ES2957745A2 - WOODEN SETS FOR JOINTS OF STRUCTURES - Google Patents

Abstract

The assembly (1, 39, 59, 79, 90, 99) comprises a first wooden element (2, 40, 60, 80, 100) that has a first shape, a second element (9, 41, 61, 81, 103) of wood with a complementary shape to that of the first element (2, 40, 60, 80, 100) thanks to which it can be directly mechanically connected to said first element (2, 40, 60, 80, 100) , and a third element (15, 42, 62, 82, 107) of wood that has a complementary shape to the first element (2, 40, 60, 80, 100) and the second element (9, 41, 61, 81, 103) of wood and that due to this complementary shape can be mechanically connected directly with said first (2, 40, 60, 80, 100) and second (9, 41, 61, 81, 103) elements being located between them . Once the first, second and third elements are mechanically connected to each other, their shapes allow one or more supplementary elements (16, 26, 34, 36, 37, 38, 44, 45, 50, 51, 53, 64, 75 , 76, 83, 115) of wood can be mechanically connected to them only by using one or more keys (17, 18, 19, 20, 52, 67, 68, 77, 91, 119) of wood. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

WOODEN SETS FOR JOINTS OF STRUCTURES

TECHNIQUE SECTOR

The present invention relates to sets formed of wooden elements that serve as nodes of wooden structures and to wooden structures that contain said sets as nodes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Wood-wood sets and the structures that contain this type of sets have been known since ancient times. A way of building commonly used today is to add metal elements such as metal fittings to the nodes of structures that basically contain wood in order to mechanically reinforce them or facilitate their assembly.

The manufacturing of metal parts generates large amounts of CO2, which contributes to global warming.

On the contrary, products made with wood have a very low carbon footprint, negative if one considers that the trees from which the wood is obtained use CO2 as one of the compounds to carry out photosynthesis where, starting from carbon dioxide and water, obtains glucose and oxygen.

Construction with elements that are mainly only made of wood is therefore advantageous from an ecological point of view.

Construction with wood has additional advantages over other types of construction since wood is more capable of deforming without breaking and without losing its capacity to support load than other types of materials. Wooden structures are, therefore, more capable of standing in the event of earthquakes than other types of structures built with other types of materials or materials with less ductility. Wooden structures are also lighter than those made from other types of materials.

One of the problems with such wooden structures built in the past is the large amount of time that must be invested in getting the wooden elements that will be part of the structure into shapes that allow them to be assembled to form the structure. Another problem is that they require specialized labor.

Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-controlled manufacturing (CAM) technologies, as well as numerical control milling machines, facilitate the design and manufacturing of assembly elements that serve as structural nodes and are constructed solely of wooden elements. These technologies shorten the manufacturing time of these elements substantially.

These new assemblies may be adaptations of traditional wood-to-wood joints that were difficult to construct in the past.

An example of these wooden knots is the one described in document FR478968. This document describes six elements that may be made of wood and that contain grooves in their central part. It also describes that the slots of a group of two elements can be fitted into the slots of another group of two of these elements so that there is still space for the placement of a third pair of elements. Once the six elements that can be considered as a set are fitted together, a knot or meeting is formed with axes in three perpendicular directions. These sets, knots or encounters are used to build wooden structures. Although the elements that form said nodes described in FR478968 fit perfectly, they do not allow the connection of additional elements to those arranged on the Cartesian axes.

US4890953 describes the construction of a wooden knot whose sides extend like beams. This document describes two elements that contain complementary grooves so that they can fit together in a hermaphroditic manner. The non-slotted parts contain notches that when said elements fit together, they face each other and that are capable of housing a third projection of an element so that the three elements can be arranged perpendicularly. Once the three elements are placed in position, the joint is connected by means of pins. Due to the complementary shapes of the first and second elements, the notches and the pins, the elements of the assembly are securely joined together. The assembly described in US4890953 is not adapted to receive any additional element to the first, second and third elements, a supplementary element that could be useful in a wooden structure.

EP2345768 describes a first and a second longitudinally shaped element each of which contains two slots. The first element can be connected to the second since the one of the narrower sides of the first element is inserted into the slot of the first. A third element that also contains a slot can be arranged and secured in the upper part of the first element since the three elements are positioned in a column that has accommodations for the three elements and a notch where the slot of the first element can be inserted. . Although EP2345768 describes three elements that can be arranged in different directions to be held securely by means of a key-like wedge to be held together, they need to be introduced inside a column.

The knots, joints or wooden assemblies of the state of the art present the problem that it is not possible based on them to build structures in a relatively simple way where a certain number of beams, which may be greater or less depending on the structure, remain united in said knot due to their complementary shapes, some of them being united in directions different from the perpendicular directions of the three Cartesian axes.

There is therefore in the field of construction with wooden elements the need for a set of simple manufacture and assembly that contains three interconnectable elements, to which supplementary elements can be safely connected, this set being preferably used as a node of wooden structures. wood.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The problems of the state of the art are solved by an assembly according to claim 1 and a structure according to claim 21.

A first aspect of the invention refers to an assembly that contains a first wooden element that has a first shape, a second wooden element with a shape complementary to that of the first element thanks to which it can be mechanically connected directly with said first element and a third element that has a complementary shape to the first element and the second wooden element and that due to this complementary shape can be mechanically connected directly with said first and second elements, being located between them. According to the invention in said assembly, once the first, second and third elements are mechanically connected to each other, their shapes allow that one or more supplementary wooden elements can be mechanically connected to them by using one or more keys. of wood.

This set has the advantage that when the elements are the ends of the bars of a structure, the use of said knots can serve as a connection to more than three wooden bars so that a structure can be built with knots that can be made only of wood and that join more than three bars of the structure. This type of structure that contains knots with more than three bars can enable the construction of structures made exclusively of wood that contain a central knot, an arrangement that has, among other advantages, that it is possible to make said structure that contains a central knot or that it is possible to build The structure without a central knot can support more load when it has a central knot.

The assembly, according to the invention, is advantageous because both the elements and the supplementary elements can be mechanically connected to each other due to their shapes in the sense that they can be assembled and according to the embodiment remain attached to each other simply due to their shapes and the dimensions they have. According to the invention, some or all of the elements can be held together when the element or elements are connected by means of a wooden key, since said key, once connected to the assembly, exerts pressure on surfaces of elements of the assembly preventing said elements from separating in the direction in which said pressure is exerted.

The assembly, according to the invention, is advantageous because using only wood and not including metallic elements would avoid corrosion phenomena and, consequently, the weakening of the assembly of which the metal fittings would form an active part.

The assembly, according to the invention, is advantageous because its elements have been designed to be manufactured with a three-axis numerical control milling machine (a machine with easy access to the community), although they can also be manufactured with more axis milling machines. (less accessible and affordable than three-axle ones). It is not necessary to move the element to be manufactured once placed in the milling machine or change the milling cutter (only one is needed), which facilitates its industrialization, which is also a beneficial aspect. This is possible due to the particular design of the shapes of the different elements and supplementary elements that make up the set.

Preferably, the wooden key comprises at least one flat surface from which extends at least one flexible longitudinal element having at one of its free ends a tooth-shaped element. Preferably, the key has two flexible longitudinal elements, each with a tooth at its free end. When the wooden key mechanically connects one or more elements or supplementary elements of the assembly to each other, said element(s) or supplementary elements are pressed between the flat surface and said tooth-shaped element. In their final position, said flexible longitudinal elements recover their initial distance, making it possible for the teeth to press a surface of one of the elements that they have just crossed while one side of the flat surface of the key presses a second surface of another of the elements or additional elements crossed by the key.

The different embodiments of the invention are embodiments according to the dependent claims.

The assemblies of the invention can form different types of knots and splices that will be described below.

(FLAT KNOT)

Advantageously, in one embodiment of the invention, the first element and the second element each have slots and are identical, so that, when rotated 180 degrees, one with respect to the other, they fit together. The reduction in the number of different elements facilitates the manufacturing process since there is no need to have an additional milling program. In this position the slots of the first and second element delimit a space where the third element can be placed.

The assembly of the additional wooden elements is facilitated, since parts of said elements are placed in housings of the third wooden element which, as noted above, is located between the first and the second element in an easily accessible manner.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a part of a first supplementary element is fitted into a housing of the third element, being located at a certain angle with respect to the first or second element. One part of a second supplementary element fits into another housing of the third element, being located at a certain angle with respect to the first or second element. By means of a third supplementary element and thanks to its shape, the third element is unified with the first and second supplementary element. In this position and due to the existence of separate through holes between the first supplementary element and the third supplementary element, and between the latter and the second supplementary element, it is possible to insert wooden keys to guarantee the union.

Advantageously, if it is necessary to increase the number of additional elements due to structural needs, the assembly can have a fourth and fifth additional element that are located at a certain angle with respect to the first or second element and that are each attached to the assembly. of them by means of a sixth supplementary element and wooden keys. In the case of an assembly that comprises a fourth and a fifth supplementary element, it is necessary that the assembly comprises a sixth supplementary element that is connected to the assembly in a manner analogous to the third supplementary element. As noted above, the addition of additional elements will depend on the needs of the structure to satisfy its meetings; In addition, it will make it possible for a greater number of bars to make up the set, which increases the distribution of the loads so that the structure improves its capacity to support the loads. According to the needs of the structure, the angle formed between the supplementary elements and the first and second elements can vary in a range between 40 and 60 degrees.

(THREE-DIMENSIONAL KNOT)

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first, second and third wooden elements are preferably placed perpendicular to each other. The first element has two slots capable of housing two eighth supplementary longitudinal wooden elements that are placed substantially parallel to the third wooden element, eighth supplementary longitudinal wooden elements that each have two recesses and two through holes. Said recesses are adapted to house projections of ninth supplementary wooden elements that, when mechanically connected to the rest of the elements of the assembly, form a certain angle, between 40 and 60 degrees, with the first wooden element. The ninth supplementary elements have through holes that coincide with those of the eighth supplementary elements once they are connected to each other. According to this embodiment, by inserting wooden keys through the recesses of the eighth supplementary wooden elements and the ninth supplementary wooden elements, said eighth and ninth supplementary elements are secured to the assembly.

Due to the shape of the elements of the assembly, this embodiment allows the placement in the slots made for this purpose in the second and/or third element, of one or more tenths and/or eleventh additional elements, respectively, with which they will form an angle between 40 and 60 degrees. The tenth supplementary elements, once connected to the second element, are located between it and the first element in a plane perpendicular to the third element. The eleventh supplementary elements, once connected to the third element, are located between it and the second element in a plane perpendicular to the first element.

(SPACE KNOT WITH SPLICING)

According to an embodiment of the invention where the first, second and third elements are placed in a plane or, alternatively, are placed perpendicularly, the first supplementary wooden element contains a through hole having a shape complementary to the of the end of the second wooden element so that when the end of the second wooden element is housed in said through hole said first supplementary wooden element extends along the same longitudinal axis as the second wooden element being an extension of the latter the first supplementary element and the second element being joined by a wooden key. This embodiment is advantageous because it allows the extension of the second element, which is advantageous from the manufacturing point of view since the dimensions of the base element to be milled are limited.

(FLAT BEAM END)

An assembly, according to an embodiment of the invention, especially advantageous when the assembly is placed on one of the sides of a structure. Said assembly comprises a first, second and fourth elements that are connected in a U shape when a third element is inserted into a second slot of the first element and a fifth element is inserted into a third slot of the fourth element, which assembly has a sixth and a seventh element that is coupled to the rest of the elements of the set when a wooden key is completely inserted through a fourth slot located at a free end of the sixth element and a fifth slot located in the seventh element, set in which one of the free ends of the sixth element once connected rests on both the second and fourth elements, being positioned obliquely to said second and fourth elements.

(SPLICES)

The elements and supplementary elements of the assemblies according to the invention can be extended by means of splices. This is advantageous since the dimension of the wooden base pieces that can be placed in the milling machines in order to obtain the elements and supplementary elements have a limited dimension.

A second aspect of the invention refers to assemblies comprising splices, according to different embodiments according to claims 17 20.

The main objective of the sets of the invention is to serve as nodes/meetings of structures made entirely or mostly of wood.

Another aspect of the invention refers to structures that contain at least one or more of the sets object of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, in accordance with examples of practical embodiments thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of the description in which, with character Illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:

Figure 1 is an exploded view of the assembly according to the first embodiment of the invention.

Figure 2 is a view of the assembly of the first embodiment of the invention assembled where the first, second, fourth and fifth supplementary wooden elements form 45 degree angles with the first and second wooden elements.

Figure 3 is a view of the assembly of the first embodiment of the invention assembled where the first, second, fourth and fifth supplementary wooden elements form 60 degree angles with the first and second wooden elements.

Figure 4 illustrates the first embodiment of the invention containing the first and third supplementary wooden elements forming an angle with the first and second wooden elements.

Figure 5 is an exploded view of the assembly of Figure 4.

Figure 6 is an exploded view of an assembly according to the second embodiment of the invention.

Figure 7 is a view of another assembly according to the second embodiment of the invention.

Figure 8 is a view of the assembly assembled according to the third embodiment of the invention.

Figure 9 is an exploded view of the third embodiment of the invention.

Figure 10 shows a view of the assembled assembly of the fourth embodiment of the invention.

Figure 11 is an exploded view of the fourth embodiment of the invention. Figure 12 is a view of a fifth embodiment of the invention.

Figure 13 is an exploded view of the fifth embodiment of the invention 12. Figure 14 is a view of a first splice of an assembly according to the invention. Figure 15 is an exploded view of the splice of Figure 14.

Figure 16 is a view of a second splice of an assembly according to the invention.

Figure 17 is an exploded view of the splice of Figure 16.

Figure 18 is a view of a third splice of an assembly according to an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 19 is an exploded view of the splice of Figure 18

Figure 20 is a view of a fourth splice of an assembly according to an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 21 is an exploded view of the splice of Figure 20.

Figure 22 is a view of a fifth and a sixth splice of an assembly according to an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 23 is an exploded view of the fifth and sixth splices of Figure 22

Figures 24,25,26,27,28 are views of possible structures according to the invention and containing assemblies according to embodiments of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The assemblies of the present invention are based on a first, a second and a third wooden element that once assembled form a core to which additional wooden elements can be added that are mechanically connected to the first, second and third elements and/or each other without requiring any other means than the use of one or more wooden keys.

Figure 1 illustrates an assembly (1) according to the first embodiment of the invention that comprises a first longitudinal element (2) with a certain shape or contour. Preferentially, said element comprises on one of its free external surfaces (6) a projection (3) and on one of its sides (4) a slot (5) that contains in its wall (7) furthest from said free end an indentation. (8). The set comprises a second wooden element (9) which, according to the most common embodiment, is identical to the first, which is advantageous since it reduces the number of different elements to be built, simplifying the manufacturing of the elements of the set. The second wooden element (9) is preferably identical to the first and rotated 180 degrees with respect to the first such that it can be fitted into it. This can occur because the projection (10) of the free end of the second wooden element (9) can fit into the recess (8) of the slot (5) of the first wooden element (2) and the projection (3) of the end free of the first wooden element (2) can fit into the recess (12) of the slot (14) contained in the wall (13) of the second wooden element (9) furthest from its free end.

The set also has a third element (15) with a shape complementary to the shape of the first element (2) and the shape of the second element (9) so that said element can be directly mechanically connected to the first (2). ) and with the second (9) elements, being located between them. This is possible because when the first element (2) and the second element (9) are connected in the manner described, the respective slots (5,14) of the first (2) and the second element (9), define a space between them. in which the third element (15) can be introduced. In this embodiment, one or more supplementary wooden elements, such as the first supplementary element (16), the second (34), the fourth (36) and/or the fifth (37), can be mechanically connected to the first (2), second (9) and third element (15) by using a third supplementary element (26) and first and second wooden keys (17 and 19) in the case of the first supplementary element (16) and the second supplementary element (34), or by using a sixth supplementary element (38) and third and fourth wooden keys (18 and 20) in the case of the fourth supplementary element (36) and the fifth (37). The elements of the set are preferably manufactured using numerical control milling machines that can be three-axis CNC milling machines. This type of milling machine allows the movement of the milling cutter, placed in a position normal to the surface, in the this type of milling machines. The elements according to the present invention have been designed so that it is not necessary to rotate the element to be milled during milling of said element. The use of numerical control milling machines makes it possible to build wooden elements quickly without it being necessary to manually empty the piece housings, a common practice in ancient times that fell into disuse because it was not compatible with the construction philosophy. in wood today due to the long time required to build these wooden structures and the need for specialized labor.

The use of keys makes it possible to guarantee the union between pieces that, despite being mechanically connected, do not have their grip assured as they have the capacity to move relative to each other. By using keys, this relative movement between pieces is avoided thanks to the pressure that they exert on said pieces in order to strengthen their union and fastening.

Preferably said wooden key or keys (17,18,19,20) contain at least one flat surface (21) from which extends at least one flexible longitudinal element (22) that has at one of its free ends a tooth-shaped element (23). The key is adapted to be connected through through holes or housings of elements of the assembly. When the key is introduced through these through holes, the longitudinal flexible element (22) is temporarily deformed, recovering its position when the key is completely engaged. The tooth-shaped element (23) engages the outer surface of the last wooden element crossed, causing the elements that the key has crossed to be pressed between the flat surface (21) of the key (17,18,19,20 ) and the teeth (23) of the key. The key (17,18,19,20), in addition to pressing in its longitudinal direction, the direction in which the flexible longitudinal element (22) extends, serves to restrict the movement in this longitudinal direction of those elements. In a preferential embodiment, the key has two flexible longitudinal elements (22) that extend in parallel. Both longitudinal flexible elements (22) deform in the same direction but in the opposite direction when the key (17,18,19,20) is introduced into the housings or holes provided in the elements of the assembly that they pass through, and both recover their position. natural when the key is in its final position engaging both tooth-shaped elements (23) on the outer surface of the element that the key passes through. The fact that the key has, in one embodiment, two flexible longitudinal elements improves the fastening of the key in the housings provided in the elements that it passes through and of said elements among themselves.

As can be seen in Figure 1, the rounded notch (24) located in the first supplementary element (16) fits into a recess (25) of the third wooden element (15). As can be seen in Figure 1, the first supplementary wooden element (16) is adapted to be arranged diagonally at a variable angle with respect to said first wooden element (2). In the process of connecting the first supplementary wooden element (16), it moves in a direction substantially perpendicular to a flat face of the third wooden element (15), so that the rounded notch (24) of the first supplementary element ( 16) is easily inserted and lodged in a recess (25) of the third wooden element (15).

As can also be seen in Figure 1, the assembly has a third supplementary wooden element (26) adapted so that its central surface connects to a flat face of the third element (15) and is subject to the rest of the assembly as will be explained. next. Once the notch (24) of the first supplementary element (16) is inserted into the third element (15), a flat surface of the third supplementary element (26) is placed adjacent to them, matching an incoming notch (30) of this third supplementary element (26) with the projecting notch (27) of the first supplementary element (16). This third supplementary element (26) will also be placed on the upper surfaces (28, 29) of the first (2) and the second (9) wooden element, respectively. As a result of the previous operations, the first element (2), the second element (9), the third element (15), the first supplementary element (16) and the second supplementary element (34) are assembled together although the fastening between These elements are not yet insured.

As can be seen in Figure 1. The first supplementary element (16) has a through hole (32) that serves so that when the first (16) and the third (26) supplementary element are located adjacently, a key ( 17) can be introduced through said through hole (32) and said gap so that when the key (17) is completely inserted the first (16) and the third supplementary element (26) are mechanically joined to the first elements ( 2), second (9) and third (15).

As can be seen in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the assembly comprises a second supplementary wooden element (34) located at an angle with the second wooden element (9). The second supplementary wooden element (34) is joined to the assembly in a manner analogous to the first by means of a second wooden key (19). This set contains a fourth (36) and a fifth (37) additional wooden element located at a certain angle of the first (2) and the second wooden element (9) on one side of the set opposite to the side on which it is located. the first (16) and the second (34) supplementary wooden element and adapted to be connected to the third wooden element (15) by means of a third (18) and a fourth (20) wooden key, respectively and a sixth supplementary element (38). The way in which the fourth (36) and the fifth (37) supplementary element become part of the assembly is analogous to the way in which the first (16) and the second (34) supplementary wooden element become part of the set.

This first embodiment has a flat structure.

Figures 2 and 3 are assembled views of Figure 1 rotated 180 degrees with respect to a vertical axis that passes through the center of the third element (15).

The angles formed by the first (16), second (34), fourth (36) and fifth (37) supplementary wooden element with the first (2) and second (9) wooden element can be chosen in accordance with the needs of the structure and/or the load to be supported by the wooden structure of which they are part. These angles are normally between 45 and 60 degrees. Preferably, said angles are 45 (figure 3) and/or 60 degrees (figure 2).

Figure 4 and Figure 5 show an assembly (39) assembled and exploded according to an alternative embodiment of the first embodiment where, in addition to the first (2), second (9) and third element (15), only the first (16), second (34) and third element (26) supplementary and two wooden keys (17,19). As illustrated in Figure 4, the angles between the first supplementary element (16) and the first element (2) as well as the angle between the second supplementary element (34) and the second element (9) can be chosen in a range that It is between 45 and 60 degrees

Figure 6 illustrates an assembly (59), according to a second embodiment of the invention, the first (40), the second (41) and the third wooden element (42) are mechanically connected to each other due to their complementary shapes so that they are arranged along three perpendicular axes. The first wooden element (40) has a first shape and the second wooden element (41) has a complementary shape to that of the first element (40) thanks to which it can be mechanically connected directly with said first element (40). ). The third element (42), which has a complementary shape to the first wooden element (40) and the second wooden element (41), can be, due to this complementary shape, mechanically connected directly with said first (40) and second (41) elements, being located between them.

As can be seen in Figure 7 corresponding to the same embodiment of Figure 6, the first wooden element (40) has a slot (43) that when the first (40), second (41) and third wooden element wood (42) are connected to each other, it can house two eighth additional longitudinal wooden elements (44,45) that are placed parallel to the third wooden element (42). The eighth longitudinal supplementary wooden elements (44,45) each have two recesses (46,47) and two through holes (48). The recesses (46,47) are adapted to house projections (49) of ninth supplementary wooden elements (50) that when mechanically connected to the rest of the elements of the assembly form a certain angle, between 40 and 60 degrees, with the first element (40) of wood. The construction of the assembly, according to this embodiment, allows ninth supplementary wooden elements (50) to be placed in the bisectors of the angles formed between the first (40) and the third element (42) supplementary wooden elements.

The assembly (59), according to the second embodiment of the invention, has at least one or more wooden keys (52), so that each of them, when introduced through a through hole (48) of the eighth supplementary longitudinal element of wood (44,45) and a through hole (54) of one or more ninth supplementary elements (50), mechanically join both the eighth/s supplementary longitudinal element/s of wood (44,45) as the ninth longitudinal element(s) supplementary of wood (50) to each other and to the whole (59).

This form of construction advantageously allows the eighth supplementary elements (44,45) to be directly joined by means of keys (52) to the ninth supplementary elements (50) without the need to mechanically connect them to the first (40) and third (42). ) element.

The shape of the second (41) and third wooden element (42) makes possible the mechanical connection to said elements of additional tenths (51) and eleventh (53) elements, respectively. The tenth supplementary elements (51), once connected to the second element (41) are located between the second element (41) and the first element (40) wooden element in a plane perpendicular to the third wooden element (42), forming an angle between 40 and 60 degrees with the second element (41). The eleventh supplementary elements (53), once connected to the third element (42), are located between the third element (42) and the second element (41) in a plane perpendicular to the first wooden element (40), forming an angle included between 40 and 60 degrees with the third element (42). The assembly (59) of this second embodiment has a three-dimensional structure.

Figures 8 and 9 illustrate an assembly (79), assembled in Figure 8 and exploded in Figure 9, in accordance with a third embodiment of the invention and which also has a three-dimensional structure. This embodiment also contains a first wooden element (60) that has a first shape and is placed in a vertical arrangement, a second wooden element (61) with a shape complementary to that of the first element (60) thanks to the which can be directly mechanically connected to said first element (60). The second element (61) is placed in a horizontal position substantially perpendicular to the first element (60), and a third element (62) that has a complementary shape to the first element (60) and the second element (61) of wood and that is placed substantially perpendicular to the first (60) and second (61) element.

The assembly has at least one first supplementary wooden element (64) that is arranged in a plane that contains the first wooden element (60) and the second wooden element (61). Said supplementary element (64) has a free end (65) as a point and which comprises two sides that when placing said element in the assembly are supported on sides of the first (60) and the second element (61) respectively. The first supplementary element (64) has a recess (66) located close to said free end. The set (79) has at least a first (67) and a second (68) key and a first U-shaped fastening element (69). Once the first (60) is in place, the second ( 61) and third (62) elements, the first U-shaped fastening element (69) is placed in a housing formed by the first (60), second (61) and third (62) element. Subsequently, the first key (67) is introduced parallel to the first element (60) through a slot (73) formed in the second element (61) and the recess (66) of the first supplementary element (64) and until that a lateral recess (78) of the upper part of the key (67) abuts the second element (61). Both the first supplementary element (64) and the first key (67) have separate through holes (70,71) that are aligned once the first supplementary element (64) and the first key (67) are positioned. Said holes (70,71) allow the second key (68) to be introduced through them and that the teeth of the second key (68) once it has been introduced press the first supplementary element (64) on the first key (67).

In order that the first key subassembly (67), supplementary element (64) and second key (68) cannot move vertically downwards and as noted above, the first key (67) has a lateral recess ( 78) that serves as a stop when the first key is inserted into the slot (73) of the second element.

Optionally, according to the third embodiment of the invention, the assembly (79) may comprise a second (75) and/or third supplementary element (76) with a shape complementary to the third element (62). The second (75) and third supplementary element (76) can be joined to these by means of a third wooden key (77).

Optionally, it is possible to connect to the assembly at the angles formed by the second (62) and third (61) element, fourth supplementary elements.

Figures 10 and 11 illustrate a fourth embodiment of the invention according to which the assembly (90) also consists of a first wooden element (80) having a first shape, a second wooden element (81) with a complementary to that of the first element (80) thanks to which it can be mechanically connected directly with said first element (80), and a third element (82) that has a complementary shape to the first element (80) and the second element of wood (81) and that due to this complementary shape can be mechanically connected directly with said first (80) and second (81) elements, being located between them. In this embodiment, a first supplementary wooden element (83) can be connected to the assembly, so that it serves as an extension to the second wooden element (81). Said first supplementary wooden element (83) contains a through hole (84) that has a complementary shape to that of the end (85) of the second wooden element (81), so that when the end (85) of the second wooden element wood (81) is housed in said through hole (84), the first supplementary wooden element (83) extends along the same longitudinal axis as the second wooden element (81) being an extension of the latter.

In this embodiment, the second wooden element (81) and the first supplementary wooden element (83) are mechanically joined by means of a wooden key (91). Said key (91) is similar to that used in other embodiments and consists of a rectangular base (86) from which two flexible longitudinal elements (87,88) extend in parallel, each ending in a tooth. (89). To consolidate the union between the first (80), second (81) and third element (82), thus avoiding relative movement between them, a second supplementary element (92) is used that has a projection (93) that is placed in an indentation (94) of the second element (81), pressing on the first element (80) and third element (82).

In a fifth embodiment of the invention, illustrated in Figures 12 and 13, the assembly (99) has a first wooden element (100) that has at a first free end a first slot (101) that extends longitudinally. and a second slot (102) arranged perpendicular to the first slot. The second element (103) of the assembly, which is placed perpendicularly with respect to the first element (100), narrows at a first free end (104) and has at said end a shape complementary to the longitudinal groove (101) of the first element ( 100). The second element (103) has a second free end (105) that is narrower than its central part and has a stepped shape on one of its sides (106). By fitting the first free end (104) of the second element (103) into the first slot (101) of the first element (100), the second slot (102) of the first element (100) is free. The assembly has a third element (107) that has a central projection (108) and two lateral projections (109) that each include a slot (110). Once the second element (103) is fitted to the first element (100), it is possible to connect the third element (107) to the first (100) and second element (103) by introducing the third element (107) into the second slot ( 102) of the first element (100), so that the third element (107) rests with its central part on the outer side (in the figure) of the second element (103).

The assembly has a fourth elongated element (111) that has at one of its free ends (112) a shape complementary to the second free end (105) of the second element (103) and a third slot (113) similar to the second slot. (102) of the first element (100) and which allows the introduction of a fifth element (114) which preferably has, as can be seen in the figure, a shape identical to that of the third element (107) and which, due to its shape, it can fit into the third slot (113) of the fourth element (111).

The assembly has a sixth supplementary element (115) that has at its two free ends a shape complementary to the second free end (105) of the second element (103). It is possible, therefore, when the free end (112) of the fourth element (111) is connected to the second free end (105) of the second element (103) and the fifth element (114) is inserted in the third slot (113 ) of the fourth element (111), laterally connect the sixth supplementary element (115) to the second (103) and fourth (111) element. As can be seen in the figure, the assembly (99) has a seventh element (116) that has a shape such that it can be connected to the side of the second element (103) opposite to that to which the sixth supplementary element (115) is connected. As can be seen in the figure, because the sixth supplementary element (115) has a slot (117) in one of its free ends and thanks to the shape of the seventh element (116) it is possible, once all the elements of the assembly are interconnected, insert a key (119) longitudinally through the slot (117) of the upper free end of the sixth supplementary element (115) so that one of the teeth (120) of one of the longitudinal elements (121) of the key (119) presses on one of the lateral surfaces of the fourth element (111), while the other tooth (120) presses on the corresponding lateral surface of the seventh element (116); pressure that is produced thanks to the fact that the projections of the central body of the key (119) abut the sixth supplementary element (115). In this way the elements of the set are subject to each other. This embodiment has a particularly advantageous application in lateral terminations of structures.

The sets of the above-described embodiments serve as nodes for different types of wooden structures.

The knots, according to the previously described embodiments, serve to build structures formed by wooden elements in the form of bars that are joined in said knots. Due to manufacturing requirements such as the fact that the bars have to be milled on CNC numerical control machines that do not allow the milling of elements greater than a certain length, it is necessary to use splices by means of which it is possible to lengthen the length of said bars.

These splices are part of the object of this invention and will be described below.

SPLICE 1

One way of carrying out said splices is that described in figures 14 (assembled) and 15 (exploded). The splice shows how the end of each of two wooden bars (188,189) is milled with grooves (190,200) that are narrower in an area closer to the free end of said bars (196) than at their end furthest from them (197). The wooden key (191) intended to join the end of said beams with other elements has a substantially rectangular shape and is formed in a single piece. Said key (191) consists of a narrow central part (192) and two lateral parts (193,194) located on both sides of the narrow central part and which have a greater thickness and a greater length. At the two lateral free ends of said key there are flexible tabs (198,199) that have two parallel grooves (195) on their outer face, according to a preferential embodiment. As can be seen in Figure 15, a free end (201) of each of said flexible tabs (198, 199) extends beyond the base of the key. The key (191) has, in its central part on the side opposite to the side from which the ends of the tabs protrude, a projection (202) that protrudes from the assembly once assembled.

When you want to join the two bars (188, 189), one is placed after the other, so that the free end of one of the bars is in contact with the free end of the successive bar. In this arrangement, the slots (190, 200) of each of the bars are also arranged successively. The key (191) is introduced vertically so that its central part (192) fits in a complementary manner with the narrowest part (196) of the respective slots (190,200) that are located close to the free ends of the bars (188, 189), respectively. When this happens, the lateral parts (193,194) of the ends of the key (191) fit in a complementary manner with the widest part (197) of the slots of the bars (188, 189). In the process of inserting the key (191), the two flexible tabs (198, 199) fold inward, recovering their initial position when the key (191) is fully inserted, so that the widest parts of the ends of the tabs (201) press on the respective bases of the bars and the element (202) that protrudes from the central part (192) of the key (191) abuts on the upper part of the bars (188, 189). This fact, together with the fact that the walls that define the transition of the central part (192) with the lateral parts (193,194) of the key are in mechanical contact with the walls that define the transition between the narrow parts (196) and the wider parts (197) of the slots, has the consequence that there is no possibility of movement between the two bars (188, 189) and the key (191).

SPLICE 2

Another embodiment of said splices, to join two bars (224, 225) similar to those in embodiment splice 1, is illustrated in Figures 16 and 17. This splice comprises a first bar (224) with a first slot (217) and a second bar (225) with a second slot (218), each of the slots in each of the beams (224,225) has a narrower part (230) located closer to the free end of said beam (224,225) and a wider part (226) located further from said free end, the free ends of the beams containing the slots (217, 218) being arranged successively in contact with each other when the beams are connected or are going to connect. This splice also includes a first key (210) similar to that of the embodiment of splice 1 which, instead of having two flexible tabs, has in its lower central part an extension (211) that extends laterally forming two wings ( 213,214) parallel to the base of the key (210), so that two spaces (215,216) are defined between the central body (212) of the key and said wings (213, 214). Due to said extension it is possible, once the key (210) is inserted into the slots (217,218) of the bars (224, 225), insert a second key (219) in a direction perpendicular to the key (210) and the bases of the bars (224, 225), remaining in contact with them. Said second key (219) is U-shaped. Two flexible longitudinal elements (220,221) extend from the base of the second U-shaped key (219), which have teeth (223) at their free ends, teeth that protrude. towards the inside of the key (219). Once the first key (210) has been inserted into the slots of the beams, it is possible to insert the second key (219), so that said flexible longitudinal elements (220,221) are located in said spaces (215,216) blocking the movement of the first key. (210) with respect to the bars (224, 225).

SPLICE 3

As illustrated in Figures 18 and 19 and in a manner analogous to the previously described embodiments, two bars (330,331) containing two slots (332,333) at their free ends are arranged consecutively. Each of the slots that extends to the end of said free ends has a projection (334,335) on one of its walls, which projection extends from said walls of the slots towards the center of each bar (330, 331). The two bars (330,331) are joined by means of two keys (336,337), each of which has a first central part (340) with a complementary shape with respect to the other and a second central part (343) staggered with respect to the other. the first central part (340) and in a complementary manner with respect to each of the projections (334,335) of the slots (332, 333). Each of said keys (336,337) has at one of its free ends a flexible tongue (341,342) that extends beyond the base of the key and, as indicated above, a stepped central part (340, 343 ) which makes it possible for each of the keys (336, 337) to fit into the other through the first central part (340) and into the slot of each of the bars through the second central part (343) . The keys (343,344) additionally have a projection (338,339) in their upper part perpendicular to their central body

When the joint comprising the first key (336), the second key (337) and each of the two bars (330,331) is mechanically joined, the tongue (341,342) of each of the keys presses on the innermost wall of the slots (332,333) of the bars (330,331) while applying pressure on the base of each of them. The previously named stepped central part (340,343) consists of two steps, so that in the connected state one of the steps rests on the projection (333,334) of each of the slots (332,333), while the other serves to join together. the two keys are complementary (336, 337). In this arrangement, the projections (338, 339) of the upper parts of the keys (336, 337) come into contact with the upper part of each of the bars (330, 331). Due to the interaction of the tabs (341,342), slots (332,333), projections (334,335) of the slots and projections of the keys (338,339), once the keys are fitted into the slots, the respective movement of some parts with respect to each other is not possible. others.

SPLICE 4

In an alternative embodiment of said joints, shown in Figures 20 and 21, the keys (452, 453) do not have flexible tabs but rather slots (450) that, once the keys (452, 453) are joined and introduced into the slots (454,455) of the bars (420, 421), due to their shape they define a housing between the keys (452,453) and the bases of the bars (420, 421), housing through which a third can be inserted. key (451) perpendicular to them, so that the three keys (451,452,453) and the bars (420,421) that are arranged consecutively cannot move with respect to each other.

SPLICE 5

Figures 22 and 23 illustrate another possible embodiment of splicing between consecutive bars, a first bar (660) and a second bar (661). The end of the first bar (660) reduces its dimension in the central part (662) and subsequently widens in its extreme part (663). The corresponding end of the second bar (661), which is intended to be arranged consecutively to the first bar (660), comprises a slot that, in addition to an opening (665) at its free end, has a first width in its central part ( 664) and a second width in the interior part (665) furthest from the opening (665), the second width (665) being smaller than the first width (664). In this way, when the extreme part (663) of the first bar (660) is introduced into the second bar (661) at the height of the central part (664), the part of the slot corresponding to the inner part (665) ) is free, so that it is possible to insert a key (667) in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first (660) and the second (661) bar in said interior part (665) of the slot, achieving the joint between the bars.

SPLICE 6

In another possible embodiment illustrated in Figures 22 and 23, in addition to the splice between the first bar (660) and the second bar (661) described above, a splice is produced between a third bar (668) and a fourth bar (671). . To do this, both bars (660, 668) have lateral slots (669,670). Once said lateral slots (669,670) are fitted, the bars (660, 688) are arranged in the shape of a cross.

Furthermore, the third bar (668), which may be arranged in the shape of a cross (668) with the first bar (660), may engage with a fourth bar (671) when the projection (672) of the third bar ( 668) at its free end is inserted into the recess (673) of the slot (674) furthest from the free end of the fourth bar (671) and the projection (675) that the fourth bar (671) has at its end The free part is inserted into the recess (676) of the slot (688) furthest from the free end of the third bar (668). In this arrangement, both slots (674,688) define an interior space where a wooden key (677) can be inserted. In an analogous manner to other embodiments described in the present invention, said key (677) has a substantially rectangular part that serves as a base (678) from which extend two flexible longitudinal elements (679,680) that have a tooth (681,682). ) at their free ends. When the key (677) is introduced into said interior space defined by the slots (674,688), the longitudinal elements (679,680) bend inwards and recover their initial position with respect to the rest of the key (677) when the key has been completely introduced. In this position, the teeth (681,682) each press on the lateral surface of one of the bars (668, 671). The key (677), in its final position, presses the opposite upper and lower sides of the bars (688, 671) between the projections of its base (678) and the teeth located at the free ends of the flexible longitudinal elements (681 , 682). Due to this pressure and the complementary shape of the slots (674, 688), once the key is completely inserted, the movement of one bar (668) with respect to the other (671) is not possible.

To consolidate the union between the first (660), second (661) and third element (668), thus avoiding relative movement between them, a second supplementary element (692) is used that has a projection (693) that is placed in an indentation (694) of the first element (660), pressing on the second element (661) and third element (668).

With the sets and joints described above it is possible to build two-dimensional or three-dimensional structures.

Figure 24 is an illustration of a triangulated façade structure in which the sets located in its central part are those of figures 1 and 3 in the version in which the upper and lower radial elements are located at 60 degrees with respect to the beam. central.

The lattice structure illustrated in Figure 25 contains the sets of Figures 4 and 5, as well as the set found at the right end of the beam in said figure, which set is that of Figures 12 and 13.

Figure 26 illustrates a spatial modular structure containing some nodes according to the sets of figures 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11

The three-dimensional structure of Figures 27 and 28 contain planar sets illustrated in Figures 1,2, 3, 4, 5,12 and 13 and spatial sets illustrated in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11

Figures 24 to 28 refer to embodiments of structures comprising knots and spliced knots according to the invention. Said figures refer to examples of structures within the multiple combinations that can be constructed from the sets and sets with splices described in this application, taking into account that, as noted above, the number of supplementary elements in each set described above may vary depending on the possible constructions of the node and the needs of the structure.

Claims (11)

1.- Assembly (1,39,99) comprising a first wooden element (2,111) that has a first shape, a second wooden element (9,103) with a complementary shape to that of the first element (2, 111) thanks to to which it can be mechanically connected directly with said first element (2, 111), and a third element (15,114) of wood that has a complementary shape to the first element (2, 111) and the second element (9, 103). ) of wood and that due to this complementary shape can be mechanically connected directly with said first (2,111) and second (9, 103) elements, being located between them, set (1,39,99) in which once the first, second and third elements are mechanically connected to each other, their shapes allow one or more supplementary elements (16,26,34,36,37,38,115,116) of wood to be mechanically connected to them only through the use of one or more keys (17,18,19,20,119) of wood, and where The first wooden element (2, 111) is a longitudinal element that comprises a projection (3) in the vicinity of one of its free ends, a slot (5, 113) and a recess (8) in the wall of the slot (5, 113) furthest from said free end, The second wooden element (9, 103) is a longitudinal element that comprises a projection (10) in the vicinity of one of its free ends, a slot (14) and a recess (12) in the wall of the slot (14). ) furthest from said free end, so that it is possible to mechanically connect the first wooden element (2, 111) with the second wooden element (9, 103) by fitting the projection (10) of the second wooden element (9, 103) in the recess (8) of the slot wall (5) of the first wooden element (2, 111) and fitting the projection (3) of the first wooden element (2, 111) into the recess (12) of the slot wall (14 ) of the second wooden element (9, 103) and The third wooden element (15, 114) is an element that may be substantially rectangular in shape and has a complementary shape to the shape of the first element (2, 111) and to the shape of the second element (9, 103) so that said element can be mechanically connected directly with the first (2, 111) and with the second (9, 103) elements, being located between them, preferably perpendicular to them, where the third wooden element (15, 114) has one or more recesses or projections (25, 108 and 109) adapted to house parts of one or more supplementary elements (16,26,34,36,37,38,115,116) of so that supplementary elements (16,26,34,36,37,38,115,116) can be mechanically connected to the third element (15), and comprising the set (1, 39, 99) additionally: a first supplementary wooden element (16, 115) adapted to be arranged diagonally with respect to the first (2, 111) and the second wooden element (9, 103). 2. - Assembly (1,39, 99) according to claim 1 characterized in that said wooden key (17,18,19,20,119) or wooden keys comprise at least one flat surface (21) from which it extends at least one flexible longitudinal element (22,121) that has at one of its free ends a tooth-shaped element (23, 120) so that when the wooden key (17,18,19,20,119) mechanically connects one or more elements or supplementary elements, of the set with each other, said element/s or supplementary elements are pressed between the flat surface (21) and said tooth-shaped element (23,120). 3. - Assembly (1, 39) according to claims 1 or 2, which additionally comprises a second supplementary wooden element (34) adapted to be arranged diagonally with respect to the first (2) and the second wooden element (9), a third supplementary element (26) of wood that, through its shape, unifies the third element (15) with the first (16) and second (34) supplementary element, with the particularity that said first supplementary element (16) and second supplementary element ( 34) comprise a part (24) in the shape of a point (24) that, when connected to the third element (15) in a first direction (S1) in a direction (D) substantially perpendicular to said third element (15) of wood , is inserted into one of the recesses (25) of the third wooden element (15). 4. - Assembly (1,39) according to claim 3 characterized in that the shape of the third supplementary wooden element (26) is defined so that when placed on the surfaces (28,29) of the first (2) and second (9) wooden elements there are separate gaps (30,31) between each of the sides of the third supplementary element (26) and said surfaces (28,29), and because the first supplementary wooden element (16) has a through hole (32) so that a key (17) can be introduced through said through hole (32) and said gap (30) leaving the first (16) supplementary element mechanically joined to the first (2), second elements (9) and third (15), and because the second supplementary wooden element (34) has a through hole (32) so that a key (19) can be introduced through said through hole (32) and said hollow (31), leaving the second supplementary element (34) mechanically joined to the first (2), second (9) and third (15) elements. 5. - Set (1) according to claim 4 characterized in that the set (1) contains a fourth (36) and a fifth (37) supplementary wooden element located at a certain angle of the first (2) and the second element ( 9) of wood, on a side of the assembly opposite to the side on which the first (16) and the second (34) supplementary wooden element is located, and adapted to be connected to the third wooden element (15) in the first direction (D) substantially perpendicular to the third wooden element (15) by means of a sixth complementary element (38), a third key (18) and a fourth wooden key (20). 6. - Assembly (1.39) according to any of claims 2 to 5 characterized in that the angle formed between the first wooden element (2) and the first supplementary wooden element (16) is between 45 and 60 degrees. and/or because the angle formed by the second supplementary wooden element (34) and the second wooden element (9) is between 45 and 60 degrees. 7. - Assembly according to any of claims 5 or 6 characterized in that the angle formed between the first wooden element (2) and the fourth supplementary element (36) and/or the angle formed by the fifth supplementary element (37) of wood and the second wooden element (9) is between 45 and 60 degrees. 8. - Assembly (99) according to claims 1 or 2 characterized in that it additionally comprises a fourth wooden element (100) having at a first free end a first slot (101) extending longitudinally and a second slot (102) arranged perpendicular to the first slot, the second wooden element (103) being intended to be placed perpendicularly with respect to the fourth element (100), with a first free end (104) that has a narrowing with a shape complementary to the longitudinal groove (101) of the fourth element (100). ) and in a second free end (105) that has a stepped shape on one of its sides (106), the first free end (104) of the second element (103) being able to fit into the first slot (101) of the fourth element (100) leaving the second slot (102) of the fourth element (100) free, a fifth element (107) that has a central projection (108) and two lateral projections (109) which, once the second element (103) is fitted into the fourth element (100), allow the fifth element (100) to be connected 107) to the fourth (100) and second element (103) by introducing the fifth element (107) into the second slot (102) of the fourth element (100), and where the first supplementary element (115) has at its two free ends a complementary shape to the second free end (105) of the second element (103), so that when the free end (112) of the first element (111) is connected to the second free end (105) of the second element (103) and the third element (114) is inserted into the third slot (113) of the first element (111), it allows laterally connecting the supplementary element (115) to the second (103). ) and first (111) element. 9. - Assembly (99) according to claim 8 comprising a seventh supplementary element (116) that can be connected to the side of the second element (103) opposite to that to which the first supplementary element (115) is connected, comprising the first supplementary element (115 ) a slot (117) in one of its free ends and thanks to the shape of the seventh supplementary element (116) it is possible, once all the elements of the set (99) are interconnected, to insert a key (119) longitudinally through of a slot (117) of the upper free end of the first supplementary element (115). 10. - Wooden structure (800) containing at least one or more sets according to any of the previous claims. 11. - Assembly or structure according to any of the previous claims characterized in that its elements and complementary elements can be milled with a three-axis numerical control CNC milling machine.