ES2987991T3 - Multilayer wall element for constructing plasterboard as well as plasterboard comprising the wall element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-layer wall element for plasterboard construction (2) comprising an insulating layer (3) with two flat sides (5a; 5b) of thermal or acoustic insulating material having a large surface area with respect to the front sides (6), wherein a support layer (5) is placed with an inner flat side (5a; 5b) of the support layer (5) against each flat side (5a; 5b) of the insulating layer (3), wherein a cover layer (7) is placed against each outer flat side (5a; 5b) of the support layer (5), and wherein the support layer (5) is, along at least two directions (R1, R2) which are oriented parallel to a plane (E) of the support layer (5) and perpendicular to the confining edges (8) of the support layer, offset relative to the cover layer (7) by a respective offset amount (V1/V1'; V2/V2,), where the support layer (5) forms a tongue (10) at least along a first confinement edge (8) and along at least one opposite second confinement edge (8) a groove (11) together with the insulating layer (3) and the cover layer (7). (Automatic translation with Google Translate, without legal value)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Multilayer wall element for constructing plasterboard as well as plasterboard comprising the wall element

The invention relates to a multi-layer wall element for constructing plasterboard panels, as well as to a plasterboard panel comprising at least one wall element.

WO 94/26992 discloses a connection structure for sandwich panels. The sandwich panels have a mineral wool core provided with cladding-like layers on both flat sides. On the front side, the mineral wool core has been given a tongue and groove structure, so that two such panels can be adhered to each other in the form of a tongue and groove joint. The dimensions of the tongue and groove joint are chosen such that when two such panels are adhered to each other, a local compression of the mineral wool core on the front side takes place.

DE 20 2009 001 212 U1 discloses a thermal insulation board, in particular a rectangular, walkable thermal insulation board, which is made up of three boards. A core board is made of a polystyrene hard foam board. A bottom side board is also made of a polystyrene hard foam board. A cover board is made of a cover board which is thinner in relation to the other boards and which is, in particular, mineral-bonded. The boards are arranged offset from one another so that a groove is formed on two sides and a tongue is formed on two sides. DE 20 2004 010 695 U1 discloses a vacuum insulation board which can be connected to other vacuum insulation boards according to the tongue and groove principle. An evacuated interior serves as insulation between two cover layers. The cover layers are interconnected by means of a frame and are kept separate from one another. Gaps produced between the covering layers when a plurality of such panels are adhered together can be bridged by means of insert pieces.

Document US 2011/0203193 A1 discloses a multilayer wall element according to the preamble of claim 1.

An object of the invention is to provide an easy-to-handle wall element for constructing plasterboard panels which has increased stability and good thermal and/or acoustic insulation properties.

In addition, when constructing such a plasterboard from wall elements according to the invention, it is intended that it is possible to fasten at least two wall elements in advance with little effort. Furthermore, it is intended that an outer side of a plasterboard to be constructed can be worked with customary tools/materials to achieve its surface finish (finished surface quality).

Furthermore, in a particular embodiment, the multilayer wall element must be able to provide predefined supply channels.

Furthermore, it is intended that it will be possible to construct plasterboard panels with the multi-layer wall element according to the invention without additional connecting elements other than screws.

In addition, the multi-layer wall element according to the invention is intended to be easy and simple to process, especially in the field of do-it-yourself work.

Additionally, a drywall panel that can be constructed easily and economically should be indicated.

The above objects relating to the wall element are solved by a multi-layer wall element for constructing plasterboard panels with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are indicated in the dependent claims.

The above objects related to gypsum board are solved with a gypsum board with the characteristics of claim 18.

A multi-layer wall element for constructing drywall comprises: an insulating sheet with two flat sides of thermally or acoustically insulating material having a large surface area relative to front sides, wherein a support layer is placed with an inner flat side of the support layer against each flat side of the insulating sheet, wherein a cover layer is placed against each outer flat side of the support layer, wherein the support layers are offset, along at least two directions R1, R2 which are oriented parallel to a plane E of the support layer and perpendicular to confining edges of the support layer, relative to the cover layer by at least a first or second offset amount V-i/Vr offset amount V<1>; V<2>, at least one of the first or second offset amounts V-i/Vr; V<2>/V<2>greater than zero, wherein the support layers form a tab at least along a first confinement edge, while along at least one opposite second confinement edge the support layers form a groove together with the insulating sheet and the cover layer.

With such a multi-layer wall element according to the invention it is possible to easily implement a stable plasterboard which can be quickly constructed by adhering a plurality of multi-layer wall elements to each other according to the tongue and groove principle.

In addition, wall elements, which in themselves already form a part of a fully finished drywall, can be processed without additional connecting elements. The cumbersome construction of a post-and-beam structure that is then finished to form a drywall can be omitted by sheathing it with plasterboard and filling the cavity with insulation materials.

In addition, it is possible to provide such prefabricated multi-layer wall elements in practically manageable sizes, which are also good for handling and use in narrow, difficult-to-access sections of construction sites.

With the multi-layer wall element according to the invention it is therefore possible to provide a simple possibility of constructing drywall without complex preliminary work, which can be implemented especially in the field of do-it-yourselfers with little technical knowledge.

It is particularly preferred that the first displacement amount Vi/Vr and the second displacement amount V<2>/V<2>’ be greater than zero, so that at least two tabs and at least two slots are formed.

With the first and second offset amounts V-i/Vr and V<2>/V<2>’ being greater than zero, at two respective opposite confining edges of a multi-layer wall element, for example a groove and a tongue are formed in each. In this way, such wall elements can be adhered to each other in a simple manner. For the beginning of a plasterboard, i.e. for the lowest row of multi-layer wall elements and/or for the elements adjoining an existing wall for constructing a plasterboard, it may be useful not to provide such an offset at least on one side, so that close to the floor a confining edge of the plasterboard can be established where both the cover layers and the support layers and the insulating layer are aligned with each other.

Alternatively, a multi-layer wall element comprising first and second displacement amounts Vi/Vr and V<2>/V<2>’ in both directions can naturally also be easily reworked by cutting out the corresponding regions to form a wall element that is aligned on one side.

In a particular embodiment, the first displacement amount Vi/Vr is greater than the second displacement amount V<2>/V<2>'.

In an embodiment where one of the offset amounts is greater than the other offset amount, tabs of different lengths will result (a larger offset amount results in a longer tab than a smaller offset amount). Correspondingly, the slots opposite the corresponding tabs will also be of different depths.

If the first displacement amount Vi/Vr, i.e. the displacement amount defined as a vertical displacement amount in the scope of this application, is greater than the horizontal displacement amount, it can be achieved, for example, that a deeper sliding installation and a wider overlap of two stacked wall elements along their horizontal joint can be achieved. Such an enlarged or increased sliding installation depth along the horizontal confinement edges causes only a small additional effort for the plasterboard constructor, since the weight of a wall element supports the coupling in the vertical direction. In contrast, in the direction of vertical joints there is no weight support, so that a smaller sliding installation depth may be advantageous there in order to keep the corresponding coupling forces low.

The first displacement amount Vi/Vr can also be smaller than the second displacement amount V<2>/V<2>.

If the first displacement amount Vi/Vr is chosen to be less than the second displacement amount V<2>/V<2>, i.e. the vertical displacement amount less than the horizontal displacement amount, it is possible to construct gypsum panels that are particularly resistant to bulging in the horizontal direction from multi-layer wall elements modified in this way.

In a preferred embodiment, the first displacement amount Vi/Vr is equal to the second displacement amount V2/V2.

If the horizontal and vertical offset amounts (first and second) are chosen to be equal, the sliding installation depth, for example in the case of a square or rectangular multi-layer wall element, especially with a square element, is circumferentially equal, so that it is not necessary to necessarily observe the orientation of the wall elements in relation to each other. In the case of a rectangular wall element it may be expedient, for example, to raise one of the wall elements at the edge, while other wall elements are arranged with the wide side downwards. Since all offset amounts are equal, the sliding installation depths are equal everywhere. In a further preferred embodiment, the insulating film, the carrier layer and the cover layer are square or rectangular in the viewing direction on flat sides of the films/layers.

With such a cutting geometry of the individual sheets/layers, it is possible to implement multi-layer wall elements, which are particularly easy to handle and process.

Additionally, it may be advantageous if at least the support layer and the cover layer are of equal size in a plan view on the flat sides thereof.

With such a design, when a plurality of multi-layer wall elements are bonded together, it is possible to avoid joints both between the corresponding converging support layers and between the converging cover layers.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the surface area of the insulating film is, in the view from above on the flat side thereof, of equal or slightly larger size than that of the support layer, i.e. with oversizing. Thus, a form-fitting of the insulating film is achieved when adjacent insulating films are glued together, so that acoustic bridges due to the lack of contact of the insulating films are avoided. The oversizing has to be chosen such that, depending on the bulk density and/or elasticity of the insulating film, a form-fitting of the support layer is achieved. Depending on the adhesive chosen, the adhesive can form a bridge in a small gap of 1-2 mm. An oversizing of at most 5 mm is preferred, preferably at most 3 mm.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the support layer is formed as a fiber-reinforced board, in particular as a gypsum fiber board.

As a support layer, a fibre-reinforced board, especially a support layer formed in particular as fibreboard and gypsum board, has proven to be particularly valuable. A fibre-reinforced board of this type provides sufficiently high bulging resistance and expansion capacity. In addition, a board of this type can provide sufficient mechanical strength for stapled and screwed connections or for screwed connections before assembly, which will be explained further below.

Preferably, the cover layer is designed as a plasterboard laminated with paper or cardboard.

With such a paper-laminated plasterboard or cardboard, which is also known in the trade as plasterboard, it is possible to achieve, in a simple manner, an appearance which is customary with regard to the surface finish and comparable with a conventionally constructed plasterboard faced with plasterboard. In a further advantageous embodiment, the insulating foil is formed from a fibre material, in particular a mineral fibre material or a glass fibre material, and as a board-shaped insulating foil comprising, in an unprocessed, uninstalled state, a bulk density of 50 kg/m3 or more, in particular 60 kg/m3 and more.

In this particular embodiment it was found that the insulating sheet itself does not simply function as an insulating sheet, but a mechanical strength layer can also be provided that is sufficiently resistant to pressure and/or tension, especially in the thickness direction.

With the above-mentioned bulk density of at least 50 kg/m3 of the insulation film, it is possible to dispense with additional stiffening elements in the thickness direction of the plasterboard to be constructed, so that a plasterboard can dispense with additional connecting elements with the exception of suitable connecting chemicals, as explained further below, e.g. glue. Alternatively, hard foam insulation materials based on expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), polyurethane (PUR) or polyisocyanurate (PIR) can also be used as insulation film materials.

In a particular embodiment, the insulating sheet is glued to the support layers over the entire surface area or partially.

In order to maintain the above-mentioned tensile strength in the thickness direction, the insulation film is glued to the supporting layers, for example, over the entire surface area or over part of the surface area. This can contribute in particular to the fact that the multi-layer wall element can be provided as a single, manageable component.

The cover layers are preferably bonded to the support layers over the entire surface area or in part. Bonding the cover layers to the support layers over the entire surface area or over part of the surface area or in a specific area may be particularly advisable in order to obtain an overall compact wall element.

Alternatively, the cover layers can be mechanically connected to the support layers. Clamping is particularly preferred in this case.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, end faces of the support layer come into contact with each other and bear against each other in the bonded state of two multi-layer wall elements.

In this preferred embodiment, the cutting geometry is chosen such that the support layers absorb and withstand the upsetting forces generated by a substantial part, in particular in the vertical direction. With such a measure it may also be possible to use, for example, chemical binders between the corresponding support layers for additional stiffening of a plasterboard to be constructed.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, front sides of adjacent cover layers form a gap between them in the bonded state of two wall elements.

This measure makes it possible to produce a defined joint image on the visible outer side of a plasterboard made of multi-layer wall elements according to the invention, which can be further refined and finished in a known manner with fillers and/or their appropriate processing tools, i.e. with known technologies and materials. More filler must actually be applied to defined joints, but this can promote greater joint stability and thus ensure a longer lasting optical overall impression on the outer side.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the front sides of the insulating sheets come into contact with each other in the bonded state of two wall elements.

If the front sides of the insulating films come into contact with each other in the bonded state, it is advantageous that no acoustic bridges in the form of gaps form between the insulating films.

In a further preferred embodiment, the multi-layer wall element is adapted with respect to its cut such that an individual element preferably weighs less than 25 kg, in particular preferably less than 20 kg.

With such a measure it is possible to provide, particularly in the field of DIY, individual multi-layer wall elements that are easy to handle and can be transported and positioned well without the need for complex lifting equipment.

Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the backing layer and/or the insulating film have slot-shaped channels for accommodating supply lines, for example electrical supply lines and/or water/heating supply lines.

With such channels it is possible to facilitate a subsequent installation of supply lines in a plasterboard constructed with wall elements according to the invention.

The invention will now be explained in detail by way of example using the drawings. They show:

Figure 1: schematically represents a perspective view of a multilayer wall element according to the invention in a first embodiment;

Figure 2: schematically represents a cross section through a portion of plasterboard composed of two multilayer wall elements according to the invention;

Figure 3: schematically represents a plasterboard panel partially constructed of two multi-layer wall elements according to the invention, in accordance with Figure 1.

A multi-layer wall element 1 according to the invention (Figure 1) is used to construct a plasterboard 2 (see Figure 2). The construction of the wall element 1 according to the invention will be explained in detail below with reference to Figure 1.

The wall element 1 according to the invention is formed in the embodiment according to Figure 1 with multiple layers, in particular with 5 layers, and comprises a central insulating film 3. A respective support layer 5 is positioned against flat sides 4 of the insulating film 3, wherein an inner flat side 5a of the support layer 5 faces the flat side 4 of the insulating film 3.

In general, flat sides are understood to be the main sides of the board-shaped elements, the surface area of which is clearly larger in relation to the front sides of the board-shaped elements.

The respective cover layers 7 are placed against a flat outer side 5b of the support layers 5. In figure 1, simply one of the cover layers 7 is illustrated. The other is hidden due to the perspective illustration.

The support layer 5 and/or the support layers 5 are offset in at least two directions R1, R2. The directions R1 and R2 run parallel to or with an offset parallel to an imaginary plane E of the support layer 5 which in turn runs towards one of the inner flat side 5a or the outer flat side 5b.

Furthermore, the directions R1 and R2 are defined to run perpendicular to the confinement edges 8. This results in a first displacement amount V<1> along the direction R1 and a second displacement amount V<2> along the direction R2, whereby the support layer 5 is displaced relative to the cover layer 7. In the present example, there is a first displacement amount V-i/Vr equal in amount and a second displacement amount V<2>/V<2> equal in amount between the support layer 5 and the insulating film 3. Due to such an arrangement, the support layer 5 forms, together with the remaining layers (insulating film 3 and cover layer 7), a tab 10 at the respective confinement edges 8 illustrated in Fig. 1, since it protrudes along the confinement edges 8 through the insulating film 3 and the cover layer 7. At the respective confinement edges (not illustrated in Fig. 1) opposite the illustrated confinement edges 8, the support layer 5, the surface area of which has at least approximately the same extent, in particular the same, as the remaining layers (insulating film 3 and cover layer 7), is recessed by the respective first and second offset amounts V<1>, Vr, V<2>, V<2> relative to the other films (insulating film 3 and cover layer 7), so that grooves 11 are formed there (see Fig. 2) into which the tabs 10 of another wall element 1 can adhere.

The first displacement amount V<1> and the second displacement amount V<2> and correspondingly the first and second displacement amounts V<1> and V<2>' are preferably greater than zero, so that at least two tabs 10 and at least two grooves 11 are formed per multilayer wall element 1.

The first displacement amount V<1> may be larger, depending on the amount, than the second displacement amount V<2> (the same applies to the corresponding first and second displacement amounts Vr, V<2>). The first displacement amounts V<1>, Vr mentioned above may also be smaller than the second displacement amounts V<2> and V<2>. Likewise, they may be equal.

Due to the differently high displacement amounts, it is possible to achieve different insertion depths in the coupling directions in a vertical and/or horizontal coupling direction between two wall elements 1. For example, by a higher first displacement amount V-i/Vr in the vertical coupling direction of the gypsum board 2 to be constructed, a deeper sliding fitting of the tabs 10 in the corresponding grooves 11 can be achieved without deterioration of the construction of the gypsum board 2, since in the vertical direction the weight of an upper wall element 1 in relation to a lower wall element 1 facilitates their vertical mutual coupling. In the horizontal direction, this may possibly be more difficult under construction site conditions, so that a smaller second vertical displacement amount V<2>, V<2> in the horizontal direction in relation to the first displacement amounts V<1>, Vr (vertical direction) could be useful. In the horizontal coupling direction, there is no supporting gravity, so in this coupling direction a lesser sliding mount can possibly facilitate mounting during the construction of a 2 gypsum board.

In particular, in the case of equal displacements Vr = V<2>' and V<1>= V<2>and a square board cut of the different layers (insulation sheet 3, support layer 5 and cover layer 7), a predetermined orientation of the boards is irrelevant, so that the positioning effort of a wall element during the construction of a plasterboard 2 is avoided. The coupling wall elements can always be adhered one on top of the other or one inside the other.

A smaller first amount of displacement V-i/Vr in the vertical direction compared to the second amount of displacement V<2>and/or V<2>horizontally may be useful, for example, in the case of a plurality of wall elements 1 coupled in advance in the horizontal direction, so that a smaller sliding mounting depth in the vertical direction facilitates the placement of a “wall element row” of a plurality of wall elements 1 coupled in advance in the horizontal direction.

In a viewing direction on flat sides of the sheets/layers 3; 5; 7, these preferably have a rectangular or square design. Theoretically, any other external cuts can also be imagined which can be coupled with full-face walls without gaps. Hexagonal edge cuts can also be imagined, for example, while square or rectangular elements should probably be the best to handle in practice.

If a plurality of wall elements 1 are stacked as desired (see Figure 2), the dimensions of the individual layers 5, 7 and sheets (insulating sheet 3) are coordinated so that the support layers 5 of two adjacent wall elements 1 come into contact with each other both in the horizontal and vertical directions, whereby a material bonding connection, especially a glue 12, is preferably provided to construct a plasterboard panel 2.

In both the horizontal and vertical directions it may be expedient to provide a gap 13 between the cover layers 7 of adjacent wall elements 1, so that the dimensions of the cover layers 7 are expediently chosen somewhat smaller to achieve this goal than the extension in terms of surface area of the support layers 5. The gap 13 may be expedient so that, for example, during the joining of the plasterboard 2, it is somewhat easier to achieve the desired finished surface quality with a gap and/or that the joining material is better retained in the gap 13. A gap 13a may also be provided between the insulating sheets 3 of two adjacent wall elements 1. However, it is preferred that the adjacent insulating sheets 3 of adjacent wall elements 1 come into contact with each other in order to avoid possible acoustic bridges due to the gaps 13a generated.

The following materials are considered for the above-mentioned sheets/layers:

- For the insulating film 3, a fibre material, in particular a mineral fibre material or a glass fibre material, is particularly preferably used. In particular, in order to achieve the necessary buckling resistance of the constructed plasterboard panels 2 and also to achieve a sufficiently rigid design in a thickness direction of the plasterboard panel 2 to be constructed, it is particularly expedient to select such fibre materials, in particular mineral fibre materials or glass fibre materials, which have in the unprocessed state a bulk density of 50 kg/m3 or more, in particular 60 kg/m3 or more. The bulk density in this case means the bulk density which is customarily stated for fibre films in the delivery state.

If slight compressions (in the thickness direction) or expansions (in the thickness direction) can occur during the construction of the wall elements 1 according to the invention, the density of the fiber material available in a finished wall element 2 can deviate both upwards and downwards. However, during the manufacture of a wall element 1 according to the invention, an aim is to incorporate the insulating film 3 both in the thickness direction and in the two-dimensional directions of the insulating film 3, preferably without bracing, i.e. preferably with an unchanged bulk density, so that typically approximately the stated bulk density of, for example, 50 kg/m3 or 60 kg/m3 or more is maintained.

The insulating film 3 is glued to the support layers 5 on the flat sides 4 thereof. Specifically, if as mentioned above, the required minimum bulk densities of the fibre materials are used, it is surprising that such gluing between the support layers and the insulating film does not require additional stiffening of the wall element 1 in the thickness direction if a suitable insulating material (fibre material) is chosen. The load-bearing capacity of the insulating film 3 itself is already sufficient in such a case to prevent unwanted compression in the thickness direction to the required degree.

- The support layers 5 are formed in particular as fibre-reinforced boards, in particular as fibreboard and gypsum boards, and comprise the highest compressive strength and/or tensile strength and/or bending strength compared to the other layers/sheets.

- The cover layer 7 is formed as a paper- or cardboard-laminated plasterboard and forms the outermost layer of the wall element 1. Due to such a choice of material, a customary putty material can easily be used as well as a customary tool used in the installation of plasterboard for additional surface sealing and/or surface deviation (e.g. application of putty on the surface). In other words, a plasterboard constructed with the wall elements 1 according to the invention behaves with respect to the further processing steps like a plasterboard with external paper- or cardboard-laminated plasterboards constructed in a conventional manner in the post and beam structure.

It is recommended to choose the cut of the wall elements 1 so that an individual strip element does not weigh more than 25 kg, preferably not more than 20 kg, in order to make its management on the construction site, especially also in confined environments such as, for example, in the case of renovation of old buildings, easy to handle.

In the DIY sector, it is often also advisable to provide smaller individual elements, but at the same time a plurality of them, which are easy to handle, since especially in the DIY sector, the lifting equipment required for large elements is often not available.

Since the front sides 8 of the supporting layers 5 of two adjacent wall elements 1 come into contact with each other, the provided gluing 12 contributes substantially to the overall stability of the constructed plasterboard 2.

Until any applied glue, which may be, for example, an epoxy resin glue, an acrylic glue or another suitable glue that is particularly suitable for fibreboard, has hardened, it is advisable to take care with pre-assembly when constructing a gypsum board 2. This end is achieved, for example, by suitable gypsum board connecting elements, such as, for example, screws 15, for connecting two adjacent wall elements 1 to each other in the tongue and groove region thereof, the screws 15 offering good support in the mechanically stronger material of the carrier layer 5 in relation to the material of the cover layer 7.

In particular, Figure 3 illustrates such an exemplary mounting situation in a direction extending in the horizontal direction (first displacement amount V<1>).

Figure 3 also illustrates by way of example an embodiment (upper wall element 1) in which the amount of displacement is less in the horizontal direction than in the vertical direction.

Furthermore, Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment in which, for example, a channel 16 is formed in one of the insulating sheets 3 which can be provided, for example, for the laying of cables or other supply lines (for example water lines).

It should be understood that such a channel 16 can also be provided in other sheets, for example in the support layer 5 which is however not shown in the figures.

List of reference numbers

1 wall element

2 drywall

3 insulating sheet

4 flat side

5 layer support

5a inner flat side

5b outer flat side

6 front side

7 layer cover

8 confinement edge

10 tab

11 slot

12 gluing

13, 13a gap

15 screw

16 channel

And flat

R1, R2 addresses

Vi, V i first displacement amount

V2, V2 second displacement amount

Claims (18)

i.Multilayer wall element, for constructing plasterboard panels (2) - comprising an insulating sheet (3) with two flat sides (4) of thermal or acoustic insulating material having a large surface area in relation to front sides (6), - wherein a support layer (5) is placed with an inner flat side (5a) of the support layer (5) against each flat side (4) of the insulating sheet (3), - wherein a cover layer (7) is placed against each outer flat side (5b) of the support layer (5), wherein the supporting layers (5) are offset, along at least two directions (R1, R2) which are oriented parallel to a plane (E) of the supporting layer (5) and perpendicular to the confining edges (8) of the supporting layer (5), relative to the cover layer (7) and the insulating sheet (3) by at least a first or second offset amount (VW t; V2/V2 ), the at least one of the respective first or second offset amounts (V-<i>/Vt; V2/V2 ) being greater than zero, wherein the support layers (5) each form a tab (10) at least along a first confining edge (8), characterized in that along at least one second opposite confinement edge (8), the displacement of each support layer (5) forms a slot (11) between the insulating sheet (3) and the cover layer (7). 2. Multi-layer wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that the first displacement amount (V-<i>/V<t>) and the second displacement amount (V2/V2 ) are greater than zero, so that at least two tongues (10) and at least two grooves (11) are formed. 3. Multilayer wall element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first amount of displacement (V-<i>) is equal to the second amount of displacement (V2). 4. Multi-layer wall element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first displacement amount (V-<i>/V<t>) is not equal to the second displacement amount (V2/V2 ), i.e. the first displacement amount (V1/V1 ) is greater or smaller compared to the second displacement amount (V2/V2 ). 5. Multi-layer wall element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating film (3), the support layer (5) and the cover layer (7) are, in an observation direction on flat sides (4; 5a; 5b) of the films/layers, square or rectangular. 6. Multi-layer wall element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the support layer (5) and the cover layer (7) are of equal size in a top view on the flat sides thereof. 7. Multi-layer wall element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating sheet (3) has, in the view from above on the flat side (4) thereof, the same size as the support layer (5) or an oversizing in relation to the support layer (5). 8. Multi-layer wall element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support layer (5) is designed as a fibre-reinforced board, in particular as a gypsum fibre board. 9. Multi-layer wall element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (7) is formed as a plasterboard laminated on paper or cardboard. 10. Multi-layer wall element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating film (3) is formed from a fibre material, in particular a mineral fibre material or a glass fibre material and comprises, as a plate-shaped insulating film (3) in an unprocessed, uninstalled state, a bulk density of 50 kg/m<3> or more, in particular 60 kg/m<3> and more. 11. Multilayer wall element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating sheet (3) is glued to the support layers (5) over part of the surface area or over the entire surface area. 12. Multi-layer wall element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layers (7) are glued to the support layers (5) over part of the surface area or over the entire surface area or are mechanically connected to them, in particular clamped. 13. Multilayer wall element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that front sides (6) of the support layer (5) are formed and designed so that they come into contact with each other and support each other in the adhered state of two multilayer wall elements (1). 14. Multi-layer wall element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that front sides (6) of adjacent cover layers (7) are formed and designed so that they form a gap between them in the adhered state of two wall elements (1). 15. Multi-layer wall element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front sides (6) of the insulating sheets (3) are formed and designed so that they come into contact with each other in the adhered state of two wall elements (1). 16. Multi-layer wall element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multi-layer wall element (1) is adapted in such a way with respect to its cut that an individual element preferably weighs less than 25 kg, in particular preferably less than 20 kg. 17. Multi-layer wall element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support layer (5) and/or the insulating sheet (3) have slot-shaped channels for accommodating supply lines, for example electrical supply lines and/or water/heating supply lines. 18. Gypsum panel comprising at least one multi-layer wall element according to any of claims 1 to 17.