GB2477733A - Biodegradable packaging material - Google Patents

Biodegradable packaging material Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2477733A
GB2477733A GB1002202A GB201002202A GB2477733A GB 2477733 A GB2477733 A GB 2477733A GB 1002202 A GB1002202 A GB 1002202A GB 201002202 A GB201002202 A GB 201002202A GB 2477733 A GB2477733 A GB 2477733A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
packaging material
material according
nanoclay
packaging
biodegradable polymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB1002202A
Other versions
GB201002202D0 (en
Inventor
Michael John Flaherty
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB1002202A priority Critical patent/GB2477733A/en
Publication of GB201002202D0 publication Critical patent/GB201002202D0/en
Priority to GBGB1008454.9A priority patent/GB201008454D0/en
Priority to PCT/GB2011/050598 priority patent/WO2011098842A2/en
Publication of GB2477733A publication Critical patent/GB2477733A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/46—Applications of disintegrable, dissolvable or edible materials
    • B65D65/466—Bio- or photodegradable packaging materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
    • C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K3/346—Clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • C08L101/16—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds the macromolecular compounds being biodegradable
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L99/00—Compositions of natural macromolecular compounds or of derivatives thereof not provided for in groups C08L89/00 - C08L97/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K11/00—Use of ingredients of unknown constitution, e.g. undefined reaction products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)

Abstract

A packaging material comprises a biodegradable polymer and a nanoclay. Typically, the biodegradable polymer is derived from natural sources and may be polylactic acid (PLA), a thermoplastic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) or polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The nanoclay may be present in an amount of 10-35 wt.% and may comprise calcium carbonate. A vegetable-based bulking agent, such as powdered sawdust, pulped sugar cane, palm husk, or rice husk may also be included. The packaging material may optionally contain a colourant, such as carbon or chlorophyll. A packaging product formed from the packaging material is also disclosed and may comprise disposable cups, ice cream containers, fruit and vegetable containers, and packaging for fresh flowers.

Description

Packaging material and packages formed from it This invention relates to a packaging material and to packages formed from it. In particular, it relates to a packaging material that can be used to package food products, is biodegradable, compostable, and can be made from largely or entirely sustainable raw materials.
Packaging of food products for retail distribution on an industrial scale presents a considerable technical challenge. Materials in which food products are packaged must meet stringent requirements relating, amongst other things, to their lack of toxicity, chemical stability, mechanical strength, and their ability to control the passage of gas, moisture and fats into and out of the package. What is more, manufacturers of such packaging products have to meet an ever-increasing range of requirements that relate to the environmental impact of their products. These must meet standards for biodegradability and there is an increasing push towards products that are manufactured from sustainable source materials -so the use of synthetic polymers is no longer desirable. It will be seen that some of these requirements are in conflict with one another. For instance, an increase in the chemical stability of the product in use may result in a decrease in the biodegradability of the product once it has become waste.
The present inventor addressed some of these problems with the food container disclosed in GB-A-2 444 913. While this addressed some of the environmental shortcomings of conventional products, use of a synthetic polymer lining could not be avoided altogether if the required resistance to high and low pH contents were to be achieved.
An aim of this invention is to provide a biodegradable and compostable packaging material that overcomes or at least ameliorates the environmental disadvantages of known products while achieving a high level of performance as a packaging material.
To this end, this invention provides a packaging material comprising: biodegradable polymer, preferably derived from renewable sources, and nanoclay.
The presence of nanoclay, which comprises particles of calcium carbonate CaCO3, with a size typically in the order of 10-10m, 109m or 108m, confers the packaging material with a resistance to acids, a property lacked (at least to the extent required) by biodegradable polymers on their own. It provides a barrier against transfer of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and bacteria, and thereby avoids the need to provide the material with a barrier film.
The biodegradable polymer may include polylactic acid (PLA), a thermoplastic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) or polyhydroxybutyrate (PH B). It has been found that the addition of PHB can add to the elasticity of the packaging material.
It has been found that the nanoclay may advantageously be a marine nanoclay. The effect of the nanoclay may be supplemented by the addition of particles of terracotta, with a typical size in the order of 10-'°m, 109m or 108m. The presence of terracotta can improve the thermal properties of the material.
Most typically, a material embodying the invention further includes a bulking agent to impart the material with body and thereby provide the material with bulk, thickening and thermal insulation. Suitable bulking agents may be vegetable based, such as powdered sawdust, pulped sugar cane, palm husk or rice husk. The bulking agents are typically in powder form, with an average particle size less than 2 mm. More typically, the average particle size is approximately 20 pim. Another effect of the introduction of the bulking agent is that it allows print to be applied to the material without the need to first "key" the material, for example by corona surface treatment.
The material may also include a colourant. In keeping with the requirements of sustainability and biodegradability, suitable colourants include carbon and chlorophyll.
As has been discussed, the packaging material must provide a barrier to moisture, oil, bacteria, and other things. This is particularly important when the material is to be used to produce a container for a pre-cooked meal. To this end, the material may further include an acrylic polymer, Foraperle 321 being a suitable example. The acrylic polymer is preferably included at a quantity of less than 1%.
The amount of nanoclay in the material is typically between 10% and 35% % by weight.
Example embodiments contain nanoclay at approximately 20% by weight.
From a second aspect, this invention provides a packaging product that is formed from a material embodying the first aspect of the invention.
Such a product may be formed by vacuum forming, injection moulding or blow moulding.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, by way of example.
The first embodiment provides a packaging material that is suitable for making disposable cold water cups, dairy ice cream containers, fresh and prepared fruit and vegetable containers and horticultural products, amongst many other possible applications.
The first embodiment is a composite formed of, by weight, 71% polylactic acid (PLA), 9% polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and 20% nanoclay (CaCO3).
The second embodiment provides a packaging material that is suitable for making products for holding hot liquids, such as disposable cups for hot drinks, for pre-packing of cut fresh flowers into bouquets, amongst many other possible applications.
The second embodiment is a composite of, by weight, approximately 70% polylactic acid (PLA), 10% of a cellulose component, and 20% nanoclay. A small amount (<1%) of a colourant derived from chlorophyll (for a green product) or carbon black (for a black product) and of an acrylic polymer Foraperle 321 are also included.
To make a packaging material according to either embodiment, the ingredients are first dried prior to mixing. The cellulose component is powdered such that it has an average particle size of 20 I.tm, and no particle is greater than 2 mm in diameter. This size of particle is preferred in order to meet the requirements of biodegradability and compostability of the material.
All of the ingredients are the premixed and introduced into a single-screw or twin-screw compounder. The apparatus and method used are substantially the same as used for manufacture of conventional packaging materials of petrochemical origin from pellets. However, the heat input required is typically somewhat lower, the typical melt point of an embodiment of the invention is 165-190°C, depending on its specific formulation. Comparable conventional packaging materials have higher melting points therefore must be moulded at a higher temperature.
Products may be made from embodiments of the material using thermoforming, injection moulding or blow moulding, amongst other techniques. In each case, the techniques used to manufacture a product using embodiments of the invention are substantially similar to those used during manufacture of products from conventional materials.
Vacuum forming of the second embodiment can take place at a temperature of approximately 130°C. This is lower than temperatures typically used for vacuum forming of conventional materials, so saving on energy used during formation.
Post-production waste produced during formation of articles using materials that embody the invention can be reworked with virgin pellets or disposed of by composting. Therefore, use of the material need not contribute to landfill.
FORAPERLE is a registered trade mark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

Claims (20)

  1. Claims 1. A packaging material comprising: a biodegradable polymer and nanoclay.
  2. 2. A packaging material according to claim 1 in which the biodegradable polymer is derived from natural sources.
  3. 3. A packaging material according to claim 1 or claim 2 in which the biodegradable polymer includes one or more of polylactic acid (PLA), a thermoplastic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) or polyhydroxybutyrate (PH B).
  4. 4. A packaging material according to any preceding claim in which the nanoclay is a marine nanoclay.
  5. 5. A packaging material according to any preceding claim in which the nanoclay is nanoclay is present at between 10% and 30% by weight.
  6. 6. A packaging material according to any preceding claim in which the nanoclay has a particle size in the order of 10-10m, 109m or 108m.
  7. 7. A packaging material according to any preceding claim further including terracotta.
  8. 8. A packaging material according to any preceding claim further including a bulking agent to impart the material with body.
  9. 9. A packaging material according to claim 8 in which the bulking agent isvegetable-based
  10. 10.A packaging material according to claim 9 in which the hulking agent includes one or more of powdered sawdust, pulped sugar cane, palm husk or rice husk.
  11. 11.A packaging material according to any one of claims 8 to 10 in which the hulking agents are in powder form.
  12. 12.A packaging material according to claim 11 in which the bulking agents have an average particle size less than 2 mm.
  13. 13.A packaging material according to claim 12 in which the hulking agents have an average particle size of approximately 20 pim.
  14. 14.A packaging material according to any preceding claim further including a colourant.
  15. 15. A packaging material according to claim 14 in which the colourant include one or more of carbon and chlorophyll.
  16. 16.A packaging material according to any preceding claim further including an acrylic polymer
  17. 17.A packaging material according to claim 16 in which the acrylic polymer is Foraperle 321.
  18. 18. A packaging material substantially as herein described.
  19. 19.A packaging product that is formed from a material according to any preceding claim.
  20. 20.A packaging product according to claim 19 that is formed by vacuum forming, injection moulding or blow moulding.
GB1002202A 2010-02-10 2010-02-10 Biodegradable packaging material Withdrawn GB2477733A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1002202A GB2477733A (en) 2010-02-10 2010-02-10 Biodegradable packaging material
GBGB1008454.9A GB201008454D0 (en) 2010-02-10 2010-05-21 Material and articles formed from it
PCT/GB2011/050598 WO2011098842A2 (en) 2010-02-10 2011-03-24 Material and articles formed from it

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1002202A GB2477733A (en) 2010-02-10 2010-02-10 Biodegradable packaging material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB201002202D0 GB201002202D0 (en) 2010-03-31
GB2477733A true GB2477733A (en) 2011-08-17

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GB1002202A Withdrawn GB2477733A (en) 2010-02-10 2010-02-10 Biodegradable packaging material
GBGB1008454.9A Ceased GB201008454D0 (en) 2010-02-10 2010-05-21 Material and articles formed from it

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GBGB1008454.9A Ceased GB201008454D0 (en) 2010-02-10 2010-05-21 Material and articles formed from it

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GB (2) GB2477733A (en)
WO (1) WO2011098842A2 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2521278A (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-17 T & L Sugars Ltd Additives for use of plastic, resin and elastomer compositions
WO2017140557A1 (en) * 2016-02-19 2017-08-24 Tetra Gmbh Carbon fertilizer for aquatic plants
WO2019190324A1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-03 Huhtamaki Molded Fiber Technology B .V. Biodegradable and compostable food packaging unit from a moulded pulp material with a cellulose-base laminate layer, and method for manufacturing such food packaging unit
WO2019190309A1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-03 Huhtamaki Molded Fiber Technology B.V. Packaging unit from a moulded pulp material with peelable laminated layer and method for manufacturing such packaging unit
NL2021326B1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-07 Huhtamaki Molded Fiber Tech Bv Biodegradable and compostable food packaging unit from a moulded pulp material with a cellulose-base laminate layer, and method for manufacturing such food packaging unit
NL2021327B1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-07 Huhtamaki Molded Fiber Tech Bv Packaging unit from a moulded pulp material with peelable laminated layer and method for manufacturing such packaging unit
RU2745320C2 (en) * 2016-10-03 2021-03-23 Хюхтамаки Молдед Файбер Текнолоджи Б.В. Biodegradable and suitable for composting food packaging made of formed fibrous material and method of manufacture of such food packaging

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012013432B4 (en) 2012-07-05 2015-05-07 Bk Giulini Gmbh Filler mixture and its use for the production of thermoplastic shoe stiffening materials

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US20070037912A1 (en) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-15 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Biodegradable polymeric nanocomposite compositions particularly for packaging
WO2007027027A1 (en) * 2005-08-30 2007-03-08 Lg Chem, Ltd. Biodegradable polyester composition having barrier property
EP1860138A1 (en) * 2006-05-25 2007-11-28 Sabanci Universitesi Biodegradable thermoplastic nanocomposite polymers
EP1985585A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2008-10-29 Nanobiomatters, S.L. Method for producing nanocomposite materials for multi-sectoral applications
EP2123450A1 (en) * 2008-05-19 2009-11-25 Honeywell International Inc. Enhance performance on current renewable film using functional polymer coatings
EP2143557A1 (en) * 2008-07-07 2010-01-13 Alcan Technology &amp; Management Ltd. Packaging film for manufacturing reclosable packaging

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GB2444913B (en) 2006-09-20 2009-08-19 Procurasell Internat Packaging Method and apparatus for manufacturing a food packaging container
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Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006119020A2 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-09 Michigan State University Hyperbranched polymer modified biopolymers, their biobased materials and process for the preparation thereof
US20070037912A1 (en) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-15 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Biodegradable polymeric nanocomposite compositions particularly for packaging
WO2007027027A1 (en) * 2005-08-30 2007-03-08 Lg Chem, Ltd. Biodegradable polyester composition having barrier property
EP1985585A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2008-10-29 Nanobiomatters, S.L. Method for producing nanocomposite materials for multi-sectoral applications
EP1860138A1 (en) * 2006-05-25 2007-11-28 Sabanci Universitesi Biodegradable thermoplastic nanocomposite polymers
EP2123450A1 (en) * 2008-05-19 2009-11-25 Honeywell International Inc. Enhance performance on current renewable film using functional polymer coatings
EP2143557A1 (en) * 2008-07-07 2010-01-13 Alcan Technology &amp; Management Ltd. Packaging film for manufacturing reclosable packaging

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2521278A (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-17 T & L Sugars Ltd Additives for use of plastic, resin and elastomer compositions
GB2521278B (en) * 2013-12-13 2017-10-18 T & L Sugars Ltd Additives for use in plastic, resin and elastomer compositions
WO2017140557A1 (en) * 2016-02-19 2017-08-24 Tetra Gmbh Carbon fertilizer for aquatic plants
EP3915965A1 (en) * 2016-02-19 2021-12-01 Tetra GmbH Carbon fertilizer for aquatic plants
RU2745320C2 (en) * 2016-10-03 2021-03-23 Хюхтамаки Молдед Файбер Текнолоджи Б.В. Biodegradable and suitable for composting food packaging made of formed fibrous material and method of manufacture of such food packaging
WO2019190324A1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-03 Huhtamaki Molded Fiber Technology B .V. Biodegradable and compostable food packaging unit from a moulded pulp material with a cellulose-base laminate layer, and method for manufacturing such food packaging unit
WO2019190309A1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-03 Huhtamaki Molded Fiber Technology B.V. Packaging unit from a moulded pulp material with peelable laminated layer and method for manufacturing such packaging unit
NL2021326B1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-07 Huhtamaki Molded Fiber Tech Bv Biodegradable and compostable food packaging unit from a moulded pulp material with a cellulose-base laminate layer, and method for manufacturing such food packaging unit
NL2021327B1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-07 Huhtamaki Molded Fiber Tech Bv Packaging unit from a moulded pulp material with peelable laminated layer and method for manufacturing such packaging unit
US20210114789A1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2021-04-22 Huhtamaki Molded Fiber Technology B.V. Biodegradable and Compostable Food Packaging Unit from a Moulded Pulp Material with a Cellulose-Base Laminate Layer, and Method for Manufacturing Such Food Packaging Unit
US12240673B2 (en) 2018-03-29 2025-03-04 Huhtamaki Molded Fiber Technology B.V. Packaging unit from a moulded pulp material with peelable laminated layer and method for manufacturing such packaging unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201002202D0 (en) 2010-03-31
GB201008454D0 (en) 2010-07-07
WO2011098842A2 (en) 2011-08-18
WO2011098842A3 (en) 2011-11-10

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