ES2646777T3 - Derivados de pirimidina, piridina y pirazina amida sustituidos con tiazol o imidazol y compuestos relacionados como inhibidores de ABL1, ABL2 y BCR-ABL1 para el tratamiento del cáncer, infecciones víricas específicas y trastornos específicos del CNS - Google Patents
Derivados de pirimidina, piridina y pirazina amida sustituidos con tiazol o imidazol y compuestos relacionados como inhibidores de ABL1, ABL2 y BCR-ABL1 para el tratamiento del cáncer, infecciones víricas específicas y trastornos específicos del CNS Download PDFInfo
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- ES2646777T3 ES2646777T3 ES13730654.4T ES13730654T ES2646777T3 ES 2646777 T3 ES2646777 T3 ES 2646777T3 ES 13730654 T ES13730654 T ES 13730654T ES 2646777 T3 ES2646777 T3 ES 2646777T3
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- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D409/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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Abstract
Un compuesto de la fórmula (I):**Fórmula** en donde: Y en cada presentación se selecciona independientemente a partir de N y CH; Y1 se selecciona a partir de N y CR5; en donde R5 se selecciona a partir de hidrógeno, metoxilo e imidazolilo; en donde el imidazolilo está insustituido o sustituido con metilo; R1 es un anillo de heteroarilo de 5 a 9 miembros que incorpora de uno a cuatro átomos de nitrógeno, oxígeno o azufre, en donde no más de uno de los átomos se selecciona a partir de un oxígeno o azufre; en donde el heteroarilo de R1 está insustituido o sustituido con 1 a 3 grupos R6; R2 se selecciona a partir de hidrógeno, halógeno, hidroxilo, alquilo de 1 a 4 átomos de carbono, alcoxilo de 1 a 4 átomos de carbono, metoxi-carbonilo, 3,6-dihidro-2H-piran-4-ilo, tetrahidro-2H-piran-4-ilo, tetrahidro-2H-piran-4-iloxilo y ciclobutilo; en donde este alquilo de 1 a 4 átomos de carbono, alcoxilo de 1 a 4 átomos de carbono, ciclobutilo o tetrahidro-2Hpiran- 4-ilo de R2 puede estar insustituido o sustituido con 1 a 3 grupos seleccionados independientemente a partir de halógeno, hidroxilo, ciano, alcoxilo de 1 a 4 átomos de carbono, morfolino, piperazinilo y NR5aR5b; en donde R5a se selecciona a partir de hidrógeno y alquilo de 1 a 4 átomos de carbono; y R5b se selecciona a partir de hidroxi-etilo; en donde el sustituyente de piperazinilo de R2 puede estar insustituido o adicionalmente sustituido con alquilo de 1 a 4 átomos de carbono; R3 se selecciona a partir de hidrógeno y halógeno; R4 se selecciona a partir de -SF5 e -Y2-CF2-Y3; R6 en cada presentación se selecciona independientemente a partir de hidrógeno, hidroxilo, alquilo de 1 a 4 átomos de carbono, alcoxilo de 1 a 4 átomos de carbono, ciano, trifluoro-metilo, halógeno, amino, metil-carbonilo, metoxi carbonilo, ciclopropilo y pirrolidinil-metilo; en donde este alquilo de 1 a 4 átomos de carbono, o alcoxilo de 1 a 4 átomos de carbono de R6 está insustituido o sustituido con 1 a 3 grupos independientemente seleccionados a partir de halógeno e hidroxilo; Y2 se selecciona a partir de CF2, O y S(O)0-2; e Y3 se selecciona a partir de hidrógeno, halógeno, metilo, difluoro-metilo y trifluoro-metilo; Y4 se selecciona a partir de N y CR2; Y5 e Y6 se seleccionan independientemente a partir de N, CR5 o CF; en donde R5 se selecciona a partir de hidrógeno y halógeno; con la condición de que, cuando Y4 es N, Y5, Y6 e Y1 son cada uno CR5; o las sales farmacéuticamente aceptables del mismo; con la condición de que los compuestos de la fórmula I no incluyen 3-(2-amino-quinazolin-6- il)-4-metil-N-(4-(trifluoro-metoxi)-fenil)-benzamida y 3-(2-amino-quinazolin-6-il)-5-bromo-N-(4-(trifluoro-metoxi)-fenil)- benzamida, para uso en el tratamiento del cáncer, una infección de virus seleccionada de un virus de la viruela y una infección por el virus del Ébola o un trastorno del CNS mediado por c-ABL seleccionado de la enfermedad de Alzheimer y Pick.
Description
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imagen14 O
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63). Estos dos estudios también mostraron que en los modelos celulares o animales de la enfermedad de Parkinson, la inhibición farmacológica de la quinasa c-ABL o la eliminación genética de ABL, impidió la fosforilación de tirosina de la parquina, y restauró su actividad de ligasa E3 y su función citoprotectora, tanto in vitro como in vivo. Estos resultados indican que la fosforilación de tirosina dependiente de c-ABL de la parquina es una modificación mayor posterior a la traducción que conduce a la pérdida de la función de parquina y al progreso de la enfermedad en la enfermedad de Parkinson (PD) esporádica. Por consiguiente, se puede esperar que la capacidad de los compuestos de la invención para inhibir el sitio de enlace de miristato de ABL1, ofrezca nuevas oportunidades terapéuticas para bloquear el progreso de la enfermedad de Parkinson.
La enfermedad de Alzheimer se caracteriza por dos características principales: los depósitos extracelulares del amiloide-ß neurotóxico que conduce al desarrollo de la placa amiloide, y la acumulación intracelular de la tau hiperfosforilada que contribuye al desarrollo de madejas neurofibrilares (NFTs).
El nivel de amiloide-ß se reduce en seguida del tratamiento intratecal con Gleevec® en el cerebro de cobayos de tipo silvestre y en los modelos celulares (Netzer WJ, Dou F, Cai D, Veach D, Jean S, Li Y, Bornmann WG, Clarkson B, Xu H, Greengard P. Gleevec inhibits beta-amiloide production but not Notch cleavage. Proc Natl Acad Sci EUA. 14 de octubre de 2003; 100(21): 12444-9). El mismo grupo propuso que Gleevec® logra su efecto reductor de amiloideß por medio de un nuevo mecanismo que previene la interacción de GSAP con el sustrato de gamma-secretasa, APP-CTF (He G, Luo W, Li P, Remmers C, Netzer WJ, Hendrick J, Bettayeb K, Flajolet M, Gorelick F, Wennogle LP, Greengard P. Gamma-secretase activating protein is a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Nature. 2 de septiembre de 2010; 467(7311): 95-8). En este estudio, el efecto de Gleevec® para inhibir GSAP/APP-CTF solamente se vio en concentraciones micromolares. Otro grupo mostró que la fosforilación de tirosina del dominio intracelular APP (es decir, Tyr682) regula el procesamiento amiloidogénico de APP que acelera la formación de amiloide-ß in vivo (Barbagallo AP, Weldon R, Tamayev R, Zhou D, Giliberto L, Foreman O, D'Adamio L. Tyr(682) in the intracellular domain of APP regulates amyloidogenic APP processing in vivo. PLoS One. 16 de noviembre de 2010; 5(11): e15503). Otros estudios mostraron que APP es fosforilada por tirosina en las células que expresan una forma constitutivamente activa del oncogén de ABL (Zambrano N, Bruni P, Minopoli G, Mosca R, Molino D, Russo C, Schettini G, Sudol M, Russo T. The beta-amyloid precursor protein APP is tyrosine-phosphorylated in cells expressing a constitutively active form of the ABL protoncogene. J Biol Chem. 8 de junio de 2001; 276(23): 1978792). Estos datos juntos sugieren un procesamiento de APP amiloidogénico dependiente de c-ABL para la formación del péptido amiloide-ß tóxico, y las subsiguientes placas amiloideas. Por consiguiente, se esperaría que un inhibidor de c-ABL reduzca la formación de placa amiloidea en los pacientes de Alzheimer.
Se ha demostrado que Tau es fosforilada por la quinasa c-ABL en las tirosinas 18, 197, 310, y 394 en los modelos celulares, y se ha demostrado que tau pY394 está presente en las lesiones de las madejas neurofibrilares (NFTs) en el cerebro de los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer (AD).
La c-ABL se activa en el cerebro de los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer esporádica, como se muestra por su fosforilación ya sea en Y412, un indicador de la activación, que co-localiza la degeneración granulovacuolar, o en T735 que se co-localiza con las lesiones típicas, las placas amiloideas, las madejas neurofibrilares (NFTs) en adición a GVD. El amiloide-ß y la tensión oxidativa activan la quinasa c-ABL en los cultivos neuronales, y la inyección intracerebral del péptido amiloide fibrilar conduce a un aumento de la expresión de c-ABL y un efector corriente abajo p73. Los ratones transgénicos (el modelo de enfermedad de Alzheimer (AD) de ratón APP/Swe), mostró niveles más altos de c-ABL en su cerebro y, cuando estos ratones se trataron con el inhibidor de c-ABL Gleevec®, disminuyó la fosforilación de tau en sus cerebros. Un modelo de ratón transgénico que expresaba la c-ABL constitutivamente activa en las neuronas del cerebro anterior, exhibió pérdida neuronal, neuroinflamación grave, y fosforilación de tirosina de tau en el cerebro (para una revisión, véase Schlatterer SD, Acker CM, Davies P. c-ABL in neurodegenerative disease. J Mol Neurosci. Noviembre de 2011; 45(3): 445-52).
Basándose en todos estos resultados, existe evidencia de una función para la quinasa c-ABL en la patogénesis de Alzheimer para el desarrollo de ambas lesiones, las placas amiloideas y las madejas neurofibrilares.
Además, también está presente la c-ABL activada en otras taupatías además de Alzheimer esporádica, incluyendo en el cerebro de los pacientes con demencia fronto-temporal con N279K y mutaciones P301L, enfermedad de Pick, y demencia por Parkinson Guam (Schlatterer SD, Acker CM, Davies P. c-Abl in neurodegenerative disease. J Mol Neurosci. Noviembre de 2011; 45(3): 445-52).
Por consiguiente, los compuestos de la presente invención, mediante la inhibición de c-ABL en el sistema nervioso central (CNS), representan un planteamiento válido para el desarrollo de terapias contra la enfermedad de Alzheimer, así como otras ß-amiloidosis, tales como demencia vascular y otras taupatías, tales como demencia fronto-temporal y enfermedad de Picks.
La enfermedad de Niemann-Pick tipo C (NPC) es un trastorno recesivo autosomal fatal caracterizado por la acumulación de colesterol libre y glicosfingolípidos en el sistema endosomal-lisosomal, y por la muerte neuronal progresiva, en particular de las neuronas de Purkinje cerebelares. En un modelo de enfermedad de Niemann-Pick
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general, las formulaciones se preparan poniendo en asociación de una manera uniforme e íntima un compuesto de la presente invención con los vehículos líquidos, o con los vehículos sólidos finamente divididos, o con ambos, y entonces, si es necesario, se configura el producto.
Las formulaciones de la invención adecuadas para su administración oral pueden estar en la forma de cápsulas, pastillas, píldoras, tabletas, grageas (utilizando una base saborizada, usualmente sacarosa y acacia o tragacanto), polvos, gránulos, o como una solución, suspensión o dispersión sólida en un líquido acuoso o no acuoso, o como una emulsión líquida de aceite en agua o de agua en aceite, o como un elíxir o jarabe, o como pastillas (utilizando una base inerte, tal como gelatina y glicerina, o sacarosa y acacia) y/o como enjuagues bucales y similares, cada uno conteniendo una cantidad previamente determinada de un compuesto de la presente invención, como un ingrediente activo. Un compuesto de la presente invención también se puede administrar como un bolo, electuario o pasta.
En las formas de dosificación sólidas de la invención, para su administración oral (cápsulas, tabletas, píldoras, grageas, polvos, gránulos, trociscos, y similares), el ingrediente activo se mezcla con uno o más vehículos farmacéuticamente aceptables, tales como citrato de sodio o difosfato de calcio, y/o cualquiera de los siguientes: (1) rellenos o extensores, tal como almidones, lactosa, sacarosa, glucosa, manitol, y/o ácido silícico; (2) aglutinantes, tales como, por ejemplo, carboxi-metil-celulosa, alginatos, gelatina, polivinil-pirrolidona, sacarosa y/o acacia; (3) humectantes, tales como glicerol; (4) agentes desintegrantes, tales como agar-agar, carbonato de calcio, almidón de papa o de tapioca, ácido algínico, ciertos silicatos, y carbonato de sodio; (5) agentes retardantes de solución, tales como parafina; (6) aceleradores de absorción, tales como compuestos de amonio cuaternario, y tensoactivos, tales como poloxámero y lauril-sulfato de sodio; (7) agentes humectantes, tales como, por ejemplo, alcohol cetílico, monoestearato de glicerol, y tensoactivos no iónicos; (8) absorbentes, tales como caolín y arcilla de bentonita; (9) lubricantes, tales como talco, estearato de calcio, estearato de magnesio, polietilenglicoles sólidos, lauril-sulfato de sodio, estearato de zinc, estearato de sodio, ácido esteárico, y mezclas de los mismos; (10) agentes colorantes; y
(11) agentes de liberación controlada, tales como crospovidona o etil-celulosa. En el caso de las cápsulas, tabletas y píldoras, las composiciones farmacéuticas también pueden comprender agentes reguladores. Las composiciones sólidas de un tipo similar también se pueden emplear como rellenos en las cápsulas de gelatina de cubierta blanda y dura utilizando excipientes tales como lactosa o azúcares de leche, así como polietilenglicoles de alto peso molecular, y similares.
Una tableta se puede hacer mediante compresión o moldeo, opcionalmente con uno o más ingredientes auxiliares. Las tabletas comprimidas se pueden preparar utilizando un aglutinante (por ejemplo, gelatina o hidroxi-metilcelulosa), diluyente inerte, conservador, desintegrante (por ejemplo, glicolato de almidón de sodio o carboxi-metilcelulosa de sodio reticulada), agente de actividad superficial o de dispersión. Las tabletas moldeadas se pueden hacer mediante el moldeo, en una máquina adecuada, de una mezcla del compuesto en polvo humedecido con un diluyente líquido inerte.
Las tabletas, y otras formas de dosificación sólidas de las composiciones farmacéuticas de la presente invención, tales como grageas, cápsulas, píldoras, y gránulos, opcionalmente se pueden marcar o preparar con recubrimientos y cubiertas, tales como recubrimientos hemisféricos y otros recubrimientos bien conocidos en la técnica de la formulación farmacéutica. También se pueden formular para proporcionar una liberación lenta o controlada del ingrediente activo en las mismas, utilizando, por ejemplo, hidroxi-propil-metil-celulosa en diferentes proporciones para proporcionar el perfil de liberación deseado, otras matrices poliméricas, liposomas y/o microesferas. Se pueden formular para liberación rápida, por ejemplo, se pueden secar por congelación. Se pueden esterilizar, por ejemplo, mediante filtración a través de un filtro de retención de bacterias, o mediante la incorporación de agentes esterilizantes en la forma de composiciones sólidas estériles que se pueden disolver en agua estéril, o en algún otro medio inyectable estéril inmediatamente antes de usarse. Estas composiciones también pueden contener opcionalmente agentes opacificantes, y pueden ser de una composición tal que liberen los ingredientes activos solamente, o preferencialmente, en cierta porción del tracto gastrointestinal, opcionalmente en una forma retardada. Los ejemplos de las composiciones de empotramiento que se pueden utilizar incluyen sustancias poliméricas y ceras. El ingrediente activo también puede estar en una forma microencapsulada, si es apropiado, con uno o más excipientes anteriormente descritos.
Las formas de dosificación líquidas para administración oral de los compuestos de la invención incluyen emulsiones, microemulsiones, soluciones, suspensiones, jarabes, y elíxires farmacéuticamente aceptables. En adición al ingrediente activo, las formas de dosificación líquidas pueden contener diluyentes inertes comúnmente utilizados en este campo, tales como, por ejemplo, agua u otros solventes, agentes solubilizantes y emulsionantes, tales como alcohol etílico, alcohol isopropílico, carbonato de etilo, acetato de etilo, alcohol bencílico, benzoato de bencilo, propilenglicol, 1,3-butilen-glicol, aceites (en particular, aceites de semilla de algodón, de cacahuate, de maíz, de germen, de oliva, de ricino, y de ajonjolí), glicerol, alcohol tetrahidrofurílico, polietilen-glicoles y ésteres de ácidos grasos de sorbitán, y mezclas de los mismos.
Además de los diluyentes inertes, las composiciones orales también pueden incluir adyuvantes, tales como agentes humectantes, agentes emulsionantes y de suspensión, agentes edulcorantes, saborizantes, colorantes,
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- 4-fluoro-3-(pirimidin-5-il)-N-(4-(trifluorometoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 18.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 2.58 minutos, m/z = 378.1 [M+H]+, m/z =376.1 [M-H].
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- 4-fluoro-3-(2-metoxi-pirimidin-5-il)-N-(4(trifluoro-metoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 18.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 2.87 minutos, m/z = 408.1 [M+H]+, m/z = 406.2 [M-H].
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- 4-fluoro-3-(piridin-3-il)-N-(4-(trifluorometoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 18.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 2.42 minutos, m/z = 377.1 [M+H]+, m/z = 375.1 [M-H]-¹H-RMN (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 7.39 (d, 2 H) 7.58 (dd, J = 10.3, 8.8 Hz, 1 H) 7.71 (dd, J = 7.9, 5.0 Hz, 1 H) 7.89 (d, 2 H) 8.10 (ddd, J = 8.4, 4.9, 2.3 Hz, 1 H) 8.25 (td, J = 7.7, 1.7 Hz, 2 H) 8.74 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1 H) 8.96 (s, 1 H) 10.51 (s, 1 H).
44
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- Estructura/Nombre Etapa Analítica
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- 4-fluoro-3-(piridin-4-il)-N-(4-(trifluorometoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 18.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 2.15 minutos, m/z =377.1 [M+H]+, m/z =375.1 [M-H].
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- 4-fluoro-3-(1-metil-1H-pirazol-4-il)-N-(4(trifluoro-metoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 18.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 2.76 minutos, m/z = 380.1 [M+H]+, m/z = 378.1 [M-H]-¹H-RMN (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 3.91 (s, 3 H) 7.32 -7.48 (m, 3 H) 7.78 -7.85 (m, 1 H) 7.87 (d, 2 H) 7.98 (s, 1 H) 8.23 (d, 1 H) 8.26 (dd, 1 H) 10.44 (br. s, br. s, 1 H).
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- 4-fluoro-3-(1H-pirazol-3-il)-N-(4-(trifluorometoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 18.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 2.64 minutos, m/z = 366.1 [M+H]+, m/z = 364.1 [M-H].
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- 4-cloro-3-(pirimidin-5-il)-N-(4-(trifluorometoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 24.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 2.73 minutos, m/z = 394.0 [M+H]+, m/z = 392.1 [M-H]
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- 4-cloro-3-(2-metoxi-pirimidin-5-il)-N-(4(trifluoro-metoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 24.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 3.02 minutos, m/z =424.1 [M+H]+, m/z =422.2 [M-H]
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- 4-cloro-3-(piridin-3-il)-N-(4-(trifluorometoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 24.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 2.38 minutos, m/z = 393.1 [M+H]+, m/z = 391.2 [M-H]-¹H-RMN (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 7.38 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2 H) 7.66 (dd, J = 7.8, 4.9 Hz, 1 H) 7.82 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H) 7.88 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 2 H) 8.05 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.2 Hz, 1 H) 8.10 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1 H) 8.11 -8.14 (m, 1 H) 8.72 (dd, J = 4.9, 1.5 Hz, 1 H) 8.81 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1 H) 10.52 (s, 1 H).
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- 4-cloro-3-(piridin-4-il)-N-(4-(trifluorometoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 24.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 2.61 minutos, m/z = 393.1 [M+H]+, m/z = 391.2 [M-H].
- 28
- 4-cloro-3-(1-metil-1H-pirazol-4-il)-N-(4(trifluoro-metoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 24.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 2.89 minutos, m/z = 396.0 [M+H]+, m/z = 394.1 [M-H].
46
- Ej.
- Estructura/Nombre Etapa Analítica
- 29
- 4-cloro-3-(1H-pirazol-3-il)-N-(4-(trifluorometoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 24.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 2.79 minutos, m/z = 382.0 [M+H]+, m/z = 380.1 [M-H].
- 30
- 4-metoxi-3-(pirimidin-5-il)-N-(4-(trifluorometoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 30.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 2.54 minutos, m/z = 390.1 [M+H]+, m/z = 388.1 [M-H].
- 31
- 4-metoxi-3-(piridin-3-il)-N-(4-(trifluorometoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 30.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 2.08 minutos, m/z = 389.1 [M+H]+, m/z = 387.2 [M-H]-¹H-RMN (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 3.90 (s, 3 H) 7.36 (t, J = 9.5 Hz, 3 H) 7.72 (dd, J = 8.1, 5.1 Hz, 1 H) 7.88 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2 H) 8.06 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1 H) 8.10 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.3 Hz, 1 H) 8.27 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1 H) 8.70 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1 H) 8.91 (s, 1 H) 10.34 (s, 1 H).
- 32
- 3-(6-fluoro-piridin-3-il)-4-metoxi-N-(4(trifluoro-metoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 30.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 6) tR = 2.31 minutos, m/z = 407.3 [M+H]+ .
- 33
- 4-metoxi-3-(piridin-4-il)-N-(4-(trifluorometoxi)-fenil)-benzamida 30.1 UPLC-MS (Condición 1) tR = 1.93 minutos, m/z = 389.1 [M+H]+, m/z = 387.1 [M-H].
47
fragmentos de ADN para ABL1 (1a isoforma, con una marca-His6 N-terminal, seguida por un sitio de disociación de proteasa PreScission), y la fosfatasa de tirosina de las proteínas-1B humana (residuos 1-283, no marcada), utilizando el vector de expresión doble pCDF Duet-1 (Novagen). La His-ABL se expresó en E.coli BL21 (DE3), y las proteínas de ABL se aislaron por afinidad con Ni en una columna de Ni-NTA (Qiagen). La marca-His se removió mediante la proteasa PreScission (GE Healthcare), y la ABL no fosforilada se purificó adicionalmente en un Mono Q HR 10/10 (GE Healthcare, La ABL mono-fosforilada es de aproximadamente el 10 al 20 % de la proteína de ABL total), y en una columna de exclusión por tamaños HiLoad 16/60 Superdex 200 (GE Healthcare). Las proteínas ABL64-515 no fosforiladas se analizaron mediante análisis espectroscópico de masas y se congelaron instantáneamente en alícuotas, y se almacenaron a –80°C. La SRC (aminoácidos 83-535 o Src83-535) se expresó y se purificó como ya se ha descrito (S.W. Cowan-Jacob, G. Fendrich, P.W. Manley, W. Jahnke, D. Fabbro, J. Liebetanz, T. Meyer, c-Src crystal structure provides insights into c-Src activation. Structure 13 (2005) 861-871).
Radio-Ensayo de ABL1 (64-515)
Para la determinación de la actividad de quinasa de ABL, se utilizó el ensayo radiométrico de enlace al filtro. El ensayo se llevó a cabo mediante la mezcla de 10 microlitros del compuesto previamente diluido con 10 microlitros de ATP (ATP 20 µM con 0.1 µCi de [γ-33P]-ATP) con el péptido fosfo-aceptor de poli-[Ala6Glu2LysHBr5Tyr1] = poliAEKY) en Tris/HCl 20 mM, pH de 7.5, DTT 1 mM, MgCl2 10 mM, Na3VO4 0.01 mM, NaCl 50 mM. Se agregaron 10 microlitros de enzima (en el intervalo de entre 5 nM y 20 nM), para iniciar la reacción. La incubación previa de la enzima con los compuestos (cuando se menciona) se llevó a cabo exponiendo la enzima a los compuestos antes de la adición de la mezcla de sustrato (ATP y/o sustrato peptídico). Después de 15 minutos a temperatura ambiente, la reacción se interrumpió mediante la adición de 50 microlitros de EDTA 125 mM, y el 33P enlazado al péptido se separó sobre placas de filtro (PVDF o MAIP; Millipore, Volketswil, Suiza) preparadas de acuerdo con las instrucciones del fabricante. Las placas de filtro se lavaron 3 veces con H3PO4 al 0.5 %, seguido por la adición de 30 microlitros de cóctel de centelleo (Microscint, Perkin Elmer) por pozo, y entonces se analizaron en un contador de centelleos TopCount NXT (Perkin Elmer). Los resultados se expresaron como los valores IC50. Los valores Km para ATP se determinaron mediante el ensayo de la quinasa ABL con concentraciones crecientes de ATP y manteniendo el sustrato de proteína aceptor exógeno (poli-AEKY) en una concentración constante (a aproximadamente 2 veces su Km), y viceversa. Las Km y Vmax se calcularon de acuerdo con Eadie-Hofstee, como se describe (D. Fabbro, G. Fendrich, V. Guez, T. Meyer, P. Furet, J. Mestan, J.D. Griffin, P.W. Manley, S.W. Cowan-Jacob, Targeted therapy with imatinib: An exception or a rule? Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 167, Inhibitors of Protein Kinases and Protein Phosphates (2005) 361-389). Los datos se graficaron como V contra V/S, en donde V es la velocidad de la reacción en una concentración dada del sustrato (S), y se ajustó a una línea recta utilizando el análisis de regresión lineal, en donde la pendiente de la línea corresponde a la -Km, y la intercepción Y representa la Vmax.
Ensayo Caliper de ABL1 (64-515)
Todos los ensayos se llevaron a cabo en placas de microtitulación de 384 pozos. Cada placa de ensayo contuvo diluciones en serie de 8 puntos para los 40 compuestos de prueba, así como cuatro diluciones en serie de 8 puntos de estaurosporina como un compuesto de referencia, más 16 controles altos y 16 controles bajos. El manejo de líquidos y los pasos de incubación se hicieron en una estación de trabajo Thermo CatX equipada con Innovadyne Nanodrop Express.Entre los pasos de pipeteo, las puntas se limpiaron en ciclos de lavado utilizando un regulador de lavado.
Las placas de ensayo se prepararon mediante la adición de 50 nanolitros por pozo de la solución del compuesto en sulfóxido de dimetilo (DMSO) al 90 %. Las reacciones de quinasa se iniciaron mediante la adición por pasos de 4.5 microlitros por pozo de la solución de péptido/ATP (HEPES 50 mM, pH de 7.5, DTT 1 mM, albúmina de suero bovino (BSA) al 0.02 %, sulfóxido de dimetilo (DMSO) al 0.6 %, beta-glicerofosfato 10 mM, y orto-vanadato de sodio 10 µM, MgCl2 20 mM, MnCl2 2 mM, ATP 4 µM, péptido 4 µM (FITC-Ahx-EAIYAAPFAKKK-NH2)), y 4.5 microlitros por pozo de la solución enzimática (HEPES 50 mM, pH de 7.5, DTT 1 mM, albúmina de suero bovino (BSA) al 0.02 %, sulfóxido de dimetilo (DMSO) al 0.6 %, beta-glicerofosfato 10 mM, y orto-vanadato de sodio 10 µM, MgCl2 20 mM, MnCl2 2 mM, ABL 3.5 nM (ABL(64-515), producida en la empresa a partir de E. coli)). Las reacciones de quinasa se incubaron a 30°C durante 60 minutos, y subsiguientemente se terminaron mediante la adición de 16 micro-litros por pozo de la solución de paro (Hepes 100 mM, pH de 7.5, sulfóxido de dimetilo (DMSO) al 5 %, reactivo de recubrimiento Caliper al 0.1 %, EDTA 10 mM, y Brij35 al 0.015 %). Las placas con las reacciones de quinasa terminadas se transfirieron a las estaciones de trabajo Caliper LC3000 para su lectura. Los péptidos fosforilados y no fosforilados se separaron utilizando la tecnología de cambio de movilidad microfluida Caliper. Dicho de una manera breve, las muestras a partir de las reacciones de quinasa terminadas se aplicaron al chip. Los analitos se transportaron a través del chip mediante un flujo constante del regulador, y se monitoreó la migración del sustrato peptídico mediante la señal de fluorescencia de su marca. El péptido fosforilado (producto), y el péptido no fosforilado (sustrato) se separaron en un campo eléctrico mediante su proporción de carga/masa. Las actividades de quinasa se calcularon a partir de las cantidades del fosfo-péptido formado. Los valores IC50 se determinaron a partir de los valores del porcentaje de inhibición en diferentes concentraciones de los compuestos mediante el análisis de regresión no lineal.
74
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
de 384 pozos utilizando el dosificador de líquidos Janus (PerkinElmer). El compuesto se suministró a las placas de ensayo que contenían 2,500 células en un volumen de 50 microlitros por medio de un suministro Acoustic a partir de un ATS-100 (EDC). Para los ensayos de las células Ba/F3-BCR-ABL1-WT, se transfirieron 2 nanolitros de la dilución de cada compuesto a la placa de ensayo para obtener concentraciones finales del ensayo de 0.4 µM, 0.13 µM, 0.044 µM, 0.015 µM, 0.005 µM, 0.001 µM, 0.00033 µM, 0.00011 µM, 0.000037 µM, 0.000012 µM. Para los ensayos de las células Ba/F3-WT y Ba/F3-BCR-ABL1-T315I, se transfirieron 50 nanolitros de la dilución de cada compuesto a la placa de ensayo para obtener las concentraciones finales del ensayo de 10 µM, 3.33 µM, 1.11 µM, 0.37 µM, 0.12 µM, 0.041 µM, 0.014 µM, 0.0046 µM, 0.0015 µM, 0.00051 µM.
Las células se incubaron a 37°C en un medio ambiente humidificado con dióxido de carbono al 5 % durante 48 horas. Se preparó la solución Britelite plus (Perkin Elmer) de acuerdo con las instrucciones del fabricante, y se agregaron 25 microlitros a cada pozo de la placa de ensayo. Las placas se incubaron durante 3 a 5 minutos, y se detectó la luminiscencia en un lector de placas EnVision Multimode (Perkin Elmer). El grado de luminiscencia se correlacionó con el número de células en cada pozo. Por consiguiente, se pudo calcular el efecto de la concentración de cada inhibidor, y se generaron los valores IC50.
Determinación de la concentración del compuesto en cerebro de ratón
Homogeneización de cerebro: Aproximadamente dos partes en volumen de metanol (MeOH)/agua (2/8, volumen/volumen) se agregaron a las muestras de cerebro previamente pesadas (aproximadamente 250 miligramos), y subsiguientemente se homogeneizaron utilizando un instrumento CovarisMR . Una alícuota de 50 microlitros se sometió a la precipitación de la proteína y al análisis como se describe a continuación.
Procesamiento de la muestra: Las alícuotas de cincuenta microlitros sangre o de homogenado de cerebro a partir de los animales tratados con inhibidores de c-ABL se salpicaron primero con 5 microlitros del estándar interno (N-(4metil-3-((4-(6-metil-piridin-3-il)-pirimidin-2-il)-amino)-fenil)-4-((4-metil-piperazin-1-il)-metil)-benzamida para el modo del ion positivo, y 5-cloro-N-(4-(N-(ciclohexil-carbamoil)-sulfamoil)-fenetil)-2-metoxi-benzamida para el modo del ion negativo, respectivamente), subsiguientemente se desproteinaron mediante la adición de MeCN (200 microlitros), se centrifugaron, el sobrenadante se evaporó a sequedad, y se volvió a disolver en 100 microlitros de MeOH/agua (1/1, volumen/volumen). Cinco microlitros se sometieron a análisis de HPLC-MS/MS. La separación cromatográfica de los contaminantes endógenos y exógenos de interferencia se logró sobre una columna de HPLC en fase inversa PhenomenexMR Polar RP (tamaño de partículas: 2.5 micras; dimensión de la columna: 2 x 50 milímetros), utilizando un gradiente lineal del 100 % de agua que contenía ácido fórmico al 1 % (A), y metanol (MeOH) complementado con ácido fórmico al 1 % (B), que se ejecutó durante 6.0 minutos con el 5 % al 90 % de B, y entonces se mantuvo hasta el 100 % de B durante 1.0 minutos, y una ejecución posterior subsiguiente durante 1.5 minutos con re-equilibración de la columna. La columna se mantuvo a 50°C. El flujo de 350 microlitros/ minuto a partir del sistema de HPLC (bomba Flux Rheos Allegro LC y automuestreador CTC Pal) se introdujo directamente en la fuente de iones de un detector de MS FinniganMR Quantum Ultra (analizador de masas de cuadrupolo de triple etapa), y se sometió a ionización por electroaspersión calentada (HESI). Los inhibidores de c-ABL se detectaron específicamente utilizando monitoreo de múltiples reacciones a partir de su ion progenitor casi-molecular ([M+H]+ o [M-H]-) hasta iones hijos específicos, como se da en la siguiente Tabla. La cuantificación de los niveles de los compuestos inhibidores de c-ABL en sangre y cerebro se basó en una curva de calibración de 6 niveles hecha por triplicado.
- Ejemplo #
- Ion Progenitor Progenitor [m/z] Iones Hijos [m/z] CE [eV] RT [min]
- 1
- [M-H] 358.0 134.0, 155.0, 289.0 41, 28, 27 5.5
- 10
- [M-H] 374.0 134.0, 289.0 37, 26 5.7
- 11
- [M+H]+ 376.1 183.2, 277.1, 335.1 26, 21, 7 5.8
- 13
- [M-H] 402.0 85.0, 134.0, 333.1 32, 40, 29 5.8
76
- Ejemplo #
- Ion Progenitor Progenitor [m/z] Iones Hijos [m/z] CE [eV] RT [min]
- 15
- [M+H]+ 373.0 196.0, 287.0 34, 27 5.0
- 17
- [M-H] 377.0 174.0, 308.0 28, 29 5.8
- 30
- [M-H] 388.0 170.0, 372.0 39, 28 5.6
- 74
- [M+H]+ 360.0 128.0, 155.1, 183.0 55, 45, 35 5.0
- CE: Energía de colisión. RT: Tiempo de retención.
Los compuestos de la invención muestran valores IC50 en el intervalo de 1 nM a 750 nM para la inhibición de actividad de quinasa Abl en un enlace de filtro radiométrico (Radio). Para un ensayo de cambio de movilidad microfluida (Caliper), los valores IC50 se pueden encontrar en el intervalo de 1 nM a 1 µM. Para el ensayo de 5 proliferación celular Ba/F3-BCR-ABL1-WT, los valores GI50 se pueden encontrar en el intervalo de 1 nM a 2 µM. Algunos compuestos muestran una actividad submicromolar en el ensayo de proliferación de Ba/F3-BCR-ABL1-T315I (100-900 nM). Además, algunos compuestos de la invención tienen una concentración más alta en el cerebro [pmol·g-1] que en el plasma [pmol·mL-1] en seguida de una sola dosis de 1 miligramo/kilogramo en los ratones. Los ejemplos de los resultados sobre la concentración de los fármacos medida en las muestras tomadas 5 minutos 10 después de una dosis intravenosa de 1 miligramo/kilogramo se detallan en la siguiente Tabla. Para algunos compuestos, las concentraciones se pueden encontrar en el intervalo de 4,000 pmol·g-1 a 8500 pmol·g-1 en el cerebro, y en el intervalo de 1,000 pmol·mL-1 a 5,000 pmol·mL-1 en el plasma, con una proporción de la concentración en cerebro a la concentración en plasma de 1 a 5. Bajo las mismas condiciones experimentales, esta proporción de los compuestos de la presente invención es hasta 100 veces más alta que la proporción de la
15 concentración en cerebro a la concentración en plasma de Gleevec®.
77 Tabla de datos bioquímicos
- Ejemplo1
- Radio ABL1 (64-515) IC50 [µM]0.0056 Caliper ABL1 (64-515) IC50 [µM]0.0034 Ejemplo28 Radio ABL1 (64-515) IC50 [µM]0.027 Caliper ABL1 (64-515) IC50 [µM] Ejemplo55 Radio ABL1 (64-515) IC50 [µM]0.717 Caliper ABL1 (64-515) IC50 [µM] 0.39
- 2
- 0.0065 29 0.0049 56 0.01 0.0099
- 3
- 0.0039 30 < 0.003 57 0.022
- 4
- 0.007 31 0.0032 58 0.049 0.0094
- 5
- 0.0031 32 0.0034 59 0.02 0.093
- 6
- 0.0033 33 0.0087 60 0.036
- 7
- < 0.003 34 0.013 61 0.0035 0.0315
- 8
- 0.0019 35 0.0099 62 0.069
- 9
- 0.022 36 0.0034 63 0.077
- 10
- 0.0095 37 0.0036 64 0.114 0.2
- 11
- < 0.003 38 < 0.003 65 0.005
- 12
- 0.233 39 < 0.003 66 0.0093
- 13
- 0.003 40 < 0.003 67 0.0012 0.0038
- 14
- 0.0085 0.0035 41 0.013 68 < 0.003 0.0016
- 15
- 0.004 42 0.0068 69 < 0.003
- 16
- 0.004 43 0.003 0.0023 70 0.013
78 79 Tabla de datos de proliferación celular para Ba/F3-BCR-ABL1-WT
- Ejemplo
- Radio ABL1 (64-515) IC50 [µM]Caliper ABL1 (64-515) IC50 [µM] Ejemplo Radio ABL1 (64-515) IC50 [µM] Caliper ABL1 (64-515) IC50 [µM] Ejemplo Radio ABL1 (64-515) IC50 [µM] Caliper ABL1 (64-515) IC50 [µM]
- 17
- 0.003 44 0.006 71 0.66
- 18
- 0.0032 45 0.003 72 0.65
- 19
- 0.012 46 0.0066 73 0.684 0.54
- 20
- 0.013 47 0.001 0.03 74 0.0087
- 21
- 0.044 48 0.009 0.0062 75 0.026
- 22
- 0.035 49 < 0.003 76 0.0029
- 23
- 0.031 50 0.0042 77 0.0049
- 24
- < 0.003 51 0.063 0.051 78 0.0039
- 25
- 0.0081 52 0.023 0.023 79 0.01
- 26
- 0.013 53 0.0089 0.022 80 0.055
- 27
- 0.031 54 0.051 0.04
- Ejemplo
- Ba/F3-BCR-ABL1-WT IC50 [µM] Ejemplo Ba/F3-BCR-ABL1-WT IC50 [µM] Ejemplo Ba/F3-BCR-ABL1-WT IC50 [µM]
- 1
- 0.150 16 0.0012 49 0.047
- 6
- 1.06 17 0.027 65 0.184
- 9
- 0.089 23 0.693 73 1.87
- 10
- 0.0021 29 0.068 74 0.030
- 11
- 0.0039 30 0.0041 75 0.038
- 12
- 0.148 34 0.077 76 0.002
- 13
- 0.0049 42 0.029 77 0.013
- 14
- 0.0021 43 0.010 78 0.007
- 15
- 0.011 48 0.018 79 0.006
80 Tabla de datos de proliferación celular para Ba/F3-BCR-ABL1-T315I
- Ejemplo
- Ba/F3-BCR-ABL1-T315I IC50 [µM] Ejemplo Ba/F3-BCR-ABL1-T315I IC50 [µM]
- 10
- 0.400 52 0.499
- 11
- 0.563 56 0.488
- 14
- 0.306 57 0.703
- 16
- 0.617 58 0.754
- 30
- 0.849 66 0.722
- 37
- 0.521 67 0.456
- 44
- 0.214 68 0.177
- 45
- 0.460 75 0.655
- 47
- 0.736 76 0.061
- 48
- 0.363 78 0.408
Tabla de concentración del fármaco en muestras de plasma [pmol·mL-1] y de cerebro [pmol·g-1] tomadas 5 minutos después de una sola inyección intravenosa de 1 miligramo/kilogramo en los ratones
- Ejemplo #
- Media sangre SD sangre Media cerebro SD cerebro Proporción Media (cerebro/plasma) SD Proporción
- 1
- 1160 51 4946 939 4.25 0.69
- 10
- 1260 26 4093 499 3.24 0.34
81 82
- Ejemplo #
- Media sangre SD sangre Media cerebro SD cerebro Proporción Media (cerebro/plasma) SD Proporción
- 11
- 1469 73 7341 830 4.99 0.36
- 13
- 3086 182 4011 706 1.29 0.16
- 15
- 2137 68 6847 642 3.20 0.20
- 17
- 3026 273 6985 1112 2.30 0.17
- 30
- 5389 265 4471 419 0.83 0.04
- 74
- 2581 157 8509 1187 3.29 0.26
- SD: Desviación estándar.
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| EP2900637B1 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
| JP2015520157A (ja) | 2015-07-16 |
| US20150141427A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
| KR102190848B1 (ko) | 2020-12-15 |
| JP6080947B2 (ja) | 2017-02-15 |
| AU2013261129A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
| MX2014013375A (es) | 2015-08-14 |
| EP2900637A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
| EA026559B1 (ru) | 2017-04-28 |
| AU2013261129B2 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
| US9315489B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 |
| US20160185733A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
| CN104334529A (zh) | 2015-02-04 |
| EA201492092A1 (ru) | 2015-03-31 |
| KR20150014452A (ko) | 2015-02-06 |
| US9458112B2 (en) | 2016-10-04 |
| WO2013171641A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
| MX357305B (es) | 2018-07-04 |
| CA2870339A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
| PL2900637T3 (pl) | 2018-01-31 |
| BR112014027584A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
| CA2870339C (en) | 2020-06-02 |
| BR112014027584B1 (pt) | 2023-01-24 |
| PT2900637T (pt) | 2017-11-15 |
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