ES2729755T3 - Cardboard Unpacking System - Google Patents

Abstract

System (10/200) for removing cardboard boxes (11) from containers (12) for loading them in a machine for product packaging, comprising: a feeding of wrappers (23) along which the containers (12 ) are fed in series to a conveyor (31) of the magazine; an inverter assembly (30) that receives the containers (12) from the wrapper feed (23), the containers (12) being coupled by means of an inverter head (30A) of the investment assembly (30), the inverter head ( 30A) is mounted on a carriage (201) and transports the containers (12) with an orbital path that extends above and above an access area (202) to a padding layer loader along the path of movement of the container (12) and places the containers (12) with the cardboard boxes (11) stacked therein in an inverted position on the conveyor (31) of the loader; a pusher assembly (90) of the stack for coupling and supporting the cardboard boxes (11) in its stacked configuration when the cardboard boxes are moved along the conveyor (31) of the magazine towards the discharge (92) of the conveyor ( 31) from the loader to feed the cardboard boxes (11) to a loader for the packaging machine; an unpacking assembly (32) movable along the loader conveyor (31) between a loading position adjacent to the wrapper feeder (23) and a wrapping position, characterized in that: the unpacking assembly (32) It includes an adjustable frame (61) with a plurality of guide rails (62, 63) that can be adjusted along the rails (71) and are movable to configure the unpacking assembly (32) to receive containers (12) that have different sizes and / or configurations with the cardboard boxes (11) stacked inside, also including the unpacking assembly (32) a series of mechanisms (64) of containment rods that each include a rod of containment (60) vertically extensible, the mechanisms (64) of the containment rods being transported on adjustable supports or fasteners (67) to allow the variation of the longitudinal positions of the mechanisms (64) d and the containment rods as required to accommodate containers of varying length and height and can be configured to substantially fit the sizes and / or configurations of the cardboard boxes (11) received, as needed to contain and maintain substantially the Cardboard boxes (11) in a stacked configuration when the cardboard boxes (11) are removed from the containers (12) and moved along the conveyor (31) of the loader towards the discharge (92) thereof.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Cardboard Unpacking System

Technical sector of the invention

The present invention relates, in general, to systems for packaging and handling articles, and in particular to a system for removing cardboard boxes and / or base pieces of cardboard, wrappings or other containers for boxes or parts cardboard base and transport the removed cardboard boxes and / or the cardboard base pieces to a cardboard box loader of a packaging machine.

Prior art

In automatic packaging systems, items such as cans, bottles, individually wrapped food products, etc., are generally fed to a product packaging machine where said items can be grouped or otherwise classified and then placed in inside, or wrapped with a product of a cardboard material such as cardboard, cardboard or other similar material. Said cardboard products may be arranged as a series of glued and folded tubular cardboard elements that are open at their ends for the introduction of the products therein, or they may include substantially flat cardboard base pieces that are folded by means of the product packaging machine and wrapped around a group of items or products placed in them. Typically, the tubular cardboard elements or the cardboard base pieces are charged in batteries in a cardboard box charger of the product packaging machine, whose cardboard box charger then feeds the individual tubular cardboard elements or the pieces Cardboard base to the packaging machine to be loaded with products or to wrap a series of product groups.

On the other hand, the cardboard boxes, whether they are formed as tubular cardboard elements or as cardboard base pieces, are formed by external suppliers that send the cardboard boxes in the form of a tubular element or base piece, stacked in boxes or in wrappers Therefore, before the cardboard boxes can be loaded into a cardboard box loader of a packaging machine, said cardboard boxes must first be removed from their packaging and then stacked or loaded into the box magazine. of cardboard. Even though automated systems for stacking and loading cardboard boxes have been developed to automatically load piles of cardboard boxes inside the loaders of packaging machines or similar automatic packaging equipment, it is still necessary to remove first Place the piles of cardboard boxes from their containers or wrappers and then charge the piles of cardboard boxes in the loaders or in automatic loading devices in the loader to power the loader of a packaging machine.

In other technical sectors other than packaging technology, proposals for automated withdrawal systems have been made. For example, US Patent 5271710 A discloses a system according to the preamble of claim 1, and explains a system for pouring letters or other postal items from containers with the cards stacked therein. The containers are displaced on a tilting bucket of a coupling platform and are inclined to allow the cards contained therein to slide out of the containers and fall on a loading platform. This system requires that the operator manually hold each container on the pivoting coupling platform when the containers are tilted at an angle downward to allow materials to slide out while being "held by the operator using the other hand" to its placement in the charger.

US Patent 2005/0077217 A1 discloses a transport element for letters or similar thin objects stacked side by side. The transport element comprises a platform on which the stacked mail can be supported, a rear wall that has spaces to receive a pushing device of the stacked cards and a movable front wall between a holding position of the stacked cards and a position of release of the stack of cards. The stack of cards can be displaced by the pushing device, sliding with respect to the platform and beyond the retention position of the stacked cards.

US Patent 2002/146308 A1 also discloses a system that is specifically designed for high-speed unloading of mail from a series of containers or trays, in which trays or open-end containers that have letters loaded in they are fed to a tray control module that rotates the trays to a position where they can be lifted from a stack of cards by means of tapes of the tray removal module. The pile of cards is dumped on a transport set. The tray control module includes a set of a drum formed with a series of spaced drum discs, arranged in a spaced configuration that allows the tray support elements mounted thereon to pass between the tapes of a belt of supply transport of the conveyor assembly when the cards are deposited on it.

In general, even though some automated withdrawal systems have been developed, the removal of cardboard boxes from their boxes or wrappers has usually been a manual operation that requires an operator to remove manually wrap the cardboard boxes, and then stack or re-stack the cardboard boxes, including in some cases the inversion of the cardboard boxes, and load them into a loading device or directly into the cardboard box loader of a packaging machine. However, such manual operations can cause repetitive stress injuries due to repeated handling of heavy cardboard boxes by workers. In addition, when cardboard boxes are removed from their packaging, either manually or by means of current automated systems, it is often difficult to keep the cardboard boxes in an orderly pile and prevent at least some of the boxes from being cardboard inside the wrappings are lifted together with the wrapper when the wrapper is removed due to friction between the edges of the cardboard box and the walls of the wrapper. As a result, workers often have to re-stack or remove parts of the stack of cardboard boxes from a package once the package has been removed, which requires additional time and can also contribute to repetitive stress injuries, or cause inefficiencies in operation.

Therefore, it can be seen that there is a need for a system and a procedure for the removal of stacked cardboard boxes from their wrappings or containers that address the prior art problems and other related and unrelated problems.

Summary of the Invention

The above objective is achieved by means of the system for the removal of cardboard boxes from containers to be loaded in a product packaging machine, as defined in claim 1. In addition, the aforementioned objective is achieved by means of the process of removing the cardboard boxes from a wrapper to feed a product packaging machine, as defined in claim 11.

Briefly described, the present invention relates, in general, to a system and a method for automatically removing cardboard boxes or cardboard base pieces from wrappers or other similar containers in a stacked configuration, such as to power a machine loader of product packaging located below. According to an exemplary embodiment of the unpacking system of cardboard boxes according to the principles of the present invention, the wrappers containing piles of cartons, such as, for example, base pieces of cardboard boxes or tubular elements for bottle packaging , cans or other products in configurations of 2x6, 2x8, 2x12, 4x6 or other various product configurations, are loaded in a cardboard box feeder. The wrappings can be arranged in glue along the cardboard box feeder to be presented to an inverter assembly at the lower end of the wrapper feeder and, usually, are loaded with the upper ends of the wrappers open, and notched or recesses also formed, in general, on the upper and lower side walls of the wrappers.

The wrappers are initially supplied to the reversal assembly that includes an inverter head that is pivotally mounted on a support frame. The reversing head further includes, in general, a pair of adjustable lateral guides and a pair of upper and lower support guides that are vertically adjustable with respect to each other so that they define a reception area between them to receive a wrapper. of a predetermined size or preselected therein. When the inverter head rotates or pivots around its support frame, the wrappers with the cardboard boxes stacked in them are reoriented correspondingly, and are deposited in a loader, or stacking conveyor, located below, being in general, realigned the closed bottom end of each wrap, in an upwardly oriented position or direction. The inverter head and the magazine of the loader are also adjustable vertically to allow adjustment of the position of the wrappings with respect to a wrapper lifting mechanism located above, so that it adapts to different heights or wrapping sizes as need.

The wrappers are initially deposited on a set of unpacking cardboard boxes for the removal of the wrapper from the stack of cardboard boxes contained inside. The cardboard box unpacking assembly includes an adjustable frame that has laterally adjustable guide rails on which the wrappers are initially received and supported, and a series of retaining rod mechanisms mounted on supports or fasteners that are movable lengthwise with respect to the lateral guide rails, so that they allow the adjustment of the longitudinal position of the mechanisms of the containment rods. The adjustment of the lateral guide rails, together with the longitudinal adjustment of the positions of the mechanisms of the containment rods allows the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes to be adjusted to adapt to wrappers of variable length / height and width.

Once deposited or placed in the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes, a series of fastening pins that are also mounted on the supports or fasteners that slide longitudinally, which carry the mechanisms of the containment rods, pivot until coupled with the cardboard boxes, usually moving or passing through the recesses or spaces formed in the wrappers so that they are coupled and compressed the stack of cardboard boxes inwards. The compression of the stack of cardboard boxes inside the wrappings by means of the clamping pins creates spaces / openings between the cardboard boxes and the walls of the wrapping in which the expandable containment rods can be received. The containment rods are introduced and pass between the cardboard boxes ahead and further back of the pile of boxes and the walls front and back sides of the wrapper, so that they keep the cardboard boxes in a stacked configuration when the wrapper is removed from the boxes, and prevent the walls of the wrapper from coming into contact by friction or otherwise dislodging the cardboard boxes of the battery As a result, each wrapper is removed from its stack of cardboard boxes, the cardboard boxes being kept in a stacked configuration, substantially aligned. Next, cardboard boxes with led beyond, along the conveyor of the loader when empty wrappers are removed for disposal.

When a stack of cardboard boxes is driven by the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes to a discharge point or to the end of the magazine of the loader, and / or approaches the cardboard box furthest from the stack of cardboard boxes. cardboard previously unpacked on the conveyor of the loader, a pusher assembly of the stack is accordingly coupled with the stack of cardboard boxes to push the stack of cardboard boxes forward with the continued forward movement of the conveyor of the charger. Then, at the same time, the containment rods can be decoupled from the stack of cardboard boxes and the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes can go back to their initial loading or receiving position of wrappers, adjacent to the inversion set . The battery thrust assembly generally includes at least one battery pusher which, in one embodiment, may comprise a pair of extendable push rods each of them between the extension and retraction positions by means of a drive device, such as a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, or other similar drive device. In addition, the push rods can be driven by means of a support located above connected to the drive mechanism of the loader conveyor so that it moves with the forward movement of the loader conveyor.

The drive system of the battery thrust assembly can also be disconnected from the charger conveyor so that it is independently operated to move the battery pusher assembly to a retracted position as needed to engage with the next stack of cardboard boxes. loaded in the carrier of the loader. Thus, when the next battery loaded with cardboard boxes approaches a stack of previously loaded cardboard boxes, the push rods will be folded while the unpacking assembly drives the next stack of cardboard boxes to a combined stacked arrangement against the pile of cardboard boxes previously charged. The drive mechanism of the battery pusher assembly can also be decoupled from the charger conveyor and actuated to retract the battery pusher assembly to a position behind the backward cardboard box of the next stack of cardboard boxes that are It is loading, after which the push rods can be extended to a coupling position with the combined stack of cardboard boxes when the containment rods of the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes are folded and the unpacking assembly of the box Cardboard is moved back to its initial loading position. The drive mechanism of the battery thrust assembly can also be re-coupled with the carrier conveyor to continue its forward movement with its push rods engaging and supporting the combined stack of cardboard boxes when the cardboard boxes are fed to the discharge point of the magazine of the magazine.

Various features, objectives and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after a review of the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a perspective illustration of the automatic unpacking system of cardboard boxes according to the principles of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the investment assembly and the stacking conveyor for receiving and inverting the packed cardboard boxes for the removal of the packaging thereof.

Figure 3A is a perspective view of the inversion assembly with a stack of stacked cardboard boxes received therein.

Figures 3B and 3C are side elevational views, showing the inversion of the cardboard box wrappers at different heights for cardboard boxes of different sizes or geometric shapes.

Figures 4A and 4B are illustrations, in perspective, of the unpacking assembly of cardboard boxes with the containment rods thereof shown in the folded and extended positions.

Figure 4C is an end view of the extended containment rods of the unpacking assembly of the cardboard box.

Figure 4D is a perspective view of the front or proximal end of the stacking conveyor and the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes.

Figures 5A to 5C are illustrations, in perspective, showing the coupling of the fasteners and the containment rods of the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes for the coupling and holding of a stack of cardboard boxes when the packaging has been removed from the same.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of the stacking conveyor, showing the stack pusher assembly and the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes according to the principles of the present invention.

Figures 7A to 7D are schematic illustrations of the operation of the stack pusher assembly to move the cardboard box stacks to a discharge point after removal of the wrappers thereof.

Figure 8 is an illustration, in perspective, of an alternative embodiment of the unpacking system of the cardboard boxes according to the principles of the present invention.

Figures 9A to 9C are side elevational views, schematically showing the extended orbital movement of the inversion head of the unpacking system of Figure 8.

Figure 10 is a plan view of the unpacking system of Figure 8.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate and understand that, in accordance with usual practice, the various features of the drawings discussed below are not necessarily drawn to scale, and that the dimensions of various features and elements of the drawings may be enlarged or reduced. to clearly show the embodiments of the present invention described herein.

Description of the invention

Referring below to the drawings in which equal numbers indicate equal parts in the different views, Figures 1 to 7D show the automatic system 10 of unpacking of cardboard boxes and the operative assemblies thereof for the removal of batteries from boxes of boxes. cardboard 11 of wrappers or other containers 12 and for the automatic charging of said stacks of unpacked or removed cardboard boxes in a loader 13 of cardboard boxes to feed a feed assembly of a packaging machine located below, as is indicated in figure 1. The cardboard boxes 12 can be received as stacks of flat cardboard base pieces or as preformed tubular cardboard elements, or in other configurations as needed or desired, and as will be understood by those skilled in the art , will be oriented and removed from their packaging in a stacked configuration, substantially aligned. The automatic unpacking system for cardboard boxes is also designed to be adjusted and / or to be able to operate with a variety of different types or sizes of packaging machines. In addition, the automatic unpacking system for cardboard boxes can be designed to convert existing packaging machines in the sector, and is also adapted to unload / remove and load a full range of sizes and / or configurations of cardboard boxes as well as wrappers of different proportions and materials. For example, the automatic cardboard box unpacking system of the present invention can be used with 2 x 2, 3 x 4, 4 x 6 or other sizes of cardboard boxes and can handle cardboard boxes of a variety of sizes and shapes, including long, short wrappings, substantially square wrappings and tall and wide wrappings, such as those shown in 12A and 12B, respectively, in Figures 3B to 3C and 5A to 5C.

Figure 1 shows, in general, an exemplary embodiment of the automatic unpacking system 10 of cardboard boxes according to the principles of the present invention which includes, in general, an elongated frame 21, the frame of which can be adapted, in general , to fit your main packaging machine. At the upper end or section 22 of the frame 21 there is a supply of wrappers 23. The feed 23 of wrappers generally comprises a conventional transport system 24, such as a chain conveyor, a belt conveyor or other known type of driving mechanism including tapes, slats, chains or other driving elements 26 which are driven along a substantially continuous path in the direction of arrow 27 by means of a motor or similar drive mechanism (not shown). An operator can load the wrappers with cardboard boxes stacked inside them at the top or first end of the wrapper feed conveyor 24, the wrappers being arranged in glue or in a delivery arrangement.

As indicated in Figure 1, the wrappers 12 are oriented, in the wrapper feeding conveyor 24, in an upright position and with the top or top end 16 of the wrappers 12 open, and a series of recesses, cutouts, similar spaces or features 17 formed in the front and rear side walls 18A / 18B of the wrappers. The wrapper feeding conveyor 24 drives the wrappers in series to an inverting assembly 30, which reverses or otherwise redirects the wrappers so that such wrappers can be quickly and easily removed from the cardboard boxes while the cardboard boxes are they are kept in a stacked configuration as shown in figures 2 to 3B. Alternatively, the wrappers can be driven or transported to the inverter assembly from a remote location or from an automatic depalletizer. As indicated in Figure 1, the wrapper feeding conveyor can be further designed with respect to the inverter assembly 30 so that wrapper feed conveyors of different lengths and / or extensions of the wrapper feed conveyor can be arranged in both online and perpendicular arrangements to adapt to the space available in a required or desired online installation. For example, as shown in Figure 1, the wrappers 12 can be loaded into a first upper section 28A of the wrapper feed conveyor, and then can be transferred and / or redirected into a second lower section 28B, which conducts the wrappers to the inverter assembly 30 at the lower end thereof.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the wrappers 12 with the cardboard boxes 11 stacked therein are led to the lower end of the wrapper feed conveyor and are brought to engage / match the inverter assembly 30 located at the end Bottom of the wrapper feed conveyor. The inverter assembly inverts or reorients the wrappers with the cardboard boxes contained therein and places them in a loading or stacking conveyor 31 which has an assembly 32 unpacking cardboard boxes located initially in a first position, or wrapper receiving position, adjacent to the upper end of the loader conveyor, as indicated in Figures 1 and 5A to 5C. The inverter assembly then releases each wrapper, which is displaced with the unpacking assembly along the conveyor of the loader away from the inverter assembly and to a second position or intermediate position for removal of the wrapper as indicated in Figure 1.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3A, the inverter assembly 30 generally includes an inverter head 30A pivotally mounted on a pair of vertical elements of the frame or supports 33, and includes a pair of side guides or pliers 34 which are laterally adjustable so that they can be repositioned as required to fit wrappers of different sizes. Each of the lateral guides 34 includes, in general, a plate or arm 36 projecting towards the rear which usually has a first flared or guide part 36A and a substantially flat body or second part 36B mounted on an adjustable sliding support 37 The sliding supports 37 are movably mounted on a support rail 38 that extends laterally between a pair of vertical sliding elements or supports 39 which are also mounted on a transport element 41 or base element of the frame that holds and pivotally supports the inverter head 30A on the frame elements 33. As indicated in Figure 3A, the sliding supports 37 can be moved laterally by approaching and moving away from each other, and can be fixed in position by means of fixing screws 42, or other similar fasteners, to define the width of the area of reception 40 of the inverter head 30A in which the wrappers 12 are received with the guide parts 36A flared outwardly, from the side guides 34 that help center and guide the wrappers towards the reception area. For example, as indicated in Figures 3A to 3C, in the case of taller and thinner wrappings, the lateral guides can be adjusted internally to accommodate the reduced width or the thinner configuration of the wrappers.

The inverter head 30A also includes the upper and lower support guides 44 and 46 of the wrapper that are coupled with the upper and lower ends of the wrappers, to securely hold and hold the wrappers during inversion or reorientation thereof prevent the cardboard boxes from being evicted or otherwise unintentionally released from the wrappings during their investment or reorientation through the inverter assembly. As shown in Figures 2 and 3A, the support guides 44 and 46 are mounted, in general, on vertical sliding elements or supports 39, the positions of the wrap support guides being adjustable along the length, such as by means of cranks or handwheels 47 to define the height of the reception area 40 of the inverter head. As indicated, in general, in Figure 3A, the wrapper supports may further include separate forks, barbs or plates 44A / 46A, or may include other types of supports. In addition, the inverter head can be connected or coupled by means of a drive belt 48 or a similar transport mechanism driven by a motor as indicated in 49 in Figure 3A, to control the rotational movement of the inverter head to lift , invert and deposit the wrappers on the conveyor 31 of the magazine (figure 2).

Therefore, as the support guides 44 and 46 are engaged and raised, they swing the wrappers with the cardboard boxes stacked therein, as indicated by arrows 51 in Figures 3B and 3C, so that they redirect the wrappers that were in an inverted or upside down configuration, with the open top portions 16 of the wrappers located in an alignment located substantially downwardly on the conveyor 31 of the loader. In their initial reception position of the stack, the support guides 44, 46 of the wrapper are generally separated by a space that is greater than the height of the wrapper. When the inverter head 30A makes the inversion, the lower support guide 46 of the wrapper can move towards the upper support guide 44 of the wrapper, which closes this space and thereby adapts the support guides of the wrapper to the height of the wrap. As a result, when the wrap is inverted, the bottom support guide of the wrap, which was below the wrap on the side of the feed, is now attached to the top of the wrap to prevent the wrap from tilting and to keep it straight and vertical to facilitate the introduction of the containment rods 60 (figures 4A to 4C) during the unpacking operation (figures 5A to 5C).

As also shown in Figures 3B and 3C, the conveyor 31 of the loader can be fixed at varying heights as needed depending on the type of the main packaging machine and / or the type / configuration of the cartons and the wrappers that are being fed for unpacking without affecting the operation of the inverter assembly 30. The geometric shape of the inverter assembly and the adjustment and / or coupling capacity of the closure of its lateral guides and of the wrapper support guides with a wrapper 12 During the inversion and placement of the wrapper on the conveyor of the loader, they allow a fixed-height feed conveyor 24 to be used with variable-height conveyors, with the wrapper inverter assembly automatically adjusting the size of the wrapper and placing the Wrapping at the correct height of the packaging machine charger. For example, as shown in Figure 3B, a tall wrap can be inverted and placed on the loader conveyor with the loader conveyor adjusted and set at a lower height, while in the case of shorter or tall wrappers reduced, as shown in Figure 3C, the conveyor 31 of the charger can be set at a higher level as needed to feed the cardboard boxes in the charger without requiring reconfiguration or replacement of the inverter assembly 30. On the contrary, a simple adjustment of the positions of the lateral guides and the support guides of the wrapping can be made, of so that they readjust the reception area in which the wrappings are received and attached to ensure safe elevation and reorientation of the wrappings.

As further indicated in Figures 1 and 2, the unpacking assembly 32 of the cartons is, in general, initially located at the top or first end of the conveyor 31 of the loader in a first receiving or loading position of the wrapper, indicated in 55, to receive and couple the wrappers once they have been inverted by means of the inverter assembly. Figures 4A to 5C show, in general, the unpacking assembly 32 of cardboard boxes which is movable along the conveyor 31 of the loader, between its first loading position, a second intermediate position or removal of the packaging, indicated in 56 in Figure 7A, and a third lower or decoupling position indicated in 57 in Figure 6. The movement of the unpacking assembly 32 is controlled by means of a drive mechanism 58 (Figure 4D) that can be independently operated from the carrier of the charger.

The cardboard box unpacking assembly 32 (Figures 4A-4B) includes an adjustable frame or skate 61 that includes the adjustable lateral guide rails 62 and 63 on which the wrappers are initially received, and a series of rod mechanisms 64 of containment. Each containment rod mechanism includes a vertically extendable wrapper retention rod 60, which is extensible between a low rest or non-coupling position (Figure 4A) and an elevated, coupling position (Figure 4B) by actuation of an actuator 66, such as a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, or other similar actuator. In addition, each of the mechanisms of the containment rod is driven on adjustable supports or fasteners 67 to allow the variation of the longitudinal positions of the mechanisms of the retention rods as required to accommodate wrappers of varying lengths or heights. Likewise, a series of fastening pins 68 are pivotally mounted on the supports 66 for the mechanisms of the retention rods, and are extensible / pivoting by means of actuators, as indicated in 69, so that they move to through the recesses or spaces 17 (figures 5A to 5C) formed on the front and rear side walls of the wrappers 12 and for coupling with the cardboard boxes inside the wrappers to hold and apply pressure to the stacked cardboard boxes , as shown in Figures 5A to 5C.

As additionally shown in Figures 4A, 4B and 4C, each of the adjustable guide rails 62/63 is laterally adjustable along the rails 71 to accommodate different sizes or configurations of the wrappers, and also the positions of the containment rods 60 are longitudinally adjustable, such as by a sliding movement of their supports 66 along the guide rails 72 to allow additional adjustment of the frame 61 of the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes to accommodate it different sizes and / or configurations of the wrappers 12, as shown in Figures 5A to 5C. As indicated in Figure 2, the adjustment mechanism 73 is shown in this case as a handwheel or a crank, although it will be understood that other manual and automatic adjustment mechanisms can also be used, which will be arranged along the conveyor 31 of the loader for adjusting the width of the loader conveyor, and with it the width of the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes to accommodate different widths / sizes of the cardboard boxes. Preferably, a first side 74A of the loader conveyor and the side guide rail side (i.e., 63) associated therewith, may remain fixed or stationary, with the second side or opposite side 74B of the loader conveyor that would be mobile along the laterally extending guide rails, as shown in 75 in Figure 4D, to adjust their position with respect to the first side 74A of the loader conveyor, and with it, the position of the lateral guide rail 62 with respect to the lateral guide rail 63 of the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes.

The adjustments of the conveyor of the loader and with it, that of the system of the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes, to accommodate it to cardboard boxes of variable sizes and / or configurations and to their packaging, will be carried out in general, with respect to the machine of main packaging to which the cardboard boxes should be fed. The main machine will generally act on a fixed incision line based on data from a fold or bending line through which the cardboard boxes are folded to provide a reference axis or line (indicated with the dashed line 76 in the Figure 1) for the XYZ adjustments of the loader conveyor and the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes. The adjustments of the side assemblies of the frame of the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes both laterally and longitudinally are therefore part of the resizing process for the automatic system of the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes, said longitudinal adjustments being generally and laterals controlled by manual actuation mechanisms and sensors, so that they fit with the separation of the containment rods and the clamping pins to the specific size and / or the configuration of the wrappers, and consequently to the stacks of boxes of boxes cardboard contained in them. Usually, the positions of the containment rods will be adjusted to fit the longitudinal size or thickness of the piles of the cardboard boxes, and to position the containment rods approximately adjacent to the folding or folding lines of the boxes. cardboard to ensure a stable and regular coupling thereof when the cardboard boxes are driven along the conveyor of the loader with the containment rods.

Figures 5A to 5C show, in general, the operation of the unpacking assembly 32. Initially, once the wrapper has been inverted and placed on top of the loader conveyor and moved to match or be otherwise placed for coupling by means of the unpacking assembly 32 of the boxes of cardboard, the clamping pins 68 and the containment rods 60 are, in general, in their folded positions of non-coupling. Usually, the wrappers have been formed with cut-outs 17 (figure 2) that allow access thereto of the clamping pins 68 to couple and hold the cardboard boxes (figures 5A to 5C). Initially, the clamping pins will be coupled to first center the load of the cardboard box and to compress, at least partially, the stacks of cardboard boxes inwards. This coupling / compression of the batteries of the cardboard boxes also creates separate spaces or openings along the sides of the cardboard boxes to facilitate and / or allow the entry of the containment rods 60 between the cardboard boxes and the front and rear side walls of the wrappers, as indicated in Figure 5B. Additionally, when the cardboard boxes and the wrappers are displaced along the conveyor of the loader, they are coupled and mounted following a central slope guide 77 that helps support the cardboard boxes and the wrappers by keeping them in a substantially aligned position or alignment. straight when the containment rods are introduced.

Then, as shown in Figure 5C, with the cardboard boxes held by means of the containment rods, the wrapping will be lifted from its stack of cardboard boxes by means of a lifting mechanism 80 (Figure 1) while the rods they remain in an elevated coupling position to hold the piles of cardboard boxes in place and while the wrapper is removed from them. The containment rods will remain up for unpacking and the subsequent transfer of the load of the cardboard boxes to the back of a cardboard box loader so that it is combined with a previously charged battery, thus supporting the load of the cardboard boxes until a pusher assembly 90 of the stack is coupled to the stack of cardboard boxes and coupled the stack of cardboard boxes and place the stack of cardboard boxes against the back of the previously charged supply or the stack of cardboard boxes inside the charger, as indicated in figures 7A to 7C. A sensor 78 (Figure 4D) can be arranged, in general, at the upper end of the adjustable frame / skid 61 that can be contacted by the stack of previously loaded cardboard boxes, when the skate approaches the stack. The activation of this sensor 78 signals the activation of the pusher assembly and the withdrawal of the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes. At the same time, the clamping pins generally release the cardboard boxes from their coupling when the wrapper is lifted from the stack of cardboard boxes, as shown in Figure 5C, whose clamping pins will also be removed below the Cardboard boxes as indicated in Figure 5A.

As shown in Figures 1,2, 6 and 7A to 7D, the pusher assembly 90 of the batteries is generally located along the conveyor 31 of the charger, lower than the unpacking assembly 32 of the boxes. paperboard. The pusher assembly 90 of the stack may include one or several removable pushers 91 of the stack along the length of the charger conveyor, whose battery pushers are coupled to the carton box batteries once they have been removed from their wrappers and will hold the final or final cardboard box on the back of a stack of cardboard boxes that is being fed to the discharge point 92 of the loader conveyor. In one embodiment, at least one pusher 91 of the stack may comprise a pivoting arm, indicated with dashed lines 94 in Figure 2, which has a thrust plate 96 and is adapted to pivot in and out of the trajectory of the path of the batteries of the cardboard boxes, which is movable with the operation of the magazine of the charger to keep the batteries of cardboard boxes in a stacked upright position.

Alternatively, as shown in Figures 2, 6 and 7A to 7D, in another embodiment, these stack pushers may include a pair of extendable sets 100/101 of push rods, mounted on top of the conveyor of the loader and movable along a path parallel to it. The pusher rod assemblies 100/101 are generally spaced along a laterally extending support rail, with the lateral position or location of the pusher rod assemblies along the support rail 102 adjustable with respect to the others to accommodate cardboard boxes of different sizes. For example, the lateral positions of the pusher rod assemblies can be adjusted with respect to the center line of the main packaging machine to align their pusher rods 106 with the folds or fold lines of the cartons. Typically, pusher rod assemblies each include an actuator 104, such as a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, and a pusher rod 106 that can extend to a low coupling position and which can be retracted upward to a non-coupling position. or folded, out of engagement with cardboard boxes.

The push rods 106 can be provided with a length sufficient to couple a variety of cardboard boxes of different heights, or alternatively, the position of the support rail 102 can be adjusted vertically along the guide arm 107 to further adjust the position vertical of the pusher assemblies 100/101. In this way, the height of the pusher assemblies can also be adjusted as needed to accept variations in the size of the wrappers. As also indicated in Figures 2 and 6, the support rail 102 may be sliding along an upper guide rail 108 that helps control and maintain a stable movement of the pusher assemblies in a substantially parallel path. to the path P of the cardboard boxes along the conveyor of the loader. The vertical support 107 also connects the support rail 102 and therefore the pusher assemblies 100/101 mounted along it, to an independent drive system 110.

As indicated in Figures 6 to 7D, the independent drive system 110 of the assembly of Pile pushers is connected so that it can be decoupled from the drive mechanism of the conveyor of the loader or system 111 such that it can generally be moved with it when the cardboard boxes are fed along the conveyor of the charger with the pushrods of the pile pushers coupled with it. However, the drive system 110 for the battery pusher assembly can be operated separately as needed to allow the battery pusher assembly to be displaced longitudinally up and down, regardless of the movement of the charger conveyor. as required to retract and / or reposition the battery pusher assembly as indicated in Figures 7A to 7D. Then, the set of pushers of the stack can be synchronized again with the movement of the magazine of the charger to keep the set of pushers of the stack coupled with the stacks of cardboard boxes that are being fed along the conveyor of the charger, to charger 13 located below. Thus, when the battery pusher is driven with the magazine of the charger, its motor is at rest and the gear wheel of the battery pusher is coupled to the chain with the pusher or pushers of the battery being coupled to the battery of cardboard boxes when the whole set moves in coordination. However, when the battery pushers need to move upwards to get behind a new pile of cardboard boxes, the battery pusher motor drives the battery pusher assembly upwards along its chain. along the conveyor of the loader, whether the loader is stopped or indexing to feed the next cardboard box.

The operation of the battery pusher assembly is shown, in general, in Figures 7A to 7D. Once the wrappers have been removed from the cardboard boxes, the cardboard boxes are conducted in a stacked configuration by means of the unpacking assembly 32 of the cardboard boxes along their path P, along the loader conveyor 31, toward the discharge end or point of the loader conveyor. As indicated in Figure 7A, after the initial commissioning and loading of a first stack of cardboard boxes on the conveyor of the loader, the next stack of cardboard boxes being driven or moved along of the conveyor of the loader by means of the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes, approximates a stack 11 of previously loaded cardboard boxes, whose stack of cardboard boxes is held in a substantially vertical position or in a slightly inclined forward position by coupling the set of the pushers of the stack with it.

When the next stack of cardboard boxes 11 'approaches the previously charged stack of cardboard boxes 11, the sensor 78 (Figure 4D) of the upper end of the skate 61 of the unpacking assembly 32 of the cardboard boxes is coupled, such such as by contacting the last cardboard box (figure 7B) of the stack of previously loaded cardboard boxes. After coupling and activation of the sensor 78 (figure 4D) as indicated in figures 7B and 7C, the activation of the sensor by means of the approximation of the next stack of cardboard boxes being transported by the unpacking assembly of cardboard boxes towards the last box of the battery previously loaded with cardboard boxes, will cause the battery pusher to be disengaged. After a decoupling signal sent to the battery pusher assembly, the push rods 106 will be retracted, as indicated in Figure 7B, and the drive system 110 of the battery pusher assembly will be decoupled from the charger conveyor. Then, as indicated in Figure 7C, the drive mechanism of the pushrod assembly will be operated independently, such that it will move the pushrod assembly back in the direction of the arrow 115, to a retracted position. behind the last cardboard box of the stack of cardboard boxes of the unpacking set of cardboard boxes.

Once the rod pushers have been retracted to their rear position, as indicated in Figure 7D, the pusher rods will extend until they engage with the cardboard box furthest from the stack of combined cardboard boxes and the system The drive system of the push rod assembly will be coupled again with the drive system or with the drive mechanism of the loader conveyor. Additionally, as indicated in Figures 6 and 7B-7C, when the pushers of the stack are moved to their stowed position, a pair of shoes 116 can be engaged and passed over the upper edges of the cardboard boxes to ensure that the cardboard boxes will not be hooked or otherwise coupled by the pushrods. These shoes can also be connected to a sensor to indicate a fault situation if the movement of the shoes along the cardboard boxes is impeded or interfered with during the folding of the battery pushers. Once the pushrods of the stack pushers have been coupled with the last cardboard box of the stack of combined cardboard boxes, the containment rods of the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes can be retracted, releasing the boxes of cardboard from their coupling with them, after which the unpacking assembly of the cardboard boxes can be moved back to their initial loading or receiving position of cardboard boxes, adjacent to the upper end of the loader conveyor and of the inverter set. Then, as indicated in Figure 7D, the battery pushers will continue to move forward with the forward movement of the charger conveyor when the cardboard boxes are fed sequentially through the discharge point of the charger conveyor and into The packaging machine loader located below.

In general, an additional embodiment of the unpacking system 200 of the cartons according to the principles of the present invention is shown in Figures 8 to 10 The embodiment of the unpacking system 200 shown in Figures 8 to 10 is designed to allow Access to the ME packaging machine as needed, such as for loading additional materials, cleaning jams, etc. For example, the unpacking system can be adapted to be used with packaging systems of the "twin stack" type and in equipment in which a first stack or layer of products such as bottles or cans, or other similar product, is placed on a cardboard, after which place a padding layer on the first stack or bottom stack of products placed on the cardboard, after which a second layer or stack of products placed above the padding layer is placed and the cardboard box is folded around the themselves to form a product package of the "twin stack" type. The padding layers are usually introduced between the product stacks at an intermediate point along the path of the product travel by the twin stack packaging machine, and thus provides access to the charger of the layers of padding to load additional padding layers in it. The unpacking system 200 according to the present invention is adapted to provide the automated unpacking features of the present invention for use with said twin or other stack packaging machines while also allowing access to the loader of the padding layers and / or to other areas of the packaging machine by an operator without requiring a reconfiguration of the packaging machine and / or without a substantial interruption of the unpacking of the cardboard boxes to feed the carton loader of the packaging machine.

As shown in Figures 8 to 10, the wrappers 12 with the stacked cardboard boxes 11 therein are fed along the wrapper feed conveyor 24 to the inverter assembly 30 in which the wrappers are coupled by means of the inverter head 30A thereof. The wrapper feed conveyor and the inverter head 30A generally have the same construction described above with reference to Figures 1 to 3C. Thus, as in the embodiment of the cardboard box unpacking system shown in Figures 1 to 3C, the inverter head is generally mounted on adjustable elements of the frame or supports 33 and generally includes lateral guides or clamps. 34 which are laterally adjustable to receive wrappers of different sizes and / or configurations, as well as upper and lower support guides 44 and 46 (Figures 9A-9B) that similarly are vertically adjustable along the head frame elements inverter to adapt to wrappers of different sizes and / or configurations.

In the present embodiment of the cardboard box unpacking system 200, the inverter head is further mounted on a carriage 201 that carries the inverter head 30A following an orbital path that extends above and above an access zone or station 202 of the padding layer loader arranged along the path of the movement of the wrappers. This zone 202 of access to the padding layer charger allows the operator to access the ME twin battery packaging machine (figures 8 and 10) for charging a battery or a series of padding layers in the layer charger 203 of cushioning the twin battery packaging machine. Said access is also provided without interrupting the operation of the unpacking system of the cardboard boxes to remove the piles of cardboard boxes from their packaging and feed said piles of cardboard boxes to a charger 204 of cardboard boxes of the packaging machine. .

As shown in FIGS. 8 to 9C, the carriage 201 on which the inverting head 30A of the unpacking system 200 is supported, is mounted on an assembly 206 of a radially extending track or rail. As shown in the figures, this rail assembly 206 extends along an orbital path, up and over the area 202 of access to the padding layer loader, from the lower end of the wrapper feed conveyor to the conveyor 31 of the upper loader. The rail assembly 206 generally includes one or more lanes 207 that may include V-rails, box rails, or rails of other configurations, and may also include a series of rollers mounted along them to support the car when moved along the rails. The rails 207 are supported above the access area to the loader of the padding layers by means of an orbital frame 208.

The carriage 201 of the inverter head 30A is, in general, coupled and mounted along the rails of the rail assembly 206 and is moved along its orbital path indicated by the arrows 209 in Figure 9B, to transport a wrapper with the boxes of cardboard stacked inside it above the operator and the area 202 of access to the cushion layer loader to deposit the wrap in an inverted position on the conveyor 31 of the loader. A drive system 210 controls the orbital movement of the carriage 201 along the rail assembly 206. The drive system 210 generally includes a reversible variable speed motor such as that shown in 211, and a drive mechanism, or means, illustrated by the dashed lines 212 in Figure 8, which carries the carriage 201 along its orbital path, as shown in Figures 9A to 9C. The drive motor 211 is, in general, a variable speed, reversible motor, sized for a duty cycle and a load to accommodate wrappers of varying sizes and weights containing variable sized cardboard boxes stacked inside. The motors can also include a reducer to increase the torque to accommodate loads of cardboard boxes of varying sizes and weights and can be operated with duty cycles of approximately 30 to 45 seconds per operating cycle, although cycles of use can also be used. I work older or younger. The drive mechanism 212 may further include one or more chains, cables, tapes, or a combination of chains, tapes and / or cables (shown in dashed lines 214 in Figure 8) that are housed inside and move to along the rails 207 of the rail assembly 206 in a reversible round-trip movement with the operation of the drive motor 211. Also, the drive mechanism could include an orbital rack and pinion, the toothed pinion being driven by means of a motor mounted on the inverter head.

As shown in Figures 9A to 9C, once a wrapper 12 with a stack of cardboard boxes inside it has been coupled and is contained inside the inverter head 30A of the inverter assembly 30 by means of the side guides and from the lower guides of the wrap support (the upper support guide, in general, emerges above and adapts to the upper part of the wrap when the wrap is inverted), the drive motor 211 is generally driven to start the inversion of wrapping and cardboard boxes. As indicated in Figure 9B, the motor pulls the drive chain or other drive mechanism along the rails of the rail assembly 206, causing the carriage 201 to transport the inverter head 30A along its length. Orbital path as shown by arrows 209, up and over the area 202 of access to the padding layer loader. In this way, the inverter head moves around its expanded orbital path for the inversion of the wrapper and places the inverted wrapper on the conveyor 31 of the loader as described with respect to the previous embodiment of Figures 1 to 6. A Then, the unpacking operation of the cardboard boxes, as described above with respect to the previous embodiment and as shown in Figures 6 to 7D, can begin for the removal of the piles from the box piles. of cardboard, after which the wrappers can be removed from the unpacking system of the cardboard boxes and the packaging machine along its elevated conveyor, while the piles of cardboard boxes are fed to the box loader 204 Cardboard packaging machine ME. When the cardboard boxes are fed to the cardboard box loader, the drive motor 211 of the drive system 210 can also be reversed, by pulling the chain or chain drive 214 of the drive mechanism 212 (Figure 8) back, so that it transports the inverter head in the reverse direction along its orbital path, returning to its initial resting position at the lower end of the wrapper feed conveyor to receive a new wrapper with a stack of cardboard boxes inside .

The realization of the unpacking system 200 of cardboard boxes shown in Figures 8 to 10 thus allows the use of the unpacking system of the cardboard boxes according to the principles of the present invention with additional types of packaging machines, such as twin-type packaging machines, by providing the operator with ambulatory access to the loader of the padding layers of the packaging machine for loading additional padding layers and / or to provide access to the packaging machine as needed to clear jams, etc. As also shown in Figures 8 to 10, the access area 202 defined within the system 200 for unpacking cardboard boxes, generally includes a series of panels or protective barriers indicated, in general, at 215 for forming a protective housing or cage 216 below the rail assembly 206 along which the carriage 201 is driven during the wrapper reversal operation. Said barriers 215 may include Plexiglass or safety glass panels supported by elements 217 of the frame, whose panels or barriers 215 may also be removable or otherwise mounted by pivoting on the frame element, so as to allow access to the entire assembly. lane 206 as needed for maintenance, or for repair / replacement, or for other adjustments thereof. Additionally, other panels or barriers can also be used, including the formation of a wire cage or similar protective housing, such that the operator can have a substantially secure / protected access to the loader of the padding layers or other areas of the packaging machine during operation of the inversion set 30 of the unpacking system 200 of the cardboard boxes.

The automatic cardboard box unpacking system of the present invention is designed in this way to maximize space utilization by utilizing as little floor space as possible, while maintaining a free space in the front protection line and in the maintenance side as needed for feed conveyors. Additionally, as noted, the wrapper feed conveyor is provided with an in-line arrangement that allows extensions of the wrapper feed conveyor as required. The automatic unpacking system of cardboard boxes of the present invention is also provided with open access to each of the operative assemblies to facilitate changes and maintenance, and is, in general, adapted to be an autonomous unit to allow loading and unloading the loader with or without unpacking functionality, so that the system can be used in various configurations and as a reconversion or modernization of existing packaging systems. The system can also be prepared by initially charging a limited number of cardboard boxes inside the feeder to create an initial stack against which the unpacked cardboard box stacks will be placed later, while empty wrappings can be discharged along a high level conveyor to help reduce system floor space, and can also be reconfigured to provide unloading of the wrappers within a radius of approximately 180 ° to unload the wrappers in a container or in a container. compactor, or to direct them to some other type of containment unit for collection and disposal or recycling.

The above description generally illustrates and describes various embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the construction described above of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as has been disclosed herein, and It is intended that all the topics contained in the previous description or shown in the attached drawings be interpreted as illustrative and not taken in a limiting sense.

Claims (15)

1. System (10/200) to remove cardboard boxes (11) from containers (12) to load them into a machine for product packaging, comprising: a supply of wrappers (23) along which the containers (12) are fed in series to a conveyor (31) of the loader; an inverter assembly (30) that receives the containers (12) from the wrapper feed (23), the containers (12) being coupled by means of an inverter head (30A) of the investment assembly (30), the inverter head ( 30A) is mounted on a carriage (201) and transports the containers (12) with an orbital path that extends above and above an access area (202) to a padding layer loader along the path of movement of the container (12) and places the containers (12) with the cardboard boxes (11) stacked therein in an inverted position on the conveyor (31) of the loader; a pusher assembly (90) of the stack for coupling and supporting the cardboard boxes (11) in its stacked configuration when the cardboard boxes are moved along the conveyor (31) of the magazine towards the discharge (92) of the conveyor ( 31) from the loader to feed the cardboard boxes (11) to a loader for the packaging machine; an unpacking assembly (32) movable along the carrier conveyor (31) between a loading position adjacent to the wrapper feeder (23) and a wrapping position, characterized in that : The unpacking assembly (32) includes an adjustable frame (61) with a plurality of guide rails (62, 63) that can be adjusted along the rails (71) and are movable to configure the unpacking assembly (32 ) to receive containers (12) that have different sizes and / or configurations with the cardboard boxes (11) stacked inside, also including the unpacking assembly (32) a series of mechanisms (64) of containment rods that include each of them a vertically extendable containment rod (60), the mechanisms (64) of the containment rods being transported on adjustable supports or fasteners (67) to allow the variation of the longitudinal positions of the mechanisms (64) of the containment rods as required to accommodate containers of variable length and height and can be configured to substantially fit the sizes and / or configurations of cardboard boxes (11) received, as needed to contain and substantially maintain the cardboard boxes (11) in a stacked configuration when the cardboard boxes (11) are removed from the containers (12) and moved along the conveyor (31) of the loader to the download (92) thereof. 2. System (10/200), according to claim 1, wherein the containment rods (60) are extensible inside the containers (12) between the cardboard boxes (11) and at least one side wall (18A / B) of the containers (12) to facilitate the removal of the cardboard boxes (11) from the containers (12). 3. System (10/200) according to claim 1, wherein the position of the inverted containers (12) that are being placed on the conveyor (31) of the loader by means of the inverter assembly (30) is automatically adjusted to fit substantially with the elevation of the conveyor (31) of the loader. 4. System (200) according to claim 3, wherein the inverter head (30A) has upper and lower support guides (44/46) of the wrapper and is mounted on the carriage (201) which is movable along of the extended orbital path above the access zone (202) when the containers (12) are moved to their inverted position. 5. System (200) according to claim 4, wherein the access zone (202) is of a size sufficient to allow access to a part of the packaging machine by an operator without interfering with the movement of the containers (12) along their extended orbital path from the feeding (23) of wrappers to the conveyor (31) of the loader. 6. System (10) according to claim 3, wherein the inverter head (30A) can rotate and has adjustable guide rails (33) and upper and lower support guides (37) of the package that define a reception area (40) to receive and support the containers (12) of various sizes with the cardboard boxes (11) stacked inside, when the containers (12) are reoriented and deposited on the conveyor (31) of the loader for the removal of the container (12). 7. System (10/200) according to claim 1, wherein the unpacking assembly (32) further comprises a lifting mechanism (80) for removing the containers (12) from the cardboard boxes (11) with the Cardboard boxes (11) kept in their stacked configuration. 8. System (10/200) according to claim 1, wherein the series of retaining rods (60) are movable inside the containers (12) to facilitate the removal of the containers (12) from the boxes cardboard (11), and the unpacking assembly further comprises tweezers (68) adapted to move to a coupling position to engage the cardboard boxes (11) inside their containers (12) to create a separation for the entry of the containment rods (60) inside the containers (12). 9. System (10/200) according to claim 1, wherein the pusher assembly (90) of the stack includes at least one pusher (91) of the stack driven by a drive system (110), the drive assembly (110) can be coupled to a driving mechanism (111) for the conveyor (31) of the charger, so that it displaces with it at least one pusher (91) of the battery during the feeding of a stack of cardboard boxes (11) and can be selectively decoupled from the driving mechanism (111) of the conveyor (31) of the loader so that it can function independently of the driving mechanism (111) of the conveyor (31) of the loader to the repositioning of at least one pusher (91) of the stack with respect to a new stack of cardboard boxes (11) loaded on the conveyor (31) of the magazine. 10. System according to claim 9, wherein at least one pusher (91) of the stack comprises a pair of extendable pusher rods (100/101) located above the conveyor (31) of the loader and movable at along the same, each of the pusher rods (100/101) being connected to a drive device (104) to control the folding and extension of the pusher rods (100/101) between a retracted position of non-coupling and a Extended coupling position for contacting and supporting the cardboard box batteries (11) when the cardboard box batteries (11) are moved along the conveyor (31) of the magazine towards the discharge (92). 11. Procedure, for the removal of cardboard boxes (11) from a wrapper (12) to feed a product packaging machine, comprising: move the wrapper (12) with the stack of cardboard boxes (11) inside it along a path; transport the wrapper (12) with the stack of cardboard boxes (11) inside it in an extended orbital path, at least partially, above and above an area (202) of the padding layer loader arranged at along the travel path of the wrapper (12) with an inverter assembly (30) having an inverter head (30A) mounted on a carriage (201), and transferring the wrapper (12) with the stack of cardboard boxes (11) ) inside an unpacking assembly (32) that can be moved along a conveyor (31) of the loader, in which the unpacking assembly (32) includes an adjustable frame (61) with a plurality of rails Adjustable guide (62, 63) that can be adjusted along the rails (71) and are movable to configure the unpacking assembly (32) to receive wrappers (12) having different sizes and configurations, and a series of mechanisms (64) of containment rods, each of the s which includes a containment rod (60) extensible vertically, the mechanisms (64) of the containment rods being transported on adjustable supports or fasteners (67) to allow the variation of the longitudinal positions of the mechanisms (64) of containment rods as required to accommodate wrappers of varying heights and lengths and can be configured to substantially fit the sizes and / or configurations of cardboard boxes (11); move the containment mechanisms (60) to positions adjacent to the cardboard boxes (11) closer and further away from the stack of cardboard boxes (11) received by the unpacking assembly (32); move the unpacking assembly (32) along the conveyor (31) of the loader while holding the cardboard boxes (11) in a stacked configuration with the unpacking assembly (32) and remove the wrapper (12) from the stack of cardboard boxes (11); coupling the stack of cardboard boxes (11) with a pusher assembly (90) of the stack comprising at least one pusher assembly (91); and continue the movement of the stack of cardboard boxes (11) along the path of the path along the conveyor (31) of the loader towards a discharge point (92) when the wrapper (12) is moved away from the cardboard boxes (11) stacked. A method according to claim 11, wherein the transfer of the wrapper (12) with the cardboard boxes (11) therein, to the unpacking assembly (32) comprises receiving the wrapping (12) in a carriage (61) ) that couples the stack of cardboard boxes (11) inside the wrapper (12) with a series of clamping fingers (68) to create a space between the cardboard boxes (11) and at least one side wall of the wrapper (12), and insert the mechanisms (60) of the containment rods into the wrapper (12), adjacent to the upper and lower sides of the stack of cardboard boxes (11) and in contact with them. 13. A method according to claim 11, further comprising moving an additional stack of cardboard boxes (11) towards an anterior stack of cardboard boxes (11) that is being pushed towards the discharge point (92), at least, by a pusher (91) of the stack, when the additional stack of cardboard boxes (11) approaches the previous stack of cardboard boxes (11), refolding at least one pusher (91) of the stack out coupling with it and moving at least one pusher (91) from the stack to a position behind the additional stack of cardboard boxes (11), pushing the additional stack of cardboard boxes (11) against the stack front of cardboard boxes (11) and moving the stack of cardboard boxes (11) combined forward, at least, with a pusher (91) of the stack. 14. A method according to claim 11, further comprising moving the wrapper (12) with the cardboard boxes (11) stacked therein towards the inverter assembly (30) by coupling at least parts of the bottom and side edge of the wrapping (12) with the guides (44/45) of the wrapper support, and transport the wrapper (12) from a first position on a wrapper feed conveyor (24) to an inverted position on the conveyor (31) of the loader. 15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the displacement of the wrapper (12) to an inverted position comprises transporting the wrapper (12) along the extended orbital path above and above the area (202) of Operator access when the wrapper (12) is inverted, and place the wrapper (12) on the conveyor (31) of the loader in its inverted position.