ES2752011T3 - Panel for thermal insulation of a building facade from the outside - Google Patents

Abstract

Panel for the thermal insulation of the building's facade from the outside, the dorsal face (2) of which comprises a set of parallel grooves (20) intended to be arranged horizontally to retain an adhesive binder and a series of references (23) that delimit the specific areas for receiving anchoring means on the façade and its front face (1) comprises at least one longitudinal slit (10) intended to ensure the dimensional stability of the panel, characterized in that at least one of its faces (1, 2) comprises marks formed from a relief grid (21) that delimit, on most of its surface, embedded boxes (22).

Description

d e s c r ip tio n

Panel for thermal insulation of a building facade from the outside

The present invention relates to a facade insulation panel.

The invention is applied more particularly to the field of construction, if necessary, also to the rehabilitation of buildings in order to bring them into line with thermal insulation standards.

In order to optimize the insulation of new ^or existing buildings without having to modify ^their structures, it has been found that it was possible and interesting to cover the exterior walls of the facades with panels of honeycomb material that present good thermal performances.

There are already panels made of honeycomb material, particularly expanded polystyrene, which have thermal insulation properties.

For example, document FR 2977265 A l discloses a thermal insulation panel for a building facade from the outside according to the preamble of claim 1.

However, these panels do not adapt well to always ^be placed in the outer vertical walls procedures under construction ^or renovation and in particular the techniques termed thermal insulation from the outside (ITE).

In fact, the placement of the panels requires ^their previous positioning on the façade with precision and then the ^use of fixing means such as an adhesive finish, screws ^or tapping ^or screwing blocks, ... which must be applied to specific and predefined areas. of these panels (diameter of adhesive blocks, distance of blocks from the edges of the panels, number of blocks,.) to comply with current regulations.

On the other hand, the installation conditions of these panels, at altitude on the facades of the building, are not easy and workshop personnel often have difficulties in knowing and identifying the appropriate areas to use.

Furthermore, in the case of a method of fixing the panels with liquid ^{or viscous} binders of the injected type, the connection between the panel and the facade often turns out to be poor since the surface of the panel does not lend itself to the retention of the products. adhesives that have a tendency to flow downward by gravity.

This problem is all the more delicate in that the panels present on ^their surface, at the exit of the mold, a skin that is not very conducive to adhesion and that very often needs a subsequent treatment such as brushing. This finishing operation is laborious and generates additional costs.

Therefore, even after the use of these coatings, the panels are not sufficiently firmly attached to the façade and have the risk of separating, particularly in case of turbulence ^or during periods of strong winds.

The façade, once it has been covered with insulation panels, is subject, during the day, to heating due to solar radiation and at night to significant cooling, particularly in winter.

These different exposures lead, over time, to significant variations in temperatures that lead, respectively, to expansions and contractions of the material constituting the panels and which sometimes causes cracks, even ^their breakage, to the detriment of the insulation sought.

Generally, even if the integrity of the panel remains preserved, claims can also come from cracking of the base and finishing coat, from peeling between the coat and the panel, ^or simply by removing the panel from the façade.

Furthermore, in the first hours after laying and before the complete drying of the mortar-glue, the temperature difference between the two faces of the panel is liable to produce a “bimetallic” effect that leads to the detachment of the facade panel.

The present invention aims to solve technical problems satisfactorily and reliably by proposing a solution that is simple to implement industrially and economically advantageous.

This object is achieved according to the invention by means of a panel whose dorsal face comprises a set of parallel grooves intended to be arranged horizontally for the retention of an adhesive binder and a series of references that delimit the specific areas of reception of anchoring means in the façade and, ^its front face comprises at least one longitudinal Slot intended to ensure dimensional stability, characterized in that at least one of ^its faces comprises marks formed from a relief grid that defines, on most of ^its surface, embedded boxes.

According to a first advantageous feature of the invention, said grid is made of ribs.

Preferably, the height of the ribs is between 0.5 and 5 mm.

According to a specific and advantageous variant, the section of said ribs is substantially triangular.

In that case, the angle at the vertex of the triangular section is between 30 ° and 70 ° while the base of the triangular section is between 1 and 2 mm.

According to another variant, the grid forms diamonds whose faces have dimensions between 5 and 15 mm. According to yet another variant, the front face of the panel comprises at least two grooves perpendicular to each ^other and parallel to the edges of the panel.

Advantageously, the references for receiving anchoring means on the façade are made of cylindrical cavities.

Preferably, said cavities are, on the dorsal side, on horseback over the grooves.

According to another variant, the dorsal face grooves for the retention of a binder have a dovetail section.

Preferably, the depth of these grooves is between 3 and 10 mm and a width between 5 and 15 mm.

According to another characteristic, the dorsal face comprises a slightly recessed peripheral rim.

According to yet another characteristic, the front face also includes references for positioning anchoring means.

According to yet another advantageous variant, the front face and ^its side face of the panel are identical and both have a grid, the references and grooves whose profile and orientation conform to the grooves.

Thanks to the invention, it is possible to improve the thermal insulation for new buildings ^or to reinforce that of old buildings without undertaking major restructuring work on the building.

The positioning and placement of the panels according to the invention on the façade are easy due to the presence of apparent references, which allows the rapid execution of work in the workshop and avoids the risk of errors. For a specific surface condition, resulting from the raised grid, the front and / or back sides of the panel have improved retention and adhesion capabilities with the different types of binders ^or fillers generally used for coating ^or fixing these panels on the facades.

Furthermore, the gravitational creep of the enduids and adhesive mortars used is considerably slowed down ^or even avoided thanks to the set of dorsal grooves completed, if necessary, by specific retention cavities. This results in an optimal use of the adhesive binder, an easier placement, a more complete finish and a better grip on the fixing of the panels on the wall.

The dimensional stability of the panels of the invention is, moreover, reliably ensured by the grooves on the front face that allow the deformations produced by the different thermal phenomena to be absorbed.

The invention will be better understood on reading the following description, accompanied by the drawings explained below.

Figure 1 represents a perspective view of the front face of a first embodiment of the panel according to the invention.

Figure 2 represents a perspective view of the dorsal face of the panel of figure 1.

Figure 3 represents a detailed sectional view of the grid of the panel according to the invention.

Figure 4 represents a partial sectional view of the dorsal face of the panel according to the invention.

The panel represented in Figures 1 and 2 is intended to be placed on the exterior vertical walls ^or facades of a building to improve the thermal insulation of the building.

These panels are made by molding a honeycomb material such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), possibly associated with other composite ^or non-composite materials whose thermal properties are known.

They can be made in different sizes and shapes (squares, rectangles, ...).

These panels are placed and then gripped on the façade together so that they adorn the wall over almost all of ^its surface and are comprised around large windows and openings.

The front face 1 of this panel that is represented in figure 1, that is to say the one that is intended to be turned outwards, will be covered after a complementary layer of protective and / or decorative finish.

Due to the temperature differences to which it is exposed, the panel undergoes dimensional variations that are likely to make ^its connection with the mortar-glue more fragile and therefore compromise the strength of ^its fixing to the facade.

In this context and to avoid the appearance of cracks ^or , in general, of areas of degradation, as well as the swaying and / or subsequent detachment of the panel due to the “bimetallic” effect, ^its front façade, which is the most exposed, is previously provided with at least one longitudinal slit 10 intended to ensure the dimensional stability of the panel.

This slit, when closed ^or opened further, compensates, respectively, for the various expansions ^or retractions of the honeycomb material as a function of the external temperature.

In the embodiment illustrated by Figure 1, the front facade 1 comprises in this case two horizontal grooves 10a and two vertical grooves 10b perpendicular to each ^other two by two and parallel to the edges of the panel. According to a preferred variant of the panel of the invention, the depth of these slits is between 10 and 15mm and ^its width is between 1 and 3mm, depending on the thickness of the panel.

This depth represents, in general, between 5 and 50% of the thickness of the panel

Furthermore, the windows 10 form pre-cut lines for the panels that make it possible to facilitate the treatment of singular points in the workshops and therefore limit the thermal bridges.

The front face 1 may also include references 11 for the positioning of anchoring means (screws, plugs, ...) of the panel on the facade. The position of these references is, eventually, determined according to the regulations in force.

These references 11 are in this case made in the form of cylindrical cavities with traverses that facilitate the centering of the anchoring elements.

The depth of these cavities is of the order of 0.5 mm and ^their diameter is 6 cm.

Certain references 11 are placed on the edges of the panel to specifically receive collar studs fixed in the plane of union between two adjacent panels ( ^or more for the corner panels); the collar that rests on the front surfaces of these panels.

In any case, the references 11 are located at a distance from the grooves 10 so as not to make the panel brittle. On the other hand, and in a manner known per se, the edges of the panel may be provided with connecting elements with the adjacent panels.

In the embodiment illustrated by Figure 1, these connection elements comprise in this case a lateral junction X capable of connecting to a groove Y arranged on the immediately adjacent edge, as well as on the edge in relation to the adjacent panel and whose profiles they are complementary.

However, other connection modes are possible such as an assembly with L-edges, by groove, recess, ...

Figure 2 represents the dorsal face 2 of the panel of the invention that is intended to be in contact with the wall of the property.

The face 2 comprises in this case, on most of ^its surface, marks formed by a grid ^or roughness 21 in relief of small dimensions.

These marks 21 are intended to promote the anchoring, on surface 2, of the adhesive binder used to fix the panel to the wall.

According to a variant described below, a grid ^or a roughness identical ^or different from that of the dorsal face may also be present on the façade 1 to improve the adherence of the protective finish.

If necessary, it will be in the same way possible according to an alternative not to make the grid ^or the roughness more than only on the front face 1.

The grid 21 of the dorsal face 2 is in this case constituted by micro-ribs 21a oriented in this case inclined with respect to the edges of the panel at an angle A of 45 °, as illustrated by figure 4. The section of these ribbing is in this case substantially triangular (figure 3).

The grid 21 delimited, between the lines of the ribs 21a, of the boxes 22 embedded and in the form of diamonds in which the adhesive binder, in the form of liquid ^{or viscous} (generally consisting of an enduido ^or a mortar-glue), it has the tendency to flow and settle, allowing a useful amount of adhesive to be kept on the dorsal side of the panel.

Furthermore, grid 21 improves the tensile strength of the panel by creating lines of material that will then be anchored and trapped by the mortar-glue.

Once the face 2 is glued and applied against the wall, the boxes 22 therefore exert locally, depending on the thickness of the mortar-glue, a suction cup effect that makes it possible to ensure panel boarding against the facade. According to a preferred variant, the sides of these diamond-shaped boxes 22 have dimensions d between 5 and 15 mm (Figure 4).

According to other dimensional characteristics of this preferred variant (figure 3), it is provided that the height H of the micro-ribs 21a is between 0.5 and 5 mm, that the angle at the vertex B of ^its triangular section is between 30 ° and 70 ° and, preferably, between 40 ° and 60 ° and that the width L of the triangular section base is between 1 and 2 mm.

As a complement and to reinforce the maintenance of a sufficient quantity of the enduido-cola on the dorsal side 2 of the panel, the latter is provided with a set of parallel grooves 20 (in this case in a number of three), intended to be arranged horizontally during panel placement.

These grooves 20 allow to avoid the gravitational creep of the adhesive binder and ensure ^its retention on the dorsal side 2 of the panel.

An additional advantage of these grooves is to facilitate the orientation and positioning of the panel by workshop operators.

In fact, the panel placement slogan recommends that the grooves 20 be placed horizontally, the operator therefore has no choice regarding the direction of panel placement, in particular, if this is a square whose sides are all equal .

Furthermore, another advantage of the presence of these grooves is to provide greater flexibility to the panel.

Preferably, the grooves 20 on the back face have a dovetail section.

Always according to the preferred variant, the depth of the grooves 20 has a depth of between 3 and 10 mm and a width of between 5 and 15 mm.

The set of elements described above is completed by a series of references 23 that delimit the specific areas of application on the dorsal face 2, of panel anchoring means constituted therefore of an adhesive of the mortar-glue type.

Preferably, these references 23 are constituted by cylindrical cavities that allow, as a complement, and as a complement to the grooves 20, to trap and retain a part of the liquid ^{or viscous} adhesive binder in contact with the dorsal face 2.

The cavities are provided in optimized and, ^if necessary, normalized positions on the dorsal side. In this case, they are located on horseback over the grooves 20 made for stripping so that the mortar-glue can flow in a channeled manner and penetrate deeper into the honeycomb material, which improves the strength of the panel. The depth of these cavities 23 is approximately 0.5 mm and ^their diameter 10 cm.

As illustrated by the variant of figure 2, the dorsal face 2 comprises in this case a peripheral rim 24 slightly undercut (depth 0.5 mm and width 2 mm) which forms a frame and which allows indicating the minimum distance when operating it. to respect between the edge of the panel and the gluing areas (weatherstrip ^or block). This distance is in this case 2 cm.

Another variant, not represented in the drawings, may consist of making the panel symmetrically configuring ^its front face and ^its dorsal face identically.

More precisely, it would therefore be a matter of providing grids 21 on the two faces 1, 2 and of arranging the references 11, 23 and the longitudinal grooves 10 on the front face 1 with the same geometry and the same orientation as the grooves 20 from face 2 dorsal.

This variant can be carried out with a symmetrical mold, which facilitates the method of manufacturing the panels, as well as the placement operations on the façade, since the workshop operators do not have to worry about the direction of placement of the panels.

The table below gives the values of the tensile strength (in the direction perpendicular to the panel faces) of a panel according to the invention of expanded polystyrene, taken as a reference (100% ^o ), compared to traditional panels made of the same material. The resistance values are therefore indicated in relative percentage.

The skin is a superficial layer that results from the molding procedure of the expanded polystyrene. The flush skin corresponds to a rudimentary surface treatment intended to remove this coating.

Claims (15)

re iv in d ic ations 1. Panel for the thermal insulation of the building's facade from the outside, the dorsal face (2) of which comprises a set of parallel grooves (20) intended to be arranged horizontally for the retention of an adhesive binder and a series of references (23) delimiting the specific areas of reception of anchoring means on the facade and, ^{its front} face (1) comprises at least one longitudinal slit (10) intended to ensure the dimensional stability of the panel, characterized in that at least one of ^its faces ( 1, 2) comprises marks formed from a relief grid (21) that delimit, on most of ^its surface, embedded boxes (22). 2. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that said grid (21) is made of ribs (21a). 3. Panel according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the height of the ribs (21a) is between 0.5 and 5 mm. Panel according to one of claims 2 ^or 3, characterized in that the section of said ribs is substantially triangular. 5. Panel according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the angle at the vertex of the triangular section is between 30 ° and 70 °. Panel according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the base of the triangular section is between 1 and 2 mm. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grid (21) forms diamonds (22) whose sides have dimensions between 5 and 15 mm. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that ^{its front} face (1) comprises four grooves (10) perpendicular to each ^other two by two and parallel to the edges of the panel. 9. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said references (23) for receiving anchoring means on the facade are made of cylindrical cavities. 10. Panel according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said cavities are, on the dorsal face (2), on horseback over the grooves (20). Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said grooves (20) of the dorsal face (2) for binder retention have a dovetail section. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the depth of said dorsal face grooves (20) for binder retention have a depth of between 3 and 10 mm and a width of between 5 and 15 mm. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dorsal face (2) comprises a peripheral flange (24) slightly undercut. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front face (1) also includes references (11) for positioning the anchoring means. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that ^{its front} face (1) and ^its dorsal face (2) are identical and both have a grid (21), the references (23) and the slits ( 10) whose profile and orientation conform to the grooves (20).