GB201190A - Improvements in the method of and in apparatus for expressing oil or other liquid from vegetable or other substances - Google Patents

Abstract

201,190. Culley, A. E. Jan. 27, 1922. Fats and fatty oils, extracting by pressure. - In presses in which a band or bands pass under tension round a roller and the pressure is supplemented by nipping the band or bands between the roller and one or more other rollers, the surfaces of the bands and rollers are imperforate, and the seeds &c. are fed only to the middle third or so of the bands so that the expressed oil or other liquid is forced to the edges of the belts and is strained or filtered through the space between the edges of the belts or of the belt and the roller. In the preferred apparatus a belt D of sheet steel passes round relatively adjustable rollers B, A, C, and the seed, fed continuously from a hopper E, is compressed between the belt D and roller A. At the part G the pressure is supplemented bv that of the roller C so that the material spreads as indicated roughly in Fig. 6. The oil K<1> is removed from the belt by inclined scrapers M the fully-compressed material H<1> by a scraper P, while the mixed oil and meal H<3>, H<2> pass round with the belt and are deflected to the centre by scrapers Q for recompression. The oil K<1> adhering to the roller A is removed by scrapers M<1>, the oil-freed meal H' by a scraper P<1> so as to fall on to the meal H<1> on the band D and be secured by the scraper P, and the mixed oil and meal H<3>, H<2> is deflected to the centre by scrapers Q<1> for recompression. In a modified apparatus shown in Fig. 8, the line 1, 2 joining the axes of the rollers B, A, C is inclined at about 45‹, the pressure is further supplemented by that of rollers R, S, and the rollers C, R, S are adjustable to and from the roller A, the spindles c , r, s<1> on which the rollers revolve having eccentric ends c<3>, r<3>, s<3> carried in blocks c<2>, r<2>, s<2> to which pairs of arms J<3>, J<1>, J' pivoted on the spindle a<1> are removably fitted. The rollers C, R, S may be adjusted simultaneously by securing a lever to each eccentric end c<3>, r<3>, s<3>, and connecting the levers by rods to a disc which is pivoted on the spindle a<1> and may be turned as desired. By interposing springs between the levers and nuts on the ends of the rods the initial position of the rollers may be adjusted separately. To enable the band D to be removed from this modified apparatus the side frame w<1> is supported from the base-plate W by removable distance-pieces V. When these are removed the frame hangs on studs N<1>, N<2>, N <3>, and the band may be slid off the rollers when the arms J<1>, J<2>, J<3> are removed from the blocks c<2>, r<2>, s<2> and swung upwards. A modification in which two belts D<2>, D<3> are used is shown in Fig. 1. In all forms of the device the belts and rollers may be driven independently or together, or drive each other, and the rollers may be driven at different speeds. The pressure between the roller and the peripheral portions of the belt may be made greater than that in the centre by hammering or rolling the centre to lengthen it, or by strengthening the edges of the belt as by thickening or by using additional belts at the edges, or the belt may be made concave or convex in cross-section on one or both sides, or the rollers may have surfaces slightly concave in cross-section. The rollers, belts, and seeds may be heated. Means may also be provided for evaporating the expressed liquid.