configured as closed frame constructions .

The butt edges between sf of side elements 4, 6, 8, 10 arranged adjacent to each other, but also the butt edges between sf of the cover element 12 with one of the side elements 4, 6, 8, 10 and / or of the background element

2 with one of the side elements 4, 6, 8, 10 are preferably configured as lowered joints. However, they can also be made as butt joints.

Figure 2 shows the bottom element 2 as well as the individual frames of the side elements 4, 6, 8, 10 and of the cover element 12 in an exploded representation.

Figure 3 shows the cover element 12 of the transport package 1 of Figure 1 in a perspective representation. The cover element 12 has slats 14, 16, 18, 20 that form a frame22 as well as a transverse strip 24. The slats 14, 16, 18, 20 are joined together by means of angular joints 26, for example bias joints, which are configured as tongue-groove joints, and preferably are glued or glued together with a polyurethane adhesive. The glue or adhesive can also obviously be wood glue. The slats 14, 16, 18, 20 of the cover element 12 present in this example of embodiment in their external delimitations in each case a recess 27, which surrounds the cover element 12. In this way it is possible to place the cover element 12 on the lateral elements 4, 6, 8, 10 in a safe way against the sliding.

Figure 4 shows the bottom element 2 of the transport package 1. The bottom element 2 has a bottom covering 30, a bottom frame 32 and a lower coupling construction 34. The bottom frame 32, which receives the coating bottom 30, is a closed frame, to which the side walls 4, 6, 8, 10 are fixed, as can be deduced from Figure 2.

Figure 5 shows the side element 10 of the transport package 1 in a plan view. The side element 10, similar to the cover element 12, is composed of a frame 22 as well as a crossbar 24. A diagonal slat 36 stabilizes the frame 22 additionally against the shear forces. The frame 22 is configured by four slats 14, 16, 18 and 20, which are joined together to form the closed frame 22. The joints 26 of the slats between them are angular joints, preferably bias connections 26, which at the same They are configured as groove-tongue joints and preferably glue or adhere to each other with a polyurethane adhesive. The glue or adhesive can naturally also be a glue for wood or other adhesive. The cross bar 24 is connected to both the bar 14 and the bar 18. The diagonal bar 36 that abuts the cross bar 24 and the bar 18 is connected to the bar 14. The joints 28 of the cross bar 24 with the bar 14 as well as the diagonal slat 36 with the lath 14 are groove-tongue joints arranged side by side, joining the narrow sides along the width of the elements 24, 36 with a narrow side along the bar 14. The slats 14, 16, 18, 20, the crossbar 24 and the diagonal slats 36 are configured as wooden slats.

Figure 6 shows an exploded representation of the side element 10. The union of the elements 24 and 36 with the strip 18 is shown in diagram A in an enlarged manner. The union of the ribbon 14 with the ribbon 16 and the diagonal ribbon 36 is shown in diagram B in an enlarged manner. The union 26 of the two slats 14, 20 between them is shown in diagram C in an enlarged manner. The joints shown are groove-tongue joints, the B and C joints being configured at the same time as angular joints, preferably as bias joints.

Figures 7 and 8 show a second example of a transport package 1 with a bottom element 2, side elements 4, 6, 8, 10 as well as a cover element 12. The side elements 4, 6, 8, 10 are joined together in their edges 38. The cover element 12 has two stacking aids 40, which are configured as wooden slats and which serve as guide rails and adjustment aids for additional transport packages 1 stacked on top. These stacking aids can also be configured as slats or blocks. In order to be able to move the transport packages easily, for example with a forklift, and to be able to stack them on top of each other, the bottom element 2 of the transport package 1 has a lower coupling construction 34, which in the present example is composed of three lower coupling elements 42, 44, 46, which are fixed to the bottom frame 32 or to the bottom covering 30. The lower coupling elements 42, 44, 46 have in each case a sliding table 48 as well as in each case four blocks of patm 50. In this way it is possible to grab the bottom element 2 or the transport package 1 from several sides below, for example with a forklift and handle it. If two transport packages are now stacked on top of each other, then the sliding tables 48 of the two lower coupling elements 42, 46 surround the two stacking aids 40 configured as splints on the cover element 12 and thus take care of a fastener firm of the two stacked transport packages.

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Figures 9 and 10 show a third example of a transport package 1. The side elements 4, 6, 8, 10 as well as the cover element 12 in this case have panel fills 52 that are arranged between the slats 14, 16, 18, 20 and transverse slats 24.

Figure 11 shows an exploded representation of the side element 4 of the transport packaging of Figure 9. The panel fillings 52, for example cardboard, are guided between the slats 14, 16, 18, 20 and the transverse slat 24 in housing grooves 54 for fillings, which are arranged in slats 14, 16, 18, 20 as well as in the crossbar 24. Fragment A shows an extension of the joint 26 between the slats 16 and 18, which is configured as angular union, preferably as a union to bias and as a groove-tongue joint. The panel filling 52 is guided in the filler housing groove 54. Fragment B shows in an enlarged manner the tongue-groove joint between the crossbar 24 and the strip 18. The strips 16 and 20 in each case have a recess 27 , which is configured in such a way that the two lateral elements 6, 10 butt with the slats 16, 20 can be stably connected and without protruding with the lateral element 4 along the longitudinal sides of the slats 16, 20, so that the lateral elements 4, 10 and 4, 6 adjacent to each other have common joining edges, in which the lateral elements 4, 6 and 4, 10 are joined between sr

Figure 12 shows different types of tongue-and-groove joints between two elements connected to each other, for example two slats connected to each other. Preferably the joints are glued or glued.

Figure 12a shows a tongue-and-groove joint, in which the left element has a tongue 58 and the right element has a groove 60. Figure 12b shows an additional tongue-groove joint, in which the left element has a groove 60 and a tongue 58 and the right element also has a groove 60 and a tongue 58. Figure 12c shows a union of two elements, in which the left element has a groove 60 and two tongues 58, the right element a tongue 58 and two slots 60.

Figure 12d shows a joint also known as union of pins between two wooden elements, the grooves and the pins being configured, or the grooves 60 and the tabs 58 in a triangular manner. This type of pin joints can be obtained, for example, with a pointed mill. This type of spike union is also called cradle spike union.

Figure 12e finally shows an additional groove-tongue joint, as can be milled, for example, with a cutter shaped in a trapezoid shape. In this case, the left union element has two tabs 58 and two slots 60. The right element also has two slots 60 and two tabs 58. The trapezoidal joint cannot be inserted perpendicularly into a groove-tongue joint, but requires a lateral introduction along the groove length. Therefore, it is suitable only for joints in which the grooves are open laterally from at least one side.

Conformations that delimit the lateral edge of a joint element are not called tongues. Similarly, cuts that delimit the edge of a joint element are not called grooves. Obviously the corners of the grooves 60 and tongues 58 formed in practice are rounded in the majority of cases. Figures 12a to 12e are also only examples of possible tongue-groove joints. The cross section of the groove can have many other different shapes. A series of possible embodiments of tongue-groove joints are shown in Figures 13 to 20. The joints are preferably adhesive bonds. However, additionally or alternatively they may also have additional joining elements, such as nails, screws, rivets or tweezers.

Figure 13 shows a third example of a lateral element 4 of a transport package 1. The lateral element 4 has a frame 22 of slats 14, 16, 18, 20, a cross-sectional strip 24 and a diagonal slat 36. The groove joints -length of the diagonal ribbon 36 have, as shown in Figure 14, at its longitudinal side ends, arrow-shaped contours 56, which are also called angular contours. The arrow-shaped contours 56 are disposed at the two longitudinal side ends of the diagonal slat 36. They are connected with shape drag on one end of the longitudinal side with the slant joints of the slats 14 and 16, and are joined at their another longitudinal side end with drag of force and / or shape and / or by joining of material with the transverse slat 24 and the lath 18, so that the contours 56 rest on the longitudinal sides of the slats 14 and 16 asf as of lath 18 and transverse lath 24.

Figure 15 shows a fourth example of a lateral element 4 of a transport package 1. The lateral element 4 presents a rack 22 of slats 14, 16, 18, 20 as well as a transverse slat 24, which serves to reinforce the frame 22 The tongue-and-groove joints of the cross bar 24 have, as shown in Figure 16, at their longitudinal side ends contours in the form of a circular arc 56. The slats 14 and 18, with which the cross bar 24 is attached, at the points of union 28 on its longitudinal sides there are circular arc-shaped cutouts, which can be joined with force and / or shape drag and / or by joining material with the longitudinal side ends of the cross-section 24. The joints angles 26 of the slats 14 and 16 as well as 16 and 18 between them also have contours in the form of a circular arc 56. This type of contours increases the stability against the shear forces of the lateral element 4 with respect to the conto straight rnos.

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65

Figure 17 shows a fifth example of a lateral element 4 of a transport package 1. The lateral element 4 presents a rack 22 of slats 14a, 14b, 16, 18a, 18b, 20 as well as a transverse slat 24, which serves to reinforce the frame 22. The transverse slat 24 in the present example presents at its ends on the longitudinal side in each case a double circular arc-shaped contour 56, in order to be able to join on one side with the two slats 14a, 14b and on the other side with the two slats 18a, 18b, which in each case have corresponding circular arc segment cuts, with drag of force and / or shape and / or by joining of material. The connections 28 are shown in more detail in Figure 18. The union 28 is configured as a groove-tab joint. The cross bar 24 is connected at the junction 28 with the two slats 14a and 14b.

Figure 19 finally shows a sixth example of embodiment of a lateral element 4, which is performed similarly to the lateral element 4 in the example of Figure 15. Unlike the fourth example of embodiment, as can be deduced from Figure 20, the frame 22, which also has a transverse element 24, is coated with a panel 52. For example, the panel can be stapled, nailed, screwed, riveted or also glued on the frame construction 22, 24.

Figure 20 is an exploded drawing of Figure 19.

Figures 21 to 24 show two slats 16 and 20 in each case in a section perpendicular to their longitudinal direction, which are arranged parallel and adjacent to each other and are joined together along common edges. The edge junctions between the slats 16 and 20, which belong to adjacent side elements 4-6, 6-8, 8-10, 10-4 between each other, are represented, in this case the edge joints between the strip 16 of the element side 8 and the strip 20 of the side element 6.

In figure 21 both slats 16, 20 each have a recess 27. This union is also called recess-recess union.

Figure 22 shows a union, in which only lath 16 has a recess (27). The ribbon 20 is connected flush with the recess 27 of the ribbon 16. This joint is called a single lowered joint.

Figure 23 shows two slats 16, 20, which along their longitudinal sides are joined together by a groove-recess joint. In this regard, the slat 16 of the frame 8 has the groove, which dramatically accommodates the protruding end of the recess 27 of the slat 20 of the frame 6.

Figure 24 finally shows an example, in which the strip 20 of the frame 6 is connected with the strip 16 of the frame 8 through a simple butt joint. In this case neither the ribbon 16 nor the ribbon 20 has a recess. Therefore, in this example there is no reduced union.

Figures 25 to 28 show other possible angular joints between the slats of an individual frame of a side element.

Figure 25 shows a side element 10 of a transport package 1 with a frame 22, which is constructed by slats 14, 16, 18 and 20, whose angular joints 26 are configured as tongue-and-groove joints. The frame 22 is stabilized with three transverse slats 24, which along its stop sides are joined with the narrow sides of the slats 14 and 18 of the frame, also by tongue-and-groove joints 28. Figure 26 shows a representation in exploded view of the side element 10 of Figure 25. The angular joint 26, which joins the strip 20 with the strip 14, is shown enlarged in a circle Q. In this respect, the stop side of the strip 20 is connected to the side narrow of the bar 14, the union being a groove-tab joint.

Figure 27 shows, like Figure 25, an embodiment of a side element 10 of a transport package 1 with a frame 22, which is constructed by slats 14, 16, 18 and 20. The angular joints 26 also They are configured as tongue-and-groove joints. The frame 22 is stabilized with a transverse slat 24 and with a diagonal slat 36. The transverse slat 24 and the diagonal slat 36 are joined along its abutment sides with the narrow sides of the rails 14 and 18 of the frame, also by tongue-and-groove joints 28. Figure 28 shows an exploded representation of the side element 10 of Figure 27. The angular joint 26, which joins the ribbon 20 with the ribbon 14, is shown enlarged in a circle R. To this in this respect, the stop side of the strip 20 is connected to the narrow side of the strip 14. The joint is a tongue-and-groove joint 26, to which an additional tongue-groove joint 28 is connected, which joins the diagonal ribbon 36 with the ribbon 14.

The invention has been explained by preferred embodiments without being limited to these embodiments. The features of the embodiments can be freely combined or exchanged with other features as long as there is compatibility. Thus, for example, different embodiments of groove-tongue joints can be implemented in a single lateral element. Reduced joints, groove-recess joints or both groove-tongue joints as well as recessed joints and / or groove-recess joints can also be implemented in each of the individual side elements, the scope of protection of the invention being defined by the claims.

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twenty

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List of reference numbers

 one

 transport packing

 2

 background element

 4

 side element

 6

 side element

 8

 side element

 10

 side element

 12

 cover element

 14

 ribbon

 16

 ribbon

 18

 ribbon

 twenty

 ribbon

 22

 frame

 24

 cross bar

 26

 angular union

 27

 recess

 28

 Union

 30

 bottom coating

 32

 bottom frame

 3. 4

 lower coupling construction

 36

 diagonal ribbon

 38

 chants

 40

 stacking aid

 42, 44,

 46 lower coupling element

 48

 sliding board

 fifty

 patm blocks

 52

 panel filling, panel

 54

 filler housing slot

 56

 contour

 58

 tongue

 60

 groove

Claims (22)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five fifty 55 60 1. Lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) of a transport packaging (1) having a frame (22), of wooden slats joined together s ^ (14, 16, 18, 20), being joined between sf the slats in angular joints (26), characterized in that the angular joints (26) of the slats joined between sf are configured as groove-tongue joints. 2. Lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the slats (14, 16, 18, 20) has a recess (27) that runs along its side longitudinal. 3. Lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one angular joint (26) is a groove-tongue joint between a first strip (14, 16, 18, 20) and a second ribbon (16, 18, 20, 14), the first ribbon (14, 16, 18, 20) having at least one slot (60), which preferably runs parallel to the surface defined by the frame (22) of the lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10), and presenting the second ribbon (16, 18, 20, 14) at least one tongue (58), so that the at least one tongue (58) of the second ribbon (16 , 18, 20, 14) enters at least one groove (60) of the first strip (14, 16, 18, 20), preferably with force drag and / or with shape drag and / or by joining material. 4. Lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the first ribbon (14, 16, 18, 20) has at least one tongue (58), so that the at least one tongue (58) of the first ribbon (14, 16, 18, 20) enters the at least one slot (60) of the second ribbon (16, 18, 20, 14), preferably with force drag and / or shape drag and / or by union of material. 5. Lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first strip (14, 16, 18, 20) has at least two grooves running parallel between sf (60) and the The second ribbon (16, 18, 20, 14) has at least two tongues that run parallel to each other (58), which enter the at least two grooves that run parallel to each other (60) of the first ribbon (14, 16, 18 , twenty). 6. Lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal direction of the at least one groove (60) runs essentially parallel to or in the plane defined by the slats (14 , 16, 18, 20). 7. Lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joints (26, 28) have straight and / or arrow-shaped and / or arc-shaped contours (56) circular and / or double circular arc. 8. Lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the angular joints (26) are bias connections, which have a bias angle of preferably 45 degrees. 9. Lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one groove (60) is configured as a milled groove of a milling cutter, of a milling cutter, milling cutter bias, milling cutter for trapezoidal gluing, milling cutter for pointed glue or a milling cutter for grooves. 10. Lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tongue-groove joint is glued or glued. 11. Lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slats connected to each other (14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36) are joined together without protruding. 12. Lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) has at least one transverse slat (24), which is attached with two slats (14, 18; 16, 20) of the at least one lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10), the union between each of the two slats (14, 18; 16, 20) and the at minus a cross bar (24) a groove-tab joint. 13. Lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the slats (14, 16, 18, 20) flat panel fillings (52) are arranged, the fillings being guided panel (52) in accommodation slots (54) arranged in the slats (14, 16, 18, 20) and along the longitudinal extension of the slats (14, 16, 18, 20). 14. Lateral element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slats (14, 16, 18, 20) are covered with panels or a sheet, preferably plastic. 15. Transport packaging (1) having four lateral elements (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims as well as a background element (2) and / or a cover element (12). 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 16. Transport packaging (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that the adjacent side elements (4, 6; 6, 8; 8, 10; 10, 4) have recessed joints or groove-recess joints along their common songs. 17. Transport packaging (1) according to claim 15 or 16, side element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom element (2) and / or the cover element (12 ) is configured as a side element according to one of claims 1 to 14. 18. Transport packaging (1) according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the bottom element (2) is connected with at least one slat (14, 16, 18, 20) of the at least one side element ( 4, 6, 8, 10). 19. Transport packaging (1) according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the at least one side element (4, 6, 8, 10) has an essentially rectangular shape, and is configured as an open frame (22) , the open ends of the frame (22) being joined with the bottom element (2), preferably by groove-tongue joints. 20. Transport packaging (1) according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the bottom element (2) has a lower coupling construction (34) and is preferably a wooden pale. 21. Transport packaging (1) according to one of claims 15 to 20, which has four lateral elements (4, 6, 8, 10) joined with the bottom element (2) and between them, which in each case have a frame of wooden slats joined between sf (14, 16, 18, 20), are essentially arranged at right angles between sf and with respect to the bottom element (2) and are joined together by pairs in pairs in common edges (38), characterized in that the lateral elements (4, 6, 8, 10) are connected by tongue-and-groove joints. 22. Transport packaging (1) according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that a cover element (12) is provided on the lateral elements (4, 6, 8, 10), which has a frame of joined wooden slats between sf (14, 16, 18, 20), the joints (26, 28) of the slats (14, 16, 18, 20) of the cover element (12) being configured as tongue-groove joints.