ES2923936T3 - Installation of roof space insulation and method for roof space insulation - Google Patents

Abstract

Pitched ceiling space insulation installation with a main part comprising an upper face (12a), a lower face (12b) that rests on a ceiling space floor and a conical part (12c) that is arranged at one end of the main part, and is in contact with said ground and with a lower surface of the roof in the vicinity of a lower edge of the roof, comprising a blanket (12) of loose insulation selected from: rock wool, glass wool and cellulose, and an air-permeable unit, provided with regularly distributed openings (11d), arranged on the surface of the conical part (12c) and retaining the loose insulation that forms part of said conical part (12c). (Automatic translation with Google Translate, without legal value)

Description

DESCRIPTION

roof space insulation installation and method for roof space insulation

The invention relates to the insulation of ventilated roof spaces, in particular unused roof spaces, respectively in dormers or, as they are sometimes called, attics. A heated building is insulated in order to reduce heat losses. A significant part of the heat losses can take place through the roof and the roof.

To reduce losses, different types of insulation are provided:

- insulation in the roof, then the roof space above is not insulated;

- insulation on the lower side of the roof, the roof space being then insulated; Y

- insulation of unused roof space, which is often provided in new buildings and/or for low roof spaces that are inconvenient to use, in particular under roofs with a low slope.

Insulation of unused roof space can be done by means of insulation boards or rolls. However, these are sometimes difficult to handle in available access areas, and are problematic to place in areas with low heights. A loose insulation product in the form of flocking is often preferred. The insulation product can be blown from below in the building, in a pulsed air duct towards the attic.

However, it is recommended to avoid contact between the roof covering (tiles, slate or the like) and the insulation product. In fact, the circulation of air under the roof prevents condensation, which is a cause of rapid deterioration of the roof battens and beams. This is difficult to achieve in low roof areas near exterior walls. However, low areas of this type must have insulation that joins with, and covers, the insulation of the exterior walls in order to provide a complete insulated building envelope, respectively to prevent thermal bridging, as this is a preferred area of heat loss.

For the same reason, it is desirable to keep any vents operational, ie air inlets (vents) are left free of insulation.

This is difficult to achieve with a loose insulation product.

Some roof space insulation installations are known from US 6 349 518 B1, US 2010/229498 A1 and CA 2717405 A1.

The object of the invention is to improve the situation.

The invention proposes a pitched roof space insulation installation according to claim 1, with a main portion

comprising an upper face, a lower face that is supported on a roof space floor, and a tapered portion that is arranged at one end of the main portion, and is in contact with said floor and with a roof surface in the immediate vicinity of a lower edge of the roof. The installation comprises a mat of loose insulation selected from: rock wool, glass wool and cellulose, and an air-permeable unit, provided with regularly distributed openings, arranged on the surface of the portion in a tapering section and which retains the loose insulation. which forms part of said portion in decreasing section. The insulation has a density between 10 and 40 kg m-3. The air permeable unit is a grid made of metal. The air permeable unit ensures that loose insulation is retained, thus preventing blockage of vents, and contact with the roof, greatly reducing the risk of loose insulation displacement.

The invention also proposes a pitched roof space insulation installation according to claim 2, with a main portion comprising an upper face, a lower face that is supported on a floor of the roof space, and a lateral face connecting the upper face. upper and lower face, comprising a loose insulation mat selected from: rock wool, glass wool and cellulose, and an air-permeable unit, provided with regularly distributed openings, arranged on the surface of the lateral face, which retains insulation loose and pressed onto roof studs, the mat covering an underlying wall insulation. The insulation has a density between 10 and 40 kg m-3. The air permeable unit is a grid made of metal.

The opening level of the grille is high. According to the invention, the grid is made of metal, and preferably of galvanized steel.

According to one embodiment, said air-permeable unit is non-combustible. In another embodiment, said air-permeable unit is flame retardant.

According to one embodiment, the grid has a square, hexagonal or octagonal mesh with dimensions of 16 mm or less, preferably 14 mm or less in its largest dimension. Said dimensions may be 2 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or more. These dimensions are particularly suitable for rock wool and cellulose. Small dimensions are preferred for stone wool, so the grid contributes significantly to reducing wind speed. Loose insulation retention is satisfactory. However, stone wool and cellulose are preferred in windy areas, eg coastal areas.

According to one embodiment, the insulation is made of rock wool and has a density between 19 and 25 kg m-3.

According to one embodiment, the insulation is in the form of flocking with a diameter greater than 20 mm.

The air-permeable unit comprises a part in contact with the ground, a part in contact with the lower surface of the roof and a part projecting towards the lower edge of the roof. The air-permeable unit is adapted to the shape of the roof beams and the floor. The air-permeable unit can pass under rafters, thus ensuring air circulation between two adjacent rafters and between the roof deck and loose insulation. In this case, the roof covering means the part of the roof that forms the seal against the water, in practice the tiles, slate or other covering elements, while the roof comprises the roof beams and the roof covering.

According to one embodiment, the air-permeable unit is fixed to the ground and/or the roof by means of nails, staples or clampable collars. The application of nails can be carried out with stapling nails. Nails and staples are very suitable for floors and/or roof beams that are made of wood. Clip-on collars are well suited for metal (mesh) or concrete roof beams.

According to one embodiment, the air-permeable unit is in contact with a sleeper, and is preferably attached to the sleeper.

According to another embodiment, the air-permeable unit is fixed to at least one strut of the roof beams of the roof.

Loose insulation products are specified and described in the European standard EN14064-1:2010 “Thermal insulation products for buildings. Loose-fill mineral wool (MW) products formed in place” or EN 15101-1:2013 “Thermal insulation products for buildings. In-situ Formed Loose-Fill Cellulose Products (LFCI).

Among these products, stone wool is preferred due to its cohesion and its mechanical resistance in case of strong wind. Stone wool is well suited to the windy conditions found on the coasts, at altitude and in exposed situations.

The invention also proposes a method for insulating a pitched roof space, according to claim 6, the roof space being provided with a floor, wherein an air-permeable unit provided with regularly distributed openings is fitted in contact with said floor and with a lower roof surface in the vicinity of a lower edge of the roof, and loose insulation selected from: rock wool, glass wool and cellulose is introduced, thus forming a mat, the whole having a main portion comprising a upper face, a lower face supported on the ground, and a tapered portion or a side face disposed at one end of the main portion, the air-permeable unit together with the insulation forming the surface of the tapered portion, and that retains insulation.

The work can be carried out quickly, without being very laborious, and with a low risk of damage caused in access areas.

In this case, the floor means the bottom surface of the roof space including the top surface of the wall. In general, the ground is flat or slightly sloping. However, there may be sloping portions. The ground may be in one or a plurality of planes.

According to one embodiment, the air-permeable unit fits between two adjacent main beams and in contact with said two main beams, and/or between two adjacent rafters and in contact with said two rafters. Retention is guaranteed at the bottom, front or edge of the roof, and at the top.

According to one embodiment, the air-permeable unit is cut from a roll and shaped by pressing it at the corner formed between the ground and the lower roof surface, in the direction of said lower roof edge. The air permeable unit can be cut to the distance between two adjacent main beams and/or rafters. The permeable unit air can be cut off by providing notches for main beams and/or rafters. The air permeable unit can be fixed below the rafters and pass between each pair of main beams, while in contact with the ground.

According to one embodiment, the air-permeable unit is pressed to said corner, thus forming a rounded projection. The air permeable unit can be pressed by means of a tool with a handle. Air permeable unit allows loose insulation to be retained in line with wall insulation.

According to one embodiment, the loose insulation is blown in. Preferably, the loose insulation is permanently formed by blowing.

According to a preferred embodiment, the insulation is rock wool according to the European standard EN 14064-1:2010. The stone wool used has a density between 10 and 40 kg m-3, preferably between 19 and 25 kg m-3. Stone wool can have an average flock size of between 20 and 30 mm.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from a review of the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 schematically illustrates, in a cross-sectional view, an example of installation according to one aspect of the invention;

figure 2 schematically illustrates, in a perspective view, the example of an installation in figure 1 before the insulating mat is arranged; Y

figure 3 schematically illustrates, in a perspective view, an example of installation according to another aspect of the invention.

The accompanying drawings may not only be used to complete the invention, but also contribute to its definition, if applicable, while the invention is defined by the claims.

The purpose of the invention is to allow continuity of insulation between a wall and a loft. In certain cases, the loose insulation is delimited by a wooden panel arranged separately from the wall. There is then a discontinuity between the wall, which is generally insulated, and the insulation of the roof space. This results in significant heat losses. On the other hand, if panels of this type are absent, then the loose insulation is spread out either until it falls on the sleeper, in the case of the restoration of a house with conventional roof beams, or until much is found. beyond the wall in the case of a modern house, thus blocking the vents which are generally arranged on the lower cantilevered side of the roof. Loose insulation also comes into contact with the roof itself, between small stringers or between rafters, thus creating a risk of condensation.

Conventional roof beams generally comprise roof-supporting battens, and are supported by rafters in the direction of slope, the latter in turn being supported by horizontal purlins. The bottom purlin is supported on the wall and is known as the sleeper. The other belts are supported on trusses that are several meters apart. The truss has a triangular base structure with or without struts and/or braces.

Modern or industrial roof trusses generally comprise battens that support the roof deck, and are supported by small precast timber, concrete or steel stringers. The small stringers are separated by a few tens of centimeters, substantially by the distance between the two aforementioned rafters. The small stringer has a triangular base structure. There are different types of supports between the main parts that form the three sides of the small stringer triangle to compensate the load of the roof deck and limit the support distances, that is, in the form of a pillar, an “M”, a “N”, a “W”, a fan or a trimmed joist, etc.

The Applicant has noted that low areas, near the edge of the roof, were often affected by a thermal bridge. It is desirable that such low areas have insulation that substantially joins with and covers the wall insulation to prevent thermal bridging, as this is a preferred area for heat loss. However, the roof also requires ventilation to prevent condensation. Vents and air passages are vital to the sustainability of the roof.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, a building comprises a wall 1 with a visible upper surface 1a, a dormer floor 2 and roof beams 3. In this case, the upper surface 1a is horizontal. The upper surface may form part of the floor. The floor 2 may comprise wood-based panels, for example of the OSB type, or gypsum. The roof beams 3 have small stringers 4. Beyond the wall 1, the roof is cantilevered, and is provided with a lower layer 5 of roof.

The small stringer 4 of the roof beams 3 comprises a main beam 6 and a main rafter 7, the other main rafter not being visible in the figure. The main beam 6 is supported on the wall 1. In this case, the floor 2 is located separately below the main beam 6. The main beam 6 and the main rafter 7 are fixed to each other projecting beyond the wall 1. The roof beams 3 comprise battens 8 which are fixed on the main rafter 7. The roof covering 9, which in this case consists of tiles, is supported on the battens 8 of the roof beams 3. The lower roof layer 5 is fixed on the lower surface of the main beams 6 .

The insulation installation 10 comprises an air-permeable unit, provided with regularly distributed openings. Said air-permeable unit is a grid 11. The grid 11 is in one piece. The grid 11 is made of galvanized steel. The grid 11 has a square mesh. The poorly shaped lid openings regularly distributed. Alternatively, the grid 11 has a hexagonal or octagonal mesh. The grid 11 is made of welded wires. Alternatively, the grid 11 is made of twisted wires. The grid 11 has a mesh with mesh dimensions of between 2 and 16 mm, preferably between 5 and 16 mm, and more preferably between 10 and 14 mm. The grid 11 comprises wires with a diameter between 0.4 and 1.5 mm, and preferably between 0.6 and 1.2 mm.

The grid 11, which is packed in rolls, is unrolled. The grid 11 is formed below the main rafters 7. The grid 11 passes between the main beams 6. The grid 11 is supported on an upper surface 1a of the wall 1. The grid 11 is fixed on the roof beams 3 by fixing units 13.

More particularly, the grid 11 comprises an upper portion 11a, a lower portion 11b and a central portion 11c. The upper portion 11a has a slope that is substantially equal to the slope of the roof covering. The upper portion 11 occupies more than half of the grid 11. The upper portion 11 is stapled or nailed to the main rafters 7 . The upper portion 11a has a free edge located at a higher level than the main beams 6. The area with a rectangular cross section formed between two adjacent main rafters 7, in the horizontal direction, and between the lower side of the roof deck 9 and the plane passing under the main rafters 7, in the slope direction of the roof, it is free for air circulation in the direction of the arrows 19 in figure 1.

The lower portion 11b is substantially horizontal. The lower portion 11b is formed on the upper surface 1a of the wall 1. The lower portion 11b is supported on the upper surface 1a of the wall 1. The lower portion 11b may be attached to the upper surface 1a of the wall 1. Preferably, the lower portion 11b is free with respect to the upper surface 1a of the wall 1, the contact being guaranteed by the elasticity of the grid 11 and the weight of the insulation. The lower portion 11 b has a small size, for example, about 4 to 10 cm. The lower portion 11b has a free edge that is cut away towards the interior of the building.

The central portion 11 c is disposed between the upper portion 11 a and the lower portion 11 b. The central portion 11 c forms a rounded angle that is substantially equal to the slope of the roof. The central portion 11c has a rounded radius of approximately a few centimeters.

The grid 11 can be placed by cutting notches corresponding to the main beams 6. Therefore, the central portion 11c and the lower portion 11b are cut longitudinally to give a plurality of sections, all joined to the upper portion 11a. Each section of the central portion 11c and the lower portion 11b is disposed between two adjacent main beams 6. The application of staples or nails on one face of the vertical main beam 6 can be carried out.

The cut grid 11 is then placed by pushing it manually or with a tool. First of all, it is possible to place the notches in the main beams 6 and then deform the grid 11 by pushing the central portion 11c towards the outside of the building. The central portion 11c may be flush with the outer surface of the wall 1.

The insulation installation 10 comprises a mat 12 made of loose insulation. The insulation may be in the form of flocking. The flocking can have an average diameter of approximately 20 to 40 mm, depending on the selected insulation material. The insulation is selected from: rock wool, glass wool and cellulose. Rock wool has good cohesion. The rock wool may be the product marketed by the applicant under the reference Jetrock. The product, when installed according to the provisions of the CSTB, that is, 'Technical Specification Guidelines (CPT) 3693 (Thermal insulation of roof spaces: methods for insulation by blowing loose insulation forming the subject of a Technical Opinion or of a Technical Application Document)', can have a density between 19 and 25 kg m-3 in the blown state.

Alternatively, a glass wool product may be of the "Comblissimo" type from St Gobain Isover, with a density between 11 kg m-3 and 15 kg m-3 in the blown state.

A loose cellulose product can be of the “Univercell” type from Soprema, with a density between 28 kg m-3 and 35 kg m-3 in the blown state.

The mat 12 is placed after the grid 11 has been adjusted. The mat 12 is generally one to several tens of centimeters thick depending on the local climate, the applicable standards and the required thermal performance.

Preferably, the loose insulation is installed and blown. As an example, an operator located outside vacuums open loose insulation from the upstream side of a duct. The loose insulation comes from previously produced packaging. The aspiration is carried out by means of a blower that flows into the duct. An operator located in the attic manipulates a blower nozzle that forms the downstream part of the duct. The loose insulation is spread across the floor 2 to the required thickness. The loose insulation extends until it comes into contact with the inner face of the grid 11, in particular the concave face of the central portion 11c. The continuity of the insulation with the wall 1 which is insulated by other means is guaranteed.

Furthermore, since the extension of the mat 12 is limited towards the outside by the grid 11, the unnecessary presence of insulation beyond the wall 1 is avoided. The air circulation rising from the cantilevered part of the roof is free. In the case of a cantilever part without a lower roof layer, the insulation is prevented from falling by passing between the roof covering 9 and the wall 1. In the case of a cantilever part with a lower roof layer 5, for example, a bottom face plate, the aeration openings 20 provided in the lower roof layer 5 are prevented from being blocked by insulation protruding from the wall 1. The aeration openings 20 are kept clear. The grid 11 prevents the insulation from reaching between two adjacent main rafters 7 . The mat 12 is spaced from the roof covering 9 to maintain a ventilation air passage. Condensation is reduced.

The mat 12 has a main portion comprising an upper face 12a, a lower face 12b which is supported on the floor 2, and a tapered portion 12c which is disposed at one end of the main portion. The tapered portion 12c is in contact with the upper surface 1a of the wall 1. The tapered portion 12c is in contact with a lower surface of the roof, in this case the lower surface of the main rafters 7 in the immediate vicinity from the lower edge of the roof. The tapered portion 12c is held in place by the grid 11, which forms an air-permeable unit with regularly distributed openings. The tapered portion 12c is in continuity with the wall 1.

The upper face 12a is arranged at a height less than or equal to the free edge of the upper portion 11a.

For roof beams with metal or concrete lattices, the grid 11 can be fixed by clampable collars.

The grid can be packaged together with the insulation. For example, an insulation bag may be surrounded by the grid, which in turn is covered by packaging. Grid fasteners (staples, nails, or an attachable collar) may be packaged along with the grid and insulation.

Stone wool is preferred due to its stability with respect to high winds. Tests have been carried out with Jetrock loose stone wool, as specified above, in a wind tunnel. With a wind speed of 126 km/h off the roof and at various angles of incidence, it was found that there was no displacement of the stone wool from mat 12. For the tests, a grid with a mesh size of 12 mm was used. A 3m by 3.5m building was constructed using roof beams with small stringers. The roof slope is 45%. The thickness of the mat is 365 mm for rock wool and 375 mm for glass wool, giving the same coefficient R = 8 m2K/W. The area of the ventilation air passages complies with the DTU (building code). Two types of air intake are tested; one through curved tiles and the other through under-roof vents. The building is subjected to a wind at an angle of incidence of 0° and at an angle of incidence of azimuth of 30°. The wind is adjusted from 5 to 35 m/s in steps of 5 m/s over a period of 5 minutes. Four configurations are tested:

1) 0° angle of incidence, air inlet through the tiles

2) 0° angle of incidence, air inlet through the aerators

3) 0° angle of incidence, air intake through tiles and aerators

4) 30° angle of incidence, air inlet through the tiles up to 25 m/s.

The stone wool remains in place in the cases tested at the test speeds, including the highest test speeds.

In circumstances where the density of the loose insulation in the blown state is close to the lower limits indicated above, for example around 15 kg m-3 or less, and where the cohesion between flocking is low, it may be beneficial to provide a grid with a small mesh.

In one embodiment, the elements are similar to those described above, except that the roof beams are made of metal. Each small stringer comprises a main beam, a main rafter and N-shaped spacers.

There is a strut positioned within the N-shaped spacers. The strut is substantially vertical. The prop is positioned next to the edge of the roof. The strut is substantially flush with the underlying wall. If there are multiple struts on a roof side, the strut is the smallest of the struts. The brace forms a subdivision of the triangle formed by the main beams and the main rafter to give a smaller and mechanically stronger triangle. A spacer is sloped in a direction opposite to the main rafter. The inclined spacer is attached to the joint between the stanchion and the main rafter. The spacer is fixed, at its opposite end, to the main beam and, if appropriate, to another prop.

The grid is unrolled and cut to size. The grating is positioned with a lower edge supported on the floor or on a floor beam and a free upper edge. The top edge is away from the roof deck and battens. The grid is fixed to the strut on the opposite side of the roof edge. The fixing units in this case comprise clamping collars that pass around the stanchion and/or the main rafter. The fixing units may comprise nails for fixing to the ground. The grate can be placed without notch cutouts when the floor surface is flat. The grid is rectangular in shape. The grid is located in a substantially vertical plane. The grid is located beyond the insulated part of the wall, towards the cantilevered part of the roof. In this case, the wall insulation is interior or in the mass. For an externally insulated wall, it is advantageous if the strut is positioned as close as possible to the cantilevered part, eg flush with the external surface of the wall.

The mat is then inserted to a height a few centimeters less than the height of the grid. The mat is supported on the ground by its lower face. The upper face of the mat is free. The grid defines a side face of the mat. Due to the porosity of the grid, the mat and the grid form the side face of the insulation installation as a whole.

In the embodiment of figure 3, the elements are similar to those described above, except that the roof beams 3 are traditionally made of wood. The roof beams 3 comprise the rafters 7 which are supported on the purlins 21 and a sleeper 22 which is supported on the height of the wall 1. The grid 11 is flat. The grille 11 is fixed to the lower side of the rafters 7.

There is a free air passage between the rafters 7. The grid 11 is fixed by means of nails on the underside of the rafters 7. The grid 11 is in contact, through its lower edge, with a surface, for example the surface upper, of the sleeper 22. The mat 12 is in contact with the grid 11 and the sleeper 22, possibly with an upper edge of the wall 1. The tapered portion 12c is formed in this case between the grid 11 and the sleeper 22.

The invention is not limited to the examples of the method and installation described above merely by way of example, but incorporates all the variations that those skilled in the art can envisage within the limits of the following claims.

Claims (8)

Yo. pitched roof space insulation installation with a main portion comprising an upper face (12a), a lower face (12b) that is supported on a roof space floor, and a tapered portion (12c) that is arranged at one end of the main portion, and is in contact with said ground and with a lower roof surface in the vicinity of a lower edge of the roof, comprising a mat (12) of loose insulation selected from: rock wool, wool glass and cellulose, where the insulation has a density of between 10 and 40 kg m-3, and an air-permeable unit, provided with regularly distributed openings (lid), arranged on the surface of the portion (12c) in section decreasing and retaining the loose insulation that forms part of said portion (12c) in decreasing section, where the air-permeable unit is a grid (11) made of metal and comprises a part (11b) in contact with the ground, a p art (11a) in contact with the lower surface of the roof and a part (11c) protruding towards the lower edge of the roof. 2. Pitched roof space insulation installation with a main portion comprising an upper face (12a), a lower face (12b) that is supported on a roof space floor, and a side face connecting the face (12a ) upper and the lower face (12b), comprising a mat (12) of loose insulation selected from: rock wool, glass wool and cellulose, where the insulation has a density between 10 and 40 kg m-3, and an air-permeable unit, provided with regularly distributed openings (11d), arranged on the side face, retaining loose insulation and pressed onto roof studs, the mat covering an underlying wall insulation, wherein the air-permeable unit it is a grid (11) made of metal and comprises a part (11b) in contact with the ground, a part (11a) in contact with the lower surface of the roof and a part (11c) protruding towards the lower edge of the roof. 3. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the grid (11) is made of galvanized steel, the grid (11) having a square, hexagonal or octagonal mesh with dimensions between 2 and 16 mm, preferably between 5 and 14 mm. Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the air-permeable unit is fixed to the ground and/or the roof by means of nails, staples or clampable collars. 5. Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insulation is made of rock wool and has a density of between 19 and 25 kg m-3, the insulation preferably being in the form of flocking with a diameter greater than 20 mm . 6. Method for insulating a pitched roof space, the roof space being provided with a floor, wherein an air-permeable unit having regularly distributed openings (11d) is fitted in contact with said floor and with a surface of lower roof in the vicinity of a lower edge of the roof, and a loose insulation selected from: rock wool, glass wool and cellulose is introduced, thus forming a mat (12), where the insulation has a density between 10 and 40 kg m , and the assembly having a main portion comprising an upper face, a lower face supported on the ground, and a tapered portion or a side face disposed at one end of the main portion, forming the air-permeable unit together with the insulation the surface of the portion in tapered section, and which retains the insulation, wherein the air-permeable unit is a grid (11) made of metal and is configured to c comprising a part (11b) in contact with the ground, a part (11a) in contact with the lower surface of the roof and a part (11c) protruding towards the lower edge of the roof. Method according to claim 6, wherein the air-permeable unit fits between two adjacent main beams (6) and in contact with said two main beams (6) and in contact with rafters or main rafters (7). Method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the air-permeable unit is cut from a roll and shaped by pressing it at the corner formed between the ground and the lower roof surface, in the direction of said lower edge of the roof. roof, the air-permeable unit forming a rounded projection.