FR2556085A2 - Temperature-regulating heat sink - Google Patents
Temperature-regulating heat sink Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2556085A2 FR2556085A2 FR8319325A FR8319325A FR2556085A2 FR 2556085 A2 FR2556085 A2 FR 2556085A2 FR 8319325 A FR8319325 A FR 8319325A FR 8319325 A FR8319325 A FR 8319325A FR 2556085 A2 FR2556085 A2 FR 2556085A2
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- heat sink
- metal seal
- temperature
- bismuth
- liquid metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SSWIVUPIIWJGCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cd].[Sn].[Pb].[Bi] Chemical compound [Cd].[Sn].[Pb].[Bi] SSWIVUPIIWJGCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PSMFTUMUGZHOOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [In].[Sn].[Bi] Chemical compound [In].[Sn].[Bi] PSMFTUMUGZHOOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000807 Ga alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/01—Control of temperature without auxiliary power
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F2013/005—Thermal joints
- F28F2013/006—Heat conductive materials
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Le présent certificat, d'addition a pour objet un puits de chaleur a régulation de température et à joint métallique liquide. The present certificate of addition relates to a heat sink with temperature regulation and a liquid metal seal.
Le brevet principal décrit et revendique un puits de chaleur comprenant un bloc conducteur de la chaleur (40), en contact thermique avec un serpentin
(46) parcouru par un liquide de refroidissement. Le bloc est percé d'un canal (42) apte à recevoir au moins un tube d'expérimentation (46). Une couche de métal ale lié (84) ayant une température de fusion inférieure à la température de fonctionnement du puits est int.erpo sée entre le tube d'expérimentation (46) et le puits de chaleur.Cette couche forme un joint métallique liquide qui favorise le transfert thermique entre entre le tube et le puits et améliore donc l'efficacité de celui-Cio
Le métal employé doit etre liquide à la ten pérature de fonctionnement du puits, et il est de pré- férence, solide å la température ambiante (par exemple à 20 C.La conductibilité thermique des métaux liqui- des étant de l'o-dre de 15W/m Cs avec une épaisseur de 1 mm, on obtient une conductance thermique d'environ 47W/ C, ce qui est bien meilleur qu'avec une couche d'hélium, où avec une couche d'épaisseur 0,2 mm la conductance thermique ne serait que de 2,6W/ C ou avec l'air, où cette conductance serait de O,5w/0c
La solution du joint métallique liquide offre un autre avantage.Si le joint est solide à la tempéra- ture ambiante, il participe au maintien du tube d'expé- rimentation dans le puits, ce qui est particuliàrement utile pendant la phase de lancement et de mise en orbite d'un satellite emportant une telle installation, phase pendant laquelle les vibrations risquent d'endommager le tube
Bien que l'alliage indium-gallium mentionné dans le brevet principal puisse convenir dans certaines applications pour constituer le joint métallique liquide, le présent certificat d'addition a pour objet d'autres alliages plus avantageux; notamment dans la réalisation de fours de croissance de cristaux destinés aux satellites artificiels.On çonçoit que, dans une telle application, les conditions operatoires soient particulièrement sévères et que le joint métallique liquide doive répondre à de multiples exIgences comme par exemple - etre compatible chimiquement avec les matériaux cons
tituant le tube d'expérimentation et le puits de cha
leur, - pouvoir être confiné malgré la température élevée
(jusqu'à 1500 C) au droit de la zone chauffée, - mouiller le puits de chaleur, - ne pas mouiller le tube d'expérimentation contenant
l'échantillon cristallin, - ne pas engendrer de perturbations mécaniques (accélé
rations) en cours de tirage, - offrir la possibilité de déplacement dans une gamme
de vitesse très large (10 5 à 10'1 cm/s), - avoir un coefficient de changement de volume positif
à la fusion, c'est-å-dire occuper un volume plus
grand sous forme liquide que sous forme solide
Les travaux du demandeur sur ce sujet ont permis de tester deux alliages qui répondent bien à la plupart de ces exigences : il s'agit de l'alliage de
WOOD qui est un alliage étain-plomb-bismuth-cadmium dont le point de fusion est situé à 720C et d'un alliage qui est lleutectique indium-bismuth-étain dont le point de fusion se situe à 55oC. The main patent describes and claims a heat sink comprising a heat conducting block (40), in thermal contact with a coil
(46) through which a coolant flows. The block is pierced with a channel (42) capable of receiving at least one experimentation tube (46). A layer of bonded metal (84) having a melting temperature below the operating temperature of the well is located between the experiment tube (46) and the heat sink. This layer forms a liquid metallic seal which promotes heat transfer between the tube and the well and therefore improves the efficiency of the latter
The metal used must be liquid at the operating temperature of the well, and it is preferably solid at room temperature (for example at 20 C. The thermal conductivity of the liquid metals being of the order of 15W / m Cs with a thickness of 1 mm, a thermal conductance of about 47W / C is obtained, which is much better than with a layer of helium, where with a layer of thickness 0.2 mm the thermal conductance would only be 2.6W / C or with air, where this conductance would be 0.5w / 0c
Another advantage is the solution of the liquid metal seal. If the seal is solid at room temperature, it helps to hold the test tube in the well, which is particularly useful during the start-up and putting into orbit of a satellite carrying such an installation, phase during which vibrations risk damaging the tube
Although the indium-gallium alloy mentioned in the main patent may be suitable in certain applications for constituting the liquid metallic seal, the present certificate of addition relates to other more advantageous alloys; in particular in the production of crystal growth ovens intended for artificial satellites. We can see that, in such an application, the operating conditions are particularly severe and that the liquid metallic seal must meet multiple requirements such as for example - be chemically compatible with the cons materials
tituant the tube of experimentation and the well of cha
their, - be able to be confined despite the high temperature
(up to 1500 C) in front of the heated area, - wet the heat sink, - do not wet the experiment tube containing
the crystalline sample, - do not generate mechanical disturbances (accelerated
rations) during the draw, - offer the possibility of moving in a range
very wide speed (10 5 to 10'1 cm / s), - have a positive volume change coefficient
at fusion, that is to say occupy a larger volume
large in liquid form than in solid form
The applicant's work on this subject made it possible to test two alloys which meet most of these requirements well: it is the alloy
WOOD which is a tin-lead-bismuth-cadmium alloy with a melting point of 720C and an alloy which is an indium-bismuth-tin alloy with a melting point of 55oC.
Les alliages à base de mercure conviennent également, mais ils sont à rejeter pour une application spatiale pour des questions de sécurité. Mercury-based alloys are also suitable, but they should be rejected for space application for safety reasons.
Un problème annexe posé par l'utilisation d'un joint métallique liquide est celui des joints d'étanchéité à placer entre le tube d'expérimentation et le puits de chaleur, joints qui se trouvent en contact avec le métal lorsque celui-ci est sous forme liquide. Ce problème a trouvé une solution satisfaisante dans l'utilisation de joints en élastomère, moulables à froid et présentant une grande souplesse. Comme élasto- mère, on a utilisé le Silatic E RTV (DOW CORNlNG) qui presente d'excellentes propriétés de moulage, de précision et de tenue en température. Cependant, d'autres matériaux caoutchoutiques peuvent convenir. An additional problem posed by the use of a liquid metallic seal is that of the seals to be placed between the experimentation tube and the heat sink, seals which are in contact with the metal when the latter is under liquid form. This problem has found a satisfactory solution in the use of elastomer seals, cold moldable and having great flexibility. As elastomer, Silatic E RTV (DOW CORNlNG) was used, which has excellent molding properties, precision and temperature resistance. However, other rubber materials may be suitable.
Quant à l'alliage indium-gallium mentionné dans le brevet principal, il mouille fortement tous les matériaux en présence, y compris les joints en élastomère, et, de ce fait, convient mag à certaines applica- tions ; mais naturellement il peut convenir à d'autres. As for the indium-gallium alloy mentioned in the main patent, it strongly wets all the materials present, including the elastomer seals, and, therefore, is suitable for certain applications; but of course it may be suitable for others.
Pour ce qui est du remplissage du volume offert au joint métallique entre le tube d'expérimenta- tion et le puits de chaleur, deux techniques peuvent être utilisées - remplissage du volume entre le tube d'expérimentation
et un manchon solidaire du puits de chaleur avec le
métal sous forme liquide après prechaufàge de llen-
semble à 700C environ. Le moulage peut entre fait sous
pression ou non. il faut observer que le manchon en
question peut présenter une forme tronconique, ce qui
facilite la mise en place des divers élélaents de
l'appareil, - moulage d'un joint métallique dans un outillage spé
cial, et pose du joint sons forme solide autour du
tube d'expérimentation.Cette technique est intéres
sante car elle permet d'équiper le puits de chaleur
avec peu de moyens technisues, les joints métalliques
étant préparés à l'avance.In terms of filling the volume offered to the metal joint between the experiment tube and the heat sink, two techniques can be used - filling the volume between the experiment tube
and a sleeve secured to the heat sink with the
metal in liquid form after preheating of llen-
seems to be around 700C. The molding can be done under
pressure or not. it should be noted that the sleeve in
question can have a frusto-conical shape, which
facilitates the installation of the various elements of
the device, - molding of a metal seal in a special tool
cial, and put the joint in solid form around the
experiment tube.This technique is interesting
health because it allows to equip the heat sink
with few technical means, metal seals
being prepared in advance.
Avec les alliages mentionnés plus haut, le demandeur a observé un excellent comportement thermique du joint métallique liquide, aussi bien sous air que sous vide, y compris lorsque le tube expérimental est déplacé avec une vitesse comprise entre 10 5 cm/s et 10-2 cm/s. With the alloys mentioned above, the applicant observed an excellent thermal behavior of the liquid metallic seal, both in air and in vacuum, including when the experimental tube is moved with a speed between 10 5 cm / s and 10-2 cm / s.
Des opérations de déplacement du puits ont été effectuées sur des longueurs de 200 mm avec de multiples allers et retours. Après démontage du dispositif, aucune altération du joint métallique, ni des joints en élastomère n'a pu être observée. Displacement operations of the well were carried out on lengths of 200 mm with multiple round trips. After dismantling the device, no alteration of the metal seal or of the elastomer seals could be observed.
Grâce à l'utilisation du Joint métallique liquide décrit on peut obtenir des effets de trempe très importants sur l'échantillon cristallin en cours de traitement par avancement rapide de ce dernier dans le puits de chaleur. Thanks to the use of the liquid metallic seal described, very strong quenching effects can be obtained on the crystalline sample during treatment by rapid advancement of the latter in the heat sink.
Une expérimentation a été effectuee sous air avec une température d'échantillon de 9000C. Le comportement du système a été en tout point excellent, le temps pour atteindre à nouveau la température du puits de chaleur étant de l'ordre de 2 à 4 secondes. An experiment was carried out in air with a sample temperature of 9000C. The behavior of the system was excellent in all respects, the time to reach the temperature of the heat sink again being of the order of 2 to 4 seconds.
Par ailleurs ce système de point liquide peut etre mis en place sur des cartouches expérimentales permettant ainsi d'effectuer le chargement et le déchargement, manuel ou automatique, de fours terrestres ou spatiaux, afin de profiter des avantages thermiques considérables offerts par l'amélioration du transfert de chaleur vers un puits froid. Furthermore, this liquid point system can be set up on experimental cartridges thus making it possible to carry out the loading and unloading, manual or automatic, of terrestrial or space ovens, in order to benefit from the considerable thermal advantages offered by the improvement of the heat transfer to a cold well.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8319325A FR2556085B2 (en) | 1983-12-02 | 1983-12-02 | HEAT WELL WITH TEMPERATURE CONTROL |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8319325A FR2556085B2 (en) | 1983-12-02 | 1983-12-02 | HEAT WELL WITH TEMPERATURE CONTROL |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2556085A2 true FR2556085A2 (en) | 1985-06-07 |
| FR2556085B2 FR2556085B2 (en) | 1988-03-11 |
Family
ID=9294813
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8319325A Expired FR2556085B2 (en) | 1983-12-02 | 1983-12-02 | HEAT WELL WITH TEMPERATURE CONTROL |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2556085B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115979032A (en) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-04-18 | 上海交通大学 | A flexible and stretchable heat transfer device based on liquid metal packaging and its preparation method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2649368A (en) * | 1950-10-07 | 1953-08-18 | American Smelting Refining | Indium-bismuth-tin alloy |
-
1983
- 1983-12-02 FR FR8319325A patent/FR2556085B2/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2649368A (en) * | 1950-10-07 | 1953-08-18 | American Smelting Refining | Indium-bismuth-tin alloy |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| T.LYMANN et al.: "Metals Handbook", 1961, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio (USA); * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115979032A (en) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-04-18 | 上海交通大学 | A flexible and stretchable heat transfer device based on liquid metal packaging and its preparation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2556085B2 (en) | 1988-03-11 |
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