ES2944319T3 - Baling press and control procedure for this - Google Patents

Abstract

No significant time delays due to the input of the piston (8) and the generation of the necessary This is achieved by the fact that the piston (8) is supported by a support plate (25) held in the casing (2) tube (21) in which a pressure piston (22) with a T-shaped cross section is mounted so that it can move axially consists of a carriage (23) which is associated with the open end of the pressure piston (22) and is fixed to the pressure piston (22), and consists of a fixed cylinder (24) that encloses the pressure piston (22) and the carriage (23), to which the tube (21) and the cylinder (24) are attached to the support plate (25) connected to the casing (2), that the support plate (25) and the tube (21) form or enclose a first pressure chamber (R1). that the support plate (25) forms or encloses the outside of the tube (21), (Automatic translation with Google Translate, without legal value)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Baling press and control procedure for this

The invention relates to a baling press according to the preamble of claim 1.

From EP 2848397 B1 such a baling press is known by which a filled material, in particular cardboard, grass, earth or other objects, is pressed in a pressing chamber of the baling press by means of a ram. of pressing. The pressing core is mounted in a housing of the baling press in an axially displaceable manner and can thus be moved in the direction of the pressing chamber by means of hydraulic fluid. As the pressing core enters the pressing chamber, the objects inserted therein are compacted and pressed into a bale, which is tied, for example, by means of a wire strapping in the longitudinal direction of the casing and which is then it can be removed from the baling press housing from a door opening.

This type of baling press has proven itself in practice, but considerable hydraulic forces are required to advance the pressing core. In addition, the length of the baling press must be adapted to the spatial conditions of a customer and is therefore limited, so that the strokes of the pressing core often cannot exceed a certain distance. Therefore, from the aforementioned disclosure, suggestions for the arrangement of various pressing cores and the hydraulic circuits for their operation emerge. In this connection, several of these pressing plugs are arranged adjacent to one another and are actuated or controlled as a function of the position of the respective pressing plug.

Due to the existing number of punches, a large pressing area is created, which increases the pressing force of the entire arrangement of punches and the strokes of the individual punches are limited to a minimum.

The operating states of the pressing plug can be defined, starting from its initial position, in such a way that the filled material, in particular cardboard packages, is moved into the pressing chamber by means of the pressing plug. The more such objects enter the pressing chamber through the pressing plug, the greater the compacting or pressing force required, as the separate objects are compressed into a bale. These pressing processes with an initially low pressing force, which increases as a function of the filled objects and their number, require a rapid forward movement of the pressing plug. This means that the linear movements of the pressing plug during this compaction process must occur with little delay. Only when enough objects have been compacted in the compaction chamber and the bale is to be formed, it is necessary to increase the compaction force of the pressing core.

Bullet presses are known from US 5,186,095, US 4,955,282 according to the preamble of claim 1.

Through the document EP 2848397 B1, a baling press of this type has been disclosed, which has several pressing plugs that are actuated by means of a control unit depending on the position of the objects in the pressing chamber and depending on the number of stuffed objects, so that on the one hand a rapid forward movement is produced to compact the stuffed articles in the pressing chamber and, on the other hand, a pressing force can be generated by which the compacted objects are compressed into a bale with the desired outer dimensions.

Disadvantageously, this described baling press consists of several pressing cores in order to be able to generate the necessary compacting force acting on the objects to manufacture the bale. In addition, the individual pressure spaces of the respective pressing plugs are filled with hydraulic fluid, which causes delays, since the individual pressure spaces and the associated advancement of the pressing plugs require energy or force for the respective generation or transmission of which it takes a lot of time.

Therefore, it is the object of the invention to provide a baling press of the type mentioned at the beginning, as well as a control method for the operation of said baling press, whereby, on the one hand, a rapid forward movement of the core pressure and a sufficiently high pressing force act with the aid of the pressing ram on the objects to be compacted without considerable delays in this respect due to the advancement of the pressing ram and the generation of the required contact pressure .

This objective is solved by means of a baling press with the characteristics of claim 1.

Further advantageous developments of the invention are apparent from the dependent claims.

As the pressing core is formed by a tube supported on a support plate attached to the casing in which a pressure plunger with a T-shaped cross section is mounted in an axially displaceable manner, by a carriage associated with the open end of the pressure piston and which is attached to the pressure piston, and by a cylinder stationary enclosing the pressure piston and carriage, the tube and cylinder being fixed to a support plate attached to the housing, the support plate and tube forming or enclosing a first pressure space, forming or enclosing the support plate, the exterior of the tube, the first free surface of the carriage and the interior of the cylinder a second pressure space, by forming or enclosing the support plate, the exterior of the tube, the first free surface of the carriage and the interior of the cylinder a second pressure space, by forming or enclosing the outside of the pressure piston, the second free surface of the carriage and the interior of the cylinder a third pressure space, and by being made in each of the three pressure spaces a opening that is connected to the hydraulic circuit, on the one hand, a rapid forward movement of the pressure piston is achieved to compact the filled objects inside the pressing chamber and, on the other hand, an increased pressure force can be applied both to the pressure surface of the pressure piston and the free surface of the carriage, a force that acts on the objects present in the pressing chamber and compresses them to form a bale. Since both the inner surface of the pressure piston, which runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the housing, and the freely accessible surface of the slide, which are associated in each case with the first and second pressure spaces, the available contact surface is increased, with which achieves an increase in the pressure force. The sum of the diameters of the contact surfaces of the pressure piston and the diameter of the carriage surface corresponds approximately to the diameter of the cylinder.

In addition, the length of such a baling press is considerably limited compared to known baling presses, since the installation space is used perpendicular to the pressing direction and it is not necessary to arrange several pressing cores consecutively to generate the necessary compaction force. However, it is easily conceivable to arrange several pressing cores designed according to the invention adjacent and/or consecutively, if space is available. Advantageously, if there are several pressing cores, these are connected to a hydraulic circuit, so that the movements and positioning of the respective pressing cores can be adjusted as a function of the required compacting or pressing force.

Since only one hydraulic circuit is required for the movements of the ram(s) and the hydraulic circuit is electrically connected to a control unit, the sequence of movements and the required compaction or pressing force of the ram can be adjusted through this.

When the plunger first compresses the filled objects and is thus plunged into the pressing chamber, a quick or swift movement of the pressing plug is required to release the filling funnel through which the objects are filled into the interior of the chamber. Case. In addition, several compaction cycles are needed to compress the often unwieldy and bulky objects. The carriage, which is attached to the outside of the pressure piston, is driven by it in such a way that a negative pressure is created in the second pressure space through which hydraulic fluid from the reservoir is sucked into it. . When the pressure piston is withdrawn, the hydraulic fluid from the second pressure space returns to the reservoir. Thus, the compression force in the first pressure space is used not only for the movements of the pressure piston, but also for filling the second pressure space with hydraulic fluid.

Therefore, as soon as the compaction operation is completed and the greatest pressing force has to act on the objects present in the pressing chamber and already compacted, the second pressure space is filled with hydraulic fluid by means of a second pump, which which creates an additional pressing force acting on the carriage surface which is freely accessible and faces the second pressing space.

In order to empty the first and second pressure space as quickly as possible after completion of the pressing operation and without spending a lot of energy, a third pressure space is provided, which runs between the outside of the pressure piston, the carriage and the inside. of the cylinder. Into this third pressure space, hydraulic fluid is injected through a third opening, which acts on the surfaces of the carriage facing the third pressure space and presses it and consequently also the pressure piston back into the third pressure space. initial position. In this connection, a compression force acts on the hydraulic fluid present in the first and second pressure spaces, whereby the hydraulic fluids are pushed from the first and second pressure spaces into the reservoir.

In order to avoid hydraulic damage to the respective pump, they are installed in a hydraulic fluid transport line and, when the hydraulic fluid is pushed back, it is led around the respective pump in a discharge line. By means of control valves in the pressure and discharge lines, which are electrically coupled to the control equipment, the hydraulic circuit can thus be switched depending on the operating mode of the pump to be set, either for release or block the pressure line or to release or block the discharge line.

The drawing shows a baling press and a control procedure for the operation of the baling press, which are explained in more detail below. In detail, it shows:

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a baling press with a casing and a pressing plug mounted in the casing so that it can be moved axially, with a pressing chamber closed off by the casing, into which objects can be inserted through a funnel-shaped opening in order to compact them, in the initial position of the pressing male,

FIG. 2 an enlarged sectional view of the pressing core according to FIG. 1,

Figure 3a the pressing male according to figure 2, which is connected to a hydraulic circuit, in initial position,

Figure 3b the pressing male according to figure 2 during the pressing operation and

FIG. 3c the pressing plug according to FIG. 2 during the retraction of the pressing plug.

Figure 1 shows a bale press 1 through which objects 6 are compressed into a bale 9. For transport, the bale 9 is tied by means of a wire loop 40 which must be arranged or aligned in the longitudinal direction 3 of the bale press 1 to prevent individual objects 6 from separating.

The baling press 1 consists of a casing 2 through which a pressing chamber 4 with five side walls is formed. One of the side walls of the pressing chamber 4 is closed by a door 5 that can be opened to extract the bale 9 with the strap 40. In addition, the baling press 1 comprises a hopper opening 7 through which objects individual 6, eg cardboard boxes or other waste products, can be thrown into the pressing chamber 4.

Furthermore, an axially movable pressing plug 8 is associated with the baling press 1, which closes the last open side of the parallelepiped-shaped pressing chamber 4 and thus faces it. The linear movement of the pressing core 8 pushes the loose objects 6 present in the pressing chamber 4 towards the door 5, which consequently acts as a stop in the closed state. The more individual objects 6 are in the pressing chamber 4, the more densely they will be compacted by the linear movement of the pressing core 8. Consequently, the pressing core 8 has to permanently perform a rapid linear movement from the initial position to a final position in order to compact the filled objects 6 in several cycles. Only when a correspondingly high compaction rate of the objects 6 introduced into the pressing chamber 4 has been reached, the pressing core 8 must exert an increased compacting force on these objects 6, thus generating the compressed bale 9. As soon as the strap 40 has been placed around the bale 9 thus produced and fixed in place, the pressing pin 8 must return to its initial position with as little loss of time as possible.

In order to drive the pressing plug 8, this is connected to a hydraulic circuit 11, which is actuated or controlled by a control device 18 as a function of the respective position of the pressing plug 8.

Figure 2 shows the constructive structure of the pressing core 8. The pressing core 8 consists of a tube 21 that is fixed to a support plate 25 attached to the casing 2. The tube 21 and the support plate 25 form a first pressure chamber R ¹ , which is connected to the hydraulic circuit 11 through an opening 15.

On the outside of the tube 21 an axially displaceable mounted pressure piston 22 is arranged. The first free end of the pressure piston 22, which faces the pressing chamber 4, forms a pressure surface A1, on which a hydraulic fluid 20 pressed in the first pressure space R ¹ acts and, depending on the pressure prevailing, generates a force by means of which the pressure piston 22 can move towards the pressing chamber 4 and, consequently, exert a compacting force on it. A carriage 23 is provided or attached to the second free end of the pressure piston 22, opposite the pressure surface A ¹ . The carriage 23 has two freely accessible surfaces, identified as pressure surfaces A ² and A ³ .

The tube 21, the pressure piston 22 and the carriage 23 are arranged inside a cylinder 24. The cylinder 24 is connected to the support plate 25. The diameter of the pressure piston 22 and of the carriage 23 corresponds approximately to the diameter of the cylinder 24.

The carriage 23, the cylinder 24 and the support frame 25 enclose a second pressure space R ² in which an opening 16 is incorporated, whereby the pressure space R ² is coupled to the hydraulic circuit 11.

Furthermore, the pressure piston 22, the carriage 23 and the cylinder 24 enclose a third pressure space R ³ . To close it to the outside, a cover 26 is placed on the free end of the cylinder 24 facing the pressing chamber 4. In the cylinder wall 24, in the area of the cover 26, an opening 17 has been made, which thus opens into the third pressure space R ³ and which is connected to the hydraulic circuit 11.

The support frame 25 is fixed to the casing 2 of the baling press 1, so that both the tube 21 and the cylinder 24 bear against the casing 2 in an oriented manner.

Figures 3a, 3b and 3c show the three different operating positions of the cylinder 8 and the details of the hydraulic circuit 11 with the corresponding positions of the components provided in the hydraulic circuit 11 necessary for the compression and pressing operation. This gives rise to a control procedure.

First, the hydraulic fluid 20 is drawn from the reservoir 10 to a pressure conduit 19 connected to the pump 31, since the pump 31 is activated.

A first equipment 12 for pumping and suction of the hydraulic circuit 11 has two branches, in which a control valve 35 is inserted in each case. The first control valve 35 in connection with the inlet of the pump 31 opens in this connection in the direction of the pump 31 and the discharge lines 19' leading from it are closed. The second control valve 35 is also correspondingly switched by the control equipment 18 so that the hydraulic fluid 20 flows into the first pressure space R ¹ at a predetermined pressure.

Both the pumps 31, 32 and 33 as well as the control valves 35 of each of the three pumping and suction equipment 12, 13 and 14 are connected to the control equipment 18 by means of electrical lines 34 and, therefore, can be controlled or regulated by it. Due to the pressure prevailing in the first pressure space R ¹ , the hydraulic fluid 20 flows into the tube 21 and presses against the contact surface A ¹ of the pressure piston 22, whereby it moves to the left. pressing chamber 4.

The second pumping and suction unit 13 is switched in such a way that the hydraulic fluid 20 is sucked directly from the reservoir 10 into the second pressure space R ² . The pressure line 19, in which the pump 32 is arranged, is closed by the two control valves 35. The forward movement of the pressure piston 22 and of the carriage 23 fixed to it creates, in fact, a negative pressure in the second pressure space R ² , through which the hydraulic fluid 20 is sucked out of the tank 10, since that the discharge conduit 19' is open or released by means of the control valves 35.

The third pumping and suction unit 14 is completely open. This means that the pressure line 19 in which the pump 34 is installed is closed by the control valves 35, so that the hydraulic fluid 20 is expelled from the third pressure space R ³ through the discharge line 19' towards the tank 10. Indeed, the second surface A ³ of the carriage 23 pushes the hydraulic fluid 20 introduced into the third pressure space R ³ out of the pressure piston 22 and of the carriage 23 during the advance.

In order to achieve a cyclical movement of the pressing piston 22, by means of which the individual objects 6 are initially to be compressed in the pressing chamber 4, a corresponding forward and backward movement can be established for the pressing piston 22 by switching the three devices 12, 13 and 14 pumping and suction.

FIG. 3b shows that the compression force produced by the pressure piston 22 and its pressure surface A ¹ and the pressure in the first pressure space R ¹ can be increased considerably. For this, the pump 32 provided in the second pumping and suction equipment 13 is put into operation and the control valves 35 are moved to the position of opening the pressure line 19 in which the pump 32 is installed and closing the line. 19' discharge that runs parallel. Consequently, a corresponding pressure prevails in the first and second pressure spaces R ¹ and R ² , which acts both on the pressure surface A ¹ of the pressure piston 22 and on the pressure surface A ² of the carriage 23. In this way, the hydraulic fluid 20 exits completely under pressure from the third pressure space R ³ and the cover 26 serves as a stop for the movements of the pressure piston 22 and the carriage 23. In this way, the pressing force is generated by the pressure prevailing both in the first pressure space R ¹ and in the second pressure space R ² and the pressure surfaces A ¹ and A ² . Before the start of this pressing operation, the last objects are thrown into the pressing chamber 4, so that the distance between the pressure piston 22 and the objects 6 already present is filled by them, whereby the pressure can be influenced. the pressing effect.

In order for the pressure piston 22 to return to its initial position, the first and second pumping and suction units 12 and 13 must be opened and the third pumping and suction unit 14 must be activated. This means that the pressure lines 19, in which the pumps 31 and 32 are installed, are closed by the control valves 35 and the discharge lines 19', which run parallel to them, are open. Consequently, the hydraulic fluid 20 present in the two pressure spaces R ¹ and R ² can flow towards the reservoir 10 without resistance. To do this, the third pump 33 is activated and the control valves 35 of the third pumping and suction equipment 14 close the discharge conduit 19'. Consequently, the pump 33 forces the hydraulic fluid from the reservoir 10 into the third pressure space R ³ . Due to the pressure prevailing there and the surface A ³ of the slide 23 facing the third pressure space R ³ , a return force is generated, whereby the slide 23 and the pressure piston 22 attached to it move back in the direction of the support plate 25, that is to say, to its initial position.

Claims (9)

Yo. Baling press (1) with a casing (2) and a pressing chamber (4) enclosed by the casing (2) into which cardboard, waste, earth or other objects (6) can be introduced for compaction, with at least one pressing core (8) mounted in the housing (2) in an axially displaceable manner which enters the pressing chamber (4) and thereby compresses the objects (6) into a bale (9), with a hydraulic circuit (11) through which the pressing male (8) is driven towards the pressing chamber (4) and returned to its initial position, wherein the pressing male (8) is formed by a tube (21) that rests on a support plate (25) attached to the casing (2) and in which a pressure plunger (22) designed with axially displaceable T-shaped cross section, by a carriage (23) that is associated with the open end of the pressure piston (22) and is fixed to the pressure piston (22), and by a stationary cylinder (24) that surrounds the pressure piston (22) and the carriage (23), characterized in that The tube (21) and the cylinder (24) are fixed to the support plate (25) attached to the casing (2), because the support plate (25) and the tube (21) form or enclose a first space. (R ¹ ) of pressure, because the support plate (25) forms or encloses the exterior of the tube (21), the first free surface (23') of the carriage (23) and the interior of the cylinder (24) of a second space (R ² ) of pressure, because the exterior of the pressure piston (22), the second free surface (23") of the carriage (23) and the interior of the cylinder (24) form or enclose a third pressure space (R ³ ), because in each of the three pressure spaces (R ¹ , R ² and R ³ ), an opening (15, 16, 17) is made that is connected to the hydraulic circuit (11), because the hydraulic circuit (11) uses three pumping and suction equipment (12, 13, 14) that can function independently of each other and is regulated depending on the position of the pressing male (8) by means of a device ( 18) for control, and because the hydraulic fluid (20) can be alternately pressed or sucked from the pressure spaces (R ¹ , R ² , R ³ ) by the pumping and suction equipment (12, 13, 14). hydraulic circuit (11) in each case independently of each other. because in each pumping and suction equipment (12, 13, 14) there is a pump (31, 32, 33) and at least one control valve (35) through which the hydraulic fluid (20) passes from a tank (10) to the respective pressure space (R ¹ , R ² or R ³ ) or is sucked or pressed towards the tank (10). Baling press according to claim 1, characterized by the internal diameter of the cylinder (24) corresponds approximately to the diameter of the pressure piston (22) and of the carriage (23). Baling press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by The two freely accessible surfaces (23', 23") of the carriage (23) are provided as pressure surface (A ² ), because the pressure piston (22) can be moved linearly in the tube (21). Baling press according to one of the aforementioned claims, characterized by the pressure piston (22) and the carriage (23) can move together in the cylinder (24) and the volumes of the pressure spaces (R ¹ , R ² R ³ ) are modified depending on the position of the carriage (23 ). Baling press according to one of the aforementioned claims, characterized by the second and third pressure spaces (R ² , R ³ ) are separated from each other in a fluid-tight manner by the carriage (22). Baling press according to claim 5, characterized by A vent valve (36) is mounted on the pressure plunger (22). 7. Baling press according to claim 6, characterized by The hydraulic fluid (20) pressed in the first pressure space (R ¹ ) moves the pressure plunger (22) linearly in the tube (21) towards the pressing chamber (4), and because the movements of the plunger (22) ) of pressure and of the carriage (23) in the second space (R ² ) of pressure create a negative pressure through which the hydraulic fluid (20) is sucked from the tank (10) towards the second space (R ² ) of pressure. Baling press according to one of the aforementioned claims, characterized by Several pressing plugs (8) arranged consecutively and/or adjacently are provided, and each one of the pressing plugs (8) is connected to the hydraulic circuit (11). 9. Baling press according to claim 8, characterized by the hydraulic fluid (20) reaches several pressure conduits (19) associated with the hydraulic circuit (11) or alternatively to discharge conduits (19') in the pressure conduit (19), through the position of the valves (35) of control.