FR2995396A1 - Thermal storage device, useful in aquifer, comprises heat exchanger placed in well that is clogged by composition including aluminum oxide, where the aluminum oxide is tubular calcined white corundum aluminum oxide in powder form - Google Patents

Thermal storage device, useful in aquifer, comprises heat exchanger placed in well that is clogged by composition including aluminum oxide, where the aluminum oxide is tubular calcined white corundum aluminum oxide in powder form Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2995396A1
FR2995396A1 FR1258452A FR1258452A FR2995396A1 FR 2995396 A1 FR2995396 A1 FR 2995396A1 FR 1258452 A FR1258452 A FR 1258452A FR 1258452 A FR1258452 A FR 1258452A FR 2995396 A1 FR2995396 A1 FR 2995396A1
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aluminum oxide
well
heat exchanger
clogged
powder form
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FR1258452A
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French (fr)
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FR2995396B1 (en
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Denis Nguyen
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BRGM SA
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BRGM SA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
    • C04B14/303—Alumina
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/10—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
    • F24T10/13—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes
    • F24T10/15—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes using bent tubes; using tubes assembled with connectors or with return headers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0052—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using the ground body or aquifers as heat storage medium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00663—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F2013/005—Thermal joints
    • F28F2013/006—Heat conductive materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The device comprises a heat exchanger placed in a well that is clogged by a composition including greater than 99% of aluminum oxide. The aluminum oxide is tubular calcined white corundum aluminum oxide in powder form. The particle size distribution of the aluminum oxide is 70 mu m to 5 mm. The well includes 25-500 kg/m 3> of aluminum oxide. The well has a depth of 5-50 m and volume of 0.3-150 m 3>. The well is blocked only by the composition.

Description

- 1 - DISPOSITIF DE STOCKAGE THERMIQUE EN SOUS-SOL PROCHE HORS D'EAU Domaine technique La présente invention concerne un dispositif de stockage thermique en sous-sol proche hors d'eau. Plus particulièrement, la présente invention concerne un dispositif de stockage thermique en sous-sol proche hors d'eau comprenant un échangeur thermique placé dans un puits caractérisé en ce que ledit puits est colmaté par une composition comprenant de l'oxyde d'aluminium. Actuellement, le géostockage thermique se fait principalement dans des nappes aquifères. Les calories, recueillies en surface, sont utilisées pour chauffer l'eau présente dans la nappe. Ces calories peuvent être ensuite récupérées en temps utiles et utilisées notamment pour le chauffage des habitations.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Technical Field The present invention relates to a thermal storage device in the subsoil close to water. More particularly, the present invention relates to a thermal storage device in the subsoil close to water comprising a heat exchanger placed in a well characterized in that said well is clogged with a composition comprising aluminum oxide. Currently, thermal geostorage is mainly in aquifers. The calories, collected at the surface, are used to heat the water present in the aquifer. These calories can then be recovered in good time and used especially for heating homes.

Toutefois, il existe des zones où les nappes aquifères ne sont pas accessibles et/ou pas utilisables pour le stockage de la chaleur. Alternativement ou complémentairement, on peut également stocker des calories dans des masses rocheuses. Cette technique, appelée géostockage thermique diffusif, met en oeuvre des transferts thermiques avec le massif rocheux encaissant assurés par des échangeurs géothermiques verticaux mis en place dans des forages colmatés. Habituellement, le colmatage des forages est effectué 25 par un matériau argileux mis en place sous forme de coulis remplissant le forage. Le couplage thermique entre l'échangeur géothermique et le massif encaissant est assuré par ce matériau de colmatage. Dans ce cadre, les caractéristiques du couplage thermique sont essentielles 30 pour garantir la puissance d'échange thermique entre l'échangeur thermique et le massif rocheux. Ce couplage BRG 00 2 -FR-1 2 7_TEXTE DEPOSE - 2 - thermique peut même constituer un verrou technique pour une utilisation particulière du géostockage thermique prévoyant des températures de fonctionnement pouvant traverser les températures de changement de phase de l'eau (0°C et 5 100°C), rendant par là même peu sûr sinon excluant tout matériau de colmatage argileux hydraté. Par ailleurs, les échangeurs thermiques classiques (sondes géothermiques verticales) ont toujours eu à être mis en oeuvre en milieu partiellement ou totalement saturé. C'est pourquoi des 10 matériaux argileux imperméable de type bentonite ont été utilisés jusqu'à présent. La présente invention à pour but d'améliorer les dispositifs de stockage thermique en sous-sol proche hors d'eau en proposant un matériau nouveau assurant le couplage 15 du massif rocheux et de l'échangeur thermique. Le dispositif selon l'invention est plus facile et moins onéreux à mettre en place que les dispositifs de l'art antérieur. Par ailleurs, le dispositif selon l'invention présente un rendement supérieur aux rendements 20 observés précédemment. Résumé de l'invention La présente invention concerne un dispositif de stockage thermique en sous-sol proche hors d'eau comprenant 25 un échangeur thermique placé dans un puits remarquable en ce que ledit puits est colmaté par une composition comprenant de l'oxyde d'aluminium. En situation hors d'eau telle que l'envisage le géostockage thermique diffusif, l'oxyde d'aluminium et plus 30 particulièrement l'alumine calcinée et ses dérivés alumine tabulaire et le corindon blanc constituent des matériaux adéquats pour le remplissage du forage d'un échangeur géothermique car : BRG 00 2 -FR-1 2 7_TEXTE DEPOSE - 3 - - la conductivité thermique relativement élevée de l'alumine calcinée (26 à 35 W.m-1.K-1) assure un bon couplage thermique entre l'échangeur géothermique et le massif encaissant. - le caractère inerte du point de vue physique et chimique de l'oxyde d'aluminium dans les conditions thermiques du géostockage permet de conserver dans le temps la qualité du couplage thermique. - l'oxyde d'aluminium possède un impact sanitaire 10 très faible, il est notamment insoluble dans l'eau. - l'oxyde d'aluminium est un produit industriel aisément disponible. Son conditionnement sous forme pulvérulente autorise une mise en oeuvre pneumatique dans les forages. Le comportement au tassement du matériau de 15 remplissage pulvérulent est un critère important dans le choix du type d'oxyde d'aluminium à utiliser. Dans le cadre de la présente invention, le terme « sous-sol proche » fait référence à la fraction du sous-sol compris entre 0 et 50 m.However, there are areas where aquifers are not accessible and / or not suitable for storing heat. Alternatively or additionally, one can also store calories in rock masses. This technique, called diffusive thermal geostorage, implements thermal transfers with the surrounding rock mass assured by vertical geothermal heat exchangers placed in sealed holes. Usually, the clogging of the holes is carried out by a clay material placed in the form of grout filling the borehole. The thermal coupling between the geothermal heat exchanger and the solid mass is ensured by this clogging material. In this context, the characteristics of the thermal coupling are essential to guarantee the heat exchange power between the heat exchanger and the rock mass. This coupling BRG 00 2 -EN-1 2 7_TEXTE REMOVAL - 2 - thermal may even constitute a technical lock for a particular use of thermal geostocking providing operating temperatures that can pass through the phase change temperatures of the water (0 ° C and 100 ° C), thereby making it insecure if not excluding any hydrated clay clogging material. Furthermore, conventional heat exchangers (vertical geothermal probes) have always had to be implemented in partially or totally saturated medium. This is why impervious bentonite clay materials have been used so far. The object of the present invention is to improve the thermal storage devices in the subsoil near out of water by proposing a new material ensuring the coupling of the rock mass and the heat exchanger. The device according to the invention is easier and less expensive to set up than the devices of the prior art. Furthermore, the device according to the invention has a higher efficiency than the previously observed efficiencies. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a near subsurface thermal storage device comprising a heat exchanger placed in a well characterized in that said well is sealed with a composition comprising aluminum. In an out-of-water situation as contemplated by diffusive thermal geostocking, aluminum oxide and more particularly calcined alumina and its tabular alumina derivatives and white corundum are suitable materials for filling the borehole. a geothermal heat exchanger because: BRG 00 2 -EN-1 2 7_TEXTE REMOVAL - 3 - - the relatively high thermal conductivity of the calcined alumina (26 to 35 Wm-1.K-1) ensures a good thermal coupling between the heat exchanger geothermal and the massive mountains. the inert nature of the physical and chemical point of view of aluminum oxide under the thermal conditions of geostocking makes it possible to preserve the quality of the thermal coupling over time. aluminum oxide has a very low health impact, it is particularly insoluble in water. aluminum oxide is a readily available industrial product. Its packaging in powder form allows a pneumatic implementation in the boreholes. The settling behavior of the pulverulent filler material is an important criterion in the choice of the type of aluminum oxide to be used. In the context of the present invention, the term "near subsoil" refers to the fraction of the subsoil between 0 and 50 m.

20 Dans le cadre de la présente invention, le terme « hors d'eau » fait référence au fait que ledit puits n'est pas en contact avec une nappe aquifère. Dans le cadre de la présente invention, le terme « échangeur thermique » fait référence à un dispositif 25 enterrée faisant circuler sans échange de matière avec le sous-sol un fluide caloporteur, avec comme objectif un transfert thermique diffusif entre le fluide caloporteur et le sol-sol encaissant la conduite enterrée. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ledit échangeur thermique consiste 30 en un échangeur géothermique choisis dans le groupe comprenant les échangeurs simple U, les échangeurs géothermiques double U, les échangeurs géothermiques coaxial, les échangeurs géothermiques spirale, les échangeurs thermiques en cuve. BRG 00 2 -FR-1 2 7_TEXTE DEPOSE - 4 - Ainsi, selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, ladite composition comprend plus de 95% d'oxyde d'aluminium. Selon un mode de réalisation encore plus préféré de l'invention, ladite composition comprend plus de 99% d'oxyde d'aluminium. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, ledit oxyde d'aluminium est sous la forme d'alumine calcinée. Selon un autre mode de réalisation préféré de 10 l'invention, ledit oxyde d'aluminium est sous la forme de corindon blanc. Selon un autre mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, ledit oxyde d'aluminium est sous la forme d'alumine tabulaire.In the context of the present invention, the term "out of water" refers to the fact that said well is not in contact with an aquifer. In the context of the present invention, the term "heat exchanger" refers to a buried device circulating without exchange of material with the subsoil a heat transfer fluid, with the objective of diffusive heat transfer between the coolant and the soil -sol surrounding the buried pipe. According to a preferred embodiment, said heat exchanger consists of a geothermal heat exchanger chosen from the group consisting of single U exchangers, double U geothermal exchangers, coaxial geothermal exchangers, spiral geothermal exchangers, and tank heat exchangers. Thus, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said composition comprises more than 95% of aluminum oxide. According to an even more preferred embodiment of the invention, said composition comprises more than 99% of aluminum oxide. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said aluminum oxide is in the form of calcined alumina. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, said aluminum oxide is in the form of white corundum. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, said aluminum oxide is in the form of tabular alumina.

15 Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, ledit oxyde d'aluminium est sous une forme pulvérulente. Selon un mode de réalisation encore plus préféré de l'invention ledit oxyde d'aluminium à une distribution granulométrique comprise entre 70pm et 5.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said aluminum oxide is in a powder form. According to an even more preferred embodiment of the invention, said aluminum oxide has a particle size distribution of between 70 μm and 5 μm.

20 Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, ledit puits comprend entre 25 et 500 kg/m3 d'oxyde d'aluminium. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, ledit puits à une profondeur comprise entre 5 et 50m.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said well comprises between 25 and 500 kg / m 3 of aluminum oxide. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said well at a depth of between 5 and 50m.

25 Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, ledit puits à un volume compris entre 0.3 et 150m3. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, ledit puits est colmaté uniquement par ladite composition.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said well has a volume of between 0.3 and 150 m 3. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said well is clogged only by said composition.

30 Brève description des dessins La figure 1 présente une vue schématique d'un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention. BRG 00 2 -FR-1 2 7_TEXTE DEPOSE - 5 - Description des modes de réalisation En référence à la figure 1, un puits 2 selon les étapes suivantes : (a) un puits est creusé à l'aide d'une machine de 5 forage dans le sous-sol proche hors d'eau ; (b) un échangeur thermique est disposé dans le puits ; (c) l'alumine calcinée pulvérulente est mise en place dans le puits par transport pneumatique dans le but de 10 colmater ce puits et d'assurer une continuité thermique entre l'échangeur thermique et le sous-sol encaissant le puits ; (d) l'échangeur thermique est rempli du fluide caloporteur ; 15 (e) le fluide caloporteur est mis en circulation, rendant le dispositif opérationnel pour le stockage thermique. BRG 00 2 -FR-1 2 7_TEXTE DEPOSEBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention. BRG 00 2 -EN-1 2 7_TEXTE REMOVAL - 5 - DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIG. 1, a well 2 according to the following steps: (a) a well is dug by means of a machine 5 drilling in the basement close to water; (b) a heat exchanger is disposed in the well; (c) pulverized calcined alumina is placed in the well by pneumatic transport in order to seal this well and to provide thermal continuity between the heat exchanger and the subsoil surrounding the well; (d) the heat exchanger is filled with the heat transfer fluid; (E) the coolant is circulated, making the device operational for thermal storage. BRG 00 2 -EN-1 2 7_TEXT REMOVAL

Claims (12)

REVENDICATIONS1. Dispositif de stockage thermique en sous-sol proche hors d'eau comprenant un échangeur thermique placé dans un puits caractérisé en ce que ledit puits est colmaté 5 par une composition comprenant de l'oxyde d'aluminium.REVENDICATIONS1. Thermal storage device in the near-water basement comprising a heat exchanger placed in a well characterized in that said well is clogged with a composition comprising aluminum oxide. 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que ladite composition comprend plus de 95% d'oxyde d'aluminium. 102. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that said composition comprises more than 95% aluminum oxide. 10 3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que ladite composition comprend plus de 99% d'oxyde d'aluminium. 153. Device according to claim 2 characterized in that said composition comprises more than 99% aluminum oxide. 15 4. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que ledit oxyde d'aluminium est sous la forme d'alumine calcinée.4. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that said aluminum oxide is in the form of calcined alumina. 5. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé 20 en ce que ledit oxyde d'aluminium est sous la forme de corindon blanc.5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said aluminum oxide is in the form of white corundum. 6. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que ledit oxyde d'aluminium est sous la forme 25 d'alumine tabulaire.6. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that said aluminum oxide is in the form of tabular alumina. 7. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que ledit oxyde d'aluminium est sous une forme pulvérulente. 307. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that said aluminum oxide is in a powder form. 30 8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7 caractérisé en ce que ledit oxyde d'aluminium à une distribution granulométrique comprise entre 70pm et 5 mm. BRG 00 2 -FR-1 2 7_TEXTE DEPOSE-7-8. Device according to claim 7 characterized in that said aluminum oxide has a particle size distribution between 70pm and 5 mm. BRG 00 2 -EN-1 2 7_TEXT REMOVAL-7- 9. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que ledit puits comprend entre 25 et 500 kg/m3 d'oxyde d'aluminium.9. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that said well comprises between 25 and 500 kg / m3 of aluminum oxide. 10. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que ledit puits à une profondeur comprise entre 5m et 50m.10. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that said well at a depth between 5m and 50m. 11. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que ledit puits à un volume compris entre 0.3m3 et 150m3.11. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that said well at a volume between 0.3m3 and 150m3. 12. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé 15 en ce que en ce que ledit puits est colmaté uniquement par ladite composition. BRG 00 2 -FR-1 2 7_TEXTE DEPOSE12. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that said well is clogged only by said composition. BRG 00 2 -EN-1 2 7_TEXT REMOVAL
FR1258452A 2012-09-10 2012-09-10 THERMAL STORAGE DEVICE IN NEAR SOIL CLOSE OUT OF WATER. Active FR2995396B1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060048682A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 The University Of Chicago Chemically bonded phosphate ceramic sealant formulations for oil field applications
WO2007000500A1 (en) * 2005-06-27 2007-01-04 Gypsmix Sarl Granular composition comprising an anhydrite iii hydraulic binder and an alumina-based granular material
CA2639090A1 (en) * 2008-08-15 2010-02-15 Scott Gardiner Geothermal grout having enhanced thermal conductivity
JP2011007395A (en) * 2009-06-24 2011-01-13 Ohbayashi Corp Underground heat exchanger and filler

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060048682A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 The University Of Chicago Chemically bonded phosphate ceramic sealant formulations for oil field applications
WO2007000500A1 (en) * 2005-06-27 2007-01-04 Gypsmix Sarl Granular composition comprising an anhydrite iii hydraulic binder and an alumina-based granular material
CA2639090A1 (en) * 2008-08-15 2010-02-15 Scott Gardiner Geothermal grout having enhanced thermal conductivity
JP2011007395A (en) * 2009-06-24 2011-01-13 Ohbayashi Corp Underground heat exchanger and filler

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 201106, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2011-A56886, XP002697660 *

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