FR3133902A1 - Thermal energy management system to regulate the temperature of a structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal energy management system (1) intended to regulate the temperature of a structure (3) and comprising an energy storage means (2) and a heat transfer device (4) intended transferring heat between the energy storage means (2) and the structure (3) to regulate the temperature of the structure (3) and the energy storage means (2). The management system includes a thermal system (5) in fluid communication with the heat transfer device and configured to supply calories to the heat transfer device or receive calories from the heat transfer device to regulate the temperature of the structure and the energy storage means, the thermal system having a temperature varying less than the temperature of the structure (3) and less than the temperature of the energy storage means (2). Figure 2

Description

Thermal energy management system to regulate the temperature of a structure Technical field of the invention

The invention relates, generally, to the technical field of thermal energy management systems intended to regulate the temperature of a structure, an installation comprising such a system and a thermal energy management method.

The invention relates more specifically to thermal energy management systems for regulating the temperature of structures such as houses, buildings or buildings, for example.

State of the prior art

It is known to use storage batteries in structures, such as buildings or houses, which are recharged by photovoltaic systems or wind turbines, to power electrical appliances and reduce the dependence of the structure on the electrical network.

This makes it possible to consume more ecological electrical energy and to use it according to the energy needs of the structure.

If the energy consumption is less than the generation of the photovoltaic systems or wind turbines, the excess energy is stored in the battery to be used at a later time when the energy consumption is greater than the energy generation.

Local battery storage systems are also used in hospitals to compensate for central power outages.

Generally speaking, batteries release heat when they discharge.

For example, there are high temperature storage batteries used in thermal, solar or wind power plants to increase their flexibility. High temperature batteries, which have a high operating temperature of at least 150°C, especially at least 260°C, have a highly exothermic chemical discharge reaction, which releases at least one fifth of the energy stored as heat, especially at high discharge rates.

Storage batteries, whether high temperature or not, include a cooling system to evacuate excess heat.

The evacuation solutions that exist today are above ground solutions. This energy is extracted via a heat exchanger to be released into nature without being reused.

Document WO201507603 describes an installation comprising a high temperature battery as well as a cooling system circulating a heat transfer fluid from the high temperature battery to a heat consumer of a building to evacuate calories from the high temperature battery.

However, the efficiency of this installation is not optimized because the energy performance is not constant throughout the year and depends on the outside temperature as well as the temperature of the battery which varies depending on its use.

The invention aims to remedy all or part of the drawbacks of the state of the art by proposing in particular a thermal energy management system making it possible to obtain constant energy performance throughout the year whatever the temperature. exterior and the temperature of the energy storage means.

To do this, according to a first aspect of the invention, a thermal energy management system is proposed intended to regulate the temperature of a structure and comprising an energy storage means intended to supply the structure with energy and a heat transfer device in fluid communication with the energy storage means and the structure for transferring heat between the energy storage means and the structure to regulate the temperature of the structure and the energy storage means energy.

The thermal energy management system includes a thermal system in fluid communication with the heat transfer device. The thermal system is configured to supply calories to the heat transfer device or dissipate calories from the heat transfer device to regulate the temperature of the structure and the energy storage means. The thermal system has temperature variations lower than the temperature variations of the structure and the energy storage means.

The temperature of the thermal system varies little and is almost constant all year round. The temperature of the thermal system varies by less than 5°C and preferably by less than 3°C.

According to one embodiment, the thermal system is a geothermal system buried in the ground.

According to another embodiment, the heat transfer device comprises a heat pump.

According to another embodiment, the heat transfer device is connected to a thermal regulation system of the structure, to a cooling system of the energy storage means and to the thermal system by conduits in which a fluid circulates. The thermal energy management system includes at least one pump to circulate the liquid in the conduits.

According to another embodiment, the thermal energy management system comprises a control device connected to at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature in the structure, to at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature in the means energy storage and at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature in the thermal system. The control device controls the heat transfer device according to the measured temperatures.

The invention also relates to a thermal energy management installation comprising a structure and a thermal energy management system as defined above and in fluid communication with the structure.

The invention also relates to a thermal energy management method in which an exchange of calories is carried out between an energy storage means, a structure and a thermal system by a heat transfer device to regulate the temperature of the structure and the means of energy storage.

According to one embodiment, the thermal energy management method comprises, when the temperature of the energy storage means is lower than a first minimum threshold temperature, an initialization step in which the heat transfer device transfers heat from the thermal system to the energy storage means to heat it until it reaches at least the first minimum threshold temperature.

According to another embodiment, when the minimum threshold temperature is reached, the heat transfer device transfers calories from the thermal system and from the energy storage means towards the structure to heat the structure, the storage means d energy being in operation to power at least one device.

According to another embodiment, the heat transfer device transfers heat from the energy storage means and from the structure to the thermal system to cool the structure and the energy storage means when the temperature of the means energy storage is greater than a first maximum threshold temperature and when the temperature of the structure is greater than a second maximum threshold temperature.

The thermal system is at a constant temperature all year round, allowing the thermal energy management system to present constant energy performance throughout the year, whatever the season and regardless of the outside temperature and temperature of the energy storage means.

The invention also makes it possible to recover the calories from the cooling system of the energy storage means to heat a building, for example.

The thermal system makes it possible to maximize efficiency throughout the year and considerably reduce the energy consumption of the heat transfer device.

It is possible to produce heat in winter and also cold in summer. The heat transfer device is therefore reversible.

It is also possible to automatically or manually control the heat transfer device depending on the uses, users and needs of the structure but also the means of energy storage.

The invention makes it possible to cool or heat the energy storage means depending on its operating state, optimizing its performance.

Thermal regulation of the energy storage means thus makes it possible to increase its lifespan because it can be heated more quickly during a cold start and thus operate in a temperature range optimizing its electrical performance, for example.

According to the prior art, to optimize the efficiency of the energy storage means, it was necessary to heat it then thermally stabilize it, which resulted in additional energy costs.

The invention therefore makes it possible to reduce energy costs and further reduce the impact of energy consumption on the environment.

brief description of the figures

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the description which follows, with reference to the appended figures, which illustrate:
: a view of a thermal energy management installation comprising a thermal energy management system applying an initialization step to an energy storage means;
: a view of the thermal energy management installation when the thermal energy management system heats a structure and the energy storage means;
: a view of the thermal energy management installation when the thermal energy management system cools the structure and the energy storage means;
: a graph representing the work of a heat transfer device as a function of the power dissipated by the energy storage means;
: a graph representing the energy cost per year to heat or cool the structure as a function of the power dissipated by the energy storage means.

For greater clarity, identical or similar elements are identified by identical reference signs throughout the figures.

DETAILED description of an embodiment

Figures 1 at 3 illustrate a view of a thermal energy management installation 6 comprising a thermal energy management system 1 intended to regulate the temperature of a structure 3.

Structure 3 can be a house, a building or a building, for example.

The thermal energy management system 1 comprises an energy storage means 2 and a heat transfer device 4 for exchanging heat between the energy storage means 2 and the structure 3 to regulate the temperature of the structure 3 and the energy storage means 2.

Preferably, the thermal energy management system 1 is an adiabatic system.

The energy storage means 2 is in fluidic and thermal communication with the heat transfer device 4. The heat transfer device 4 is in fluidic and thermal communication with the structure 3.

The energy storage means 2 may be a battery or a battery pack comprising battery modules containing at least one electrochemical cell. The energy storage means 2 can also be a fuel cell or a flywheel or an electrolytic store, for example.

The energy storage means 2 comprises a cooling system in which air or a heat transfer fluid (gas or liquid) circulates.

In the rest of the text, an example is given for a battery 7 as a means of storing energy 2.

Battery 7 is recharged by photovoltaic systems or wind turbines, for example, to power electrical devices of structure 3.

If the electrical energy consumption is less than the generation of the photovoltaic systems or wind turbines, the excess electrical energy is stored in the battery 7 to be used at a later time when the electrical energy consumption is higher than the generation of 'electric energy.

When battery 7 provides electrical energy, it generates thermal energy due to chemical reactions inside battery 7.

The battery 7 can be positioned inside or outside the structure 3.

This thermal energy is dissipated by the cooling system of the battery 7 and is transmitted to the heat transfer device 4 if necessary.

The heat transfer device 4 is preferably a heat pump 8.

The heat pump 8 is a pumping device for transferring thermal energy from a low temperature medium (cold source) to a high temperature medium (hot source). This device therefore makes it possible to reverse the natural direction of the spontaneous transfer of thermal energy.

Depending on the direction of the pumping device, the heat pump 8 can be considered as a heating system, if it is desired to increase the temperature of the hot source, or a refrigeration system, if it is desired to lower the temperature. temperature of the cold source.

The heat pump 8 is therefore a reversible system.

The thermal energy management system 1 comprises a thermal system 5 in fluidic and thermal communication with the heat transfer device 4. The heat transfer device 4 receives heat (or calories) from the thermal system 5 or transmits heat (or calories) to the thermal system 5 to regulate the temperature of the structure 3 and the energy storage means 2.

Thermal system 5 presents an almost constant temperature all year round. The temperature of the thermal system 5 varies very little and varies less than the temperature of the structure 3 and the temperature of the energy storage means 2.

Preferably, the thermal system 5 is a geothermal system buried in the ground.

Thermal system 5 can be a Canadian well buried in the ground.

The earth, two meters deep, has a practically constant temperature throughout the year. It varies between 10°C and 18°C depending on the season, while the outside air can vary from -5°C to +35°C in most French climates, for example.

The temperature of thermal system 5 varies by a maximum of 5°C between winter and summer. Preferably, the temperature of the thermal system 5 varies by 3°C maximum between winter and summer.

Structure 3 includes a thermal regulation system comprising radiators, for example, and making it possible to bring calories into structure 3 or to remove them.

The heat transfer device 4 is connected to the thermal regulation system of the structure 3, to the cooling system of the energy storage means 2 and to the thermal system 5 by conduits in which a fluid such as a heat transfer liquid circulates.

The thermal energy management system 1 comprises at least a first conduit connecting the energy storage means 2 to the heat transfer device 4, at least a second conduit connecting the thermal system 5 to the heat transfer device 4, and at least a third conduit connecting the structure 3 to the heat transfer device 4.

The thermal energy management system 1 includes at least one pump for circulating the heat transfer liquid through the conduits.

The thermal energy management system 1 can include three separate pumps associated with each of the conduits.

Preferably, the thermal energy management system 1 comprises a first hot flow conduit connecting the thermal system 5 to the heat transfer device 4, a second hot flow conduit connecting the energy storage means 2 to the heat transfer device heat transfer 4 and a third hot flow conduit connecting the heat transfer device 4 to the structure 3.

The thermal energy management system 1 comprises a first cold flow conduit connecting the thermal system 5 to the heat transfer device 4, a second cold flow conduit connecting the energy storage means 2 to the heat transfer device 4 and a third cold flow conduit connecting the heat transfer device 4 to the structure 3.

Alternatively, the thermal energy management system 1 includes valves or flaps in each conduit to close or open the conduits.

The thermal energy management system 1 comprises a control device connected to at least one temperature sensor measuring the temperature in the structure 3, at least one temperature sensor measuring the temperature in the energy storage means 2 and to least one temperature sensor measuring the temperature in the thermal system 5.

The control device is a centralized control device which makes it possible to automatically manage the temperature needs of the structure 3 and also of the energy storage means 2.

Depending on the temperature measured by the temperature sensors placed in structure 3, the control device controls the heat transfer device 4 so that it provides or withdraws thermal energy from structure 3.

Valves and pumps are preferably controlled by the control device.

The invention also relates to a thermal energy management method.

According to one embodiment, the thermal energy management method comprises an initialization step.

When the temperature of the energy storage means 2 is lower than a first minimum threshold temperature, the heat transfer device 4 transfers heat from the thermal system 5 to the energy storage means 2 to heat the means of energy storage 2 until the energy storage means 2 reaches at least the first minimum threshold temperature.

According to an embodiment illustrated on the , the first minimum threshold temperature is a limit temperature below which the battery 7 does not operate normally or optimally.

In order for battery 7 to perform at its best, without degrading its durability, it is important to check that it is at a temperature between 15°C and 25°C.

If this is not the case, the first step in the thermal energy management process is the initialization step.

Thus, if the temperature of battery 7 is too low and it is lower than a first minimum threshold temperature of 15°C, for example, the initialization step is applied.

Once this first minimum threshold temperature has been reached, the battery 7 can power electrical devices according to the needs of the users.

According to a preferred variant, during the initialization step, the heat transfer device 4 also transfers heat from the thermal system 5 to the structure 3 to heat it until it reaches at least a second minimum threshold or minimum setpoint temperature.

Alternatively, during the initialization step, only battery 7 is heated.

During the initialization step, the heat pump 8 draws thermal energy from the thermal system 5 in order to heat the battery 7, on the one hand, so that it reaches its optimal operating temperature and to heat the structure 3 when the temperature of structure 3 is lower than the second minimum threshold temperature.

On the , a first flow of hot fluid 9, represented by a first solid arrow, transfers thermal energy from the thermal system 5 which is a geothermal system in this case, to the heat pump 8.

A second flow of hot fluid 10, represented by a second solid arrow, transfers thermal energy from the heat pump 8 to the battery 7 to heat it.

A third flow of hot fluid 11, represented by a third solid arrow, transfers thermal energy from the heat pump 8 to the structure 3, which is a house in this example.

In parallel, a first flow of cold fluid 12, represented by a first dotted arrow, removes calories from the heat pump 8 and transmits a flow of cold fluid to the thermal system 5.

A second flow of cold fluid 13, represented by a second dotted arrow, removes calories from the battery 7 and transmits a flow of cold fluid to the heat pump 8.

A third flow of cold fluid 14, represented by a third dotted arrow, removes calories from the structure 3 and transmits a flow of cold fluid to the heat pump 8.

Thus, the thermal system 5 makes it possible to heat the battery 7 more quickly so that it is in optimal operating mode.

When battery 7 powers electrical devices, it produces heat by the Joule effect (losses). In order to preserve the durability of the battery 7, it is important to keep it within the optimal operating temperature range and not to exceed a first maximum threshold temperature, of 25°C for example.

For this, the battery 7 includes a cooling system or circuit which aims to evacuate the heat produced by the battery 7. This heat is transferred to the structure 3 by the heat pump 8.

In order to maximize yields, the heat pump 8 can also draw calories from the thermal system 5 in order to recover as much thermal energy as possible.

The calories from battery 7 and the calories from thermal system 5 are then transferred to structure 3 by heat pump 8.

In the example of the , as in the example of , the first flow of hot fluid 9, represented by a first solid arrow, transfers thermal energy from the thermal system 5 to the heat pump 8.

The third flow of hot fluid 11, represented by a third solid arrow, transfers thermal energy from the heat pump 8 to the structure 3 which is a house in this example.

In parallel, the first flow of cold fluid 12, represented by a first dotted arrow, removes calories from the heat pump 8 and transmits a flow of cold fluid to the thermal system 5.

The third flow of cold fluid 14, represented by a third dotted arrow, removes calories from the structure 3 and transmits a flow of cold fluid to the heat pump 8.

Compared to the initialization step, the difference is that a fourth flow of hot fluid 10', represented by a fourth solid arrow, transfers thermal energy from the battery 7 to the heat pump 8 and no longer from heat pump 8 to battery 7.

Likewise, a fourth flow of cold fluid 13', represented by a fourth dotted arrow, removes calories from the heat pump and transmits a flow of cold fluid to the battery 7.

The calories from the battery 7 and the thermal system 5 are thus used and transferred to the structure 3 by the heat pump 8.

According to another embodiment, the thermal energy management system 1 is used to cool the structure 3 and/or the energy storage means 2 using the thermal system 5 which captures calories to the transfer device heat setting 4, as shown in the .

The thermal energy management method may include a hot initialization step in which the heat transfer device 4 transfers heat from the energy storage means 2 to the thermal system 5 to cool the storage means energy 2 and lower its temperature below the first maximum threshold temperature, by 25°C for example. This is the temperature below which the operation of the energy storage means 2 is optimal.

Once this first maximum threshold temperature is reached, the heat transfer device 4 transfers heat from the energy storage means 2 and from the structure 3 to the thermal system 5 to cool the structure 3 and the storage means d energy 2 when the temperature of the energy storage means 2 is greater than the first maximum threshold temperature and when the temperature of the structure 3 is greater than a second maximum threshold temperature.

Alternatively, only structure 3 can be cooled.

On the , a fifth flow of hot fluid 15, represented by a fifth solid arrow, transfers thermal energy from structure 3 to heat pump 8.

A sixth flow of hot fluid 16, represented by a sixth solid arrow, transfers thermal energy from the battery 7 to the heat pump 8.

A seventh flow of hot fluid 17, represented by a seventh solid arrow, transfers thermal energy from the heat pump 8 to the thermal system 5.

In parallel, a fifth flow of cold fluid 18, represented by a fifth dotted arrow, removes calories from the heat pump 8 and transmits a flow of cold fluid to structure 3.

A sixth flow of cold fluid 19, represented by a sixth dotted arrow, removes calories from the heat pump 8 and transmits a flow of cold fluid to the battery 7.

A seventh flow of cold fluid 20, represented by a seventh dotted arrow, removes calories from the thermal system 5 and transmits a flow of cold fluid to the heat pump 8.

The graph of the illustrates a first straight line 21 representing the work of a heat transfer device 4 as a function of the power dissipated by the energy storage means 2.

The abscissa 22 represents the power dissipated by the energy storage means 2 and the ordinate 23 represents the work of the heat transfer device 4.

The graph shows that the first straight line 21 has a negative slope and therefore that the more the energy storage means 2 releases heat, the less the heat transfer device 4 needs to work.

The graph of the illustrates a second straight line 24 representing the energy cost per year for regulating the temperature of the structure 3 as a function of the power dissipated by the energy storage means 2.

The abscissa 25 represents the power dissipated by the energy storage means 2 and the ordinate 26 represents the energy cost in euros per year.

The graph shows that the second straight line 24 has a negative slope and therefore that the more the energy storage means 2 releases heat, the more the power required to operate the system decreases, and therefore the more the energy cost decreases and the more the The amortization is rapid.

Naturally, the invention is described in the above by way of example. It is understood that those skilled in the art are able to carry out different variants of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention.

It is emphasized that all the characteristics, as they emerge for a person skilled in the art from the present description, the drawings and the attached claims, even if concretely they have only been described in relation to other specified characteristics, both individually and in any combinations, may be combined with other characteristics or groups of characteristics disclosed herein, provided that this has not been expressly excluded or that technical circumstances make such combinations impossible or devoid of sense.

Claims (10)

Thermal energy management system (1) intended to regulate the temperature of a structure (3) and comprising energy storage means (2) intended to supply the structure (3) with energy and a heat transfer device heat (4) in fluid communication with the energy storage means (2) and the structure (3) to transfer heat between the energy storage means (2) and the structure (3) to regulate the temperature of the structure (3) and of the energy storage means (2), characterized in that it comprises a thermal system (5) in fluid communication with the heat transfer device (4), the thermal system ( 5) being configured to supply calories to the heat transfer device (4) or dissipate calories from the heat transfer device (4) to regulate the temperature of the structure (3) and of the energy storage means (2 ), the thermal system (5) having temperature variations lower than the temperature variations of the structure (3) and the energy storage means (2). Thermal energy management system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal system (5) is a geothermal system buried in the ground. Thermal energy management system (1) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat transfer device (4) comprises a heat pump (8). Thermal energy management system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat transfer device (4) is connected to a thermal regulation system of the structure (3), to a system for cooling the energy storage means (2) and the thermal system (5) by conduits in which a fluid circulates, the thermal energy management system (1) comprising at least one pump for circulating the liquid in the pipes. Thermal energy management system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a control device connected to at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature in the structure (3) , at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature in the energy storage means (2) and at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature in the thermal system (5), the control device controlling the device heat transfer (4) as a function of the measured temperatures. Thermal energy management installation (6) characterized in that it comprises a structure (3) and a thermal energy management system (1) as defined according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in communication fluidic with the structure (3). Thermal energy management method characterized in that it implements a thermal energy management system (1) as defined according to any one of claims 1 to 6, an exchange of calories being carried out between a means energy storage (2), a structure (3) and a thermal system (5) by a heat transfer device (4) to regulate the temperature of the structure (3) and of the energy storage means ( 2). Thermal energy management method according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises, when the temperature of the energy storage means (2) is lower than a first minimum threshold temperature, an initialization step in which the heat transfer device (4) transfers heat from the thermal system (5) to at least the energy storage means (2) to heat it until it reaches at least the first minimum threshold temperature . Thermal energy management method according to claim 8, characterized in that, when the minimum threshold temperature is reached, the heat transfer device (4) transfers calories from the thermal system (5) and from the storage means energy (2) towards the structure (3) to heat the structure (3), the energy storage means (2) being in operation to power at least one device. Thermal energy management method according to claim 7, characterized in that the heat transfer device (4) transfers heat from the energy storage means (2) and from the structure (3) to the system thermal (5) for cooling the structure (3) and the energy storage means (2) when the temperature of the energy storage means (2) is greater than a first maximum threshold temperature and when the temperature of the structure (3) is greater than a second maximum threshold temperature.