FR2579902A1 - - Google Patents

Abstract

THE OBJECT OF THE INVENTION IS AN APPARATUS FOR SOLIDELIQUID EXTRACTION. IT IS COMPOSED OF A FIXED TANK 1 AND A ROTATING DRUM 9 HEATING ON ITS LONGITUDINAL WALL AND FILTERING AT THE LEVEL OF ITS FLASKS THANKS TO REMOVABLE ELEMENTS. TANK 1 AND DRUM 9 HAVE OPENINGS AND CLOSURES 18, 24, 5, 23, 6, 20 FOR THE LOADING AND UNLOADING OF THE MATERIAL. THE DRUM IS MOUNTED ON A ROTATING AXIS 8 MOVED BY A MOTOR 22. THE HEAT EXCHANGE MEANS IS A HALF COIL 10 WHICH IS WELDED ON THE WALL, ALONG THE OUTER WALL OF THE GRILLE 11. THE INVENTION S '' APPLIED TO DISCONTINUOUS EXTRACTION PROCESSES OF FINE CHEMISTRY, PARACHIMICS AND AGRO-INDUSTRY.

Description

The subject of the invention is an apparatus for solid / liquid extraction,

  composed of a heating drum rotating in a tank

  fixed, the flanges being equipped with removable filter surfaces.

  Solid / liquid extraction, mainly applied in the field of production from plant substances, oils and pharmaceutical or aromatic bases, currently requires the use of one of the following equipment, depending on the nature of the material first or solvent and depending on the hourly amount of material to be treated: 1: discontinuous extractors These are either static or agitated; some are equipped with filtering surfaces but all require, at the end of extraction for the recovery of the impregnating solvent: - either a transfer of the wet material in another dryer apparatus, the assembly requiring additional equipment very expensive, - either the adoption of the principle of steam entrainment in the extractor itself, which is an operation always expensive in energy, often long, and which has the disadvantage of giving a residue impregnated with water, or even a mud, which poses many problems

  elimination without pollution, or without considerable expenditure of energy.

  2: the continuous extractors whose applications can only concern the mass production and / or the extraction unit is always followed by a dryer assembly allowing the recovery of the solvent and the removal of the dry solid. The only disadvantage of the continuous processes being the obligation to work at a constant rate, twenty-four hours a day, for long periods on the same solid, with the same solvent, which prevents it from being applicable to many extractions especially in

  aromatic, pharmaceutical or fine chemicals industries.

  The apparatus according to the invention tends to solve all these disadvantages. The extractor dryer according to the invention is composed of: - a fixed capacity, called tank,

  - a rotating capacity, called drum.

  Said rotating drum, inclined on the horizontal, comprises a means of heat exchange of its longitudinal wall and it comprises means

  filtration at each of its flanges.

  The tank of any geometric configuration, often that of a volume of revolution, whose longitudinal axis is inclined to the horizontal, comprises at least one of the circular bases which is

removable.

  Said tank comprises openings so as to allow the introduction and the emptying of the solid and means ensuring the movements and the sealing of the doors closing said openings and all the pipes used for the movement of liquids, gas or vapor, regulations and controls. The tank has a lateral opening, called the loading opening, with its closing door. It also has an opening allowing the departure of the vapors. This opening departure from

  vapors is provided at the wall, in the upper part of the tank.

  A visit door is also provided in the upper body of the tank, it provides access to the device that controls the

  lower opening door of the drum.

  At the bottom base, a lower opening is provided

  with its door, controlled by a jack.

  One of the bases, at least, of the tank comprises a bearing and sealing device for guiding and passing a rotating shaft as well as the appropriate means for automatically cleaning the surfaces.

filtering drum.

  The rotating and heating drum is mounted in the tank on the rotating shaft. It is of geometrical configuration, generally similar to that of the tank and its axis of rotation is generally inclined on the horizontal like that of the tank. The drum consists of a grille and two flanges. The wall of the grille is smooth inside and outside, it has a half coil welded on its wall

exterior.

  This drum, consisting of a calender, is designed so that its inner wall is smooth and a methodical circulation of fluid

  allows the smooth wall to transmit or absorb calories.

  The drum has a heat exchange means disposed at the outer wall of the calender, the smooth inner wall of said calender of said drum transmits or absorbs the calories to the charged material therein. The drum has two arms-shaped flanges

  which maintain filtering areas.

  Said drum also has openings and doors

  necessary for loading and emptying the solid.

  An engine rotates the central shaft on which is mounted,

  solid, the heat exchange drum that rotates in the tank.

  The heat exchange means of the drum is a half coil welded against the outer wall of the shell and in which circulates a heating fluid allowing the smooth inner wall of the shell of

  transmit or absorb calories.

ADVANTAGES OF THE DEVICE

  A) The loading of the solid material, which may interest almost the entire useful volume of the drum, can be performed mechanically or manually by the upper door, in a very easy way. B) By rotational movement of the drum, the solid / liquid contact is perfectly ensured with stirring and using a minimum of solvent volume, generally less than half the volume of the tank

for each.

  C) Thanks to the large heat exchange surface and the movement that animates it, it is very easy to maintain the mass, during the extraction, at the optimum temperature (usually between

  five degrees centigrade and one hundred degrees centigrade).

  Regarding the advantages of low temperature extraction, we can refer to the publications of the inventor Paul TEISSEIRE in

the magazine "SEARCHES" 1952 - 2-11.

  D) The rotation allows, in addition, a relative spinning of the solid through the filtering surfaces, between each wash and at the end of extraction. E) At the end of extraction, the drum calender supplied with hot fluid allows the apparatus to become an excellent dryer, the solvent vapors passing through the filter elements until a dry residue is obtained, easy to handle, reuse or destroy, this with

the minimum of energy expenditure.

  F) The design of the drain doors and their remote control allow the use of ancillary devices automatic handling

  residues, safely for service personnel.

  The construction and design of the entire extractor allows work in a pressure range lower or higher than the

atmospheric pressure.

MAIN APPLICATIONS

  1. EXTRACTING THE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF PLANTS WITH SOLVENTS

LIQUIDS:

  - aromas, - perfumes, - drug bases

2. VARIOUS CHEMICAL OPERATIONS

  comprising successively: - agitation, - crystallization - washing filtration

- drying.

3. BIOTECHNOLOGY

  - solvent extraction of a metabolite from a biomass.

  4. EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS BY STEAM TRAINING.

  The attached drawing given by way of indicative and non-limiting example will make it easy to understand the invention. It represents a mode of

  preferred embodiment according to the invention.

  The single figure shows the apparatus for extraction, seen in section

along the longitudinal axis.

  It is composed of a tank 1, whose longitudinal axis 2 is inclined.

  The bases 3 and 4 are removable and they have openings 5 and 6 so as to allow the introduction and emptying of the solid and the means 7 ensuring the movements (cylinders) and the sealing of the doors

closing said openings 5 and 6.

  The tank has a lateral opening 5, called the loading opening, with its closing door. It also has an opening 24 for the departure of vapors. This opening 24, the departure of the vapors, is provided at the level of the wall, in the upper part of the

tank 1.

  A visit door 23 is also provided in the upper part of the body of the tank 1, it provides access audispositif which controls the

  lower opening door 20 of the drum 9.

  At the lower base 4, a lower opening 6 is

  provided with its door, controlled by a cylinder 7.

  One of the bases 4, at least, of the tank 1 comprises a device for bearings and sealing for guiding and the passage of an axis

turning 8.

  A drum 9 is mounted in the tank 1 on the rotating shaft 8. This axis 8 is coaxial with the inclined longitudinal axis of the vessel 1. The heat exchange means is a half-coil 10 which is welded along. the

  outer wall of the shell 11 of said drum 9.

  In the half coil 10 circulates a fluid that allows the inner smooth wall of the calender 11 to transmit or absorb calories inside the drum 9. The lower ends 12 and 13 upper half coil 10 are connected to inlet and outlet piping

  14, 15 arranged coaxially with the rotating shaft 8.

  The drum 9 comprises two flanges 16 in the form of radiating arms which hold filtering sectors 17 (perforated plates, canvases

  metal or textile, special grids).

  The drum 9 has an upper opening 18, with its door disposed at the wall of the calender 11. For the loading of the drum 9, the opening 18 must come opposite the opening 5 of the tank 1. To evacuate the residues or the drops, a lower opening 19 is disposed at the level of the lower flange 16. This lower opening 19 has a closing door 20 which is hydraulically actuated

  by a jack and a set of rods 21.

  A visit door 23, disposed at the wall of the vessel 1,

  allows to operate the device 21 which controls the door 20 of the drum 9.

  A motor 22 rotates the central shaft 8 on which is

rotatably mounted the drum 9.

OPERATION

  - The loading of the solid material is easily performed (manually or mechanically) in the drum 9, by the double door 5

and 18.

  - The level of the liquid, admitted in the tank l, is controlled by a magnetic level, to obtain the maximum washing effect with the minimum

of solvent.

  The hydraulic motor 22 drives, at an adjustable speed, either in continuous rotation or in alternating rotation with or without inversion of

  meaning, the drum 9 containing the solid material.

  - The washing of the solid material is activated not only by the agitation due to the movements of the drum 9, but also by additional circulation of the liquid by means of a pump and jets perpendicular to the filter flanges 16 of the drum 9, also avoiding the

clogging them.

  - The successive washes are carried out at the desired temperature thanks to the possibility of circulating a heating fluid (or refrigerant)

  in the circuit which is integrated in the drum grille 9.

  - Any vapors are conducted through the orifice 24, starting vapors, to any suitable system of condensation (and possibly

reflux).

  - Washing completed, the spinning of the solid (facilitated by the rotation of the drum) takes place through the filtering surface of the flanges 16, which can be equipped with any kind of media and support

adapted to the problem.

  - The spin is complete, two solutions are possible for the recovery of the residual solvent and the emptying of the solid: A) Wet way After the addition of the water necessary in the apparatus, the rotation combined with a heating by the circuit of shell it and possibly by a direct steam injection, bring, quite quickly, the mass to

  the state of a sludge free of solvent.

  This sludge is rapidly discharged to the adjoining settling facilities by the successive hydraulic opening of the door 6 and the

  door 20 of the lower opening 19 of the drum 9.

  B) Dry way The rotation of the drum 9 and the heating by the calender circuit bring the mass in the dry state, by distillation of the solvent alone, the solid thus dried being then collected by the low openings as previously in any suitable system of handling, storage, bagging, to be either reused or destroyed by combustion and

calorie recovery.

  This device is versatile: users will very often find new and particularly practical applications in all the discontinuous processes of FINE CHEMISTRY and PARACHIMY, as in

those of AGRO-INDUSTRIES.

  The device is equipped, if necessary, with internal and external pallets

  to facilitate agitation of the solid or liquid.

Claims (9)

  1. Apparatus for solid / liquid extraction composed of a fixed vessel (1) and a rotating drum (9), characterized in that the drum (9) comprises means for exchanging heat or cooling ( 10) of its calender (11) during rotation of said drum, removable filter means (17) at its flanges (16), means for opening and closing the doors (5, 23, 6, 20, 18) for loading and unloading means (7) ensuring the movements of said doors and their sealing and, at the level of the fixed vessel (1) and the rotating drum (9), a motor (22) with its means of transmission ensuring   rotating said drum (9) in the tank (1).   2. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that it is composed of a vessel (1), the longitudinal axis (2) is inclined; the bases (3 and 4) are removable and they have openings (5 and 6) so as to allow the introduction and emptying of the solid and means (7) ensuring the movements (cylinders) and the sealing of the doors   closing said openings (5 and 6).   Apparatus according to any of claims 1 or 2   characterized in that the vessel has a lateral opening (5), said loading opening, with its closing door, it also comprises an opening (24) for the departure of the vapors, this opening (24), departure of the vapors, is provided at the wall, in the upper part of the tank (1); a visit door (23) is also provided in the upper part of the body of the tank (1), it provides access audispositif (21) which controls the lower opening door (20) of the drum (9); at the lower base (4), a lower opening (6) is provided with its door, controlled by a jack (7); one of the bases (4), at least, of the tank (1) comprises a bearing device   and sealing for guiding and passing a rotating shaft (8).   Apparatus according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3   characterized in that a drum (9) is mounted in the vessel (1) on the rotating shaft (8), this axis (8) is coaxial with the inclined longitudinal axis of the vessel (1), the means heat exchanger is a half coil (10) which is welded along the outer wall of the shell (11) of said drum (9).   5. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 or 4   characterized in that in the half coil (10) flows a fluid which allows the inner smooth wall of the shell (11) to transmit or absorb calories inside the drum (9), the lower ends ( 12) and upper (13) of the half-coil (10) are connected to inlet and outlet pipes (14, 15) arranged   coaxially with the rotating shaft (8).   Apparatus according to any of claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5   characterized in that the drum (9) has two flanges (16) in the form of radiating arms which hold filtering sectors (17).   (perforated sheets, metal or textile fabrics, various grids).   Apparatus according to any of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5   or 6 characterized in that the drum (9) has an upper opening (18), with its door disposed at the wall of the shell (11); for the loading of the drum (9), the opening (18) must come opposite the opening (5) of the tank (1); to evacuate the residues or the drops, a lower opening (19) is arranged at the level of the lower flange (16), this lower opening (19) has a closing door (20) which is hydraulically actuated by a jack and a set of rods (21).   Apparatus according to any of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,   6 or 7 characterized by the fact that a visit door (23), arranged at the level of the wall of the tank (1), makes it possible to actuate, by the device   (21) which controls the door (20) of the drum (9).   Apparatus according to any of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,   6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the means for opening and closing and sealing, as well as the design of the vessel (1) and of the drum allow work in a lower pressure range or   above atmospheric pressure.