ES2973733T3 - Insulated transition construction element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a transition component (1a, 1b) for connecting components of a chemical engineering or process plant, the transition component (1a, 1b) having a first material part (10) made of a first material and a second material part (20) made of a second material, the first material and the second material not being able to be joined to one another by fusion welding, the first material part (10) and the second material part (20) forming a hollow body, the transition component (1a, 1b) having a radially inner inner side (2) and a radially outer outer side (3), the first material part (10) being connected to the second material part (20) by at least one intermediate material layer (30). and the transition component (1a, 1b) having at least one insulating layer (100, 200), wherein the insulating layer (100, 200) extends at least in part over the inner side (2) and/or the outer side (3) of the transition component (1a, 1b), and a core-in-shell heat exchanger (1000) and a cold box (2000) having the transition component (1a, 1b). (Automatic translation with Google Translate, without legal value)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Insulated transition construction element

The invention relates to a transition construction element for joining construction elements of a chemical or process technology apparatus, wherein the transition construction element has a first piece of material of a first material and a second piece of material of a second material, wherein the first material and the second material cannot be joined together by fusion welding, wherein the first piece of material and the second piece of material form a hollow body, wherein the transition construction element has an inner side radially internal and a radially external external side, and wherein the first piece of material is joined to the second piece of material through at least one intermediate layer of material. The invention also relates to a core-in-shell heat exchanger with the transition element, as well as to a cold box with a pipe with the transition element.

State of the art

In numerous applications, in particular in cryogenic installations, for example cryogenic heat exchangers for the liquefaction of gases or a cold box to provide, for example, a liquefied cryogenic gas, or in core-in-shell heat exchangers or cryogenic containers or cryogenic pumps, it is necessary, for example, to provide fluid tightness, to join together, in particular to weld, construction elements, such as for example tubes, in particular, made of different materials. The installations or devices mentioned are examples or constituents of the chemical or process technology apparatus mentioned above.

For example, to join an aluminum tube to a steel tube, a transition construction element (Transition Joint) is used, which may have an aluminum section to which the aluminum tube is fixed, in particular welded, and a section of steel to which the steel pipe is attached, in particular, is welded. To connect the aluminum section of the transition element to the steel section of the transition element in a fluid-tight manner, for example, different layers of metal intermediate material, for example titanium or a titanium alloy, copper or a copper-nickel alloy in several stages by means of explosive plating between the aluminum section and the steel section. On the one hand, this production procedure is very expensive. On the other hand, explosive plating places great physical stress on the metal interlayers of material, which can cause the interlayers of material to become brittle or brittle.

Other types of joining pieces or constructions are also known from the state of the art:

US 3,899,007 A and US 3,747,961 A each describe a tube arrangement with a high temperature resistant inner core tube, which is secured in a coaxial casing tube by an anchor or an anchor plate to protect it from axial or longitudinal movements. The anchor comes out of this housing and is located on the outside in an insulating layer, for example concrete. The central tube is in turn surrounded by an annular insulating layer. Document FR 2947032 A1 proposes joining two pipes through a flange or union structure. Each of the two conduits has an inner wall and a surrounding wall, where the inner wall faces outward at the conduit end. The joining structure also has an inner side and an outer side, where when the two pipes are joined, the internal wall sections at the pipe ends rest on the inner side of the joining structure.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a transition construction element that is easier to produce and has advantageous properties compared to known transition construction elements.

Description of the invention

According to the invention, a transitional construction element and a core-in-shell heat exchanger, as well as a cold box with the characteristics of the independent claims, are proposed. The dependent claims, as well as the following description, are intended to advantageous embodiments.

The transition construction element according to the invention, for connecting construction elements of a chemical or process technology apparatus, in particular, in a cryogenic installation, has a first piece of material of a first material and a second piece of material of a second material, wherein the first material and the second material cannot be joined together by fusion welding.

The transitional construction element or the first piece of material and the second piece of material have a shape of a hollow body, in particular, a toric shape, annular shape or a circular cylindrical shape, with a radially inner inner side and a radially outer side. external. The transition component is suitable for joining tubes of chemical or process technology apparatus, where the shape of the transition component is preferably adapted to the shape of the tubes.

The first piece of material is joined to the second piece of material through at least one intermediate layer of material, in particular metal. The at least one intermediate material layer is arranged between the first piece of material and the second piece of material or is applied to the first and/or second piece of material, in particular, by means of explosive plating.

The transitional construction element of the state of the art is exposed to high thermal loads. For example, if cryogenic fluid flows through the transition construct, the inner side of the transition construct is rapidly and significantly cooled, so that the temperature of the inner side changes compared to the temperature of the outer side of the transition construct. transition. Due to this temperature difference and the different coefficients of thermal expansion of each of the materials, tensions are generated in the transitional construction element between the interior side and the exterior side and/or between each of the materials, which can produce , for example, cracks or breaks.

This temperature difference between the inner side and the outer side affects, for example, the at least one intermediate layer of material, in such a way that the at least one intermediate layer of material tends to contract more on the inner side than on the outer side. Therefore, stresses are also generated in the at least one intermediate material layer.

These stresses lead, for example, to the at least one intermediate material layer subjected to explosive plating being exposed to other additional loads, whereby cracks or breaks can form in the intermediate material layer. Furthermore, these cracks or breaks can cause, for example, the transitional construction element to not be watertight and, therefore, cryogenic fluid can escape. This disadvantage does not occur in the case of the transitional construction element proposed according to the invention.

The transition element according to the invention has at least one insulating layer. The insulating layer extends at least partly over the inner side and/or the outer side of the transitional construction element.

“Partly” here means, for example, that the insulating layer is only arranged on the at least one intermediate material layer. Furthermore, the insulating layer may also be arranged on the at least one intermediate material layer and on at least a part of the first piece of material and/or on at least a part of the second piece of material.

If the at least one insulating layer is arranged on the inner side of the transition component, it at least partially insulates the transition component from the cryogenic fluid. In this way, the temperature difference between the inner side and the outer side of the transitional construction element is reduced. This leads to less stress occurring in the transitional construction element. If the at least one insulating layer is arranged on the outer side of the transition component, it at least partially insulates the transition component against the ambient temperature, for example, the air temperature, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the interior side and the exterior side of the transitional construction element.

In general, the at least one insulating layer thus increases the service life of the transitional construction element.

For example, if in each case an insulating layer is arranged on the inner side and on the outer side of the transition component, the temperature difference can be further reduced and the service life of the transition component can be extended.

Preferably, the at least one insulating layer is arranged such that it covers the first piece of material, the at least one intermediate layer of material and the second piece of material. Thanks to such an arrangement, the first piece of material, the at least one intermediate material layer and the second piece of material have approximately the same temperature. In this way, it is prevented that, for example, due to a significant temperature difference between the first piece of material and the at least one intermediate layer of material, tensions can appear between the two construction elements, which can, for example, damage or destroy the first piece of material and/or the at least one intermediate layer of material.

Preferably, the insulating layer which is arranged on the outer side of the transitional construction element is a jacket. The sleeve is made as a hollow body and has a toroidal, annular or circular cylindrical shape. The insulating layer in the form of a jacket is placed on the transitional construction element and surrounds or encloses it. The jacket can be adapted and selected accordingly depending on the location and the respective use of the transitional construction element.

If the first piece of material is attached to a first pipe of the first material and the second piece of material is attached to a second pipe of the second material, the jacket preferably covers a section of the first pipe and/or a section of the second pipe. . A “pipe” in the sense herein may represent, in particular, a section of a conduit to or from a heat exchanger.

For example, the first piece of material is joined, in particular welded, to the first pipe. If the jacket covers only the transitional construction element, such as, for example, in the case of a prior art transition piece, a temperature difference between the first piece of material and the first pipe could result in tensions occur between the first piece of material and the first pipe. This could lead, for example, to damage to the weld bead, which could cause a leak of cryogenic fluid.

For example, if the sleeve extends over the area where the first piece of material is attached to the first pipe, the stresses between the first piece of material and the first pipe are reduced compared to the state of the art, so way that the union is protected.

Preferably, the jacket has metal and/or plastic and/or ceramic and/or concrete. The shirt can be made in different embodiments. In one embodiment, the jacket could be provided in the form of a tube, in particular, in the form of a heat protection tube. The tube surrounds the transition construction element and/or the pipe attached to it, where the tube can be fixed to the transition construction element and/or to the pipe attached thereto with material drag (for example by means of welding) or with form drag (by means of screws).

In an alternative embodiment, the jacket may be designed in the form of plastic mats, where the plastic mats are placed around the transitional construction element and/or the pipe attached thereto. In this case, for example, sleeves are used as fixings.

In another alternative, the jacket can be configured in the form of a structure with plastic cavities, where the structure has, for example, hexagonal, rectangular or round cavities, which are filled with gases or have a vacuum.

Insulating foam and/or expanded polystyrene can also be used as a jacket.

Preferably, the insulating layer that is arranged on the inner side of the transitional construction element is a refractory masonry. Refractory masonry is made as a hollow body and has a toroidal, annular or circular cylindrical shape. Likewise, the refractory masonry is joined to the transitional construction element with shape drag, for example, by means of screws, and/or with material drag, for example, by gluing, so that by means of the cryogenic fluid that flows through the element Transition construction cannot be used to move or remove refractory masonry. Likewise, the refractory masonry is joined to the transitional construction element in such a way that no cryogenic fluid can penetrate between the refractory masonry and the transitional construction element. This could, for example, loosen or loosen the connection between the refractory masonry and the transitional construction element. Likewise, a cryogenic fluid between the transitional construction element and the refractory masonry would counteract the insulation of the transitional construction element.

The refractory masonry preferably presents an aluminum oxide ceramic, concrete, a structure with plastic cavities, insulating foam and/or expanded polystyrene or a mixture thereof. For example, concrete or insulating foam can be formed or cast into refractory masonry. For example, an aluminum oxide ceramic can be produced in such a way that it has the shape of refractory masonry. It is understood that, depending on the application, the person skilled in the art may prefer a material for refractory masonry.

Furthermore, in the case of the transitional construction element according to the invention, the first material is steel or stainless steel and the second material is aluminum or an aluminum alloy. In particular, steel tubes and aluminum tubes are often used in cryogenic installations, for example, cryogenic heat exchangers for gas liquefaction or cryogenic containers or cryogenic pumps. Aluminum and steel (or their alloys) cannot be welded. Therefore, the transition construction element is suitable for creating a transition between a steel tube and an aluminum tube, where the joint is designed in a fluid-tight manner.

Preferably, the at least one intermediate material layer is a silver layer, a nickel layer or a nickel-titanium layer. These materials can be joined to the first piece of material and/or to the second piece of material by means of explosive plating, which allows the first piece of material to be joined to the second piece of material. A joint thus created is fluid tight, so that, for example, no cryogenic fluid can escape. Likewise, the union between the first piece of material and the second piece of material is inseparable. It is understood that the number as well as the material used can be selected and varied corresponding to the application of the transitional construction element. If several intermediate material layers are selected, for example, one or more silver layers, nickel layers and/or nickel-titanium layers can be used as intermediate material layers.

The core-in-shell heat exchanger according to the invention has a plate heat exchanger arranged in an outer container of the core-in-shell heat exchanger. The plate heat exchanger is provided with a supply line through which the fluid can be introduced into the plate heat exchanger and a discharge line through which the fluid can be removed from the plate heat exchanger. . Likewise, at least one transition construction element according to the invention is arranged in the supply line and/or in the discharge line of the plate heat exchanger.

In a core-in-shell heat exchanger (also called block-in-shell, block-in-boiler or plate-and-shell heat exchanger; the terms are synonymous), at least one plate heat exchanger, the so-called “core,” is arranged. ” in an outer container, also called a “ casing ”.

The core-in-shell heat exchanger serves to perform an indirect heat transfer from, for example, a gaseous fluid to a liquid fluid. The gaseous fluid is introduced, for example, from outside into the plate heat exchanger via the first feed line, while the liquid fluid is provided in the outer container in such a way that the liquid fluid surrounds the plate heat exchanger. plate heat. An indirect thermal contact takes place on the plates of the plate heat exchanger, where the gaseous fluid cools and liquefies, and the liquid fluid is at least partially converted to the gaseous aggregation state. However, core-in-shell heat exchangers are also suitable for other types of heat transfer.

The use of a core-in-shell heat exchanger is advantageous over tube bundle heat exchangers, for example, due to the closer curves in the Q-T diagram, the smaller size and the lower weight, as well as the lower construction and operating costs. A core-in-shell heat exchanger is described, for example, in K. Thulukkanam, Heat Exchanger Design Handbook, Second Edition, CRC Press 2013 on page 127 and shown in Figure 4.25. Core-in-shell heat exchangers are found, for example, in EP 3 237 825 A1, WO 2016/102046 A1, WO 2016/102045 A1, WO 2016/000812 A1, EP 3143352 A1, EP 3077750 A1, DE. 102012011328 A1 and DE 102011 013340 A1.

The plate heat exchanger is formed at least partially from the second mentioned material, which cannot be welded with a first material normally used for the bulk of the pipe. Therefore, the feed line and/or the discharge line advantageously has a first pipe of the first material and a second pipe of the second material, wherein the first material and the second material cannot be joined by fusion welding. The second pipe is connected, on the one hand, to the plate heat exchanger and, on the other hand, to the transition construction element according to the invention, where the transition construction element serves to connect the first pipe with the second pipe. .

Since the second pipe and the plate heat exchanger are made of the same material, they can be joined together, for example, by welding. This joint is fluid tight and ensures that the fluid to be fed to the plate heat exchanger reaches the plate heat exchanger and does not first flow to the outer vessel of the core-in-shell heat exchanger. Furthermore, the transition construction element also ensures that the joint between the first pipe and the second pipe is fluid tight.

Also in this case, the first material is steel or stainless steel and the second material is aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Therefore, the plate heat exchanger is specially formed from aluminum. This is advantageous since aluminum has high thermal conductivity and can therefore adequately conduct heat between the two fluids. Likewise, the plate heat exchanger can be easily produced, for example, by brazing.

The cold box according to the invention has a pipe containing at least one transition construction element according to the invention.

Cold boxes are temperature-insulating enclosures in which process technology devices operating at low temperatures, in particular cryogenic ones, are installed. A process technology installation may comprise one or more corresponding cold boxes and, in particular, may be created in a modular manner from corresponding cold boxes. Process technology installations that are equipped with cold boxes are, for example, installations for the decomposition of air or installations for the decomposition of syngas into its constituents hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon monoxide. In such processes, temperatures of -180 °C and below are reached. The invention is suitable for all fields of application of cold boxes and is not limited to these examples. In a cold box, various installation parts, for example separating devices such as columns and associated heat exchangers, can also be attached together with the pipes to a supporting steel frame, which is lined on the outside with sheet metal plates. The interior of the enclosure formed in this way is filled with insulating material, such as perlite, to prevent the entry of heat from the environment. It is also possible to partially or completely prefabricate the cold boxes with the corresponding devices in the factory, so that if necessary they can be finished on site or simply joined together. For the connection, thermally insulated conduction modules can be used and, if necessary, housed in cold boxes. In typical cold boxes, the installation parts are generally installed at a minimum distance from the wall to ensure sufficient insulation.

The piping in a cold box according to the invention is preferably made without flanged joints, that is, completely welded or through at least one transitional construction element according to the invention, to prevent the generation of leaks. Due to the temperature differences that occur, expansion curvatures may be present in the pipes. The construction elements requiring maintenance are normally not arranged in the cold box, so that the interior of the cold box is advantageously maintenance-free. The valves can be made, for example, as so-called angle valves to allow repairs from the outside. In this regard, the valve is located on the wall of the cold box; The pipe line is led to the valve and vice versa. Pipe conduits and devices are normally made of aluminum; Stainless steel is also used for very high operating pressures. The transitional construction element according to the invention allows a union of these materials. Cold box paint is most often white, but also other light colors. The penetration of moisture from the ambient air, which would freeze in the cold installation parts, can be prevented, for example, by continuous flushing of the cold box, for example with nitrogen.

Other advantages and configurations of the invention result from the description and accompanying drawings.

It is understood that the characteristics mentioned above and those that will be explained below of the invention can be used not only in the combination indicated in each case, but also in other combinations or alone without leaving the framework of the present invention.

The invention has been represented schematically by means of exemplary embodiments in the figures and is described below with reference to the figures.

Description of the figures

Figure 1 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of a transitional construction element according to the invention with a jacket in a longitudinal section view.

Figure 2 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of a transitional construction element according to the invention with a refractory masonry in a longitudinal section view.

Figure 3 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of a core-in-shell heat exchanger.

Figure 4 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of a cold box.

Identical reference symbols in the figures indicate identical or structurally identical elements and are not explained separately each time.

A preferred embodiment of a transitional element according to the invention with a sleeve is shown in FIG. 1 in a longitudinal sectional view and is designated 1a.

The transitional construction element 1a has a first piece of material 10, a second piece of material 20 and an intermediate layer 30 of material. The transition construction element 1a or the first piece of material 10, the intermediate material layer 30 and the second piece of material 20 have a hollow cylindrical shape with a radially inner inner side 2 and a radially outer outer side 3. The first piece of material 10 is composed of steel, the intermediate material layer 30 of nickel and the second piece of material 20 of aluminum, wherein the first piece of material 10 cannot be joined with the second piece of material 20 by means of fusion welding. The first piece of material 10 is connected, in particular by welding, to a steel tube 4 and the second piece of material 20 to an aluminum tube 5.

The first piece of material 10 and the second piece of material 20 each have a thin section 41, 42 and a thick section 51, 52, where the thick section 51, 52 has a thickness that is approximately two to five times thicker than a thickness of 41, 42 thin section.

The intermediate material layer 30 is arranged between the thick section 51 of the first piece of material 10 and the thick section 52 of the second piece of material 20. The middle layer of material 30 was joined with the second piece of material 20 by means of explosive plating. The middle layer of material 30 was then bonded to the first piece of material 10. This joint was formed in this case by means of plating with explosives. The thick sections 51, 52 serve in this particular case to provide a sufficient surface area on which the intermediate material layer 30 can be applied. The intermediate material layer 30 serves in this case to connect the first piece of material 10 to the second piece of material 20. A joint thus created is fluid tight, so that, for example, no cryogenic fluid can escape. Likewise, the connection between the first piece of material 10 and the second piece of material 20 is inseparable.

However, explosive plating places great physical stress on the intermediate material layer 30, which can cause the intermediate material layer 30 to become brittle or brittle.

In particular, in cryogenic installations in which the cryogenic fluid flows through the transition construction element 1a, the cryogenic fluid cools the loaded transition construction element 1a from the inner side 2 to the outer side 3. In this way, the intermediate material layer 30 is also cooled and contracts by cooling. These additional forces can lead to the fragile intermediate material layer being damaged or destroyed, which makes the transitional construction element 1a non-tight. The greater the temperature difference between the inner side 2 and the outer side 3 of the transition construction element 1a, the greater the forces acting on the intermediate material layer.

To reduce the temperature difference between the inner side 2 and the outer side 3 of the transition component 1a, the transition component 1a also has insulation in the form of a jacket 100, in particular a thermal protection tube. The sleeve 100 is made as a hollow body and has a toroidal, annular or circular cylindrical shape. The sleeve 100 is arranged on the radially outer outer side 3 in such a way that it encloses the transition construction element 1a. Thanks to such an arrangement, the first material piece 10, the intermediate material layer 30 and the second material piece 20 have approximately the same temperature. In this way, the temperature difference between the inner side 2 and the outer side 3 of the intermediate material layer 30 is reduced, thereby reducing the stresses that occur in the intermediate material layer 30.

Likewise, for example, the stresses that occur between the first piece of material 10 and the intermediate material layer 30 are reduced, which can damage or destroy, for example, the first piece of material 10 and/or the layer 30 of intermediate material. With this, the sleeve 100 increases the useful life of the transition construction element 1a.

Likewise, the jacket 100 extends at least in part over the steel tube 4 and the aluminum tube 5. This is advantageous since a temperature difference between the first piece of material 10 and the steel tube 4 could lead to the appearance of stresses between the first piece of material 10 and the steel tube 4. This could lead, for example, to damage to the weld bead between the first piece of material 10 and the steel tube 4.

Another preferred embodiment of a transitional construction element 1b according to the invention with a refractory masonry is shown in Figure 2 in a longitudinal section view.

The transition construction element 1b differs from the transition construction element 1a of Figure 1 in that the transition construction element 1b has insulation in the form of a refractory masonry 200. The refractory masonry 200 is made as a hollow body and has a toroidal shape. , annular or circular cylindrical and is, for example, an aluminum oxide ceramic.

The refractory masonry 200 is arranged on the radially inner inner side 3 in such a way that it covers the transitional construction element 1b. Thanks to such an arrangement, the first material piece 10, the intermediate material layer 30 and the second material piece 20 have approximately the same temperature. In this way, the temperature difference between the inner side 2 and the outer side 3 of the intermediate material layer 30 is reduced, thereby reducing the stresses that occur in the intermediate material layer 30.

Likewise, for example, the stresses that occur between the first piece of material 10 and the intermediate material layer 30 are reduced, which can damage or destroy, for example, the first piece of material 10 and/or the layer 30 of intermediate material. The refractory masonry 200 thus increases the useful life of the transitional construction element 1 b.

Likewise, the refractory masonry 200 extends at least in part over the steel tube 4 and the aluminum tube 5. This is advantageous since a temperature difference between the first piece of material 10 and the steel tube 4 could lead to the appearance of stresses between the first piece of material 10 and the steel tube 4. This could lead, for example, to damage to the weld bead between the first piece of material 10 and the steel tube 4.

The refractory masonry 200 has a trapezoidal cross section, where the edges 210 of the refractory masonry 200 running radially from the inside to the outside are designed inclined or flattened. This allows the cryogenic fluid to flow through the transitional construction element 1 b without the refractory masonry 200 clearly increasing the resistance to flow, as would be the case, for example, with vertical edges.

In this case, the refractory masonry 200 is positively connected to the transition component, in particular screwed thereto, so that the cryogenic fluid flowing through the transition component 1b cannot be displaced or removed. refractory masonry 200. Likewise, the refractory masonry 200 is joined to the transition construction element 1b in such a way that no cryogenic fluid can penetrate between the refractory masonry 200 and the transition construction element 1b. This could, for example, loosen or loosen the connection between the refractory masonry 200 and the transitional construction element 1b. Likewise, a cryogenic fluid between the transition construction element 1b and the refractory masonry 200 would counteract the insulation of the transition construction element 1b.

A preferred embodiment of a core-in-shell heat exchanger 1000 is shown schematically in Figure 3. The core-in-shell heat exchanger 1000 has an outer vessel 1100 (shell) and a plate heat exchanger 1200 disposed in the outer vessel 1100.

The plate heat exchanger 1200 has a plurality of plates 1300. The plate heat exchanger 1200 and the plates 1300 are brazed, for example, of aluminum.

The plates 1300 are configured to transfer heat from a fluid A, for example, natural gas, to a fluid B, for example, a refrigerant (for example a mixture of ethylene and propylene). To do this, fluid A, which is in a gaseous state, can be fed from the outside to the core-in-shell heat exchanger 1000 or to the plate heat exchanger 1200 through a first supply line 1400, that is, the Fluid A flows through the plates 1300 of the plate heat exchanger. Fluid A is cooled therein and can be extracted or removed as a liquid through a first discharge line 1500, which features aluminum, from the plate heat exchanger 1200, as well as from the core-in-shell heat exchanger 1000.

In this regard, heat from fluid A is transferred in plates 1300 to fluid B, which is conducted as a liquid and/or as a gas (in this case, a two-phase mixture), through a second feed line 1600. to the outer vessel 1100 of the core-in-shell heat exchanger 1000. Fluid B flows between the plates 1300 of the plate heat exchanger 1200 and the liquid constituents of fluid B are converted to the gaseous state. The gaseous constituents of fluid B are brought to a higher temperature. Gaseous fluid B can then be removed from the core-in-shell heat exchanger 1000 through a second discharge line 1700. The second feed line 1600 as well as the second discharge line 1700 have, for example, steel.

The first feed line 1400 in this case has a steel tube 4 and an aluminum tube 5, where the aluminum tube 5 is arranged completely and the steel tube 4 partly inside the outer container 1100. The aluminum tube 5 is welded to the plate heat exchanger 1200. The steel tube 4 serves, for example, to join, in particular to weld, with a steel tube of a tank in which fluid A is present.

Likewise, the transition construction element 1a (of Figure 1) is arranged between the steel tube 4 and the aluminum tube 5. The transition construction element 1a serves to join the steel tube 4 with the aluminum tube 5 in a fluid-tight manner. To this end, the transition construction element 1a has a first piece 10 of material that has steel, a second piece 20 of material presenting aluminum and an intermediate layer 30 of material presenting nickel and which is arranged between the first piece of material 10 and the second piece of material 20 by means of plating with explosives. The first piece of material 10 is welded to the steel tube 4 and the second piece of material 20 to the aluminum tube 5.

Inside the first feed line 1400, through which the gaseous fluid A is led to the plate heat exchanger 1200, the temperature is higher than the temperature outside the first feed line 1400. Due to this temperature difference as well as the different thermal expansion coefficients of each of the materials, tensions may occur in the transition construction element 1a and/or in the first supply line 1400, between the interior side and the side. exterior and/or between the individual materials, for example, in weld seams. This could cause, for example, cracks or breaks in the first feed line 1400 or in each of the materials.

In this embodiment, the jacket 100 of the transition construction element 1a extends over the part of the first supply line 1400 arranged inside the outer container 1100 and thus ensures that the occurrence of stresses is reduced. This also prevents the gaseous fluid A from escaping through cracks and breaks, for example in a weld bead.

In this case, it is understood that the use of the transition construction element 1a in the first supply line 1400 is only an example. Additionally, it is possible to install additional transitional construction elements within or on the core-in-shell heat exchanger 1000. Provided, for example, the second discharge line 1700, which features steel, is to be joined outside the core-in-shell heat exchanger 1000 with a tube that does not feature steel and, therefore, cannot be welded directly to the second discharge line 1700, a corresponding transition construction element could be used in this case.

Likewise, in one case it could be necessary that the first discharge pipe 1500 had to have steel, so a direct connection of the first discharge pipe 1500 with the plate heat exchanger 1200 could not be made. Therefore, in this case the use of an additional transitional construction element would be conceivable.

The core-in-shell heat exchanger 1000 is also only one example of the application of the transitional construction element. Likewise, it is convenient to use transitional construction elements in cold box installations or, for short, cold boxes. Cold box installations are used for air decomposition or syngas decomposition and present as process technology devices a plurality of heat exchangers and/or cold chambers, through which the air or the synthesis gas. The transition components can be mounted, for example, on pipes that serve to extract a particular constituent from the air or syngas of the cold box installation after decomposition. Since the individual components are loaded and stored, for example, in steel or stainless steel containers, but the heat exchangers, for example, feature aluminum, the use of transitional components is preferred in this case. , since in this way a simple connection of the aluminum heat exchanger pipe with the stainless steel vessel pipe can be created.

Figure 4 shows by way of example an air decomposition installation 2100 in a known manner, the components of which are at least partially arranged in a cold box 2000.

Air decomposition installations of the type shown are often described elsewhere, for example in H.-W. Haring (ed.), Industrial Gases Processing, Wiley-VCH, 2006, in particular, Section 2.2.5, “Cryogenic Rectification”. For detailed explanations of the structure and mode of operation, please refer to the corresponding technical literature. An air decomposition installation for the use of the present invention can be designed in the most diverse ways.

The air decomposition installation 2100 shown by way of example in Figure 4 may have, among other things, a main air compressor, a pre-cooling device, a cleaning system and a secondary compressor arrangement in a so-called hot part 2200 , which is indicated schematically to the left of the cold box 2000 and is not illustrated in detail. A main heat exchanger 2110 and a distillation column system 2120 are arranged as a process technology apparatus within the cold box 2000. In the illustrated example, the distillation column system 2120 comprises a classic double column arrangement that is It consists of a high pressure column 2122 and a low pressure column 2124 that are linked together with heat exchange through a main condenser 2126.

Pressurized feed air streams are supplied to the cold box 2000 in the direction of the arrow and through ducts 2002, 2004 that are connected to the cold box 2000 by means of transition pieces 1a. One of the feed air streams can be removed after partial cooling in the main heat exchanger 2110 through a line 2006, which is connected to the cold box 2000 through a transition piece 1a, for example, relaxed outside. from the cold box 2000 and through a line 2008, which is connected to the cold box 2000 through a transition piece 1a, feed back to the cold box 2000.

The transitional construction elements 1a join the outer pipe of the cold box 2000 with an aluminum pipe inside the cold box 2000.

In the high-pressure column 2122, an oxygen-enriched liquid bottom fraction as well as a nitrogen-enriched gaseous overhead fraction are formed. The oxygen-enriched liquid bottoms fraction is removed from high pressure column 2122 and transferred to low pressure column 2124. A nitrogen-rich gaseous overhead product is removed from the top of high pressure column 2122, liquefied in main condenser 2126 and fed in fractions as a return flow to high pressure column 2122, expanded to the column 2124 low pressure and is discharged from the air decomposition facility 2100 as a liquid LIN product.

In the low pressure column 2124, an oxygen-rich liquid bottom fraction and a nitrogen-rich gaseous overhead fraction are formed. The first is partially pressurized in liquid form in a pump coupled to a motor M, heated in the main heat exchanger 2110 and provided as a gaseous pressure product GOX. A fraction that is not pressurized as a liquid in the pump may be discharged from the air decomposition facility 2100 as a LOX liquid oxygen product. A nitrogen-rich gas stream drawn from the head of the low-pressure column 2124 is conducted through the main heat exchanger 2110 and provided as the nitrogen product GAN.

It is understood that the preferred embodiments according to Figures 1 and 2 can also be combined. For example, the transition component may have a jacket 100 as well as a refractory masonry 200. As a result, the temperature difference between the inner side 2 and the outer side 3 of the transition component can be further reduced and the useful life of the transitional construction element. In the installation according to Figure 3 or Figure 4, one transition element 1b or both transition elements or different transition elements could also be used, as just explained.

Claims (11)

i. Transition construction element (1a, 1b) for joining construction elements of a chemical or process technology apparatus, wherein the transition construction element (1a, 1b) presents a first piece (10) of material of a first material and a second piece (20) of material of a second material, wherein the first material and the second material cannot be joined together by fusion welding, wherein the first piece (10) of material and the second piece (20) of material form a hollow body, where the transition construction element (1a, 1b) has a radially internal inner side (2) and a radially external outer side (3), where the first piece (10) of material is joined to the second piece (20) of material through at least one layer (30) of intermediate material, where The transitional construction element (1a, 1b) has at least one insulating layer (100, 200), wherein the insulating layer (100, 200) extends at least in part on the inner side (2) and/or the inner side (2). (3) exterior of the transitional construction element (1a, 1b), characterized in that the first material is steel or stainless steel and the second material is aluminum or an aluminum alloy. 2. Transition construction element (1a, 1b) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one insulating layer (100, 200) is arranged in such a way that it covers the first piece (10) of material, the at least one layer (30) of intermediate material and the second piece (20) of material. 3. Transition construction element (1a, 1b) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating layer (100, 200) that is arranged on the outer side (3) of the transition construction element (1a, 1b) is a shirt (100). 4. Transition construction element (1a, 1b) according to claim 3, wherein the first piece (10) of material is attached to a first pipe (4) of the first material and the second piece (20) of material is attached to a second pipe (5) of the second material, characterized in that the jacket (100) also covers a section of the first pipe (4) and/or a section of the second pipe (5). 5. Transition construction element (1a, 1b) according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the jacket (100) has metal and/or plastic and/or ceramic and/or concrete. 6. Transition construction element (1a, 1b) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the insulating layer (100, 200) that is arranged on the inner side (2) of the transition construction element (1a, 1b) It is a refractory masonry (200). 7. Transition construction element (1a, 1b) according to claim 6, characterized in that the refractory masonry (200) has an aluminum oxide ceramic, concrete, a honeycomb structure of plastic, insulating foam and/or expanded polystyrene or a mixture thereof. 8. Transition construction element (1a, 1b) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one layer (30) of intermediate material is a metallic layer, in particular, a silver layer, a nickel layer or a nickel-titanium layer. 9. Core-in-shell heat exchanger (1000) with a plate heat exchanger (1200) that is arranged in an external container (1100), with a feed line (1400), through which fluid can be introduced in the plate heat exchanger (1200), and with a discharge line (1500), through which fluid can be extracted from the plate heat exchanger (1200), characterized by the supply line (1400) and /or at least one transition construction element (1a, 1b) according to one of the preceding claims is arranged in the discharge line (1500). 10. Core-in-shell heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 9, wherein the plate heat exchanger (1200) is formed by the second material, wherein the feed conduit (1400) and/or the conduit ( 1500) discharge has a first pipe (4) of the first material and a second pipe (5) of the second material, where the second pipe (5) is joined to the plate heat exchanger (1200), characterized in that the first pipe (4) is joined to the second pipe (5) through at least one transition construction element (1a, 1b). 11. Cold box (2000), wherein the cold box (2000) presents at least one process technology apparatus (2110, 2120), characterized by the pipe inside the at least one process technology apparatus (2110, 2120). and/or, in the case of several process engineering apparatus, between at least two process engineering apparatus (2110, 2120) and/or the feed conduit (2002, 2004) to and/or the feed conduit (2006, 2004). 2008) discharge from the cold box (2000) has at least one transition construction element (1a, 1b) according to one of claims 1 to 8.