HRP940928A2 - A set of metal cold section bars that can be transformed to termally separated section bars - Google Patents
A set of metal cold section bars that can be transformed to termally separated section bars Download PDFInfo
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- HRP940928A2 HRP940928A2 HRMI93A002410A HRP940928A HRP940928A2 HR P940928 A2 HRP940928 A2 HR P940928A2 HR MI93A002410 A HRMI93A002410 A HR MI93A002410A HR P940928 A HRP940928 A HR P940928A HR P940928 A2 HRP940928 A2 HR P940928A2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000011195 Profilin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050001408 Profilin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
- E06B3/263—Frames with special provision for insulation
- E06B3/273—Frames with special provision for insulation with prefabricated insulating elements held in position by deformation of portions of the metal frame members
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
- E06B7/14—Measures for draining-off condensed water or water leaking-in frame members for draining off condensation water, throats at the bottom of a sash
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Special Wing (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Refrigerator Housings (AREA)
- Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Ovaj se izum odnosi na slog hladnih metalnih profilnih šipki koje se mogu pretvoriti u toplinski odvojene profilne šipke podesne za hladne okvire vrata i prozora i za toplinski odvojene (izolirane) okvire za vrata i prozora. This invention relates to a set of cold metal profile bars that can be converted into thermally separated profile bars suitable for cold door and window frames and for thermally separated (insulated) door and window frames.
U ovom opisu i tvrdnjama, izraz "hladne profilne šipke" upotrebljava se da oznaci profilne šipke koje nisu toplinski izolirane dok izraz "toplinski odvojene profilne šipke" znaci toplinski izolirane profilne šipke. In this description and claims, the term "cold profile bars" is used to mean profile bars that are not thermally insulated, while the term "thermally separated profile bars" means thermally insulated profile bars.
Danas ima na tržištu raznih vrsta profilnih šipki: Today, there are various types of profile bars on the market:
a) tako zvane hladne ili pune profilne šipke, koje se sastoje od profilnih šipki od punog metala, bez toplinske izolacije; a) so-called cold or solid profile bars, consisting of profile bars made of solid metal, without thermal insulation;
b) tako zvane pune profilne šiple s toplinskim zaslonom, koje se sastoje od profilnih šipki načinjenih kompletno od metala na koje se nanose izolacioni elementi, uglavnom od plastike, na vanjsku stranu okvira, tako da predstavljaju zapreku izmjeni topline; b) so-called full profile slats with a heat screen, which consist of profile rods made entirely of metal, on which insulating elements, mostly made of plastic, are applied to the outside of the frame, so that they represent an obstacle to heat exchange;
c) toplinski odvojene ili izolirane profilne šipke, koje sadrže izolacione elemente umetnute između elemenata vanjskih i unutarnjih metalnih profilnih šipki. c) thermally separated or insulated profile bars, which contain insulating elements inserted between the elements of the outer and inner metal profile bars.
Toplinski odvojene profilne šipke pak mogu biti raznih tipova. Thermally separated profile bars can be of various types.
Jedan tip toplinski odvojene šipke se dobiva od dvije metalne profilne šipke, jedne unutarnje i jedne vanjske, posebno istiskivane (extruded), koje su spojene zajedno šipkama od izolacionog materijala umetnutim u posebno predviđene dosjede i tada spojene (clamped) procesom valjanja. One type of thermally separated rod is obtained from two metal profile rods, one inner and one outer, specially extruded (extruded), which are joined together by rods made of insulating material inserted into specially provided joints and then clamped by a rolling process.
Ove toplinski odvojene profilne šipke imaju nekoliko manjkavosti. These thermally separated profile bars have several drawbacks.
Teško je dobiti i provjeriti tolerancije i paralelnosti između unutarnjeg i vanjskog elementa, jer se radi o profilnim šipkama istisnutim zasebno, tako da lako dolazi do netočnosti pri spajanju dva elementa zajedno. It is difficult to obtain and check the tolerances and parallelism between the inner and outer elements, because they are profile bars extruded separately, so inaccuracies easily occur when joining the two elements together.
Štaviše, unutarnji i vanjski element mogu imati nejednoliko anodiranje te njihovo starenje također može biti nejednoliko. Moreover, the inner and outer elements may have non-uniform anodization and their aging may also be non-uniform.
Drugi tip toplinski odvojenih profilni šipki se dobiva iz pune metalne profilne šipke koja ima cijevno kućište koje spaja elemente unutarnjih i vanjskih metalnih profilnih šipki, istisnutih (extruded) u jednom komadu. Tijekom proizvodne faze proflini šipki, poliuretanska pjena se injektira u cijevasto kućište i metalne stijenke cijevnog kućišta koje spajaju elemente unutarnjih i vanjskih metalnih profilni šipki se tada uklanjaju operacijom rezanja, tako da dva unutarnja i vanjska elementa ostaju spojeni zajedno samo injektiranom poliuretanskom pjenom. Another type of heat-separated profile bars is obtained from a solid metal profile bar that has a tubular casing that joins the elements of the inner and outer metal profile bars, extruded in one piece. During the production phase of the profilin bars, polyurethane foam is injected into the tubular housing and the metal walls of the tubular housing that join the elements of the inner and outer metal profile bars are then removed by a cutting operation, so that the two inner and outer elements remain joined together only by the injected polyurethane foam.
Ova toplinski odvojena šipka nema nedostatke profilne šipke s posebnim unutarnjim i vanjskim elementima, ali zahtijeva tegoban i skup proizvodni proces, koji ne može izvesti jedan monter okvira vrata i prozora, zbog složenosti operacija injektiranja pjene u cjevasto kućište i naknadnog rezanja stijenki koje spajanju unutarnje i vanjske elemente šipke. This thermally separated bar does not have the disadvantages of a profile bar with special internal and external elements, but it requires a difficult and expensive production process, which cannot be performed by a single fitter of door and window frames, due to the complexity of the operations of injecting foam into the tubular casing and subsequent cutting of the walls that join the internal and external elements of the bar.
Bilo je pokušaja koji su nastojali pretvoriti hladnu profilnu šipku u toplinski odvojenu profilnu šipku, ali rezultati dobiveni do danas nisu zadovoljavajući. There have been attempts to convert a cold profiled bar into a thermally separated profiled bar, but the results obtained to date have not been satisfactory.
Predmet ovog izuma je slog fleksibilnih profilni šipki koje se sastoje od punih metalnih profilni šipki, koje su istiskivane (extruded) u jednom komadu, koje se mogu upotrebljavati kao hladne profilne šipke i mogu se pretvarati u toplinski odvojene profilne šipke jednostavnim operacijama, koje se također mogu izvesti izvan proizvodne linije profilni šipki, tako da ih također može izvesti monter okvira vrata i prozora ako je potrebno izraditi toplinski odvojenu profilnu šipku, umjesto hladne profilne šipke. The subject of this invention is a set of flexible profile bars consisting of solid metal profile bars, which are extruded in one piece, which can be used as cold profile bars and can be converted into thermally separated profile bars by simple operations, which are also can produce profile bars off the production line, so they can also be produced by the door and window frame fitter if it is necessary to make a thermally separated profile bar, instead of a cold profile bar.
Drugi predmet ovog izuma je slog profilnih šipki koje imaju optimalnu građu i kao profilne šipke od hladnog metala i kao toplinski odvojene profilne šipke, dobivene pretvorbom hladnih metalnih profilnih šipki. Another object of this invention is a set of profile bars that have an optimal structure both as cold metal profile bars and as thermally separated profile bars, obtained by converting cold metal profile bars.
Prema ovom izumu, gore navedeni predmeti se dobivaju iz sloga hladnih metalnih profilnih šipki koje se mogu pretvoriti u toplinski odvojene profilne šipke, naročito za okvire vrata i prozora, od kojih svaka sadrži element unutarnje metalne profilne šipke i element vanjske metalne profilne šipke spojene spojnim stijenkama, a spomenute spojne stijenke su izrađene od metala i sadrže zube spojene na spomenute elemente unutarnjih i vanjskih profilni šipki pomoću stanjenih linija prikladnih za deformiranje i trake spojene na spomenute zube koji se mogu deformirati daljnjim stanjenim linijama koje omogućavaju njihovo uklanjanje, a debljina tih traka je manja od debljine spomenutih zuba. According to the present invention, the above objects are obtained from a stack of cold metal profile bars that can be converted into thermally separated profile bars, especially for door and window frames, each of which contains an inner metal profile bar element and an outer metal profile bar element connected by connecting walls , and the mentioned connecting walls are made of metal and contain teeth connected to the mentioned elements of the inner and outer profile rods by means of thin lines suitable for deformation and strips connected to the mentioned teeth which can be deformed by further thin lines that enable their removal, and the thickness of these strips is smaller than the thickness of the mentioned teeth.
Spomenuti elementi unutarnje i vanjske profilne šipke imaju uzdužne udubine od kojih svaku sačinjavaju jedan spomenuti zub koji se može deformirati, barem jedan kruti greben koji je paralelan spomenutim zubima i stražnja stijenka koja spaja, jedan zub na jedan greben, i spomenuti element vanjske profilne šipke sadrži barem jedno spojno rebro spojeno na barem jednu od spomenutih stražnjih stijenki spojnim vrškom koji viri van, tako da formira komoru za zračenje i za skupljanje vode u blizini spomenutog rebra te da svede na minimum prijenos deformacija od spomenutih zubi ju na spomenuto rebro. Said inner and outer profile rod elements have longitudinal recesses, each of which consists of one said deformable tooth, at least one rigid ridge parallel to said teeth and a rear wall connecting one tooth to one ridge, and said outer profile rod element contains at least one connecting rib connected to at least one of said rear walls by a connecting tip that protrudes outward, so as to form a chamber for radiation and for collecting water in the vicinity of said rib and to minimize the transmission of deformations from said teeth to said rib.
Prema preferiranoj izvedbi, spomenuti element unutarnje profilne šipke ima najmanje dva uzdužna udubljenja izvedena na udaljenosti većoj nego je ona na kojoj su dva odgovarajuća udubljenja elementa vanjske profilne šipke, a spomenute uklonjive trake su nagnute u odnosu na spomenutu stražnju stijenku, te konvergiraju prema spomenutom elementu vanjske profilne šipke, da. bi odvodile vodu i kondenzat prema sabirnoj komori. According to a preferred embodiment, said element of the inner profile bar has at least two longitudinal recesses made at a distance greater than that at which the two corresponding recesses of the element of the outer profile bar are, and said removable strips are inclined in relation to said rear wall, and converge towards said element external profile bars, yes. would drain water and condensate towards the collecting chamber.
Prema drugoj poželjnoj izvedbi, spomenuto spojno rebro ima konveksnu stijenku, tako da deformacije spomenutih zubi povlače za sobom samo varijacije u zakrivljenosti rebra. According to another preferred embodiment, said connecting rib has a convex wall, so that the deformations of said teeth involve only variations in the curvature of the rib.
Gore navedeno se također postiže slogom toplinski odvojenih profilnih šipki, naročito za okvire vrata i prozora, od kojih svaka sadrži element unutarnje profilne šipke i element vanjske metalne profilne šipke spojene zajedno izolacionim šipkama smještenim u odgovarajućim uzdužnim udubljenjima elementa unutarnje profilne šipke i elementa vanjske profilne šipke, s time da svako spomenuto udubljenje sačinjava zub koji se može deformirati, barem jedan kruti greben paralelan spomenutom zubu i stražnja stijenka koja spaja jedan zub i jedan greben, a spomenuti je zub spojen na odgovarajući element unutarnje i vanjske metalne profilne šipke pomoću stanjene linije koja olakšava savijanje oko krajeva spomenutih izolacionih šipki, tako da ih učvrsti u spomenuta udubi jenja ostavivši između njih zračni prostor, i The above is also achieved by a stack of thermally separated profile bars, especially for door and window frames, each of which contains an inner profile bar element and an outer metal profile bar element connected together by insulating bars located in the respective longitudinal recesses of the inner profile bar element and the outer profile bar element , with each said recess forming a deformable tooth, at least one rigid ridge parallel to said tooth and a rear wall connecting one tooth and one ridge, and said tooth is connected to a corresponding element of the inner and outer metal profile rod by means of a thin line which makes it easier to bend around the ends of the said insulating rods, so that it secures them in the said depressions leaving an air space between them, and
spomenuti element vanjske profilne šipke sadrži barem jedno spoj no rebro spojeno na barem jednu od spomenutih stražnjih stijenki spojnim vrškom koji viri van, tako da se formira komora za zračenje i skupljanje, vode u blizini spomenutog rebra te da se smanji prijenos deformacija sa spomenutog zuba na spomenuto rebro. said element of the outer profile rod contains at least one connecting rib connected to at least one of said rear walls by a connecting tip that protrudes outward, so that a chamber is formed for radiation and water collection near said rib and to reduce the transfer of deformations from said tooth to said rib.
Poželjno je da spomenute izolacione šipke budu postavljene nagnuto u odnosu na spomenutu stražnju stijenku, konvergirajući prema spomenutom elementu vanjske profilne šipke, tako da odvode vodu i kondenzat prema sabirnoj komori - It is desirable that the said insulating bars are placed at an angle in relation to the mentioned back wall, converging towards the mentioned element of the external profile bar, so that they drain water and condensate towards the collecting chamber -
Kod sloga profilnih šipki prema ovom izumu velika je prednost. sto se mogu proizvesti unificirane profilne šipke, koje imaju optimalnu strukturu u pogledu težine, čvrstoće i radnih karakteristika, bilo da se upotrebljavaju kao hladne profilne šipke kao i kad se upotrebljavaju, nakon lake i jednostavne preinake, kao toplinski odvojene profilne šipke. There is a great advantage in the assembly of profile bars according to this invention. that unified profile bars can be produced, which have an optimal structure in terms of weight, strength and working characteristics, whether they are used as cold profile bars or when they are used, after easy and simple modification, as thermally separated profile bars.
U stvari, poprečan otporan presjek hladnih profilnih šipki se dimenzionira tako da se smanjen otporan presjek uklonjivih traka, zbog manje debljine nego je debljina zuba, znatno kompenzira presjekom krutih grebena. Težina materijala koji se uklanja i baca u slučaju pretvorbe u toplinski odvojene profilne šipke se time smanjuje na minimum. In fact, the transverse resistance section of the cold profile bars is dimensioned so that the reduced resistance section of the removable strips, due to a smaller thickness than the thickness of the teeth, is significantly compensated by the section of the rigid ridges. The weight of the material that is removed and thrown away in the case of conversion into thermally separated profile bars is thereby reduced to a minimum.
U toplinski odvojenim profilnim šipkama, grebeni, zajedno s zubima, sačinjavaju uzdužne udubine prikladne za smještaj izolacionih šipki, držeći ih na udaljenosti jednu od druge, tako da ostanu odvojene zračnim prostorom i da se dobije efikasna toplinska izolacija. In thermally separated profile bars, the ridges, together with the teeth, form longitudinal depressions suitable for housing the insulating bars, keeping them at a distance from each other, so that they remain separated by an air space and an efficient thermal insulation is obtained.
Osim toga, operacije pretvorbe se mogu također izvesti izvan postrojenja koje proizvodi profilne šipke, to može učiniti monter okvira vrata i prozora kad se ukaže potreba da se instaliraju toplinski odvojeni okviri vrata i prozora. Pretvorba zahtijeva vrlo jednostavne intervencije, koje se sastoje u umetanju izolacionih šipki u odgovarajuće uzdužne udubine elemenata unutarnje i vanjske profilne šipke, u uklanjanju traka rezanjem po njihovim odgovarajućim stanjenim linijama te u savijanju zuba na stanjenim linijama, radi čvrstog povezivanja krajeva izolacionih šipki u odgovarajućim uzdužnim udubinama. In addition, the conversion operations can also be carried out outside the facility that produces the profile bars, this can be done by the door and window frame fitter when there is a need to install thermally separated door and window frames. The conversion requires very simple interventions, which consist in the insertion of insulating rods in the corresponding longitudinal depressions of the elements of the inner and outer profile rods, in the removal of the strips by cutting along their corresponding thinned lines and in bending the teeth on the thinned lines, in order to firmly connect the ends of the insulating rods in the corresponding longitudinal hollows.
Druga prednost sloga unificiranih profilni šipki , izrađenih prema ovom izumu, predstavlja mogućnost vođenja vode i kondenzata prema drenažnim rupama, a koji bi inače ušao u okvire vrata i prozora u slučaju hladnih okvira vrata i prozora i u slučaju toplinski odvojenih okvira vrata i prozora. Odvođenje se vrši putem nagnutih uklonjivih traka, koje konvergiraju prema elementu vanjske profilne šipke u hladnim. profilnim šipkama, te putem nagnute izvedbe izolacionih šipki koje također konvergiraju prema elementu vanjske profilne šipke u toplinski odvojenim profilnim šipkama. Another advantage of the set of unified profile bars, made according to this invention, is the possibility of guiding water and condensate towards the drainage holes, which would otherwise enter the door and window frames in the case of cold door and window frames and in the case of thermally separated door and window frames. The removal is carried out by inclined removable strips, which converge towards the element of the external profile bar in the cold. profile bars, and through the inclined design of insulation bars that also converge towards the outer profile bar element in thermally separated profile bars.
Osim toga, konveksan oblik spojnog rebra osigurava veliku toleranciju protiv mogućih deformacija uzrokovanih savijanjem zublju, jer deformacije povlače za sobom samo promjene zakrivljenosti rebra, koje se teško mogu uočiti golim okom. Konveksan oblik je također povoljan s estetskog stanovišta. In addition, the convex shape of the connecting rib ensures a high tolerance against possible deformations caused by tooth bending, because deformations involve only changes in the curvature of the rib, which are difficult to see with the naked eye. The convex shape is also advantageous from an aesthetic point of view.
Daljnje prednosti sloga profilnih šipki prema ovom izumu predstavljaju niski troškovi istiskivanja i znatno smanjenje troškova uskladištenja. Osim toga, lako se postižu i provjeravaju paralelnosti i tolerancije između unutarnjeg i vanjskog elementa toplinski odvojenih profilnih šipki, rizici netočnog spajanja dvaju elemenata su smanjeni, a njihovo anodiranje i starenje su jednakomjerni. Further advantages of the stack of profile bars according to the present invention are low extrusion costs and a significant reduction in storage costs. In addition, the parallelisms and tolerances between the inner and outer elements of the thermally separated profile bars are easily achieved and checked, the risks of incorrect joining of the two elements are reduced, and their anodization and aging are uniform.
Sada ćemo ilustrirati svojstva i prednosti izuma obzirom na strukturu izuma, brojnim primjerima u priloženim slikama, gdje: We will now illustrate the properties and advantages of the invention with regard to the structure of the invention, with numerous examples in the attached figures, where:
Slike 1, 2, 3, 7, 9 i 11 su pogledi odozgo prve, druge, treće, četvrte, pete odnosno šeste hladne metalne profilne šipke, prema ovom izumu; Figures 1, 2, 3, 7, 9 and 11 are top views of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth cold metal profile bars, respectively, according to the present invention;
Slike 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 i 12 tu pogledi odozgo prve, druge, treće, četvrte, pete odnosno šeste toplinski odvojene šipke, prema ovom izumu, dobivene od profilnih šipki iz Slika 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 odnosno 11; Figures 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 are top views of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth thermally separated bars, according to this invention, obtained from the profile bars of Figures 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 respectively 11;
Slika 13 prikazuje u povećanom mjerilu trake, zube i izolacione šipke profilnih šipki u slikama 1-12; Fig. 13 shows on an enlarged scale the strips, teeth and insulating bars of the profile bars in Figs. 1-12;
Slike 14 i 15 su djelomični pogledi u poprečnom presjeku okvira vrata i prozora s pomičnim oknima, načinjenih s hladnim profilnim šipkama iz Slika 2 odnosno 4; Figures 14 and 15 are partial cross-sectional views of door and window frames with movable panes, made with cold profile bars from Figures 2 and 4, respectively;
Slike 16 i 17 su djelomični pogledi u poprečnom presjeku okvira vrata i prozora s nekoliko pomičnih okana s hladnim profilnim šipkama iz Slika 3 i 7, te s toplinski odvojenim profilnim šipkama iz Slika 4 odnosno 8; Figures 16 and 17 are partial cross-sectional views of door and window frames with several movable windows with cold profile bars from Figures 3 and 7, and with thermally separated profile bars from Figures 4 and 8, respectively;
Slika 18 je djelomičan pogled u poprečnom presjeku okvira izrađenog s hladnim profilnim šipkama iz Slike 3 s poprečnim nosačem načinjenim iz hladne profilne šipke iz Slike 11; Fig. 18 is a partial cross-sectional view of a frame made with cold profiled bars of Fig. 3 with a cross member made of cold profiled bar of Fig. 11;
Slika 19 je poprečni presjek u povećanom mjerilu dosjeda i tijela vijka poprečnog nosača iz Slike 18. Figure 19 is an enlarged cross-section of the seat and body of the cross member screw from Figure 18.
Prikazana je kao cjelina sa 1 na slici 1 hladna metalna profilna šipka koja ima poprečni presjek u obliku slova "Z" izrađena istiskivanjem, poželjno od aluminijske legure. Profilna šipka i sadržava element vanjske profilne sipke 8 spojene spojnim stijenkama 9. Spojne stijenke 9 se formiraju deformabilnim uzdužnim zubima 1 i uklonjivim uzdužnim trakama 12 koje imaju debljinu koja je manja od debljine zubiju 11. Trake su spojene na zube 11 uzdužnim stanjenim linijama 13 koje su prikladne za lako rezanje; zubi 11 su spojeni na elemente unutarnje profilne šipke 7 i vanjske profilne šipke 8 stanjenom linijom 14 koja olakšava savijanje, kako je također prikazano na Slici 13. Shown as a whole with 1 in Figure 1 is a cold metal profile bar having a "Z" shaped cross-section made by extrusion, preferably from an aluminum alloy. Profile bar i contains an element of external profile bar 8 connected by connecting walls 9. Connecting walls 9 are formed by deformable longitudinal teeth 1 and removable longitudinal strips 12 which have a thickness that is less than the thickness of the teeth 11. The strips are connected to the teeth 11 by longitudinal thin lines 13 which are suitable for easy cutting; the teeth 11 are connected to the elements of the inner profile bar 7 and the outer profile bar 8 by a thin line 14 that facilitates bending, as also shown in Figure 13.
Elementi unutarnjih profilni šipki 7 i vanjskih profilni šipki 8 imaju krute grebene 15 paralelne zubima 11, koji sa stražnjim stijenkama 16 i sa zubima 11 čine uzdužne udubine 18. Udubine 18 koje pripadaju elementu unutarnje profilne šipke 7 izvedene su na udaljenosti većoj od one na kojoj su udubljenja 18 koja pripadaju odgovarajućem elementu vanjske metalne profilne šipke 8, a trake 12 su nagnute u odnosu na stražnje stijenke 16 i konvergiraju prema elementu vanjske profilne šipke 8, tako da bi odvodili vodu i kondenzat prema komori 19 za zračenje i sakupljanje vode i kondenzata. The elements of the inner profile bars 7 and the outer profile bars 8 have rigid ridges 15 parallel to the teeth 11, which with the rear walls 16 and with the teeth 11 form longitudinal recesses 18. The recesses 18 belonging to the element of the inner profile bar 7 are made at a distance greater than that at which are recesses 18 that belong to the corresponding element of the outer metal profile rod 8, and the strips 12 are inclined in relation to the rear walls 16 and converge towards the element of the outer profile rod 8, so that they would drain water and condensate towards the chamber 19 for radiation and collection of water and condensate .
Element vanjske profilne šipke 8 sadrži spojno rebro 21 formirano konveksnom stijenkom, tako da deformacije zubiju 11 povlače za sobom varijacije zakrivljenosti rebra. Rebro 21 ima dosjed 22 u obliku slova "C", koji je prikladan za smještaj brtve i nosača za dovođenje u os koji nije prikazan. Rebro 21 je povezano na stražnje stijenke 16 pomoću spojnog vrška 23 koji viri van, s kojim sačinjava gore navedenu komoru 19, da bi se sveo na minimum prijenos deformacija sa zubi ju 11 na rebro 21. Rebro 21 ima integralni potporni vršak 31. The element of the outer profile bar 8 contains a connecting rib 21 formed by a convex wall, so that the deformations of the teeth 11 involve variations in the curvature of the rib. The rib 21 has a "C"-shaped abutment 22, which is suitable for housing a seal and an axle guide bracket, not shown. The rib 21 is connected to the rear walls 16 by means of a connecting tip 23 which protrudes outwards, with which it forms the above-mentioned chamber 19, in order to minimize the transfer of deformations from the teeth 11 to the rib 21. The rib 21 has an integral support tip 31.
Element unutarnje profilne šipke se formira cijevnim kućištem 24, pravokutnog poprečnog presjeka, koje ima integralno spoj no rebro 25, koje ima dosjed 26 za brtvu. U cijevnom kućištu 24 se nalazi dosjed 27 u obliku slova C prikladan za smještaj šarnirnog elementa ili profilne šipke koja drži staklo, dosjed 28 u obliku slova U, pogodan za smještaj brtve ili samonarezni vijak, kako je prikazano na slici 19. The element of the internal profile bar is formed by a tubular casing 24, of rectangular cross-section, which has an integral connecting rib 25, which has an abutment 26 for a seal. In the tubular housing 24 there is a C-shaped abutment 27 suitable for housing a hinged element or a profile rod that holds the glass, a U-shaped abutment 28, suitable for housing a gasket or a self-tapping screw, as shown in Figure 19.
Iz profilne šipke 1 moguće je dobiti toplinski odvojenu profilnu šipku sličnu onoj prikazanoj na slici 2 kao cjelinu sa 10, gdje su dijelovi slični onima profilne šipke 1 prikazani s istim referentnim brojevima. From profile bar 1 it is possible to obtain a thermally separated profile bar similar to that shown in Figure 2 as a whole with 10, where parts similar to those of profile bar 1 are shown with the same reference numbers.
Da bi se načinila toplinski odvojena profilna šipka 10, par izolacionih šipki 29 umetne se u odgovarajuće udubine 18 elemenata profilni šipki 7 i 8, kako je prikazano na Slici 13, a trake 12 se tada režu sa zubiju 11, da bi se odijelio element unutarnje profilne sipke 7 od elementa vanjske, profilne sipke 8. Osim toga, zubi koji se mogu deformirati 11 saviju se u odnosu na stanjene linije 14, da bi se učvrstili krajevi izolacionih šipki 29 u udubljenjima 18, kako je prikazano na Slici 2, ostavljajući zračni prostor između šipki. Šipke 29 su nagnute kao trake 12, i konvergiraju prema elementu vanjske profilne šipke 8 a njegovi krajevi 29a imaju trapezni oblik, na koji se presavinu zubi 11. Poželjno je da se izolacione šipke 29 izrađuju od poliamida pojačanog staklenim vlaknima. In order to make a thermally separated profile bar 10, a pair of insulating bars 29 is inserted into the respective recesses 18 of the profile bar elements 7 and 8, as shown in Figure 13, and the strips 12 are then cut with teeth 11, to separate the element from the inner profile bars 7 from the outer profile bar element 8. In addition, the deformable teeth 11 bend relative to the thin lines 14, to secure the ends of the insulating bars 29 in the recesses 18, as shown in Figure 2, leaving an air the space between the bars. The rods 29 are inclined like the strips 12, and converge towards the element of the outer profile rod 8, and its ends 29a have a trapezoidal shape, on which the teeth 11 are folded. It is preferable that the insulating rods 29 are made of polyamide reinforced with glass fibers.
Profilne šipke 1 i 10 imaju optimiranu konstrukciju i kao hladne profilne šipke i kao toplinski odvojene profilne šipke, što se tiče težine, otpora, radnim karakteristika. U stvari poprečni presjek hladnih profilnih šipki otporan na radna naprezanja dobije se smanjenjem otpornog presjeka traka koje se mogu skidati, jer je njihova debljina manja od debljine zubiju, i znatno se kompenzira s debljinom krutih grebena. Težina materijala koji se uklanja i baca u slučaju pretvaranja u toplinski odvojene profilne šipke je stoga vrlo mala. U toplinski odvojenoj profilnoj šipki 10, par izolacionih šipki 29, odvojen zračnim prostorom 17, omogućava da se dobije efikasna toplinska izolacija. Profile bars 1 and 10 have an optimized construction both as cold profile bars and as thermally separated profile bars, in terms of weight, resistance, working characteristics. In fact, the cross-section of cold profile bars resistant to working stresses is obtained by reducing the resistant cross-section of strips that can be removed, because their thickness is smaller than the thickness of the teeth, and is significantly compensated by the thickness of the rigid ridges. The weight of the material that is removed and discarded in the case of conversion into thermally separated profile bars is therefore very small. In the thermally separated profile rod 10, a pair of insulating rods 29, separated by an air space 17, enables efficient thermal insulation to be obtained.
Kad se ukaže potreba za instaliranjem toplinski odvojene profilne šipke, monter okvira vrata i prozora može pretvoriti hladnu profilnu šipku 1 u toplinski odvojenu profilnu šipku 10 s nekoliko jednostavnih operacija, i to izvan proizvodne linije profilni šipki. When the need arises to install a thermally separated profile bar, the door and window frame fitter can convert a cold profile bar 1 into a thermally separated profile bar 10 with a few simple operations, even outside the production line of profile bars.
Unificiranost profilni šipki, kako je rečeno, omogućava da troškovi istiskivanja i uskladištenja budu svedeni na minimum. Ostale prednosti se sastoje u lakom dobivanju i provjeri tolerancija i paralelnosti između dva elementa unutarnje i vanjske profilne šipke 7 i 8 toplinski odvojenih profilni šipki, smanjenju rizika netočnosti spajanja dva unutarnja i vanjska elementa zajedno te u jednolikost i obrade površine i starenja dvaju elemenata- The unification of the profile bars, as said, enables the costs of extrusion and storage to be reduced to a minimum. Other advantages consist in easily obtaining and checking the tolerances and parallelism between the two elements of the inner and outer profile bars 7 and 8 of the thermally separated profile bars, reducing the risk of incorrect joining of the two inner and outer elements together, and in the uniformity and surface treatment and aging of the two elements-
Na Slici 3 je prikazana hladna profilna šipka 2 koja ima poprečni presjek u obliku slova Z, gdje su dijelovi slični ili odgovarajući onima profilne šipke 1 na slici i, označeni s istim referentnim brojevima. Figure 3 shows a cold profile bar 2 having a Z-shaped cross-section, where the parts are similar or corresponding to those of the profile bar 1 in Figure i, marked with the same reference numbers.
Spojno rebro 21 profilne šipke 2 ima potporni vršak 31 i savinuti kraj 32. Cijevno kućište 24 ima dosjed 33 u obliku slova C pogodan za smještaj šarnirnog elementa ili sa spajanje s drugom profilnom šipkom, i potporni vršak 34. The connecting rib 21 of the profile rod 2 has a support tip 31 and a bent end 32. The tubular housing 24 has a C-shaped abutment 33 suitable for housing a hinged element or for connecting to another profile rod, and a support tip 34.
Na slici 4 je prikazana toplinski odvojena profilna šipka 20 dobivena od profilne šipke 2 istim operacijama opisanim ranije u vezi sa pretvaranjem hladne profilne šipke i u toplinski odvojenu profilnu šipku 10. Dijelovi slični dijelovima profilnih šipki 2 i 10 označeni su s istim referentnim brojevima. Figure 4 shows a thermally separated profiled bar 20 obtained from profiled bar 2 by the same operations described earlier in connection with the conversion of cold profiled bar into thermally separated profiled bar 10. Parts similar to the parts of profiled bars 2 and 10 are marked with the same reference numbers.
Na Slikama 5 i 6 prikazane su metalna profilna šipka 3 i toplinski odvojena profilna šipka 30 koja je dobivena iz profilne šipke 3 a ima presjek u obliku slova Z. Dijelovi profilni šipki 3 i 30 koji odgovaraju onima profilni šipki 2 i 20 označeni su istim referentnim brojevima. Element vanjske profilne šipke 8 ima cijevno kučište 35 koje ima integralni vršak 23 i dva kruta grebena 15 koji sa stražnjim stijenkama 16 i zubima 11 koji se mogu deformirati, čine udubine 18. Figures 5 and 6 show a metal profile rod 3 and a thermally separated profile rod 30, which is obtained from a profile rod 3 and has a section in the form of the letter Z. The parts of the profile rods 3 and 30 that correspond to those of the profile rods 2 and 20 are marked with the same reference numbers. The element of the outer profile bar 8 has a tubular housing 35 which has an integral tip 23 and two rigid ridges 15 which, with the rear walls 16 and teeth 11 which can be deformed, form depressions 18.
Na slikama 7 18 su prikazane hladna metalna profilna šipka 4 i toplinski odvojena profilna šipka 40 koja je dobivena iz profilne šipke 4 i ima poprečni presjek okrenutog slova L. Dijelovi slični ili koji odgovaraju onima u profilnim šipkama 1, 10 te 3, 30 su označeni istim referentnim brojevima. Cijevne kućište 24 ima potporne vrške 36 prikladne za zahvatanje s drugom profilnom šipkom i dosjed 37 u obliku dvostrukog slova C za šarnirni element, za spojnu šipku (svornik) pomičnog dijela i za dodatnu blokadu. U cijevnom kućištu 35 se nalazi potporni dosjed 38 prikladan za spoj s drugom profilnom šipkom. Figures 7 18 show a cold metal profile bar 4 and a thermally separated profile bar 40, which is obtained from profile bar 4 and has a cross-section of an inverted letter L. Parts similar or corresponding to those in profile bars 1, 10 and 3, 30 are marked the same reference numbers. The tubular housing 24 has supporting tips 36 suitable for engagement with another profile rod and abutment 37 in the form of a double letter C for the hinge element, for the connecting rod (bolt) of the movable part and for additional blocking. In the tubular housing 35, there is a support seat 38 suitable for connection with another profile rod.
Na Slikama 9 i 10 prikazane su hladna metama profilna šipka 5 i toplinski odvojena profilna šipka 50 dobivena iz profilne šipke 5, sa poprečnim presjekom u obliku obrnutog slova L. Dijelovi koji su slični ili odgovaraju dijelovima profilnih šipki 7 i 8 označeni su istim referentnim brojevima. Cijevno kućište 35 ima integralni noseći vršak 39. Figures 9 and 10 show a cold met profile bar 5 and a thermally separated profile bar 50 obtained from profile bar 5, with a cross-section in the shape of an inverted letter L. Parts that are similar or correspond to parts of profile bars 7 and 8 are marked with the same reference numbers . The tubular casing 35 has an integral bearing tip 39.
Na slikama 11 i 12 prikazane su hladna metalna profilna šipka 6 i toplinski odvojena profilna šipka 60 dobivena iz profilne šipke 6 koja ima poprečni presjek u obliku slova T. Dijelovi koji su slični onima profilnih šipki 1 i 10 označeni su istim referentnim brojevima. Figures 11 and 12 show a cold metal profile bar 6 and a thermally separated profile bar 60 obtained from a profile bar 6 having a T-shaped cross-section. Parts similar to those of profile bars 1 and 10 are designated by the same reference numbers.
Na slici 14 grafički je prikazan hladan okvir vrata i prozora s postrance obješenim oknom koje ima fiksni okvir 41 načinjen od profilni šipki 1 i pomičan okvir 42 načinjen od profilni šipki 2. Pod brojem 43 prikazana je brtva smještena u dosjed 28, koji sačinjava spoj prema vršku 34 profilne šipke 2. Figure 14 graphically shows a cold door and window frame with a side-hung window that has a fixed frame 41 made of profile bars 1 and a movable frame 42 made of profile bars 2. Number 43 shows the seal located in the abutment 28, which forms a connection according to tip 34 of profile rod 2.
Na Slici 15 grafički je prikazan toplinski odvojen okvir vrata i prozora sa postrance obješenim oknom koje ima fiksni okvir 44 izrađen od profilni šipki 10 i pomični okvir 45 načinjen od profilnih šipki 20. Figure 15 graphically shows a thermally separated door and window frame with a side-hung window that has a fixed frame 44 made of profile bars 10 and a movable frame 45 made of profile bars 20.
Na slici 16 grafički je prikazan hladan okvir vrata i prozora s nekoliko pokretnih okana koja obuhvaćaju fiksni okvir 46 načinjen od profilni šipki 2 i pomične okvire 47 i 48 načinjene od profilni šipki 4 odnosno 2. Figure 16 graphically shows a cold door and window frame with several movable windows that include a fixed frame 46 made of profile bars 2 and movable frames 47 and 48 made of profile bars 4 and 2, respectively.
Na Slici 17 grafički je prikazan toplinski odvojen okvir vrata i prozora s nekoliko pokretnih okana koja sadrže fiksni okvir 49 izrađen od profilni šipki 20 i pomične okvire 51 i 52 načinjene od profilni šipki 40 odnosno 20. Figure 17 graphically shows a thermally separated door and window frame with several movable windows that contain a fixed frame 49 made of profile bars 20 and movable frames 51 and 52 made of profile bars 40 and 20, respectively.
Na Slici 18 grafički je prikazan okvir načinjen od profilni šipki 2, s prečkom načinjenom od profilne šipke 6, spojene na vertikalne profilne šipke 2 pomoću samonareznih vijaka poput onih označenih sa 53. Vijci 53 prolaze kroz rupe 54 profilne šipke 2 i uvrnuti su u dosjede 28 u obliku slova U profilne šipke 6 kako je također prikazano na Slici i 9. Figure 18 graphically shows a frame made of profile rods 2, with a crossbar made of profile rods 6, connected to vertical profile rods 2 by means of self-tapping screws such as those marked with 53. Screws 53 pass through holes 54 of profile rod 2 and are screwed in 28 in the form of the letter U-shaped profile bar 6 as also shown in Figure and 9.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT93MI002410A IT1264963B1 (en) | 1993-11-12 | 1993-11-12 | COMPLEX OF COLD METAL PROFILES TRANSFORMABLE INTO THERMAL BREAK PROFILES |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP940928A2 true HRP940928A2 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
Family
ID=11367192
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HRMI93A002410A HRP940928A2 (en) | 1993-11-12 | 1994-11-11 | A set of metal cold section bars that can be transformed to termally separated section bars |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0653541B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE151146T1 (en) |
| BG (1) | BG61622B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69402398T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0653541T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2102767T3 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3023976T3 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP940928A2 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU216403B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL111547A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1264963B1 (en) |
| MA (1) | MA23368A1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL179545B1 (en) |
| RO (1) | RO117033B1 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI0653541T1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1290115B1 (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 1998-10-19 | Hydro Aluminium Systems Spa | THERMAL CUT PROFILE |
| ES2304192B1 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2009-06-02 | Expral, S.A. | SEALING PROFILE FOR METAL CLOSURES. |
| ITMI20061534A1 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2008-02-03 | Norsk Hydro As | NON-INSULATED PROFILE SUITABLE FOR REALIZING INSULATED PROFILES FOR THERMAL-CUTTING FRAMES AND RELATIVE ASSEMBLY METHOD |
| DE102023105033A1 (en) * | 2023-03-01 | 2024-09-05 | SCHÜCO International KG | Composite profile, frame and process for producing the composite profile |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2613527A1 (en) * | 1976-03-30 | 1977-10-06 | Willi Meyer | Composite profile for window frame - with two metal profiles and two heat insulating connectors |
| DE2710441A1 (en) * | 1977-03-10 | 1978-09-14 | Nipp & Co Ernst | Dual purpose extruded aluminium window case profile piece - has separable cross stem replaceable by low heat conductive stem |
| NO154352C (en) * | 1979-03-16 | 1986-09-03 | Raufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikker | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR PREPARING A COMPOSITIVE PROFILE. |
| DE2923666C2 (en) * | 1979-06-12 | 1983-06-30 | Wieland-Werke Ag, 7900 Ulm | Process for the production of a thermally insulated composite profile and device for carrying out the process |
| SE8205119L (en) * | 1982-09-09 | 1984-03-10 | Integral Profilsystem Ab | INSULATION OF ALUMINUM PROFILES IN FIXTURE |
| DE3300599C3 (en) * | 1983-01-11 | 1994-08-11 | Gartner & Co J | Composite profile |
| DE3330391A1 (en) * | 1983-08-23 | 1985-03-21 | Hosta-Metallbau, 8400 Regensburg | Composite profile, in particular for windows, doors or façades |
| DE3434149A1 (en) * | 1984-09-18 | 1986-03-27 | Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke AG, 1000 Berlin und 5300 Bonn | ALUMINUM PROFILE |
| DE8800134U1 (en) * | 1987-01-09 | 1988-03-17 | Kemmlit-Bauelemente GmbH, 7400 Tübingen | Profile part for wall constructions for cabins, preferably sanitary cabins |
| IT220076Z2 (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1993-06-09 | Ornago Hydro Alluminio | "METALLIC PROFILE WITH OCTAGONAL SECTION FOR WINDOWS" |
| IT220332Z2 (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1993-09-16 | Hydro Aluminium Systems Spa | METAL COMPOSITE PROFILE FOR WINDOW FRAMES WITH THERMAL INSULATION CHARACTERISTICS |
-
1993
- 1993-11-12 IT IT93MI002410A patent/IT1264963B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1994
- 1994-11-07 DE DE69402398T patent/DE69402398T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-11-07 AT AT94203234T patent/ATE151146T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-11-07 DK DK94203234.3T patent/DK0653541T3/en active
- 1994-11-07 SI SI9430063T patent/SI0653541T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-11-07 IL IL111547A patent/IL111547A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-11-07 EP EP94203234A patent/EP0653541B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-07 ES ES94203234T patent/ES2102767T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-09 MA MA23692A patent/MA23368A1/en unknown
- 1994-11-10 BG BG99176A patent/BG61622B1/en unknown
- 1994-11-10 PL PL94305795A patent/PL179545B1/en unknown
- 1994-11-11 RO RO94-01824A patent/RO117033B1/en unknown
- 1994-11-11 HR HRMI93A002410A patent/HRP940928A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-11-11 HU HU9403254A patent/HU216403B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-07-02 GR GR970401627T patent/GR3023976T3/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1264963B1 (en) | 1996-10-17 |
| MA23368A1 (en) | 1995-07-01 |
| HU9403254D0 (en) | 1995-01-30 |
| PL305795A1 (en) | 1995-05-15 |
| DK0653541T3 (en) | 1997-10-13 |
| GR3023976T3 (en) | 1997-10-31 |
| DE69402398D1 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
| RO117033B1 (en) | 2001-09-28 |
| BG99176A (en) | 1995-11-30 |
| EP0653541A1 (en) | 1995-05-17 |
| IL111547A (en) | 1997-09-30 |
| ITMI932410A1 (en) | 1995-05-12 |
| HU216403B (en) | 1999-06-28 |
| EP0653541B1 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
| DE69402398T2 (en) | 1997-10-23 |
| IL111547A0 (en) | 1995-01-24 |
| SI0653541T1 (en) | 1998-02-28 |
| PL179545B1 (en) | 2000-09-29 |
| BG61622B1 (en) | 1998-01-30 |
| ITMI932410A0 (en) | 1993-11-12 |
| HUT68934A (en) | 1995-08-28 |
| ES2102767T3 (en) | 1997-08-01 |
| ATE151146T1 (en) | 1997-04-15 |
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