ES456437A1 - Procedimiento y dispositivo para la produccion de paquetes sin placas estibadoras - Google Patents
Procedimiento y dispositivo para la produccion de paquetes sin placas estibadorasInfo
- Publication number
- ES456437A1 ES456437A1 ES456437A ES456437A ES456437A1 ES 456437 A1 ES456437 A1 ES 456437A1 ES 456437 A ES456437 A ES 456437A ES 456437 A ES456437 A ES 456437A ES 456437 A1 ES456437 A1 ES 456437A1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- stack
- bonnet
- transported
- objects
- additional layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 210000003660 reticulum Anatomy 0.000 abstract 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B11/00—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
- B65B11/58—Applying two or more wrappers, e.g. in succession
- B65B11/585—Applying two or more wrappers, e.g. in succession to stacked articles, e.g. pallettised loads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B53/00—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging
- B65B53/02—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging by heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D71/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D71/0088—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D2571/00006—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D2571/00012—Bundles surrounded by a film
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D2571/00006—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D2571/00012—Bundles surrounded by a film
- B65D2571/00018—Bundles surrounded by a film under tension
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D2571/00006—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D2571/00043—Intermediate plates or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D2571/00006—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D2571/00055—Clapping elements, also placed on the side
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D2571/00006—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D2571/0008—Load supporting elements
- B65D2571/00092—Load supporting elements formed by specially placed articles or parts thereof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Attitude Control For Articles On Conveyors (AREA)
- Container Filling Or Packaging Operations (AREA)
- Specific Conveyance Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Procedimiento y dispositivo para la producción de paquetes sin placas estibadoras, de acuerdo con cuyo procedimiento se forma un paquete compuesto por varias capas de objetos apilados unos sobre otros y recubierto por una lámina de plástico, habiéndose conformado una capa especial inferior de forma que se produzcan dos espacios huecos alargados para la recepción de los brazos de horquilla de un cargador frontal, caracterizado porque en primer lugar se apilan varias capas normales de objetos a embalar con una misma superficie básica, de manera que por lo menos en dos bordes laterales opuestos se conformen unas zonas resaltantes o bien unos espacios huecos para la aplicación de los brazos de horquilla, colocando a continuación desde arriba una caperuza de lámina de contracción sobre toda la pila, que por aplicación de calor se adapta después estrechamente a la pila, que a continuación se gira por 180º de modo que la capa especial con las zonas laterales resaltantes quede por abajo, para colocar otra caperuza de lámina de contracción sobre la pila vuelta, que se adapta a continuación estrechamente a la pila por aplicación de calor y bajo soldadura con las zonas salientes de la primera caperuza de lámina de contracción.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762614558 DE2614558C3 (de) | 1976-04-03 | 1976-04-03 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung palettenloser Verpackungseinheiten |
| DE19772702613 DE2702613C2 (de) | 1977-01-22 | 1977-01-22 | Verfahren zur Herstellung palettenloser Verpackungseinheiten |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES456437A1 true ES456437A1 (es) | 1979-02-16 |
Family
ID=25770305
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES456437A Expired ES456437A1 (es) | 1976-04-03 | 1977-03-01 | Procedimiento y dispositivo para la produccion de paquetes sin placas estibadoras |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4060957A (es) |
| JP (1) | JPS52146385A (es) |
| AT (1) | AT372348B (es) |
| BR (1) | BR7702096A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA1049915A (es) |
| CH (1) | CH613663A5 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES456437A1 (es) |
| FR (1) | FR2346229A1 (es) |
| GB (1) | GB1534246A (es) |
| IT (1) | IT1084451B (es) |
| NL (1) | NL185560B (es) |
| SE (1) | SE430678B (es) |
| SU (2) | SU1151200A3 (es) |
Families Citing this family (39)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2626660A1 (de) * | 1976-06-15 | 1977-12-29 | Laessig Foerdertech Hamburg | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von palettenlosen, wasserdichten ladeeinheiten aus einzelstuecken, wie saecken o.dgl., sowie schutzverpackung hierfuer |
| FR2417434A1 (fr) * | 1978-02-18 | 1979-09-14 | Moellers Maschf | Dispositif pour l'introduction de parties d'une feuille contractable d'emballage dans des zones en retrait prevues sur les cotes d'une pile d'objets |
| DE2914138A1 (de) * | 1979-04-07 | 1980-10-09 | Basf Ag | Palettenlose ladeeinheit |
| DE2916298A1 (de) * | 1979-04-21 | 1980-10-30 | Laessig Foerdertech Hamburg | Verfahren zur herstellung von palettenlosen, wasserdichten ladeeinheiten aus saecken |
| FR2482051A1 (fr) * | 1980-05-06 | 1981-11-13 | Thimon | Emballage de charge sans palette a lit reduit delimitant des espaces lateraux de prehension |
| FR2481995B1 (fr) | 1980-05-06 | 1986-03-28 | Thimon | Dispositif de conformation d'un film de matiere plastique thermoretractable recouvrant les espaces lateraux de prehension d'une charge sans palette a lit reduit |
| DE3171497D1 (en) * | 1980-10-13 | 1985-08-29 | Ici Plc | Transportable load |
| DE3120215A1 (de) | 1981-05-21 | 1982-12-16 | Bernhard Beumer Maschinenfabrik Kg, 4720 Beckum | "anlage zum herstellen palettenloser, folienumschrumpfter stueckgutstapel, insbesondere sackstapel" |
| DE3262894D1 (en) * | 1981-10-16 | 1985-05-09 | Msk Verpackung Syst Gmbh | Method and device for packaging goods stacked on a pallet |
| US4593517A (en) * | 1982-01-06 | 1986-06-10 | Jari Mattila | Method and apparatus for packing goods |
| JPS6034351A (ja) * | 1983-07-25 | 1985-02-21 | 本州製紙株式会社 | ノ−パレット包装体及びその製造方法 |
| DE3621296A1 (de) * | 1986-06-25 | 1988-01-14 | Moellers Maschf Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur herstellung einer vollstaendig mit schrumpffolie umhuellten, palettenlosen verpackungseinheit |
| DE3639472A1 (de) * | 1986-11-18 | 1988-05-19 | Moellers Maschf Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur herstellung einer vollstaendig mit schrumpffolie umhuellten verpackungseinheit |
| IT1210729B (it) * | 1987-05-13 | 1989-09-20 | Aec Automazione Controlli | Procedimento di imballaggio per realizzare una confezione di articoli sovrapponibili la quale si atta per essere afferrata e trasportata da un sollevatore a forca |
| GB8905363D0 (en) * | 1989-03-09 | 1989-04-19 | Premier Brands Uk | Improvements relating to the packaging and marketing of tea bags |
| US5038549A (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1991-08-13 | John E. Nordstrom | Stacking packaging machine |
| US5111931A (en) * | 1989-05-17 | 1992-05-12 | A.C.X., Inc. | Unitized palletless multiple bale cargo unit |
| US5090177A (en) * | 1989-05-17 | 1992-02-25 | A.C.X., Inc. | Method for unitization of cargo |
| JP2596855B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-15 | 1997-04-02 | 信栄製紙 株式会社 | ノーパレット多段積層梱包体の製造方法 |
| DE4417711C2 (de) * | 1994-05-20 | 1998-07-30 | Rockwool Mineralwolle | Transporteinheit, bestehend aus einer Anzahl Mineralwolleplatten |
| US5623808A (en) * | 1996-01-19 | 1997-04-29 | Hk Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for palletizing and wrapping a load |
| IES990763A2 (en) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-04-04 | Comtor Ltd | A Wrapping Method and Apparatus |
| SE519065C2 (sv) * | 2001-05-23 | 2003-01-07 | Saint Gobain Isover Ab | Transportenhet för isolerskivor samt metod för framställning därav |
| US7736120B2 (en) * | 2001-08-01 | 2010-06-15 | Toptier, Inc. | Palletizer puller bar |
| US6772575B2 (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2004-08-10 | Lantech Management Corp. And Lantech Holding Corp. | Shrink wrap apparatus and method of shrink wrapping products |
| FI126245B (fi) * | 2005-03-09 | 2016-08-31 | Konecranes Finland Oy | Menetelmä paletittoman tavarakollin sijoittamiseksi ja luovuttamiseksi varastohyllystä ja kollien logistiikan hallitsemiseksi sekä laitteisto menetelmän toteuttamiseksi |
| US20070220830A1 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-09-27 | Macleod Richard F J | Methods and apparatus for preserving pallet units of fresh perishables in modified atmosphere-containing bags |
| JP5159795B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-26 | 2013-03-13 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | カバーテープのレコード巻体の包装方法および包装体 |
| DE202008003760U1 (de) * | 2008-03-18 | 2009-07-23 | Autefa Automation Gmbh | Verpackungseinrichtung |
| US8074431B1 (en) | 2009-06-01 | 2011-12-13 | Top Tier, Inc. | Hybrid palletizer |
| US8256555B2 (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2012-09-04 | Raymond Ackley | Three-wheeled motorcycle |
| ITMI20100468A1 (it) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-24 | Messersi Packaging Srl | Metodo e impianto per formare pacchi con piede di appoggio senza pallet |
| EP2433874B1 (de) * | 2010-09-27 | 2013-04-03 | Felix Waldner GmbH | Verfahren zum Verpacken eines Packgutes und Verpackung für ein Packgut |
| US9003747B2 (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2015-04-14 | Alain Cerf | Process and apparatus for increasing stacking strength of film wrapped articles |
| DE102014105936A1 (de) * | 2014-04-28 | 2015-10-29 | Windmöller & Hölscher Kg | Verfahren für das Stapeln von gefüllten Säcken zu einem palettenfreien Sackstapel |
| CN105599992B (zh) * | 2016-03-14 | 2018-03-13 | 中利腾晖光伏科技有限公司 | 一种用于光伏太阳能组件的装箱设备及装箱方法 |
| EP3312099B1 (de) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-03-20 | Maschinenfabrik Möllers GmbH | Verfahren zum herstellen einer palettenlosen verpackungseinheit und nach dem verfahren hergestellte verpackungseinheit |
| JP6647345B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-14 | 2020-02-14 | コアレックス信栄株式会社 | 梱包体の製造方法 |
| CN111252301B (zh) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-12-15 | 绍兴柯桥恒松针纺有限公司 | 一种多维度调节的模块式自动化包装装置 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2157642A (en) * | 1936-10-19 | 1939-05-09 | Niagara Sprayer And Chemical C | Turning table |
| US3103773A (en) * | 1959-08-21 | 1963-09-17 | Barzano Piero | Method and apparatus for packaging articles |
| DE1925492A1 (de) * | 1969-05-20 | 1970-11-26 | Heinrich Ankele Fa | Verfahren zum Paketieren von zu transportierenden Guetern |
| DE2043312A1 (de) * | 1970-09-01 | 1972-03-16 | C. Keller & Co, 4533 Laggenbeck | Verfahren zum Umhüllen von auf Transportbahnen zu Paketen gestapelten Gegenständen, insbesondere keramischen Produkten mit einer Schrumpffolie, und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| US3788462A (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1974-01-29 | Owens Illinois Inc | Unitized palletless load |
| US3995410A (en) * | 1971-06-15 | 1976-12-07 | Berghgracht Marius Leopold Hyp | Package forming apparatus |
| DE2145681A1 (de) * | 1971-09-13 | 1973-04-19 | Ytong Ag | Verfahren zum verpacken von bausteinen |
| FR2161527A7 (es) * | 1971-11-23 | 1973-07-06 | Applic Thermiques | |
| BE795279A (fr) * | 1972-02-11 | 1973-05-29 | Magnusson Gustav G | Charge de marchandises comportant une pluralites de couches, et procede et machine pour la realisation de ladite charge |
| US3853218A (en) * | 1973-01-30 | 1974-12-10 | Gilbert G | Load of goods comprising a plurality of layers, and a method and a machine for producing said load |
| US3896604A (en) * | 1973-03-01 | 1975-07-29 | American Can Co | Double wrap packaging apparatus |
| JPS5437854B2 (es) * | 1974-03-14 | 1979-11-17 |
-
1977
- 1977-02-07 AT AT0079077A patent/AT372348B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-02-17 SU SU772453149D patent/SU1151200A3/ru active
- 1977-02-17 SU SU772453149A patent/SU722474A3/ru active
- 1977-02-23 CH CH226077A patent/CH613663A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-02-25 NL NLAANVRAGE7702024,A patent/NL185560B/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-01 ES ES456437A patent/ES456437A1/es not_active Expired
- 1977-03-14 FR FR7707510A patent/FR2346229A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-03-16 GB GB11085/77A patent/GB1534246A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-21 SE SE7703173A patent/SE430678B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-24 US US05/780,810 patent/US4060957A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1977-03-25 IT IT21722/77A patent/IT1084451B/it active
- 1977-04-01 JP JP3625277A patent/JPS52146385A/ja active Pending
- 1977-04-01 CA CA275,292A patent/CA1049915A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-04-01 BR BR7702096A patent/BR7702096A/pt unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH613663A5 (es) | 1979-10-15 |
| GB1534246A (en) | 1978-11-29 |
| FR2346229A1 (fr) | 1977-10-28 |
| SE7703173L (sv) | 1977-10-04 |
| FR2346229B1 (es) | 1983-07-22 |
| SU1151200A3 (ru) | 1985-04-15 |
| SU722474A3 (ru) | 1980-03-15 |
| ATA79077A (de) | 1980-04-15 |
| SE430678B (sv) | 1983-12-05 |
| AT372348B (de) | 1983-09-26 |
| BR7702096A (pt) | 1978-01-10 |
| IT1084451B (it) | 1985-05-25 |
| NL7702024A (nl) | 1977-10-05 |
| CA1049915A (en) | 1979-03-06 |
| JPS52146385A (en) | 1977-12-06 |
| NL185560B (nl) | 1989-12-18 |
| US4060957A (en) | 1977-12-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| ES456437A1 (es) | Procedimiento y dispositivo para la produccion de paquetes sin placas estibadoras | |
| US3903673A (en) | Machine for producing a load of goods comprising a plurality of layers | |
| US3662512A (en) | Method and apparatus for shrink-film wrapping a pallet load | |
| CA2151345A1 (en) | Packaging arrangement | |
| US3495375A (en) | Stabilizing unit loads using tensioned film | |
| US4434603A (en) | Plant for producing palletless stacks of piece goods, particularly sacks around which is shrunk a sheet | |
| ATE32451T1 (de) | Packung zum verpacken von stueckigem verpackungsgut. | |
| ES362805A1 (es) | Un metodo de contraer una envoltura de forma de lamina de plastico. | |
| DE3262894D1 (en) | Method and device for packaging goods stacked on a pallet | |
| JP2005514277A5 (es) | ||
| JPH0543577B2 (es) | ||
| US2962163A (en) | Brick package | |
| ES2007571B3 (es) | Dispositivo para fabricacion de una unidad de empaquetado total sin palettes, envuelta con una lamina contractil | |
| CZ297499B6 (cs) | Přepravní jednotka a způsob její výroby | |
| GB1320727A (en) | Packaging merchandise | |
| FR2454410A1 (fr) | Procede de formation d'unites d'empaquetage | |
| EP0291858A2 (en) | Process for packing stacked items and enabling handling by a fork-lift truck | |
| GB1512371A (en) | Radiator packaging | |
| GB1203778A (en) | Method and apparatus for securing stacks of goods on a pallet | |
| US5018339A (en) | Apparatus for shrink-wrapping palletized goods | |
| ES2020241B3 (es) | Dispositivo para confeccionar una unidad de envase rodeada de una lamina contraible | |
| GB1335577A (en) | Package formation | |
| GB1138071A (en) | Package of necked containers | |
| JPS63110420U (es) | ||
| SU1722957A1 (ru) | Способ упаковывани штучных изделий |