FR2942425A1 - Removable device for allowing movement of vehicle i.e. heavy lorry, on slipping surface or fragile surface, has self-gripping loop band, convex bearings and side bearing comprising pressure spring arranged on and around tire and wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) has two complementary mechanical driving units connected by a pinion. A self-gripping loop band, convex bearings (35) and a side bearing of one of the driving units comprise longerons adjustment steering rack mechanisms (40), a longerons blocking and adjusting crank (41), weight transfer mechanisms i.e. movable carriages, an endless screw, a front snow-plow, rear blocking bearings, frame housings, side maintenance radial bearings and a pressure spring of a radial bearing, which are arranged on and around a tire (2) and a wheel maintained on the ground by the weight of a vehicle.

Description

Removable devices for moving a vehicle on a slippery or fragile surface.

The invention relates to the propulsion of a vehicle equipped with tires on a slippery or fragile ground. Depending on the impact of weather conditions, a motorist may choose between three categories of tires:. Classic tires, normally used on dry roads. . The tires "rain", characterized in that they comprise grooves, or "sculptures" many and deep to evacuate the maximum of water in a minimum of time to avoid the phenomenon of aquaplaning. . The tires "winter" or "snow", also called "thermogomme", which, in addition, have many slats whose role is to provide better grip when the snow obstructs the sculptures .. Despite everything, in winter, especially in Ice storms, and freezing rains have the particularity of being quite unpredictable, these tires find conditions in which their ability to grip is notoriously inadequate. In this case, to reinforce the adhesion of his vehicle, the motorist is faced with a double choice:. Or, in anticipation, before his departure, he replaces his normal tires with tires "nails", but these are, are not very effective on the ice. Moreover, they are not usable on all the roads and even, often, they are prohibited. . Or, surprised and endangered when moving, he must stop to equip his tires with the type of "chains" or socks. "Problem, the former require a tedious assembly and the second degrade quickly enough. ..

Thus, each winter, the consequences of these situations are dramatic and, inevitably, news reports long lines of vehicles immobilized on highways in freezing cold, with occupants in real danger. The trucks, too, are immobilized and unable to ensure their deliveries. Because of the "just-in-time" organization, our industry but also our trade, the economic consequences are disastrous. Large supermarkets are no longer supplied, factories no longer have the spare parts they need to function, and periods of technical unemployment ensue. Ambulances, themselves, are often unable to travel with the dramatic consequences that we imagine. On the highways, but also on the country roads and even in the streets of our cities, the ice causes uncontrollable slips, accidents, often serious, and, alas, sometimes fatal. The consequence of all this is that the whole society is disorganized and it is very expensive. It is obvious that in a world that is modernizing in the way that we know, if, despite all the above, these situations are repeated every year, it is, to this day, no satisfactory solution. has been found.

Another problem, inherent in winter conditions, is the obligation for some heavy goods vehicles to drive on fragile surfaces. Thus, every winter, roads are laid out on the frozen lakes near the Arctic Circle and heavy trucks circulate there. Alas, it happens that under their weight the ice breaks and the truckers are killed. Here too, the invention provides an answer.

The prior art mentions numerous anti-slip or anti-slip devices. Many are integrated with tires, such as nails, plates, crampons, fixed in multiple ways or inserted in their sculptures, and, moreover, retractable or not. These devices are not in the art, nor the technique to which the invention belongs. This art also states improvements in their design or their installation technique, accessories of the type of chains. And also, elements encircling the tires, like half-shells attached to the flanks, all fixed in many ways, by tenors, straps, hoops, gimbals, arms and sometimes, themselves, equipped with pads or crampons. Here again, if the intentions are similar, this state of the art is not the one to which the invention belongs.

Also in a non-slip sight, the application FR 19960012799, differs in that it relates to a small additional pivoting wheel which is fixed on the inner rim of the tire and driven by a toothing added to the tire, which must be modified. Similarly, the application FR 2781427, relates to a device that inserts a chain or a crampon between the tire and the ground. Applications FR 1978009768 and WO 2008/148248 surround the tire of a track held by hoops and rollers fixed to the hub or by a band held by a frame, heavy equipment and which requires lifting the wheel ... Similarly for the application WO 92/18372, which surrounds the tire of a band which, this time, rests on rollers. Applications DE 2262874 and FR 2133150 describe a system of retractable arms, fixed to the chassis or to the wheel, which displaces means of attachment of the type of the tracks.

Application FR 2752 199 describes a device comprising tracks connected to the hub of the wheel by arms and gimbals. Applications EP 1182109 and FR 2578199 describe a preventive device independent of the tire which injects abrasive or non-slip particles under the latter when it is skating. Here again, it is not in Part that the invention belongs. Different and also preventive, requests PCTIJP 03112442, PCT / JP 03/12443 and PCT / JP 03/12/444 describe a multiplicity of means independent of the tire, without contact with it. Among others, compressed air, electric heating, heated liquid ... Their purpose is to act on the slippery floor to form irregularities in front of the tire, all controlled by a central, sensors, cameras ... Again it is not in the art nor the devices to which the invention belongs. In addition, none solves the problem already mentioned of the displacement of heavy vehicles on a fragile surface, except, but that is another subject, the tracked machines or the type of "snowmobiles" or devices permanently attached to the vehicle. wheel.

The invention provides a technical solution to the problems encountered by vehicles having to ride on slippery and / or fragile surfaces: slippage, loss of traction, excessive loads. Compared to the known prior art, it is new. Although mechanical, it is removable, does not change the tire, adds nothing, does not surround it, does not interpose anything between it and the ground, does not require lifting the wheel by an auxiliary lifting means , it slips around the tire, on both sides, leans on it and closes instantly adapting to its size. It uses both the weight of the vehicle that keeps the wheel on the ground, and the fact that a tire that does not have enough grip turns on itself without advancing. As a result, as the tire turns on itself without advancing or advancing, it gives it the grip and traction it lacks by using both its rotation and its push up and down by transmitting on the ground by means other than its support, which is equivalent to the surface of a hand, and increases.

The technique according to the invention uses, at least, two sets, or complementary mechanical systems, each comprising, at least, a rotating or mobile element around at least one axis, the first system, supported on the tire and driven by friction 25 during its rotation, transmitting its movement to the second system, supported on the ground, these systems being movable relative to each other and relative to the vehicle. In a first device, within the first system, supported on the tire, a loop element, the surface of which has a coating with a high coefficient of friction, a so-called "gripping" surface, is held and tensioned by drums and comes press on the front tread of the tire, to be moved, by friction on it, during its rotation. This system transmits this movement to the second system, resting on the fool, in which, at least, another loop element with gripping surface, also held and stretched by drums, is animated with a linear forward movement. . According to the embodiment of the device, the loop strip is made of composite material whose resistance is of a nature to satisfy the concept and comprises a toothed, notched, honeycombed surface, or is of the caterpillar type, consisting of articulated rigid elements. In other versions of the device, the movable element of the first as well as the second drive system is not a loop band but the "gripping" periphery of a bearing, comprising the same high coefficient coating. friction.

The invention allows the vehicle to advance, no longer carried and propelled by its only tires, but with the support and traction complementary to the gripping surface of the second system, much more important, bearing on the bearing surface. The device is usable when the tires do not catch on the ground and skate, to get out this situation, or, preventively, to progress at a reduced speed on a snowy or icy ground. 40 Under the conditions described, the driver, the ambulance driver, the driver ... equip each of the tires of his vehicle connected to the drive axle by sliding the device around the tire, face or side according to its realization, then closing it on him. Note that the closing mode varies according to the embodiments of the device, but it remains instantaneous.

In a first embodiment of the device, the mechanical systems are located in front of the tire and each of them consists of a semi-elliptical section housing comprising the movable drive elements. These are then loop gripping strips held by two rotating drums about their axes crossing perpendicularly their housing, each system having a fixed axis and secured to the frame of the device, and the other mobile and connected to a terminal end. a compressible arm allowing the angular variation one system relative to the other according to the pressure exerted. This angular data is studied so as to provide the system with the optimum contact and pressure between the tread 5 of the tire and the gripping strap, stretched between its drums, one integral with the chassis and the other of the compressible arm.

In this embodiment, the first system transmits its movement to the second system by means of a fixed gear, concentric with the fixed axis of the lower drum, meshing with a corresponding pinion, concentric with the fixed axis of the rear drum of the second. system. The chassis comprises two parallel longitudinal members, each on either side of the tire and the locking of the device on the tire is done by insertion, in a housing of the chassis, of a bearing abutting on the rear of the band rolling of the tire. This latter bearing is free and carried by a telescopic axis whose ends fit into the housing of the chassis. Its diameter is studied so that it also ensures the rear lift and horizontality of the device. The lateral support is ensured by free bearings whose axes, integral with the frame, are inclined at the same time, according to the radii starting from the rotating center of the wheel and the angle formed with the wheel curvature at their points of incidence. . The assembly, the shaft and its bearing, is pushed against the sidewall of the tire by a suitable means, such as a spring.

In a training technique, the surface of the strips is bordered on both sides by an aligned chain transmission or perforation, the same role, whose pitch is that of the teeth of their drums, which engage. In another technique, the rear face of these strips is toothed transversely and the corresponding and longitudinal teeth of the surface of the drums are interlocked, one of the systems driving the other. These teeth are in two parts separated by an interval which fits around a corresponding circumferential relief of the surface of the drums in order to ensure the axial retention of the band, including during changes of direction.

In the second drive assembly, the gripping band, held by its drums, is supported on the ground by the effect of the thrust of the compressible arm integral with the axis of the upper drum of the first set. It is pressed on the ground by an auxiliary means, rotating, like pebbles, or fixed, like a spring-loaded sole. Depending on the nature of the bearing surface, snowy, icy, the coating of this band has notches or asperities likely to cling to the ground, for example, more or less hard and protruding, acting as crampons or pins .

In some situations, aids to both the action and the grounding of the supporting strip are added to the device. One of them is to implement an agent, for example, chemical, participating in the attachment of the band on the ground. Another is to heat the strip or sole that presses it, by emission and / or induction of the microwave, laser, ultrasonic or other type, all means also acting, physically, on snow and ice, at device contact or in front of him.

Another technique of attachment to the ground, especially adapted to smooth and icy surfaces, uses a suction effect. In this, the surface of the strips is thick and has cavities shaped, for example, cells. Depending on the type of vehicle involved and the sophistication of its equipment, two depressive techniques are used. In one of them, the cavities are rigid, open and, when in abutment with the ground, correspond, in any way, with a depressed element. For example, a hollow pressure base, openwork base and provided with peripheral seals, the latter being connected to a dedicated auxiliary vacuum pump, housed in the engine compartment. All these cavities then act as so many suckers as long as they are in contact with both the sole and the ground.

In the other technique, the cavities are sealed and deformable, for example, formed in the thickness a flexible material covering the loop band, and the adhesion of the band by suction effect is due to the pressure crushing them chasing the 40 they contain, these cavities recovering their shape when the pressure ceases.

As needed, the device is protected by a body or a casing, removable or not, which has a front shaped snowplow to remove any obstacles or drifts encountered during its movement. Similarly, according to its type or its variant embodiment, its chassis comprises, at least, an element, fixed or itself actuated by one of the movable elements of the device, which is not directly intended for motor traction. vehicle but to its effectiveness. For example, a brush preventing the accumulation of snow, especially in the notches or cavities.

In an alternative embodiment of the device, the second drive system comprises two lateral gripping strips in abutment with the ground on either side of the tire, internal to housings or lateral compartments of the chassis, or, instead of the sideband described, be, in addition to her and dragged with it. The lower drum of the first set drives the front drum of the second set by an intermediate cylindrical pinion, integral with its extended axis on the other side of the inner wall of the side compartment. The strip of such a device is flexible and continuous and its surface is gripping, for example, by a notch or sipes of the type of those used on tires "thermogomme", or made adherent by one of the means already described .

In another version, the strip is replaced by an element consisting of articulated rigid segments, of the type of the tracks, dis-positive in which the front drum acts as the "sprocket" of the tanks armored assault, the track being pushed to soil, for example, by the pebbles that uses this same technology. The locking of this device on the tire is provided by the same free bearing bearing on the rear of the tire, telescopic and movable axis depending on the size of the tire, notches, housings or other. Its lateral support is ensured by bearings mounted on perpendicular and inclined supports, under pressure on the tire.

In a double drive device, two same sets are symmetrically supported, one on the front tread of the tire, the other on the rear band, one and the other driving the lateral gripping strips. In this case, the axes of the two upper drums are, for example, interconnected by connecting elements and voltage 20 for example, mechanical, by action of a spring and a screw for adjusting and locking the system . Each lower drum directly drives one of the drums of the second set, one before and one behind. The rear locking of the device on the tire is provided by the second drive, movable in the same way by notches or housings, while the lateral locking is performed by the bearing radial bearings already described.

A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention consists in replacing the complementary assemblies and their loop strips by specific pairs of bearings whose axes are integral with the frame and the flanks of the cylindrical gears meshing with each other, according to the invention. for example, an angle of 45 degrees. In this device, the first bearing, rotated by its support on the front tread of the tire, has a high coefficient of friction coating, possibly notched, and its profit, along the vertical axis, is concave to match the drawing of the convex curvature radially connecting the tread of the tire to its flanks. Driven by the first, the second bearing, bearing the ground, has a notch protruding from its tooth flanks, which has a high friction coefficient coating, and its profile, along the vertical axis, is cylindrical.

The device, in its basic embodiment, is simple and maintained on the wheel, both tangentially and laterally, by the pressure exerted by the support of the first concave bearing on the convex front of the tire and a free rolling, on a movable axis notch along the frame, resting on its rear tread. The same bearing, the axis of which is movable in a horizontal groove of the chassis as a function of the pressure of a spring, adjusts the bearing force of the first bearing on the tire. Another free bearing, of the same diameter as the bearing bearing on the ground, ensures the horizontal maintenance of the assembly.

This device, in its preferred embodiment, is double and symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis passing through the center of the wheel, one of the pairs of bearings acting on the front of the tire, and the other on the back. In this case, each bearing torque is secured to a portion of a frame in two parts assembled and movable relative to each other, by any means, to adapt to the size of the tire on which device is mounted. For example, by an interlocking system of a female spar in a male spar and their relative movement by a pinion / rack type mechanism actuated by a crank, also allowing the blocking of the frame under optimal pressure. . This device has several advantages. Because of its automatic lateral support, and even its centering, by inserting the convex front of the bit in the concave part of the first bearing, it does not require a frame with two parallel longitudinal members, each on one side of the tire. In addition, the frame being in two parts separable, disassembled, its size is less.

In another implementation device, the support on the tire is no longer on its tread and in its longitudinal axis, but on its flanks, and therefore with a perpendicular or transverse axis. In this case, the driving of the rotary element of the first set and its associated elements is caused by the rotation, by friction on the tire, of a wheel or a horizontal bearing located in the vertical axis. passing through the center of the wheel. The latter is partly internal to the lateral compartment, the outer portion, whose periphery comprises a high friction coefficient coating, is supported on the sidewall of the tire and driven by him during its rotation.

This bearing is integral with a horizontal and axial gear, for example, conical, and the assembly rotates freely about the same vertical axis, integral with a horizontal return of one of the sides, driving another gear conical corresponding tooth, whose horizontal axis is integral with one of the sides of the compartment. Rotated, this axis transmits it, for example, by a chain transmission, to the axis or pinion, at least, a drum supporting the loop band, or the crawler, resting on the ground. The latter is under pressure, for example, horizontal bearings to leave room for the mechanism. In a variant of the device, the front drum drives the rear drum via a fixed gear transmission and chain or notched band.

This device, like those previously described, comprises two horizontal tangential bearings, one in support and pressure on the front tread of the tire, rotatable on a fixed axis and secured to the chassis, and the other, in support and in pressure on the rear tread, rotating on a removable axis and variable position. For example, mounted on a telescopic axis by compression of a spring or elastic fluid, whose ends are engaged in notches or housing of the chassis corresponding to the diameter of the tire.

The device being supported on the ground by the vertical force directed from top to bottom, resulting from the simultaneous pressure exerted on both sides of the tire, which is proportional to its force and its angle of incidence on the curvature, the height and the pressure The bearing bearing on the rear tire tread is adjusted to suit optimum conditions. For example, by a variable compression spring acting either on one of the bearings bearing or on a movable part of the frame supporting the housing of the axis of the rear bearing.

As said above, in winter situations where vehicles, such as trucks, roll on fragile surfaces such as ice, the device according to the invention is also used to increase the safety of their movements. This is the case in the regions near the Arctic Circle, in North America and Canada, where each winter, to supply isolated diamond mines, nights and days, with hundreds of trucks of sometimes more than sixty tons, travel hundreds of kilometers on roads on frozen lakes. The risks are so great that these trucks follow each other at a minimum distance of eight hundred meters, each traveling at a regulated maximum speed of twenty-five kilometers per hour.

Under these conditions, even if they use axles with several sets of wheels, themselves double and twin wheels, the front wheels are always simple and nothing comes down to the load that weighs on, only, their ground support surface. . Accidents are inevitable and often they are deadly. The device according to the invention, provided with load-adapted belts or side tracks, distributes the load over a much larger area than that of the ground support of these tires, thereby reducing the risks of breaking the load. ice cream.

40 The traction of the vehicle is ensured by the support and the grounding of the driving wheels and the device comprises two parallel bearings, one bearing on the front tread of the tire and the other on the tread. bitter, these being movable symmetrically, in any way, with respect to the vertical axis passing through the center of the wheel. , For example, their axes are toothed ends and moved by a rack / pinion gear, or threaded and engaged on an inverted symmetrical screw, rotated by a suitable device, pneumatic, jack or mechanical and manual , in order to adjust the spacing of the bearings so that the wheel transfers all or part of its weight. In this device, it is however planned to keep, at least, a drive system in case of lack of adhesion of the tire, the support of this system on it being or not engaged by a disengaging means adapted, for example, moving the axis of the rolling frictionally driven on the tire.

In a variant of this same device, the wheels of the vehicle no longer rest on the chassis of said device. The two parallel bearings are then brought closer together by the described mechanism, set in motion, for example, by an axial helical screw actuated by a handle, to engage under the wheel and lift, all keeping the necessary base for the stability of the whole during his travels. The wheel then rotates freely and it is the friction of its tire on the drive unit, tangential or lateral, which drives the strips or tracks in support of the ground, which alone provide the support and traction of the vehicle .

The device according to the invention is available in several sizes depending on the type of vehicle and tire to be equipped, automobiles, coaches, trucks ... It also concerns two-wheeled vehicles and in particular motorcycles and scooters for which it increases the motricity and the stability under the described conditions.

Drawing 1 shows the device (1) in a non-limiting embodiment, mounted on the tire (2) of your wheel (3) of a vehicle (4).

Figure 1: Side view of the device (1) comprising the two complementary drive assemblies (5) (6) in their housings (7), and connected to both the chassis (8) and the compressible arm (9) . The first assembly (5) comprises a loop gripping strip (10) axially bearing on the front tread of the tire. The second assembly (6) comprises another looped band (11) resting on the ground. The movement of the first band is transmitted to the second by a pinion (12) concentric with the axis of the lower drum. Tangential blocking of the device on the tire is provided by a bearing (13) mounted on a shaft (14) secured to the frame (8), resting on its rear tread. This bearing also ensures the ground support of the whole. The lateral locking is due to bearings (15), radial axes, on supports pushed against the wheel by springs (16).

Figure 2: Detail of the device (1) without the housings, showing its operation. The gripping strip (10) bearing on the front tread of the tire is held by an upper drum (17) whose axis (18) is integral with the telescopic arm (9) and a lower drum (19) of which the axis (20) is integral with the frame (8). The gripping strip (11) resting on the ground is held by a front drum (21) whose axis (21) is integral with the telescopic arm (9) and a rear drum (23) whose axis (24) is integral. chassis (8). The axis of the lower drum (20) comprises the pinion (12) transmitting its rotation to the axis (24) of the rear drum (23), each axis comprising a corresponding toothed gear, on both sides of the housing .

Figure 3: Detail of the drive of the gripping band (11) in support of the ground. The toothing of its inner face is in two transverse parts (25) which meshes in that, transverse and peripheral (26) of the drums on ball bearing shaft (27) ball or roller. Its outer face, resting on the ground, is notched (28). The drum is meshing with the toothing of the intermediate gear (12) mounted on the axis of the lower drum of the first set.

Figure 4: Detail of the operation of the band (11) adhering by suction effect. The band supporting the neck (11) comprises a thick and flexible coating (29) in which are formed sealed cavities (30) which deform under a pressure, for example, of pebbles or a sole (31) thrust downwards by a spring (32).

Drawing 2 specifies the device (1) with double gripping strips (10) lateral.

Figure 5: Three-quarter front view of the device (1) positioned around the tire (2), with the elements already described. , The first assembly (5) is pushed against the front tread of the tire by compressible arms (9) resting on the axis of the upper drum (18) of the second set or on the front of the frame (8). On each side, the concentric pinions (12) of the axis (20) of the lower drum (19) drive the drum (21) of the second set (6) contained, with its gripping loop loop (11) or its crawler ground support, in a lateral compartment (33). The rear locking bearing (13) is integral with a telescopic axis (14) engaged in housings (34) of the frame (8).

Figure 6: Side view of the same device (1) with the elements described. Figure 7 View from above of the same device (1) with the elements described.

Drawing 3 specifies the device (1) tangential double drive, with the elements already described.

Figure 8 Side view of a device (1) having two sets of two bearings meshing with each other. One of the bearings (35) bearing on the tread of the tire is convex, and the other, (36), bearing on the ground, is cylindrical and has raised reliefs (37). Each assembly is secured, by its axes on bearings, a portion of the frame (8), each part being rune relative to the other by two assemblable side members, for example, a female (38) and the another male (39) a rack mechanism (40) actuated by a crank (41) also having a locking system of one in the other. Each of the longitudinal members (38) (39) has a bearing (42) whose axis (43) is movable in a horizontal groove and pushed against the tire (2) by any optimum incident radial pressure adjustment mechanism. , hydraulic or spring loaded.

Figure 9 View from above of the same device (1).

Figure 10: Three-quarter front view of the same device (1).

Figure 11: Side view of a device (1) increasing the bearing surface on the ground, with the elements already described. In this version, the tire (2) no longer rests on the ground. li is supported on the two symmetrical bearings (35) whose axes are integral with a carriage (44) movable on an endless screw (45) screw thread symmetrical with respect to its vertical axis. These have been brought closer to each other by the rotation of this screw using, for example, a handle (46), these bearings driving the drums supporting the band loop (11). or the caterpillar in support of the ground.

Drawing 4 relates to the device (1) for lateral drive, by pressing on the sidewalls of the tire (2).

Figure 12: Side view of a device (1) in which the front of the chassis (8) is in the shape of a snowplow (45).

Figure 13: Front three-quarter view of the same device (1) with the elements described. By friction on the tire, the outer portion of the bearing (48) is rotated with its axial and horizontal bevel gear (49), driving another vertical bevel gear (50) whose axis is connected to that of the front drum. causing the looped band (11) supported downwards by two bearings (51) ensuring its tension. These two axes are connected by a chain (52) transmitting rotation from one to the other. The telescopic axis (14) of the rear bearing (13) closing and locking is engaged in a housing (34) of the frame (8) corresponding to the size of the tire.

Figure 14; Side and sectional view of the same device (1) with the elements described. Figure 15: View from above of the same device (1) with the elements described. The invention relates to manufacturers of automotive accessories.

Index 1. The device. 2. The tire. 3. The wheel 4. The vehicle. 5. The first set resting on the tire. 6. The second set in support of the ground, 7. The casings of the sets. 8. The chassis of the device. 9. The compressible telescopic arm. 10. The rotating element of the first set. 11. The rotating element of the second set. 12. The pinion transmitting the rotation to the second set. 13. The locking bearing and rear support. 14. The telescopic axle of the rear bearing. 15. The lateral radial bearing. 16. The pressure spring of the radial bearing. 17. The upper drum of the first set. 18. The axis of the upper drum. 19. The lower drum of the first set. 20. The axis of the lower drum. 21. The front drum of the second set. 22. The axis of the front drum. 23. The rear drum of the second set. 24. The axis of the rear drum. 25. The toothing of the internal face of the gripping band. 26. The peripheral toothing of the drums. 27. The ball bearings of the axes of the drums. 28. The notching of the external face of the gripping band. 29. The flexible and honeycombed coating of the adhesive strip. 30. The cells of the adhering band. 31. The soleplate pushing down the band. 32. The thrust spring on the soleplate. 33. Lateral compartments of bands or caterpillars. 34. The housing of the telescopic axis of the locking bearing. 35. The concave bearing bears against the tire. 36. The cylindrical bearing supported on the ground. 37. The protruding edge of the cylindrical bearing. 38. The female chassis spar. 39. The male spar of the chassis. 40. The rack mechanism for adjusting the longitudinal members. 41. The crank for adjusting and locking the spars. 42. Movable pressure adjustment bearings. 43. The axis of the adjustment bearings. 44. Mobile carriages on the worm. 45. The worm with symmetrical pitch. 46. The handle for moving the trolleys. 47. The front snowplow. 48. The lateral bearing bears against the tire. 49. Horizontal bevel gear. 50. The vertical bevel gear. 51. The rollers of support and tension of the band in support with the ground. 52. Chain drive to front drum.

Claims (10)

Revendications1. Removable device (1) for moving a vehicle equipped with tires on a slippery or fragile surface, characterized in that it comprises, at least two mechanical assemblies (5) and (6) connected by a gear (12) both bearing and movable relative to each other, each of them having, at least, a loop element (10) (11) rotatable about drums (17) (19) (21). ) (23) held by axes, either movable (18) (22) or fixed (20) (24), or at least one cylindrical element (35) (36) (37) (48), elements having an outer surface having a high coefficient of friction and / or notched (28) and / or adhering due to cavities (29) (30) formed within a substrate (29), and an inner face provided with a double gearing (25) meshing into that (26) (27), of at least one intermediate gear (12) (47), these two sets being complementary in that, the rotary element (10) (35) ( 48) of the first assembly (5) bears on the tire (2), that is, in its transverse axis in which case it rests on its flanks, or, in its longitudinal axis in which case it leans on its tread at an optimum angle and height, this support being either direct or held by two drums, one upper (17) movable axis (18) integral with a compressible arm (9), and the other lower (19) fixed axis (20) integral of the frame (8), and that its rotation is transmitted by at least one gear (12) (49) to the axis (24) of the rear drum (23) of the second set (6), now with another drum (21) movable shaft (22) integral with the compressible arm (9), the other rotating element loop (11) and (36) (37) in ground support, continuous and flexible or rigid and articulated , itself notched (28) and / or adherent (29) (30), these elements being integral with a modular frame (8) (38) (39) having adjustment mechanisms (40) (41) and / or weight transfer (44) (45) (46) (47), as well as wheels tangential (13) (34) and lateral (15) (16) holding and locking on and around the tire (2) and the wheel (3), also held on the ground by the weight of the vehicle (4). 2. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises, at least two mechanical systems (5) (6) comprising a loop element (10) (11) whose one face is notched (28). ) and / or adherent (29) (30) the other side having transverse teeth in two parts separated by a space corresponding to the peripheral relief (27), at least a drum rotated by the friction of this element loop or cylindrical on a rotating element (2) (3) maintained on the ground (4). 3. Device (1) according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises, at least two elements with loop surfaces and / or cylindrical bearings (10) (17) (19) (35), movable around pins (18) (20) integral with a frame (8), in pressure on a circular summer (2) (3) in rotation, maintained in said frame, at the same time, by the weight of the vehicle (4) supported by tangential (13) and lateral (15) bearings. 4. Device (1) according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises, at least, a loop element (10) (11) (36) (37) bearing, at the same time, on an element in rotation (2) and on the ground, the outer surface of which is coated with a support comprising asperities, reliefs or notches with a high coefficient of friction. 30 5. Device (1) according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises, at least, a loop element and / or bearings (10) (11) (36) (37) in support, both on a rotating element (2) and on the ground, the outer surface of which is coated with a flexible substrate (29) in the thickness of which are formed cavities (30) subjected, in some way, to a pressure or therm, different from those ambient. 6. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, at least two bearings, one concave (35) and the other cylindrical (36) and notched (37) in overflow, meshed with each other by their toothed flanks and bearing, at the same time, on a rotating element (2) (3) and / or on the ground, these bearings being secured by their axes of a frame modular (8) and assemblable (38) (39) on and around the rotating element (2) (3). 10 7. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, at least, a horizontal cylindrical bearing (48) integral with a bevel gear (49) whose gear is engaged in that of a vertical conical gear (50) connected (51) (52) to the axis (21) of a toothed drum (22) (27) driving a loop (11) of the same toothing (25) bearing against ground. 8. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its frame (8) comprises, at least, a housing (34) in which is engaged a telescopic axis and compressible (14) supporting a bearing (13). ) resting on a rotating element (2) resting on the ground. 9. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, at least two parallel bearings (35) (42) whose axes are integral with carriages provided with threaded cylinders (44), movable on a screw whose pitch is symmetrical relative to its vertical axis (45), this screw being rotated by a device comprising another screw (46) matured, for example, manually. 10. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, at least two parallel bearings (42), each being on an axis (43) held by a horizontal groove in a spar ( 38) (39) and pushed against a rotating circular element (2) (3) by suitable hydraulic or mechanical means.