ES2701351T3 - Apparatus and procedure for the production of mechanical parts with small size - Google Patents

Abstract

Apparatus (1; 101) for manufacturing mechanical parts comprising: at least a first piston (2) and a second piston (3) both movable and opposite each other; at least one die (4) interposed between said first plunger (2) and said second plunger (3) and intended to receive at least one semi-finished product (A) to be formed; at least one guide (5) extended between said die (4) towards said first piston (2) to feed said semi-finished product (A) into said die (4) by means of said first piston (2); at least one extended discharge channel (6) on the side of said die (4) that is opposite to said guide (5) in order to collect at least one mechanical part (B) formed and obtained from said semi-finished product (TO); and movement means (7; 8) for moving said first plunger (2) and said second plunger (3), wherein said first plunger (2) and second plunger (3) are movable between at least a first position, in which they are distal from said die (4), and a second position in which they are proximal to said die (4), in said second position having at least said second piston (3) a portion (9) of respective head inside said die (4).

Description

DESCRIPTION

Apparatus and procedure for the production of mechanical parts with small size

Field of the invention

In its most general aspect, the present invention relates to the technical field of small parts and, in particular, the so-called small workshop parts.

More particularly, the invention relates to an apparatus for the production of mechanical parts with small size such as, for example but not only, bolts, small bolts, nuts, washers, rings, plugs, tacks, pins and balls for valves , joints, reduction units, hose connection elements, ring nuts, rotating nuts and similar small mechanical parts made of metal or plastic material.

The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing mechanical parts of the aforementioned type.

State of the art

As is known, in the field of small parts and particularly so-called small metal workshop parts, small mechanical parts such as bolts, small bolts, nuts, washers, rings, plugs, tacks, pins and balls for valves, gaskets, Reduction units, hose connection elements, ring nuts, rotating nuts and the like, are generally produced through a closed mold process.

Although a method of the type mentioned above fulfills the purpose, it is not free from drawbacks which include high cost of molds, which, in practice, are manufactured by two half shells containing the impression of the mechanical part to be manufactured.

In addition, by closing the mold containing the molten metal to be formed and subsequently opening the mold with the shaped metal, undesired imperfections occur on the mechanical parts obtained, the so-called flow marks.

Again, closed mold processes require a step of ejecting the mechanical parts from the mold, which is mechanically driven by a special ejector, that is, a pin arranged in the mold and acting on the formed mechanical part, during or after the opening stage of the mold.

The use of ejectors causes other drawbacks that include the risk of developing irregularities or additional imperfections on formed mechanical parts, long residence times in the molds and, as a result, unwanted overheating of formed parts, as well as general slowing down of the molding process, and finally the structural complexity of the molds is increased and, therefore, of the complete equipment used in processes of the type considered in the present document.

The structure and operation of known apparatuses used in processes of the type considered in the present document are further complicated by the so-called pickers of parts, namely the mechanical elements also known as spoons or collectors, which move between one mold and the other, or between two half shells of a mold, to collect the shaped parts expelled from the molds.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem underlying the present invention is to provide an apparatus for manufacturing small mechanical parts, ie mechanical parts with small sizes, for example made of metal or plastic material such as, for example but not only, bolts, small bolts, nuts, washers, rings, plugs, tacks, pins and balls for valves, joints, reduction units, hose connection elements, ring nuts, rotating nuts and the like, having structural and functional characteristics such as to overcome one or more of the drawbacks mentioned above with reference to the known art.

According to the invention, the aforementioned problem is solved by an apparatus for manufacturing mechanical parts, particularly, but not exclusively, of the aforementioned type, comprising at least a first piston and a second piston, both mobile and opposed to each other; at least one die interposed between the first piston mentioned above and the second piston mentioned above and intended to receive at least one semi-finished product to be formed, for example a heated ingot made of metal or plastic material; at least one guide extended between the aforementioned punch towards the aforementioned first plunger for feeding the aforementioned semifinished product into the die mentioned above by the first plunger mentioned above; at least one discharge channel extended on the side of the aforementioned punch that is opposite to the aforementioned guide in order to collect at least one formed mechanical part obtained from the semifinished product mentioned above; and means of movement to move the first piston mentioned above and the second plunger mentioned above, wherein the first plunger and the second plunger mentioned above are movable between at least one first position, wherein they are distal to the aforementioned punch, and a second position in which they are proximal to the punch mentioned above, in the aforementioned second position having at least the aforementioned second plunger a head portion inside the die mentioned above.

According to the invention, the aforementioned apparatus can be considered substantially a type of horizontal hot extrusion apparatus, since the material to be formed, ie the semi-finished product mentioned above, heated, is introduced into the aforementioned die from one side and is formed, that is, as a finished mechanical part, from an opposite side of the aforementioned die, and passes through the previous one, as will be better understood hereafter in this document. According to the invention, said prior apparatus can also be considered a type of horizontal open die forging machine without a classic dedicated ejector and a classic dedicated part collector, since the aforementioned mechanical part is removed from the aforementioned die, which it constitutes in a precise manner a basically open die, and directly retained by said second anterior piston that cooperates in shaping the desired mechanical part, as will be evident hereinafter.

Preferably, the aforementioned apparatus comprises means of counteracting and, in particular, at least one counter element on the outside of the die mentioned above and disposed, with respect to the previous one, on the same side of the discharge channel mentioned above and which is traversed by the aforementioned second piston while the previous one is moving from the aforementioned first position to the aforementioned second position and vice versa, and which is adapted to counteract the mechanical part mentioned above, therefore, removing the previous one from the head portion mentioned above of the second piston mentioned above in particular during the movement of the second piston mentioned above from the second position mentioned above to the first position mentioned above.

Preferably, the at least one counteracting element mentioned above is a hollow body, for example a hollow cylinder, in which the second plunger mentioned above slides, and more preferably is a movable hollow body or cylinder, the second plunger mentioned above and the aforementioned movable hollow body or cylinder constituting a so-called double-stroke cylinder or telescopic cylinder on which the movement means mentioned above operate.

Preferably, the means of movement mentioned above, for example of the oleodynamic, pneumatic and electric type, comprise first movement means and second means of movement independent of each other and operating on the first piston mentioned above and, respectively, on the second mentioned piston above or the double-stroke cylinder mentioned above.

Preferably, the aforementioned apparatus comprises a plurality of first pistons and second pistons of the aforementioned type, on which the first means of movement mentioned above and, respectively, the second means of movement mentioned above operate, and a plurality of dies of the type mentioned above, each interposed between a first piston and a second piston, then a plurality of guides of the type mentioned above, one guide for each die. Preferably, the dies of the plurality of dies mentioned above are housed or are obtained in a die support member, more preferably a die support member extending between the guides mentioned above, and even more preferably combined removably with a load carrying body of the aforementioned apparatus.

Preferably, the aforementioned apparatus comprises at least a first motorized loader, for feeding a plurality of semi-finished products of the type mentioned above to the at least one guide mentioned above, thus a semi-finished product each time, or to feed, at the same time, a plurality of semifinished products to the plurality of guides mentioned above, therefore, a semi-finished product for each guide mentioned above.

Preferably, the first magazine mentioned above comprises at least a first movable slope, in which the first unevenness mentioned above can be moved between one or more first loading positions of semi-finished products and a second unloading position of semi-finished products, wherein in the aforementioned second position of unloading, the first unevenness mentioned above extends over the guides mentioned above.

Preferably, the first unevenness mentioned above comprises two essentially flat elements coupled together, essentially overlapping and at least in part sliding with respect to each other, in which the two essentially flat elements mentioned above are provided with respective openings, in which the one or more loading positions mentioned above the abovementioned respective openings are staggered, and wherein in the second discharge position mentioned above the The aforementioned respective openings are aligned with each other and aligned with the aforementioned guides.

Preferably, the aforementioned apparatus comprises a second motorized magazine opposed and substantially equal to the first magazine mentioned above, in which the second magazine mentioned above comprises at least one second mobile difference opposite and substantially equal to the first unevenness mentioned above, in which the first slope mentioned above and the second mentioned unevenness previously reciprocated in the respective second discharge positions of the semi-finished products mentioned above.

Preferably, the aforementioned apparatus comprises at least a first boundary element that selectively operates on one or the other of the two essentially planar elements mentioned above of the first boundary, and possibly comprises a second boundary element that operates selectively on one or the other of the two essentially flat elements of the second unevenness mentioned above.

Preferably, the aforementioned apparatus comprises at least a first cutting station for obtaining the at least one semi-finished product mentioned above with predetermined desired size, for example from a bar, a block, an ingot and similar pieces of large sizes to a predetermined temperature, in which the first cutting station mentioned above is arranged upstream of the at least one first magazine mentioned above.

Preferably, the aforementioned apparatus comprises a second cutting station opposite and substantially equal to the first cutting station mentioned above, wherein the second cutting station mentioned above is disposed upstream of the second magazine mentioned above. Preferably, the aforementioned apparatus comprises at least a first heating station, for example an oven, for heating rods, blocks, ingots and similar pieces of metal or plastic material, which is disposed upstream of the first cutting station mentioned above and more preferably comprises a second heating station opposite and substantially equal to the first heating station mentioned above and disposed upstream of the second cutting station mentioned above.

According to the invention, the problem mentioned above is also solved by a method for manufacturing mechanical parts of the aforementioned type, comprising the steps of: providing, at a pre-set temperature, one or more semi-finished products to be formed, for example one or more heated ingots of metal or plastic material such as for example brass, aluminum, copper and similar metals or metal alloys used in the production of small parts; feeding the one or more semi-finished products mentioned above to respective one or more guides;

transferring the one or more semifinished products mentioned above from the one or more guides mentioned above to one or more dies by respective one or more first pistons, wherein the one or more first pistons mentioned above are movable, sliding in one or more guides mentioned above and operate on the one or more semi-finished products mentioned above; moving one or more second pistons closer to the one or more dies mentioned above, wherein the one or more second pistons mentioned above are movable and opposed to the one or more first pistons mentioned above;

forming, in the one or more dies mentioned above, one or more respective mechanical parts in a pre-established manner by plastically deforming the one or more semi-finished products mentioned above operating thereon through the action of the one or more first mentioned pistons and the one or more second pistons mentioned above;

moving the one or more second pistons mentioned above in the opposite direction of the one or more dies with the consequent and simultaneous extraction thereof from the one or more mechanical parts mentioned above.

Preferably, the aforementioned method further comprises a step of:

further moving the one or more second pistons mentioned above in the opposite direction of the one or more dies mentioned above, while the one or more mechanical parts mentioned above are removed from the previous one by the action of one or more counteracting elements, the one or more counter elements mentioned above that operate respectively on the one or more mechanical parts mentioned above as the one or more second pistons mentioned above are moving further in the opposite direction of the one or more dies mentioned above; and preferably comprises a collecting step in which the one or more mechanical parts mentioned above are transported in at least one discharge channel.

Preferably, in the case of a number of semi-finished products, the semi-finished products mentioned above are simultaneously fed to the respective guides, and more preferably the movements of the respective first pistons are synchronized with each other.

Preferably, in case of a number of semi-finished products, the movements of the respective second pistons are synchronized with each other.

Preferably, the movements of the one or more first mentioned pistons and the movements of the one or more second pistons mentioned above are synchronized, or substantially synchronized, with each other.

Preferably, the aforementioned method comprises at least one cutting step, in which the semi-finished products mentioned above are obtained by cutting one or more pieces such as, for example, bars, blocks or ingots of metal material or plastic material.

Preferably, the at least one cutting step mentioned above is carried out under heat, the aforementioned method comprising, before the cutting step, at least one step of heating the one or more parts mentioned above.

Brief description of the figures

Additional features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from a review of the following description of a preferred, but not exclusive embodiment, represented alone and without limitation for purposes of illustration, with the help of the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 schematically shows a partially concealed side view of an apparatus for producing mechanical parts according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 schematically shows a partially hidden plan view of the apparatus of Figure 1;

- figure 3 shows schematically a front view of the apparatus of figure 1,

Figures 4-7 schematically show side views of an enlarged detail of the apparatus of Figure 1, during four different operation stages of manufacturing a mechanical part according to the present invention;

Figure 8 schematically shows a partially hidden plan view of the apparatus of Figure 1 according to a variation of the embodiment of the invention;

- Figure 9 schematically shows an enlarged detail of the apparatus of Figure 8;

Figure 10 schematically shows a plan view of a further enlarged detail of the apparatus of Figure 8.

Detailed description of the invention

With reference to Figures 1-7, an apparatus for manufacturing mechanical parts according to a first embodiment of the present invention is indicated as a whole by reference numeral 1 .

In particular, but not exclusively, the apparatus 1 is adapted for the realization of mechanical parts with small size of metal or plastic material, namely mechanical parts with small size such as, for example but not only, bolts, small bolts, nuts, washers, rings, plugs, tacks, pins and balls for valves, joints, reduction units, connecting elements of flexible tube, ring nuts, rotating nuts and the like.

The apparatus 1 basically comprises a first mobile piston 2 , a second piston 3 also movable and opposite the first piston 2, and a die 4 interposed between the first piston 2 and the second piston 3 .

In particular, the first piston 2 and the second piston 3 are movable between a first position, in which they are distal to the die 4 , and a second position in which they are proximal to the die 4 .

In detail, the die 4 is adapted, and therefore intended to receive a respective semi-finished product to be formed, for example, a heated ingot of metal material or plastic material, in the examples of the figures indicated by A , and therefore it is shaped, in particular in the interior, according to the external shape of the desired mechanical part.

The apparatus 1 further comprises a guide 5 extended between the die 4 , and precisely thereof, towards the first plunger 2 for feeding the semi-finished product A into the interior of the punch 4 by means of the first plunger 2 . Also, the apparatus 1 comprises a discharge channel 6 extended on the side of the die 4 which is opposite the guide 5 for the purpose of collecting the mechanical part, in the figures indicated by B , formed and obtained from said semi-finished product A.

The apparatus 1 further comprises movement means for moving the first piston 2 and the second piston 3 , in particular according to the examples in the figures, respectively first movement means 7 and second movement means 8 independent of each other.

In addition, with regard to the movement of the first piston 2 and the second piston 3 according to the invention, the first piston 2 essentially pushes the semi-finished product A into the die 4 , saying substantially loads in the die 4 the semi-finished product A to be formed by feeding the same along the guide 5, while the second piston 3 , by a respective head portion 9 , pushes the inside of the die 4 to form the desired mechanical part B plastically deforming the semi-finished product A.

For this purpose, the head portion 9 of the second piston 3 , and possibly also a respective head portion of the first piston 2 , has a predetermined shape according to the desired shape of the mechanical part to be obtained.

In fact, since the mechanical part B remains substantially adjusted on the head portion 9 of the second piston 3 , the second piston 3 , while moving back to the first position, that is, while moving in the opposite direction of the die 4 , also the mechanical part B is removed from the die 4 .

Therefore, the mechanical part B is removed from the die 4 without the aid of a specific ejector inside the die 4, an ejector which is, in fact, completely absent in the present apparatus.

In detail, the apparatus 1 comprises means for counteracting to remove the mechanical part B from the second piston 3 and in a precise manner, according to the examples of the figures mentioned above, it comprises an counteracting element indicated by the reference numeral 10 , on the outside of the die 4 and arranged, with respect to the previous one, on the same side of the discharge channel 6 .

The element 10 of counteracting, or in any way a portion thereof operating on the mechanical part B , is traversed or substantially exceeded by the second piston 3 , while the previous one is moving from the first position to the second position and vice versa .

In particular, while the second piston 3 is moving from the second position to the first position, the counter-element 10 is adapted to counteract the mechanical part B fitted on the head portion 9 of the second piston 3 , by means of which it is removed the mechanical part thereof and basically pushing it out of the second piston 3 and leaving it to fall into the discharge channel 6 .

According to the examples in the figures, the counter-element 10 has the shape of a hollow cylinder in which the second piston 3 slides, in particular, it has the form of a movable hollow cylinder constituting, together with the second piston 3 , a so-called double stroke cylinder or telescopic cylinder indicated as a whole by reference number 11 .

The second movement means 8 , which, as well as the first movement means 7 , can include hydraulic, pneumatic, electric pistons and similar movement means, operate on the double-stroke cylinder 11 , with a double effect.

According to the examples of the figures, the apparatus 1 also comprises a die support element 12 in which the die 4 is housed or obtained in one piece.

Therefore, advantageously the die support element 12 extends over the guide 5 , and is advantageously removably combined with a load carrying body of the apparatus 1 , indicated as a whole by the reference numeral 13 .

Also, the apparatus of the present invention may comprise a loader, not shown in the figures mentioned above, advantageously a motorized loader for feeding or loading a sequence of semi-finished products A to the guide 5 , a semi-finished product at a time.

With reference to Figures 8-10, an apparatus 101 for manufacturing mechanical parts according to a second embodiment of the present invention is described below, in which parts corresponding operationally to those of the apparatus 1 described above have the same numbers of reference.

Reference should be made to the description of the apparatus 1 , which is substantially completely similar to the apparatus 101 , although the former is allowed to manufacture a plurality of mechanical parts B at the same time and therefore includes a plurality of first pistons 2 , a plurality of second pistons 3 each having a respective head portion 9 , a plurality of punches 4 and a plurality of guides 5 , while for collecting mechanical parts B a single common discharge channel 6 is provided.

Still in a manner similar to the apparatus previously described with reference to Figs. 1-7, the description of which should be used as a reference, the apparatus 101 also comprises a counteracting element common to the second pistons 3 , or an counteracting element for each of the second pistons 3 , indicated by the reference number 10 .

The counteracting element can be mobile, for example a hollow cylinder, and together with the second pistons 3 can form a single double-stroke cylinder or various double-stroke cylinders, or can be fixed, for example, a perforated wall, and in any case is crossed by the second pistons 3 .

Still similar to the apparatus 1 , the description of which should be used as a reference, the apparatus 101 comprises first movement means 7 and second movement means 8 independent of each other and operating respectively on the first pistons 2 and on the second pistons 3 .

Still in a manner similar to what was established above, the apparatus 101 includes a die support member 12 in which the punches 4 are housed or obtained in one piece and advantageously extends over the guides 5 and which is advantageously combined in a removable manner with a load carrying body 13 of the apparatus 101 .

In detail, to simultaneously manufacture a plurality of mechanical parts B , the apparatus according to the present invention comprises at least one magazine for simultaneously feeding a plurality of semi-finished products A to the plurality of guides 5 and preferably, according to the examples of FIGS. 10, comprises a pair of chargers 115 , in particular a first and a second charger, both motorized and arranged opposite each other.

Each loader 115 includes a respective movable ramp 115 , therefore, respectively a first rake and a second rake which can both be moved, alternately to each other, between one or more first loading positions of the semi-finished products A and a second unloading position of the semi-finished products A , in which in the second unloading position the first unevenness, and alternatively the second unevenness, essentially extend over the plurality of guides 5 .

The first unevenness and the second unevenness 115 each comprise two essentially flat elements, not shown in the examples of the figures, coupled together, essentially overlapped and sliding with respect to each other, in particular near the second position of the unevennesses.

Each of the two essentially planar elements is provided with respective openings so that, in the loading position or positions, the respective openings of the two essentially flat elements are staggered with respect to each other, thus allowing the semi-finished products A are transported, while in the second discharge position the respective openings are aligned with each other and aligned with the guides 5 to allow the semi-finished products A to be discharged onto the same guides 5 . Substantially, the first slope, after loading, simultaneously feeds a plurality of semi-finished products A to the guides 5 while the second slope is being loaded, subsequently the second slope simultaneously feeds a plurality of semi-finished products A to the guides 5. while the first unevenness returns to the first position or positions, to be charged again.

For the reciprocal sliding of the two essentially planar elements of the first guide and those of the second guide, the apparatus 101 comprises a first limit element or a second limit element, not shown in the examples in the figures, which operate selectively on one or the other of the two essentially flat elements of the first unevenness or respectively of the second unevenness.

Still, the apparatus 101 comprises at least one cutting station for obtaining, from a heated piece such as a bar, a block or a slug of metal material or plastic material, the semi-finished products A with predetermined desired sizes, and according to the examples of the figures, it comprises two cutting stations 116 , a first cutting station arranged upstream of the first magazine, and a second cutting station arranged upstream of the second magazine.

The apparatus 101 also comprises at least one heating station, for example an oven, for heating the aforementioned parts to be cut and indicated by C and, according to the examples of the figures, comprises two heating stations 116 , one first heating station disposed upstream of the first cutting station and a second heating station disposed upstream of the second cutting station.

According to a further aspect of the invention and according to what was described above, a method for manufacturing mechanical parts B of the type considered above and carried out with the apparatus described above in its various embodiments, comprises the steps of:

providing, at a pre-set temperature, one or more semi-finished products A to be formed, for example one or more heated ingots of plastic or brass material, aluminum, copper and similar metals or metal alloys used in the production of small parts;

feeding the one or more semi-finished products A to respective one or more guides 5 ;

transferring the one or more semi-finished products A from the one or more guides 5 to one or more dies 4 by respective one or more first plungers 2 , in which the one or more first plungers 2 are movable, sliding in the one or more guides 5 and that operate on the one or more semi-finished products A ; moving one or more second pistons 3 closer to the one or more dies 4 , wherein the one or more second pistons 3 are movable and opposed to the first or more first pistons 2 ;

forming, in the one or more dies 4 , one or more respective mechanical parts B in a pre-established manner by plastically deforming the one or more semi-finished products A operating thereon through the action of the first or more first pistons 2 and the one or more second pistons 3 ;

moving the one or more second pistons 3 in the opposite direction of the one or more dies 4 with the consequent and simultaneous extraction of the one or more mechanical parts B of the one or more dies 4 .

The present method advantageously also comprises a step of automatically recovering the mechanical parts B , and precisely a step of further moving the one or more second pistons 3 in the opposite direction of the one or more dies 4 , while removing one or more mechanical parts B of the one or more second pistons 3 by the action of one or more counteracting elements 10 , in which the one or more counteracting elements 10 are respectively operating on the one or more mechanical parts B as the one or more further second plungers 3 are moving further in the opposite direction of the one or more dies 4 .

Furthermore, advantageously, the mechanical parts B pushed out of the one or more second pistons 3 are collected, that is to say, they are dropped into a discharge channel 6, while the return movement of the one or more first pistons 2 to the respective first positions allows the one or more guides 5 to be free for an additional cycle of this procedure.

Likewise, according to the invention, it must be said that if various semi-finished products A , therefore a plurality of semi-finished products, are fed, they are fed simultaneously to the respective guides 5 and, advantageously, the movements of the respective first pistons are synchronized with each other

Likewise, in the case of various semi-finished products A , also the movements of the respective second pistons 3 are synchronized with each other.

Furthermore, according to the invention, the movements of the one or more first pistons 2 and of the one or more second pistons 3 are synchronized or substantially synchronized with each other.

According to the invention, the present method further comprises a cutting step in which the one or more semi-finished products A are obtained by cutting one or more pieces of plastic material or metal material, such as bars, blocks or ingots indicated by C.

Advantageously, the cutting step is carried out under heat, the present process comprising, before the cutting step, at least one heating step of the one or more pieces C.

Advantageously, the heating step can continue even after the cutting step of one or more pieces C , thereby heating the one or more semi-finished products A , for example, by heating the one or more dies 4 and / or the one or more guides 5 and / or the one or more first pistons 2 and / or the one or more second pistons 3 , by specific heating means, for example, electrical resistances and / or the circulation of a diathermic fluid in suitable circuits, in the examples the heating means are not shown in the figures.

The advantages of the present invention, already highlighted in the description indicated above, can be summarized by noting that an apparatus for manufacturing mechanical parts particularly, but not exclusively, with small sizes, is provided, the apparatus having structural and functional simplicity and allowing to increase notably the mechanical parts produced per unit of time with respect to known apparatuses. In addition, essentially defective mechanical parts, such as flow marks, are obtained thanks to an apparatus without ejectors, without part collectors and without closed dies.

In order to meet unforeseen and specific requirements, various variations and modifications may be made by a field technician to the described and illustrated embodiments of the present invention, provided that all are included in the scope of protection of the invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims (14)

Apparatus (1; 101) for manufacturing mechanical parts comprising: at least a first piston (2) and a second piston (3) both mobile and opposed to each other; at least one punch (4) interposed between said first plunger (2) and said second plunger (3) and intended to receive at least one semi-finished product (A) to be formed; at least one guide (5) extended between said punch (4) towards said first plunger (2) to feed said semi-finished product (A) into said punch (4) by said first plunger (2); at least one discharge channel (6) extended on the side of said die (4) which is opposite said guide (5) in order to collect at least one mechanical part (B) formed and obtained from said semi-finished product (TO); and means (7; 8) of movement to move said first piston (2) and said second piston (3), wherein said first piston (2) and second piston (3) are movable between at least one first position, in that they are distal from said punch (4), and a second position in which they are proximal to said punch (4), in said second position having said at least said second plunger (3) a portion (9) of respective head inside said die (4). Apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising at least one counter element (10) on the outside of said die (4) and arranged, with respect to said die (4), on the same side of said channel (6). ) of discharge, said element (10) of counteracting being crossed by said second piston (3) while the previous one is moving from said first position to said second position and vice versa, said counter (10) being adapted to counteract said piece mechanical (B) and to remove said mechanical part (B) from said head portion (9) of said second piston (3) while said second piston (3) is moving from said second position to said first position. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said counter element (10) is a hollow body in which said second piston (3) slides, said hollow body being preferably mobile, said second piston (3) and said body mobile hollow which preferably constitutes a so-called double-stroke cylinder or telescopic cylinder (11) on which said movement means operate. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said movement means comprise first means (7) of movement and second means (8) of movement independent of each other and operating on said first piston (2) and, respectively, on said second piston (3) or said cylinder (11) of double stroke. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a die support element (12) in which said at least one die is housed or received, said die support element (12) extending over said die. at least one guide (5), said apparatus (1; 101) comprising a load carrying body (13) with respect to which said die support member (12) is combined, preferably removably. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one first loader (114) and preferably motorized to feed, at the same time, a plurality of semi-finished products (A) to the plurality of guides (5), a product semi-finished for each guide (5). Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said loader (114) comprises at least a first movable unevenness (115), wherein said first unevenness can be moved between one or more first loading positions of semi-finished products (A) and a second unloading position of semi-finished products (A), wherein in said second unloading position said first unevenness (115) extends over said guides (5). Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said first unevenness (115) comprises two essentially flat elements coupled together, essentially overlapping and at least partly sliding with respect to each other, wherein said two essentially flat elements are provided with of respective openings, wherein in said one or more loading positions said respective openings are staggered, and wherein in said second unloading position said respective openings are aligned with each other and aligned with said guides (5). Apparatus according to claim 8, comprising a second magazine (114) and preferably motorized opposite and substantially equal to said first magazine, wherein said second magazine (114) comprises at least one second unevenness (115) opposite and substantially equal to said first unevenness of said first loader, in which said first unevenness and said second unevenness reciprocate in the respective second discharge positions of said semi-finished products (A). Apparatus according to claim 9, comprising at least a first limit element operating selectively on one or the other of said two essentially planar elements of said first unevenness, and preferably comprising a second limit element selectively operating on one or the other of said two essentially planar elements of said second slope. 11. Procedure for manufacturing mechanical parts (B), comprising the steps of: - providing, at a pre-set temperature, one or more semi-finished products (A) to be formed; - feeding the one or more semi-finished products (A) to respective one or more guides (5); - transferring the one or more semi-finished products (A) from the one or more guides (5) to one or more dies (4) by respective one or more first plungers (2), in which the one or more first plungers (2) ) are mobile, sliding on the one or more guides (5) and operating on the one or more semi-finished products (A); - moving one or more second pistons (3) closer to the one or more dies (4), in which the one or more second pistons (3) are mobile and opposed to the first or more first pistons (2); - forming, in the one or more dies (4), one or more respective mechanical parts (B) in a pre-established manner by plastically deforming the one or more semi-finished products (A) by the one or more first plungers (2) and the one or more second pistons (3) operating on said one or more semi-finished products (A); - moving the one or more second pistons (3) in the opposite direction of the one or more dies (4) with the consequent and simultaneous extraction of the one or more mechanical parts (B) of the one or more dies (4). The method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of further moving the one or more second pistons (3) in the opposite direction of the one or more dies (4), while removing one or more mechanical parts (B) of the one or more second pistons (3) by the action of one or more elements (10) to counteract, in which the one or more counter elements (10) are respectively operating on the one or more mechanical parts (B) a as the one or more second pistons (3) are moving further in the opposite direction of the one or more dies (4). The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein said semi-finished products (A) are fed to the respective guides (5) at the same time. The method according to any one of claims 11-13, wherein the movements of said first pistons are synchronized with each other; preferably wherein the movements of said second pistons are synchronized with each other; and more preferably wherein the movements of the one or more first pistons and the movements of the one or more second pistons are synchronized, or substantially synchronized, with each other.