ES2983015T3 - Displacement device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a displacement device (1) for displacing an object (3) guided by at least one rail (2) and movable in a direction of displacement (V) along the rail (2). The displacement device (1) comprises a drive head (10) positionable on the rail (2) and comprising a receiving element (10a) for coupling to a first end zone (6) of an actuator (5), the actuator (5) being coupleable with a second end zone (7) to an object receiving element (3a) of the object (3) such that, when the actuator (5) is in operation, the object receiving element (3a) can be displaced in a direction along the rail (2) away from the drive head (10) or towards the drive head (10). The displacement device (1) further comprises an eccentric receiving element (11) which can be positioned on the rail (2) and which is slidably connected to the drive head (10) by means of at least one lever element (12, 12a) rotatably connected to the drive head (10) and at least one eccentric element (13, 13a) rotatably connected to the lever element (12, 12a) and the eccentric receiving element (11), wherein an eccentric axis of a rotary bearing, which is perpendicular to the displacement direction (V), through which the eccentric element (13, 13a) and the eccentric receiving element (11) are rotatably connected, is arranged relative to the eccentric element (13, 13a) and the eccentric receiving element (11) such that a contact surface (13', 13a') of the eccentric element (13, 13a) facing the rail (2) is frictionally actuated. The displacement device (1) comprises at least one pretensioning element (20) coupled to the drive head (10) and to the eccentric receiving element (11), which is designed to generate a pretension that repels the eccentric receiving element (11) from the drive head (10) and that is sufficient for the contact surface (13', 13a') to engage by friction with the surface of the rail (2') when the displacement device (1) is placed on the rail (2). (Automatic translation with Google Translate, without legal value)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Displacement device

The invention relates to a moving device for moving an object guided by at least one rail and movable in a direction of travel along the rail. The invention further relates to a rail-guided moving system with the moving device and to a method for moving an object guided by at least one rail and movable in a direction of travel along the rail, said object being able to be used in particular as a formwork carriage, scaffolding unit, protective wall and/or work platform, the moving device being placed on the rail.

Travelling devices, also known as walking gear, are primarily used in civil engineering. In principle, large loads such as formwork trolleys, large scaffolding units, etc., can be moved horizontally using travel devices, for example, high-performance wheels on crane rails. Travelling devices for moving large loads horizontally on crane rails can be designed in different ways. The movement of loads using a hydraulically or electrically driven wheel is already known. It is also possible to move the load on crane rails using a wire rope or chain hoist according to the principle of a rope winch. Finally, the load can be moved with a hydraulic cylinder in conjunction with an eccentric clamping unit, for example a Wito cantilever device from Lorenz Pan GmbH, A-9900 Linz, Austria.

The disadvantage is that hydraulic or electric wheels do not allow manual operation. A wire rope or chain hoist always requires a corresponding anchor point, which makes handling the wire rope or chain hoist more complicated. In the case of the eccentric clamping unit, the device always engages with an offset, because the moving hydraulic cylinder pushes the eccentric clamping unit in the opposite direction of travel before the eccentric plates of the eccentric clamping unit come into contact with the crane rail. This unwanted shifting or “slipping” of the eccentric clamping unit without moving the load cannot be prevented even by the toothing of the eccentric plates and causes a time and space offset in the coupling to the crane rail. Another disadvantage is that valuable energy is lost for the operation of the hydraulic cylinder, since the eccentric clamping unit must be attached to the crane rail instead of using this energy directly to drive the load. In addition to high wear on the lifting cylinder, the lifting cylinder movements required to clamp the eccentric clamping unit to the crane rail result in high maintenance costs that could be avoided if the eccentric clamping unit were not pushed against the direction of travel before the load moves in the direction of travel while the lifting cylinder continues to move.

Document DE 1943242 A1 describes a displacement device.

The aim of the present invention is, on the contrary, to provide a simple, compact and lightweight displacement device, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, the displacement device should be manually operable and allow movement of the displacement device in the opposite direction to the direction of travel to be substantially prevented before the load moves in the direction of travel. The displacement device should be provided in such a way that the time- and distance-out-of-phase gripping of the rail, which is known in the prior art, is essentially eliminated.

This object is solved by a moving device with the features of claim 1 of the patent and a method for moving an object guided by at least one rail and movable in a direction of travel along the rail with the features of claim 17 of the patent. The dependent claims provide suitable variants.

The object according to the invention is thus solved by a displacement device according to claim 1.

The travel device may also be referred to as a walking mechanism. The towing head is defined with reference to the rail, the actuator and the object, the rail, the actuator and the object not being included in the travel device. The rail may be designed as a crane rail. The object may be designed as a formwork trolley, tunnel formwork trolley, scaffolding unit, construction unit, etc. The object may be designed to be able to move on the rail using at least one high-performance wheel or one flanged wheel. The object may also be designed to be able to move on at least two rails using several high-performance wheels or flanged wheels. The object may have a high weight of more than one ton and at least one rail is designed to absorb at least part of this load and transfer it to a base on which the rail rests. The direction of travel is essentially horizontal and may run in a straight line and/or in the form of a circular segment. Inclined and ascending directions of travel are also feasible. The actuator can be used as a lifting device, for example by being designed as an electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated lifting cylinder, or as a crankshaft drive. The eccentric elements can be designed as eccentric plates and made of particularly hard steel, for example Hardox® steel, which is harder than standard steel.

The coupling of a receiving element with the first end region of the actuator and/or the coupling of the actuator with its second end region to the object receiving element of the object can be rotatably configured. The coupling can be mechanical, pressure-type and/or positive-fitting and serves to introduce a force with at least one force component in or against the direction of travel into the drive head. The direction of travel is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the rail, which can be straight or curved. The contact surface of the eccentric element and/or the rail surface can have a normal vector oriented essentially horizontally. The contact surface of the eccentric element can therefore run laterally parallel to a side surface of the rail and the rail surface can be configured as a side surface of the rail. One eccentric element, i.e. a total of two eccentric elements per displacement device, can be present on opposite sides of the rail. Both eccentric elements can be rotatably connected to the drive head at one end and to the eccentric receiving element at the other end via lever elements assigned to them.

The preload generated by the preloading element coupled to the drive head and the eccentric receiving element ensures that the at least one eccentric element is frictionally abutted on the rail, i.e. pressed/pressed against the rail. If the contact surface cannot make frictional contact with the rail surface when the preloading element is tensioned, for example because the eccentric element is prevented from coming into contact with the rail, there is no preload. The preload generated by the preloading element thus occurs between the contact surface of the eccentric element and the rail surface and leads to a frictional connection between the two surfaces. If the displacement device is placed on the rail, the eccentric element can be in frictional contact even if the actuator does not apply force to the drive head. A controlled contact of the eccentric element on the rail is also possible, for example, so that the eccentric element only comes into contact with the rail when a command is sent to the preloading element. If, during operation of the actuator, the object receiving element moves in a direction along the rail away from the drive head or towards the drive head, such that the minimum distance of the eccentric receiving element from the drive head is reached or exceeded, the contact surface of the eccentric element facing the rail is not only due to the preloading of the frictional preloading element on the rail surface of the rail, but also due to the additional contact force generated by the operation of the actuator. This can occur, for example, if the drive head and the eccentric receiving element are separated from each other by the extension of a cylinder forming the actuator. The preload is sufficient to ensure that there is a frictional connection between the displacement device and the rail, so that when the actuator is actuated such that the minimum distance between the eccentric element and the drive head is reached and/or exceeded, the object can be moved away from the displacement device in the direction of travel, essentially without any movement of the displacement device in the opposite direction to the direction of travel before the object moves in the direction of travel. If there are several displacement devices per object, for example a rail displacement device with two rails, the preload can be distributed between the displacement devices to generate a total preload that is sufficient for the object to be separated from the displacement device in the direction of travel without prior movement of the displacement device in the opposite direction of travel. Due to the frictional contact of the contact surface on the rail surface generated by the preload without actuation of the actuator, the displacement device is designed to eliminate or essentially eliminate the temporally and spatially out-of-phase grip of the displacement device on the rail known in the prior art. The preload can be adjusted by coupling the preload element to the drive head and the eccentric receiving element in such a way that the displacement device does not slide relative to the rail or that the displacement device grips the rail with a time and space offset during operation of the actuator. The displacement device can be designed so that it is so compact and light that it can be removed from the rail and moved by hand. The displacement device can therefore be used for the essentially horizontal displacement of objects such as, for example, tunnel formwork carriages or heavy structures that can be moved on a rail, for example, a crane rail, by means of a high-performance wheel or a flanged wheel. The displacement device can in principle be regarded as a kind of climbing head, which can be frictionally connected to the rail by means of at least one eccentric element and a corresponding lever element.

The displacement device can also be used in such a way that the object cannot be moved during operation of the actuator when the displacement device is stationary, but that the rail can be moved when the object is stationary, for example on a crane or a portal such as a bridge. To do this, the rail would have to be separated from its base and then moved using the actuator while the object is stationary. If the actuator is designed as a lifting device, a certain number of successive lifting movements would have to be performed in order to be able to move the rail over a length of rail. To reduce friction between the rail and the base, the rail can be moved on a friction-reducing surface or on rollers or wheels relative to the base.

In a preferred embodiment, the pre-loading element is designed to generate the pre-load such that the contact surface abuts against the rail surface in a frictional locking manner, when the drive head experiences a first actuator force away from the eccentric housing element during operation of the actuator, and the contact surface abuts against the rail surface by sliding friction during operation of the actuator, the drive head experiences a second actuator force towards the eccentric housing element. In this way, when the drive head experiences the first actuator force away from the eccentric housing element during operation of the actuator, the object can be moved away from the displacement device without temporal or spatial offset when the displacement device grips the rail. If the drag head experiences the second force from the actuator towards the eccentric housing element through the actuator, the object can drag the displacement device instead of overcoming the static friction between the displacement device and the rail, overcoming the sliding friction between the displacement device and the rail, which is significantly lower than the static friction.

According to the invention, the preloading element is designed as a compression spring element or a torsion spring element, which is arranged in or on the displacement device such that one end of the spring element bears on one side of the drive head and the other end of the element bears on one side of the eccentric receiving element when the displacement device is positioned on the rail. In this way, the preloading can be generated in a simple and cost-effective manner. Displacement devices without a compression spring element or a torsion spring element can also be retrofitted in a simple and cost-effective manner, without structural changes to the eccentric elements and the ends of the lever elements and, depending on the embodiment, to the drive head or the eccentric receiving element.

According to the invention, the displacement device may comprise a rod element for receiving the compression spring element, the end region of which is fixed either to the drive head or to the eccentric receiving element. The compression spring element may be designed as a compression spring, which may be cylindrical and is received by the rod element such that a longitudinal axis of the compression spring element is aligned substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the rod element. In addition to receiving a guide for the compression spring element in the loaded state with and without an actuator activated, the rod element serves to define the position of the compression spring relative to the drive head and the eccentric receiving element and the shape of the compression spring.

Then, when one end region of the rod element is fixed to the drive head, according to the invention its other end region is guided in a slidable manner through the eccentric receiving element or along the eccentric receiving element and, then, when one end region of the rod element is fixed to the eccentric receiving element, according to the invention its other end region is guided in a slidable manner through the drive head or along the drive head, there being in the other end region a fixing element that can be fixed in at least one position on a rod axis of the rod element, so that the preload is cancelled by limiting a rod length available for the compression spring element when the contact surface projects frictionlessly beyond the rail surface. Because the rod length available for the compression spring element is limited by the fixing element, the compression spring element can no longer generate sufficient preload for the contact surface to bear frictionally on the rail surface. This preload is therefore cancelled out by the limited rod length for the compression spring element, so that the displacement device can be easily and quickly removed from the rail and put into operation after the rod length has been limited by the clamping element.

In an advantageous embodiment, a fastening element can be fixed in the other end region, which can be slidably fixed in different positions on the rod axis of the rod element, so that the rod length available for the compression spring element can be variably adjusted. With the variably adjustable rod length, the distance between the drag head and the eccentric receiving element can also be variably adjusted because the compression spring element generates a repellent force between the drag head and the eccentric receiving element and the distance between the two elements is defined by the set rod length. The rod length can therefore be adjusted so that the displacement device can be removed from the rail and/or placed on the rail with only a small gap between the eccentric element and the rail. This minimizes the amount of manual effort required to adjust the rod length against the force of the compression spring.

In addition to the compression spring element or as a substitute for the compression spring element, the rod element can accommodate a tension spring element and arrange it between the opposite sides of the eccentric mounting element and the fixing element. In this way, a total spring force can be distributed between two elastic elements to generate the preload, which is sufficient for the contact surface to be in frictional contact with the rail surface. If the compression spring element breaks during use on the construction site, a tension spring element located between the opposite sides of the eccentric mounting element and the fixing element can take over the function of the compression spring element. This increases the reliability of the sliding device compared to the case without a tension spring element.

It is particularly simple and cost-effective if the other end region of the rod element has a thread and the fastening element is designed as a nut.

Advantageously, the preloading element is designed as a preloading lifting device, one end of which is arranged on one side of the drag head and the other end on one side of the eccentric receiving element, the preloading lifting device being a passive element such as a shock absorber or an active element in the form of a preloading lifting cylinder with adjustable lifting stroke. Due to the possibility of relieving the load on the shock absorber and the preloading lifting cylinder, the preloading can be cancelled and the moving device can be removed from the rail or placed on the rail. The preloading lifting cylinder offers the advantage of precise and effortless manual control or regulation.

Particularly advantageously, when the displacement device is placed on the rail, a longitudinal axis of the preload element in the form of the compression spring element, the tension spring element, the shock absorber or the preload lifting cylinder is aligned parallel to the direction of travel of the object, i.e. a rail longitudinal axis of the rail. In this way, a change in the spring travel of the compression and/or tension spring element or the length of the shock absorber or the preload lifting cylinder, i.e. a stroke of the shock absorber or the preload lifting cylinder, contributes to a corresponding change in the preload.

As an alternative or in addition to the compression and/or tension spring element, at least one torsion spring component can be provided as a preloading element, which is provided in one of the swivel bearings for the swivel connection between the driving head and the lever element, the lever element and the eccentric element, and the eccentric element and the eccentric receiving element. The torsion spring component can be provided in a single swivel bearing, in several or in all of the swivel bearings for the swivel connection between the driving head and the lever element, the lever element and the eccentric element, and the eccentric element and the eccentric receiving element. If the torsion spring component replaces the compression and/or tension spring element as a preloading element, the torsion spring force of a torsion spring component can be sufficient for the contact surface to come into friction contact with the rail surface when the displacement device is positioned on the rail. This results in a simple and cost-effective embodiment of the preloading element. It is not necessary to include a rod element with or without a fixing element in the displacement device.

In order to further increase the degree of frictional connection between the contact surface of the eccentric element and the rail surface compared to a smooth contact surface, the contact surface of the eccentric element can be provided with teeth or roughness. The teeth of the toothing are preferably oriented in a direction essentially perpendicular to the direction of travel or the longitudinal axis of the rail. This alignment serves to prevent the displacement device from slipping when the object is to be moved away from the displacement device in the direction of travel by means of the actuator.

It is particularly advantageous if the eccentric receiving element is slidably connected to the driving head by means of a second lever element rotatably connected to the driving head and a second eccentric element is rotatably connected to the second lever element and the eccentric receiving element, the displacement device being placed on the rail and the lever element and the second lever element as well as the eccentric element and the second eccentric element being arranged symmetrically with respect to the rail. Due to the symmetrical arrangement of both eccentric elements with respect to the rail, the contact surfaces of both eccentric elements face each other such that the contact surfaces that frictionally abut the rail surfaces hold the rail when the displacement device is placed on the rail. If the lever elements and the eccentric elements match in their geometric dimensions, the preload can be generated by both eccentric elements in equal parts, which leads to a symmetrical application of the force on the rail. This leads to equal wear of both eccentric elements and both rail surfaces and thus to high reliability of the travel device with low maintenance costs.

The invention also comprises a rail-guided displacement system with the displacement device according to one of the embodiments set out above, the at least one rail, the object which can be displaced along the rail in the direction of displacement and the actuator which is coupled to the object with its second end region, the actuator being designed as a lifting device, in particular as a lifting cylinder. In this way, a simple and efficient displacement system is created with a manually operable displacement device, which essentially eliminates the time- and distance-delayed gripping of the displacement device on the rail known in the prior art.

As already mentioned, the first and second end regions of the lifting device can be rotatably connected in each case to the receiving element of the drag head and the object, the axes of the rotary bearings for connecting the first end region to the receiving element and the second end region to the object being substantially parallel to one another and substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel. In this arrangement, the lifting device can be oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rail on which the travel device is placed, and the lifting device can be rotatably coupled/connected with its second end region to a lower side of a frame of the object. The length of the retracted lifting device between both end regions can be greater than a distance between the lower side of the frame of the object and an upper side of the rail on which the travel device is placed. If the frame of the object is supported on wheels, such as high-performance wheels or flanged wheels, the distance of the lower part of the frame of the object from the upper part of the rail can substantially correspond to a diameter of the wheel on which the frame is supported. If the length of the lifting device between the two end zones is greater than the distance between the underside of the object frame and an upper side of the rail, a force component is always introduced into the drag head in or against the direction of travel when the lifting device is extended or retracted. In other words, the force applied via the lifting device to the drag head in the direction of travel is greater with the same stroke, if the lifting device is arranged at a more acute angle to the rail. Therefore, the longitudinal axis of the lifting device is advantageously arranged at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the rail on which the travel device is placed.

In the movement system according to the present invention, the object can be designed as a heavy load, in particular in the form of a formwork carriage or a scaffolding unit, and can be arranged in a movable manner on at least two rails arranged substantially parallel to one another by means of high-performance wheels or flanged wheels. The movement devices can be arranged on only one of the two rails or on each of the two rails in order to move the object in the direction of travel by means of the actuator assigned to the movement device. Several movement devices can also be arranged on each rail in order to ensure the necessary propulsion.

The invention also comprises a method according to claim 14.

Thus, a "caterpillar-like" movement in the direction of travel is performed, whereby the object is moved from the stationary travel device in the direction of travel by the first actuator force and then the travel device is dragged from the stationary object in the direction of travel by the second actuator force, which is opposite to the first actuator force. The effects and advantages of this method according to the invention for moving an object guided by at least one rail and displaceable in a direction of travel along the rail correspond to those of the travel device according to the invention described above for moving the object guided by at least one rail and displaceable in the direction of travel along the rail.

In two preferred embodiments of the method for moving the object, in a first alternative either the drag head experiences the first actuator force away from the eccentric housing member as the actuator is actuated such that the object housing member moves in a direction along the rail away from the drag head, and the drag head experiences the second actuator force toward the eccentric housing member as the actuator is actuated such that the object housing member moves in a direction along the rail toward the drag head, or, in a second alternative, the drag head experiences the first actuator force away from the eccentric housing member as the actuator is actuated such that the object housing member moves in a direction along the rail toward the drag head, and the drag head experiences the second actuator force toward the eccentric housing member as the actuator is actuated such that the object housing member moves in a direction along the rail away from the drag head.

In the first alternative, for example, two facing contact surfaces of two eccentric elements of the same displacement device, which are designed as eccentric plates, can be supported by friction on the rail, which is designed as a crane rail. The friction connection between the eccentric elements and the rail serves to ensure that the object, which is designed as a tunnel formwork carriage or a heavy construction, is moved without time or space offsets when the actuator, which is designed as a hydraulic cylinder and is coupled to the displacement device and the formwork carriage, is extended. Using the preload element, which is designed as a compression spring, the displacement device is subjected to the preload between the eccentric plates and the rail. The preload ensures that the eccentric plates are pressed laterally against the crane rail and, when the hydraulic cylinder is extended, a play-free friction connection is formed between the displacement device and the crane rail. The travelling device is arranged between the flanged wheels of the formwork carriage, so that the crane rail is sufficiently loaded to move the formwork carriage horizontally in the travel direction by further extending the cylinder. When the cylinder is retracted, the hold of the travelling device on the crane rail, i.e. the frictional contact of the contact surfaces of the eccentric elements on the rail surfaces of the rail, is automatically released from the crane rail and the travelling device can be pulled/retracted in the travel direction essentially unloaded by the hydraulic cylinder on the crane rail, the contact surfaces of the eccentric elements being supported by sliding friction against the rail surfaces.

Advantageously, these additional steps can be carried out:

- design the preload element as a compression spring element,

- providing a rod element for receiving the compression spring element, the end zone of which is fixed to the drive head,

- guiding the other end region of the rod element slidably through the eccentric housing element or along the eccentric housing element,

- design the other end area of the rod element as a thread,

- screwing a nut onto the thread, the nut forming a fastening element which can be slidably fixed in the other end region in different positions on a rod axis of the rod element, - variably adjusting an available rod length for the compression spring element by adjusting the degree of screwing of the nut onto the thread, and

- limiting a rod length available for the compression spring element so that the preload is eliminated and the contact surface protrudes from the frictionless rail surface when spring tension is present, and

- remove the rail shifting device.

In this way, the moving device can be positioned/positioned or removed on the crane rail without preloading, and the preload can be deactivated by moving/turning the nut in the direction of the towing head.

The steps of the method according to the invention for moving the rail-guided movement system are preferably defined as a cycle, the cycle being repeated until the object has travelled a predetermined travel distance in the direction of travel.

Further features and advantages of the invention become apparent from the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention, from the patent claims and from the drawing figures, which show essential details of the invention. The features shown in the drawing are represented in order to clearly highlight the particularities according to the invention. The various features can be implemented individually or in groups in any combination in variants of the invention. In the figures, the same reference signs designate the same or corresponding elements.

Shown in:

Figure 1 is an external spatial view of the displacement device according to an embodiment of the invention with lever elements not coupled to a drive head of the displacement device for a better representation of a preload element in the form of a compression spring and a rod element for guiding the compression spring,

Figure 2 is an external spatial view of an eccentric receiving element of the displacement device, to which eccentric elements that are spaced from the lever elements are rotatably coupled,

Figure 3a is an external spatial view of the displacement device shown in Figure 1 in the assembled state,

Figure 3b, a cross-sectional view of the displacement device shown in Figure 3a in a top perspective,

Figure 3c, another cross-sectional view of the displacement device shown in Figure 3a in a side perspective,

Figure 3d, another cross-sectional view of the displacement device shown in Figure 3a seen in the direction of displacement of an object coupled to the displacement device,

Figure 4 is an exterior spatial view of a rail-guided movement system with the movement device according to the invention shown in Figure 3a, which is placed on a rail and connected by means of a lifting device to an object that can move along the rail, and

Figure 5 is an external spatial view of the displacement device placed on the rail according to another embodiment of the invention, the preloading element being formed by a compression spring and additionally a tension spring.

Figure 1 shows a three-dimensional external view of the displacement device 1 according to an embodiment of the invention with lever elements 12, 12a not coupled to a drive head 10 of the displacement device 1 for better illustration of a preloading element 20 designed as a compression spring and a rod element 19 for guiding the compression spring. The lever element 12 comprises two lever element plates 12', 12'' parallel to each other and separated from each other by means of bushings 18. At the ends of the lever element plates 12', 12'' there are recesses formed which, like the bushings 18, serve to receive screws. Each screw is assigned two sleeves 18. The recesses and the screws form rotary bearings for rotatably coupling the lever elements 12, 12a to eccentric plates 13, 13a in the X direction and to the drive head 10 in the negative X direction, the axes of rotation being oriented together with the rotary bearings in the Y direction. The sleeves 18 ensure a separation between the lever element plates 12', 12'', so that the lever element 12 is stiffened and the friction with the drive head 10 and the eccentric element 13 is reduced compared to a screwed connection without sleeves 18. The displacement device 1 can also be designed and used without the sleeves 18, especially if the lever element plates 12', 12'' are firmly connected to one another or are made of a single piece. Other connecting means, such as bolts or rivets, can be used instead of screws.

By means of screw 15 and nut 17, one end of the eccentric element 13 is rotatably coupled in the Z direction to the ends of the lever element plates 12', 12" in the X direction and thus to the end of the lever element 12" in the X direction. The eccentric element 13 is rotatably coupled with its end region in the negative Z direction to an eccentric receiving element 11 by means of screw 14 and nut 17. The drive head 10 has at one end in the Z direction a substantially round recess 10b, by means of which the drive head 10 can be rotatably coupled to the end of the lever element 12 in the negative X direction. In the top view, a rod element 19 is firmly connected in the middle to the drag head 10, the longitudinal axis of the rod, also called rod axis, being oriented in the X direction. The displacement device 1 is constructed symmetrically with respect to an X/Y plane in which the rod axis of the rod element 19 lies. The eccentric elements 13, 13a, which are configured as plates, and the lever elements 12, 12a are therefore arranged mirror-image with respect to this plane of symmetry. The eccentric element 13a is rotatably coupled with its end in the Z direction to the eccentric receiving element 11 by means of the screw 14a and rotatably connected/coupled with its other end in the negative Z direction by means of the screw 15a and the nut 17 to the ends of the lever element plates 12a', 12a" in the X direction of a second lever element 12a. The notches in the lever element plates 12a', 12a” and the two bushings 18 for their separation allow the other end of the lever element 12a to be rotatably coupled in the negative X direction to the drive head 10.

The cylindrical rod element 19 serves to accommodate a compression spring also cylindrical in shape as a preloading element 20, in order to generate a repulsive force between the drive head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 with the displacement device 1 in the mounted state when the displacement device 1 is placed on a rail 2 (not shown, see Figures 4, 5 below). The eccentric receiving element 11 has a recess 11b in the negative direction X with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the compression spring. The compression spring, when mounted and positioned on the rail, therefore extends with one of its ends in the X direction through the eccentric receiving element 11 to an abutment surface of a wall element of the eccentric receiving element 11, which is arranged in an end region of the eccentric receiving element 11 in the X direction. The compression spring then bears with its other end in the negative X direction on a wall element of the drive head 10, which is arranged in an end region of the drive head 10 in the X direction, the normal vectors of the contact surfaces of the wall elements of the drive head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 for the compression springs being arranged substantially parallel to one another and oriented relative to one another.

The wall element arranged in the end region of the eccentric receiving element 11 in the X direction has a recess 11c (not shown, see Figure 2) with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the compression spring and larger than a diameter of the rod element 19. A fastening element 21 in the form of a hexagon nut can be screwed into a corresponding thread of the rod element 19 in the X direction, so that it can be rotatably fixed in different positions on the rod axis of the rod element 19 in order to be able to variably adjust the rod length available for the compression spring. In this way, a distance between the drive head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 can be set, so that the displacement device 1 can be placed on and removed from the rail without the eccentric elements 13, 13a coming into frictional contact with the rail. The displacement device 1 can be positioned and removed manually by a single person with the eccentric elements 13, 13a extended by the fixing element 21 against the elastic force of the preloading element 20 configured as a compression spring.

The drive head 10 has a receiving element 10a with two receiving plates 10a1, 10a2 that are substantially parallel to one another and spaced apart in the Z direction for coupling with a first end region of an actuator configured, for example, as a lifting device, wherein the actuator can be coupled with a second end region to an object receiving element of an object to be moved. During operation of the actuator, the object receiving element can then be moved in a displacement direction along the rail 2 in the X direction away from the drive head 10 or towards the drive head 10 in the negative X direction. Each of the receiving plates 10a1, 10a2 has substantially round receiving openings 10a' aligned with a common axis in the Z direction, through which the first end region of the actuator, for example an end piece of a piston or a lifting cylinder, can be guided. The first end region of the actuator can then, i.e. with the actuator coupled to the displacement device, be rotatably coupled to the receiving element 10a and connected to it around the axis in the Z direction in the X/Y plane.

Figure 2 shows an external spatial view of the eccentric receiving element 11 of the displacement device 1, to which the eccentric elements 13, 13a are rotatably coupled by means of the screws 14, 14a and the nuts 17 and from which the lever element plates 12', 12'' of the lever element 12 and the lever element plates 12a', 12a'' of the lever element 12a are separated. Below the lever element plates 12" and 12a", the sleeves 18 are arranged above the eccentric elements 13, 13a such that, in the assembled state of the displacement device 1, one sleeve 18 is in each case located between an upper side of the eccentric element 13 at its end in the Z direction and a lower side of the lever element plate 12" at its end in the X direction and the other sleeve 18 between an upper side of the eccentric element 13a at its end in the negative Z direction and a lower side of the lever element plate 12a" at its end in the X direction. In the assembled state of the displacement device 1, there is also a sleeve 18 between a lower side of the eccentric element 13 at its end in the Z direction and an upper side of the lever element plate 12' at its end in the X direction and another sleeve 18 between a lower side of the eccentric element 13a arranged at its end in the negative Z direction. and an upper side of the lever element plate 12a' at its end in the X direction.

A receiving element 11a of the eccentric receiving element 11 has two receiving element plates, between which the end of the eccentric element 13 is arranged in the negative Z direction. A recess 11a' in each of the receiving element plates of the receiving element 11a serves, together with the screw 14, as a rotary bearing for the end of the eccentric element 13 in the negative Z direction with the recess 13b for receiving the eccentric receiving element. In the Z direction, the eccentric element 13 has a recess 13 for the end region of the lever element 12 oriented in the negative X direction, i.e. of the lever element plates 12', 12" . In this way, in the assembled state, the lever element plates 12', 12" are rotatably coupled by means of screws 15, 16 and nuts 17 and two sleeves 18 per screw with one end of the eccentric element 13 in the Z direction and with the end region of the drive head in the Z direction. Without sleeves, the receiving element plates 11a of the receiving element 11 of the eccentric receiving element 11 are rotatably coupled by means of screw 14 and nut 17 with the end of the lever element 12 in the negative Z direction.

The wall element arranged in the end region of the eccentric receiving element 11 in the X direction has the notch 11c with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the compression spring of the preloading element 20 and larger than the diameter of the rod element 19. The notch 11c is oriented in the X direction to the notch 11b of the eccentric receiving element 11 shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3a shows a spatial exterior view of the displacement device 1 shown in Figure 1 in the assembled state. After assembly/fixing of all parts shown in Figures 1 and 2, the lever element plates 12', 12'' are rotatably coupled to the eccentric element 13 and the drive head 10 by means of screws 15, 16. Due to the mirror-symmetrical shape of the displacement device 1 with respect to the X/Y plane with the rod axis of the rod element 19, the lever element plates 12a', 12a” are rotatably coupled with the eccentric element 13a and the drive head 10 by means of screws 15a, 16a. By means of the screw 14, the eccentric element 13 is rotatably coupled to the housing 11a of the eccentric housing element 11 and by means of the screw 14a, the eccentric element 13a is rotatably coupled to the eccentric housing element 11. The fixing element 21, configured as a screw, is screwed into the thread of the rod element 21, which is aligned in the X direction and can delimit the rod length that is made available to the preloading element 20 configured as a compression spring, so that a preload is not generated that pushes the eccentric housing element 11 away from the drive head (10), which ensures that the contact surfaces of the eccentric elements 13, 13a are pressed/pressed against the rail surfaces of the rail 2 when the displacement device 1 is placed on the rail 2. Thus, the displacement device 1 can be manually placed on the rail 2 and/or removed from the rail 2 by a person. Once the displacement device 1 has been positioned on the rail 2, the fastening element 21 configured as a screw can be screwed in the x-direction. As soon as the fastening means 21 protrudes from the eccentric receiving element 11, a preload is generated which repels the eccentric receiving element 11 from the drive head 10, which is sufficient for the contact surfaces of the eccentric elements 13, 13a to frictionally abut the rail surfaces of the rail 2 when the displacement device 1 is positioned on the rail 2. With the preload generated by the preload element 20 and applied to the rail 2 by the eccentric elements 13, 13a, a temporally and spatially out-of-phase gripping of the displacement device 1 is prevented when the object to be displaced is displaced in the direction of travel in the x-direction.

Figure 3b shows a cross-sectional view of the displacement device shown in Figure 3a in a top view in the negative Y direction. The rotary bearing with screw 14a for the rotary coupling of the eccentric element 13a with the eccentric receiving element 11 is offset relative to the outer edges of the eccentric element 13a in the X direction, so that when the eccentric element 13a rotates around the rotary bearing with screw 14a starting from an axis of rotation, which is configured as the longitudinal axis of the screw 14a, there are different distances from this axis of rotation to a segment of the contact surface 13a' of the eccentric element 13a, the normal vector of which is aligned in the Z direction. When the eccentric element 13a rotates clockwise around the longitudinal axis of the screw 14a, the distances of the segment of the contact surface 13a', the normal vector of which is in the Z direction, are reduced from this axis of rotation to the contact surface 13a', so that when the displacement device 1 is placed on the rail 2, a contact pressure of the contact surface 13a' is reduced. 13a' contact on a rail surface of the rail 2 facing the contact surface 13a'. Due to the mirror-symmetrical position of the eccentric element 13 with respect to the eccentric element 13a, when the eccentric element 13 rotates counterclockwise about a longitudinal axis of the screw 14, the distances from this axis of rotation are reduced with respect to another segment of the contact surface 13' of the eccentric element 13, whose normal vector is oriented in the negative Z direction, so that when the displacement device 1 is placed on the rail 2, a contact pressure of the contact surface 13' on another rail surface of the rail 2 facing the contact surface 13' is reduced. When the eccentric element 13a rotates clockwise about the longitudinal axis of the screw 14a and when the eccentric element 13 rotates counterclockwise about the longitudinal axis of the screw 14, the distance between the drive head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 is reduced and a distance of opposite contact surface segments in the Z direction of the contact surfaces 13', 13a' is extended. The distance between the drive head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 is reduced, as already mentioned, by a displacement of the fastening element 21 in the negative X direction, i.e. by turning the fastening means 21 configured as a screw in the thread of the rod element 19 in the direction of the drive head 10. In this way, the contact surface segments opposite in the Z direction of the contact surfaces 13', 13a' are moved away from each other so that the displacement device can be placed on the rail 2 and removed from the rail.

If a minimum distance between the contact surfaces 13', 13a' relative to each other in the Z direction is reduced when the displacement device 1 is placed on the rail, so that the drive head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 experience a mutually repelling elastic force via the compression spring of the preloading element 20, then the eccentric receiving element 11 generates a repelling preload from the drive head 10, which is sufficient for the contact surfaces 13', 13a' to come into frictional contact with the rail surfaces facing the contact surfaces 13', 13a'. For better adhesion and greater frictional connection with the rail compared to a smooth surface, a serration 13" is provided on the contact surface 13' and a serration 13a" on the contact surface 13a'. The preload between the eccentric elements and the rail can only exist if the compression spring is able to introduce the spring force that moves the drive head 10 away from the eccentric housing element 11 into the drive head 10 and the eccentric housing element 11. For this purpose, the opposite ends of the compression spring rest on surfaces facing each other of the wall elements of the drive head 10 and the eccentric housing element 11 described in connection with Figure 1. The end of the compression spring in the X direction does not rest on the surface facing this end of the wall element of the eccentric housing element 11, so that there is no elastic force moving the drive head 10 away from the eccentric housing element 11, although the fastening means 21 configured as a screw rests on an outer surface facing the fastening means 21 of the eccentric housing element 11. Figure 3b therefore shows the displacement device 1 in the relaxed state of the compression spring, in which it is not supported on the rail. It is possible to dimension the compression spring, i.e. to provide it with a length greater than the length of the compression spring according to Figure 3b, so that the extended compression spring rests on the eccentric mounting element 11, the displacement device 1 being otherwise the same as shown in Figure 3b. Broken circles representing the bushings 18 can be seen around the screws 15, 15a, 16, 16a.

The sectional view shows that the part of the compression spring between the drive head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 is more pronounced than the part of the compression spring which is arranged within the eccentric receiving element 11. This is a one-piece, relaxed compression spring. If it is assumed that the partially parallel dashed lines next to the compression spring do not represent a cross-sectional contour of the eccentric receiving element 11 below, i.e. in the negative Z direction, the contours visible in the plan view, but rather a distance between the rail surfaces of the rail that are spaced apart and facing each other, then when the displacement device 1 is placed on the rail, the opposite ends of the compression spring would rest on the surfaces facing each other of the wall elements of the drive head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11. The preload existing in this case between the contact surfaces 13', 13a' and the rail could be eliminated if the fastening element 21 were moved/screwed further in the direction of the drive head 10 by approximately half the length of the screw in the X direction, as shown in Figure 3b.

Figures 3c and 3d show further cross-sectional views of the displacement device 1 shown in Figure 3a, Figure 3c being a side view in the negative Z direction and Figure 3d a view in the displacement direction, i.e. the X direction, of the object coupled to the displacement device 1. The toothing 13'' extends along a length in the X direction, which corresponds approximately to half of the expansion of the eccentric housing element 11 in said direction. In the Y direction, the toothing 13” extends along the entire height of the eccentric element 13. In the Z direction, each of the toothings 13'', 13a'' extends along a length corresponding approximately to the diameter of each of the screws 15, 16, 15a, 16a. The sleeves 18 each have a crown and a neck and, in the assembled state of the displacement device 1, they face each other with the necks facing each other. The receiving plates 10a1, 10a2 extend in the x-direction essentially over the entire length of the driving head 10 in order to ensure a uniform force input at low pressure by the actuator over the entire length of the driving head 10. The mirror-symmetrical arrangement of the lever elements 12, 12a and the eccentric elements 13, 13a results in a symmetrical force input of the eccentric elements 13, 13a into the rail due to the preload, a compact design with a long spring stroke being achieved thanks to the arrangement of the compression spring partially guided via the eccentric receiving element. The use of the same parts for the lever element plates 12', 12”, 12a', 12a”, the screws 15, 16, 15a, 16a, the bushings 18, the screws 14, 14a and the eccentric elements 13, 13a, not only reduces the manufacturing costs of the displacement device 1, but also its storage costs.

Figure 4 shows an external spatial view of a rail-guided displacement system with the displacement device 1 according to the invention shown in Figure 3a, which is placed on a rail 2. The displacement device I is connected via an actuator 5 in the form of a lifting device to an object 3 which can be displaced along the rail 2 in a displacement direction V. The lifting device has a lifting piston 8 and a lifting cylinder 9, a first end region 6 of the actuator 5 in the form of one end of the lifting piston 8 being coupled to the receiving element 10a (see Figure 1) of the drive head 10 in a rotatable manner, for example by a positive fit. A second end region 7 of the actuator 5 is rotatably coupled, for example by a positive fit, to an object receiving element 3a of the object 3, which is connected to a lower end of a frame of the object 3, for example by welding or forming as part of the frame. The frame of the object 3 is mounted on high-performance wheels or flanged wheels 4, which are engaged with the rail 2 to guide the object, for example a tunnel formwork carriage or other heavy construction, in or against the direction of travel V. Each of the wheels 4 comprised by the object 3 may feature an underrun protection 4a.

The displacement device 1 is arranged between the wheels 4 on the rail 2 so that when the lifting piston 8 is fully extended or fully retracted, the displacement device 1, in particular the end of the rod element 19 in the X direction and the end of the drag head in the negative X direction does not touch any of the wheels 4, i.e. does not collide with the object during operation of the actuator. When positioned on rail 2, the preloading element 20 in the form of a compression spring resting on the drive head 10 and the eccentric housing element 11 generates the preload repelling the eccentric housing element I I of the drive head 10, which is sufficient for the contact surface 13', 13a' (see Figure 3b) to rest frictionally on a rail surface 2' of rail 2. A distance between the rail surfaces 2' remote from and opposite each other in the Z direction causes the distance between the drive head 10 and the eccentric housing element 11 to be reduced compared to the relaxed state of the compression spring shown in Figures 3a, 3b and 3c and at both ends the compression spring rests under pressure on mutually facing outer surfaces of the drive head 10 and the eccentric housing element 11.

The fixing element 21 is arranged at a distance from the eccentric housing element 11 and does not affect the preload acting from the contact surfaces 13', 13a' on the rail surfaces 2' facing them.

The preloading element 20 in the form of a compression spring generates the preload such that the contact surfaces 13', 13a' bear against the rail surfaces 2' by friction when, during operation of the actuator 5, the drive head 10 exerts a first actuator force A1 away from the eccentric housing element 11 as the lifting piston 8 extends, and the contact surfaces 13', 13a' bear against the rail surfaces 2' in a sliding manner by friction when, during operation of the actuator 5, the drive head (10) experiences a second actuator force A2 towards the eccentric housing element 11 as the lifting piston 8 retracts. This results in a caterpillar-like displacement movement, in which when the lifting piston 8 is extended, the displacement device 1 is supported stationary on the rail 2 by friction and the object 3 is displaced in the displacement direction V. Subsequently, when the lifting piston 8 is retracted, a dragging movement of the displacement device 1 occurs in the displacement direction V, in which the displacement device 1 is supported stationary on the rail 2 and the displacement device I is supported against the rail 2 by sliding friction.

It is also possible to use the displacement device 1 in such a way that the object 3 cannot be moved during operation of the actuator 5 when the displacement device 1 is stationary, but that the rail 2 can be moved when the object 3 is stationary, for example when it is fixed to a crane or a portal such as a bridge. To do this, the entire displacement device 1 can be rotated by 180 degrees about the Y axis, i.e. the eccentric mounting element I I is not arranged to the right of the drive head 10 in the X direction, as shown in Figure 4, but to the left of it in the negative X direction. When the lifting piston 8 is extended, when the object 3 is stationary, the displacement device 1 is pushed away from the object 3 on the rail 2, and when the lifting piston 8 is retracted, when the object is stationary, the rail 2 is pushed and displaced away from the object 3 by the displacement device 1, which is supported by friction on it. The arrangement shown in Figure 4 would also allow rail 2 to be moved with object 3 attached stationarily.

Figure 5 shows a spatial exterior view of the displacement device 1 placed on the rail 2 according to another embodiment of the invention, the preloading element 20 being provided by the compression spring as shown in Figure 4, and additionally by a tension spring, which is arranged between the fixing element 20 and the eccentric receiving element 11. The preloading element 20 is therefore configured in two parts with a compression spring and a tension spring, both the compression spring and the tension spring being guided by the rod element 19. The advantage of this embodiment is a high level of reliability, since one spring can at least partially generate the preload if the other spring fails during operation. The function of the screw-shaped fixing element 21 screwed into a thread of the rod element 19 to reduce the distance between the drive head 10 and the eccentric receiving element 11 remains unrestricted. The first end region 6 of the actuator 5 in the form of the lifting piston 8 is designed as a cylinder with a cylindrical axis in the Z direction, wherein cylindrical recesses through the cylinder are arranged in opposite end regions of the cylinder, through which a locking pin can be inserted to prevent the first end region 6 of the actuator 5 from sliding out of the receiving element 10a (see FIG. 1) of the drive head 10 in the Z direction or in the negative Z direction during operation of the actuator 5. With the exception of the tension spring additionally arranged between the fastening element 20 and the eccentric receiving element 11, the displacement system shown in FIG. 5 corresponds to the displacement system according to FIG. 4.

List of reference signs

1 Walking mechanism

2 Lane

2' Lane surface

3 Object

3a Object hosting element

4 Wheel

4a Underrun protection

5 Actuator

6 First extreme zone of actuator

7 Second extreme zone of actuator

8 Lifting piston

9 Lifting cylinder

10 Drag head

10a Drag head housing element

10a1, 10a2 Housing plate

10a' Notch in housing plate

10b Recess for an end area of the lever element

11 Eccentric housing element

11a Housing of the eccentric housing element

11a' Notch for eccentric element

11b, 11c Notch for rod element

12, 12a Lever element

12', 12”, 12a', 12a” Lever Element Plate

13, 13a Eccentric element

13', 13a' Eccentric element contact surface

13”, 13a” Serrated

13b Notch for housing the eccentric housing element

13c Notch for another end zone of the lever element

14, 15, 16, 14a, 15a, 16a Screw

17 Nut

18 Cap

19 Rod Element

20 Preload Element

21 Fixing element

A1 First actuator force

A2 Second actuator force

V Direction of travel

Claims (17)

1. A displacement device (1) for displacing an object (3) guided by at least one rail (2) and movable along the rail (2) in a displacement direction (V) and which can be used in particular as formwork, scaffolding, protective wall and/or work platform, comprising: a drive head (10), which can be positioned on the rail (2) and comprises a receiving element (10a) for engaging a first end region (6) of an actuator (5), the actuator (5) being coupleable with a second end region (7) to an object receiving element (3a) of the object (3) such that, during operation of the actuator (5), the object receiving element (3a) can be moved away from the drive head (10) or towards the drive head (10) in a direction along the rail (2), an eccentric receiving element (11) which can be positioned on the rail (2) and which is movably connected to the drive head (10) via at least one lever element (12, 12a) rotatably connected to the drive head (10) and at least one eccentric element (13, 13a) rotatably connected to each of the elements (12, 12a) 1. A method for disengaging the eccentric element (13, 13a) from the eccentric housing element (11), comprising: a lever and the eccentric housing element (11), an eccentric axis located perpendicular to the direction (V) of travel, a rotary bearing, through which the eccentric element (13, 13a) and the eccentric housing element (11) are rotatably connected, being arranged with respect to the eccentric element (13, 13a) and the eccentric housing element (11) such that a contact surface (13', 13a'), facing the rail (2), of the eccentric element (13, 13a) can be placed in friction fit on a rail surface (2') of the rail (2) starting from a minimum distance from the eccentric housing element (11) of the drive head (10), and at least one preloading element (20), coupled to the drive head (10) and the eccentric housing element (11) and configured to generate a preload that repels the eccentric housing element (11) of the drive head (10) and which is sufficient for the contact surface (13', 13a') to be frictionally abutted on the rail surface (2') when the displacement device (1) is placed on the rail (2), the preloading element (20) being configured as a compression spring element or a torsion spring element which is arranged in or on the displacement device (1) so that one end of the spring element thereof is positioned against one side of the drive head (10) and the other end of the spring element is positioned against one side of the eccentric receiving element (11) when the displacement device (1) is placed on the rail (2), characterized by a rod element (19) for receiving the compression spring element (20), one end region of which is fixed to the drive head (10) or to the eccentric housing element (11) such that when one end region of the rod element (19) is fixed to the drive head (10), the other end region thereof is movably guided through the eccentric housing element (11) or along the eccentric housing element (11) and when one end region of the rod element (19) is fixed to the eccentric housing element (11), its other end region is movably guided through the drive head (10) or along the drive head (10), a fixing element (21) being fixable to the other end region which can be fixed in at least one position to a rod axis of the rod element (19) such that by limiting a rod length available for the compression spring element (20), the force of the compression spring element (20) is eliminated. preload when the contact surface (13', 13a') is kept separate from the frictionless rail surface (2'). 2. Displacement device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the preloading element (20) is configured to generate the preload such that the contact surface (13', 13a') is arranged against the rail surface (2') by friction when, during operation of the actuator (5), the drive head (10) experiences a first force (A1) of the actuator away from the eccentric housing element (11), and the contact surface (13', 13a') is arranged against the rail surface (2') by sliding friction when, during operation of the actuator (5), the drive head (10) experiences a second force (A2) of the actuator towards the eccentric housing element (11). 3. Displacement device (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a fixing element (21) can be fixed in the other end region, which can be fixed movably in different positions on the rod axis of the rod element (19), so that the rod length available for the compression spring element (20) can be variably adjusted. 4. Displacement device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, in addition to or instead of the compression spring element, the rod element (19) receives a tension spring element and is arranged between mutually facing sides of the eccentric receiving element (11) and the fixing element (21). 5. Displacement device (1) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the other end region of the rod element (19) has a thread and the fixing element (21) is configured as a nut. 6. Displacement device (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the preloading element (20) is designed as a releasable preloading lifting device, one end of which is arranged on one side of the drive head (10) and the other end is arranged on one side of the eccentric receiving element (11), the preloading lifting device being designed as a passive element in the form of a shock absorber, or as an active element in the form of a preloading lifting cylinder with adjustable stroke length. 7. A moving device (1) according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein, when the moving device (1) is placed on the rail (2), a longitudinal axis of the preloading element (20) in the form of the compression spring element, the tension spring element, the shock absorber or the preloading lifting cylinder is oriented parallel to the direction (V) of travel of the object (3), i.e. to a longitudinal axis of the rail (2). 8. Displacement device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one torsion spring component is provided as a preloading element (20) and is provided in one of the pivot bearings for the rotatable connection between the drive head (10) and lever element (12, 12a), the lever element (12, 12a) and the eccentric element (13, 13a), and the eccentric element (13, 13a) and the eccentric receiving element (11). 9. Displacement device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the contact surface (13', 13a') of the eccentric element (13, 13a) has a toothing (13”, 13a”) or roughness. 10. Displacement device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the eccentric receiving element (11) is slidably connected to the drive head (10) via a second lever element (12a, 12) rotatably connected to the drive head (10) and a second eccentric element (13a, 13) is rotatably connected to each of the second lever element (12a, 12) and the eccentric receiving element (11), the lever element (12, 12a) and the second lever element (12a, 12) as well as the eccentric element (13, 13a) and the second eccentric element (13a, 13) being arranged symmetrically with respect to the rail (2) when the displacement device (1) is placed on the rail (2). 11. Rail-guided movement system with a movement device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, at least one rail (2), the object (3) movable along the rail (2) in the movement direction (V), and the actuator (5), the second end region of which is coupled to the object (3), the actuator (5) being designed as a lifting device, in particular as a lifting cylinder. 12. Rail-guided movement system according to claim 11, wherein the first and second end zones of the lifting device are rotatably connected to each of the housing element (10a) of the drive head (10) and the object (3), the axes of the rotary bearing being oriented substantially parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to the movement direction (V) to connect the first end zone to the housing element (10a) and the second end zone to the object (3). 13. Rail-guided movement system according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the object (3) is designed as a heavy load, in particular in the form of a formwork carriage or scaffolding unit, and is arranged in a displaceable manner on at least two rails (2) that are substantially parallel to one another by means of high-performance wheels (4, 4a) or flanged wheels. 14. Method for moving an object (3) guided by at least one rail (2) and movable along the rail (2) in a direction (V) of movement and which can be used in particular as formwork, scaffolding, protective wall and/or work platform, comprising the following steps: providing at least one rail (2) such that a load of the object (3) can be distributed over the rail (2), placing the displacement device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 on the rail (2) such that a displacement of the object (3) in the displacement direction (V) is possible when the displacement device (1) is placed on the rail (2), coupling the first end region of the actuator (5) to the receiving element (10a) of the drive head (10) and the second end region of the actuator (5) to the object receiving element (3a) of the object (3), the actuator (5) being configured such that the actuator (5) can move the object receiving element (3a) away from the drive head (10) or towards the drive head (10) in a direction along the rail (2), actuating the actuator (5) such that the drive head (10) experiences a first actuator force (A1) away from the eccentric housing element (11), the preload repelling the eccentric housing element (11) from the drive head (10) being generated by at least one preload element (20) coupled to the drive head (10) and the eccentric housing element (11) such that the contact surface (13', 13a') of the eccentric element (13, 13a) is frictionally positioned against the rail surface (2'), such that the object (3) moves away from the displacement device (1) in the displacement direction (V), and actuating the actuator (5) such that the drive head (10) experiences a second actuator force (A2) towards the eccentric receiving element (11), the preload repelling the eccentric receiving element (11) of the drive head (10) being generated by the preloading element (20) such that the contact surface (13', 13a') of the eccentric element (13, 13a) bears against the rail surface (2') by sliding friction such that the displacement device (1) is driven in the displacement direction (V) by the actuator (5), configuring the preloading element (20) as a compression spring element or a torsion spring element which is arranged in or on the shifting device (1) such that one end of the spring element thereof is placed against one side of the drive head (10) and the other end of the spring element thereof is placed on one side of the eccentric housing element (11) when the shifting device (1) is placed on the rail (2), providing a rod element (19) for receiving the compression spring element, one end region thereof being fixed to the drive head (10) or to the eccentric housing element (11), when one end region of the rod element (19) is fixed to the drive head (10), guiding the other end region of the rod element (19) slidably through the eccentric housing element (11) or along the eccentric housing element (11), when one end region of the rod element (19) is fixed to the eccentric housing element (11), guiding the other end region of the rod element (19) slidably through the drive head (10) or along the eccentric housing element (11), and fixing a fixing element (21), fixable in at least one position on a rod axis of the rod element (19), to the other end zone such that, by limiting a rod length available for the compression spring element (20), the preload is cancelled when the contact surface (13', 13a') is kept separated from the frictionless rail surface (2'). 15. Method according to claim 14, wherein the drive head (10) experiences the first actuator force (A1) away from the eccentric housing element (11), as a result of actuation of the actuator (5), such that the object housing element (3a) is displaced away from the drive head (10) in a direction along the rail (2), and the drive head (10) experiences the second actuator force (A2) towards the eccentric housing element (11), as a result of actuation of the actuator (5), such that the object housing element (3a) is displaced towards the drive head (10) in a direction along the rail (2), or the drive head (10) experiences the first actuator force (A1) away from the eccentric housing element (11), as a result of actuation of the actuator (5), such that the object housing element (3a) is displaced towards the drive head (10) in a direction along the rail (2), and The drag head (10) experiences the second force (A2) of the actuator towards the eccentric receiving element (11), as a result of the actuation of the actuator (5), so that the object receiving element (3a) moves away from the drag head (10) in a direction along the rail (2). 16. Method according to claim 14 or claim 15, comprising the additional steps of: configure the preload element (20) as a compression spring element, guiding the other end region of the rod element (19) in a movable manner through the eccentric housing element (11) or along the eccentric housing element (11), configure the other end area of the rod element (19) as a thread, screwing a nut onto the thread, the nut forming a fastening element (21) which can be movably fixed in the other end region in different positions on a rod axis of the rod element (19), variably setting an available rod length for the compression spring element by adjusting the degree of screwing of the nut onto the thread, limiting a rod length available for the compression spring element such that the preload is eliminated and the contact surface (13', 13a') is kept separated from the frictionless rail surface (2') when elastic tension exists, and remove the device (1) from the rail (2). 17. Method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the steps of the method according to claim 14 are defined as a cycle and the cycle is traversed a sufficient number of times until the object (3) has traveled a predetermined travel distance in the travel direction (V).