FR2824331B1 - Graisse lubrifiante, sa preparation et son utilisation, notamment pour la lubrification des contacts faisant intervenir des elastomeres - Google Patents

Graisse lubrifiante, sa preparation et son utilisation, notamment pour la lubrification des contacts faisant intervenir des elastomeres

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Publication number
FR2824331B1
FR2824331B1 FR0106079A FR0106079A FR2824331B1 FR 2824331 B1 FR2824331 B1 FR 2824331B1 FR 0106079 A FR0106079 A FR 0106079A FR 0106079 A FR0106079 A FR 0106079A FR 2824331 B1 FR2824331 B1 FR 2824331B1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
lubricating
preparation
contacts involving
elastomers
lubricating grease
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
FR0106079A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
FR2824331A1 (fr
Inventor
Pierre Belot
Jean Marie Pinoche
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
Original Assignee
Total Raffinage Distribution SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR0106079A priority Critical patent/FR2824331B1/fr
Application filed by Total Raffinage Distribution SA filed Critical Total Raffinage Distribution SA
Priority to US10/476,564 priority patent/US7141535B2/en
Priority to JP2002587540A priority patent/JP4234442B2/ja
Priority to CA002446065A priority patent/CA2446065A1/fr
Priority to EP02738212A priority patent/EP1390458A1/fr
Priority to BR0209514-9A priority patent/BR0209514A/pt
Priority to KR1020037014391A priority patent/KR100873839B1/ko
Priority to PCT/FR2002/001544 priority patent/WO2002090473A1/fr
Publication of FR2824331A1 publication Critical patent/FR2824331A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2824331B1 publication Critical patent/FR2824331B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/02—Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C17/00—Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor
    • B60C17/04—Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor utilising additional non-inflatable supports which become load-supporting in emergency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C17/00—Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor
    • B60C17/10—Internal lubrication
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/40—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
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    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
    • C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
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    • C10M113/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickening agent being an inorganic material
    • C10M113/10—Clays; Micas
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    • C10M113/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickening agent being an inorganic material
    • C10M113/12—Silica
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    • C10M113/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickening agent being an inorganic material
    • C10M113/16—Inorganic material treated with organic compounds, e.g. coated
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C10M2201/102—Silicates
    • C10M2201/103—Clays; Mica; Zeolites
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    • C10M2201/1036—Clays; Mica; Zeolites used as thickening agents
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    • C10M2201/145—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions inorganic compounds surface treated with organic compounds used as thickening agents
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/106—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof used as thickening agents
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    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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    • C10M2209/1085—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
    • C10M2209/1095—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/10—Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C10M2215/102—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/044—Polyamides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/32—Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/34—Lubricating-sealants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/40—Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/42—Flashing oils or marking oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/44—Super vacuum or supercritical use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/50—Medical uses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
FR0106079A 2001-05-04 2001-05-04 Graisse lubrifiante, sa preparation et son utilisation, notamment pour la lubrification des contacts faisant intervenir des elastomeres Expired - Fee Related FR2824331B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0106079A FR2824331B1 (fr) 2001-05-04 2001-05-04 Graisse lubrifiante, sa preparation et son utilisation, notamment pour la lubrification des contacts faisant intervenir des elastomeres
JP2002587540A JP4234442B2 (ja) 2001-05-04 2002-05-03 エラストマーとの接触部の潤滑のためのグリース、その調製法、および使用法
CA002446065A CA2446065A1 (fr) 2001-05-04 2002-05-03 Graisse lubrifiante, sa preparation et son utilisation, notamment pour la lubrification des contacts faisant intervenir des elastomeres
EP02738212A EP1390458A1 (fr) 2001-05-04 2002-05-03 Graisse lubrifiante, sa preparation et son utilisation, notamment pour la lubrification des contacts faisant intervenir des elastomeres
US10/476,564 US7141535B2 (en) 2001-05-04 2002-05-03 Lubricating grease, preparation and use thereof, in particular for lubricating contacts involving elastomers
BR0209514-9A BR0209514A (pt) 2001-05-04 2002-05-03 Graxa lubrificante, processo para preparação de uma graxa, uso da graxa como lubrificante e roda de veìculo
KR1020037014391A KR100873839B1 (ko) 2001-05-04 2002-05-03 윤활 그리스, 그의 제조 및 용도, 특히 엘라스토머를수반하는 접촉면의 윤활 용도
PCT/FR2002/001544 WO2002090473A1 (fr) 2001-05-04 2002-05-03 Graisse lubrifiante, sa preparation et son utilisation, notamment pour la lubrification des contacts faisant intervenir des elastomeres

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0106079A FR2824331B1 (fr) 2001-05-04 2001-05-04 Graisse lubrifiante, sa preparation et son utilisation, notamment pour la lubrification des contacts faisant intervenir des elastomeres

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2824331A1 FR2824331A1 (fr) 2002-11-08
FR2824331B1 true FR2824331B1 (fr) 2004-01-16

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FR0106079A Expired - Fee Related FR2824331B1 (fr) 2001-05-04 2001-05-04 Graisse lubrifiante, sa preparation et son utilisation, notamment pour la lubrification des contacts faisant intervenir des elastomeres

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US7141535B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1390458A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4234442B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100873839B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR0209514A (fr)
CA (1) CA2446065A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2824331B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002090473A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007094789A1 (fr) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-23 Societe De Technologie Michelin Lubrification d'un systeme de pneu a flancs renforces
US7304020B1 (en) * 2006-08-21 2007-12-04 Dmitry Tananko Nano-particle metal treatment composition for creating a ceramic-metal layer
KR100721600B1 (ko) * 2007-01-12 2007-05-23 주식회사 한국하우톤 바이오디젤 생산 시 생성되는 증류 잔류물을 이용한생분해성 그리스 조성물
US9296969B2 (en) 2009-02-16 2016-03-29 Chemtura Corporation Fatty sorbitan ester based friction modifiers
US20100210487A1 (en) * 2009-02-16 2010-08-19 Chemtura Coproration Fatty sorbitan ester based friction modifiers
WO2012173665A1 (fr) 2011-06-17 2012-12-20 Lubrigreen Biosynthetics, Llc Compositions de graisses comprenant des huiles de base contenant des étholides
KR101464463B1 (ko) * 2014-05-07 2014-11-26 그린루브 주식회사 썬루프 모터용 그리스 및 그 제조방법
JP6814721B2 (ja) * 2016-12-27 2021-01-20 シチズン時計株式会社 装飾品用潤滑処理剤、時計の製造方法および時計
CN112342069A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2021-02-09 新乡市恒星科技有限责任公司 一种高温防粘密封润滑脂及其制备方法
JP7730653B2 (ja) * 2021-03-30 2025-08-28 シェルルブリカンツジャパン株式会社 グリース組成物

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2652361A (en) * 1951-12-29 1953-09-15 Shell Dev Grease compositions
US2980612A (en) * 1957-08-12 1961-04-18 Union Oil Co Water-resistant non-soap greases
US3647690A (en) * 1969-03-25 1972-03-07 Texaco Inc Corrosion-inhibiting compositions
US4298481A (en) * 1979-02-23 1981-11-03 Tenneco Chemicals, Inc. High temperature grease compositions
DE3526429A1 (de) * 1985-07-24 1987-02-05 Continental Gummi Werke Ag Gleitmittel fuer ein fahrzeugrad
DE3618998A1 (de) * 1986-06-05 1987-12-10 Continental Gummi Werke Ag Gleitmittel fuer ein fahrzeugrad
US5236606A (en) * 1991-12-30 1993-08-17 Rangel Victor D L Process for obtaining and manufacturing lubricant greases from fumed silica and precipitated silicic acid
FR2705678B1 (fr) * 1993-05-24 1995-08-18 Total Raffinage Distribution Compositions de formage pour pièces en élastomère.

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JP2004536169A (ja) 2004-12-02
BR0209514A (pt) 2004-07-13
CA2446065A1 (fr) 2002-11-14
WO2002090473A1 (fr) 2002-11-14
FR2824331A1 (fr) 2002-11-08
US20040127369A1 (en) 2004-07-01
EP1390458A1 (fr) 2004-02-25
US7141535B2 (en) 2006-11-28
JP4234442B2 (ja) 2009-03-04
KR100873839B1 (ko) 2008-12-15
KR20040015713A (ko) 2004-02-19

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