HUP0800548A2 - Geothermal energy accumulator having a vapor barrier and method for utilizing vaporization heat in the geothermal energy accumulator - Google Patents

Description

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P489307DE-RÜ 6. January 2009 * COPY

Underground heat storage with vapor barrier and method for utilizing evaporation heat in the underground heat storage

The invention relates to an underground heat storage (hereinafter referred to as: climate heat storage) and a method for heat storage for energy management purposes, with the features according to the subject matter of claims 1 and 20.

The task of building engineering is to purposefully influence the climate factors of the environment and adjust them to people's needs/desires. By bringing about these changes, it becomes necessary to extract energy - most often from the environment -, introduce it or convert it from available energy sources. The Earth's climate impressively shows how important it is to disturb the climatic and ecological balance as little as possible. In the efforts to make better use of energy sources and to explore energy sources that have not been used or can only be used with low efficiency, the use of the Sun as a free energy source is increasingly in the spotlight. Radiant energy is captured by thermal solar collectors, used directly, and stored in heat storage devices. This energy is used to heat, for example, liquid media, in the technologically simplest case, water. The operating costs of solar collectors are low. The difficulties lie in the fact that the amount of incident solar energy fluctuates strongly in daily and seasonal rhythms and basically never corresponds to the current need. For this reason, suitable heat storage is needed, especially if heat pump systems are to be used to supply energy to buildings. Chemical-based heat storage, heat storage in the form of hot water and heat storage in which the soil is simply used as the storage medium are known. Wet soil is an ideal storage medium, as it is practically available for free. With a water content of about 20% by volume, the calorimetric heat capacity is 0.3 times the heat capacity of pure water.

Underground heat storage tanks for heating buildings are placed in the garden of the building to be heated or simply around the building. For many reasons, including poor insulation and the low efficiency of the heat transfer between the storage and the exit, known underground heat storage tanks must have a large volume. A considerable amount of earth must be excavated to lower and install the various insulations. This in itself results in high costs. The plot of land belonging to a building or the amount of soil available is limited. Known underground heat storage tanks can only be used at high cost, or not at all.

-1 P489307DE-RÜ • · · it is not possible to store solar energy from the time of the highest heat drop in summer to the time of the highest consumption in winter.

Utility model DE 76 04 366 describes a heat storage device using the ground as a storage medium, having devices for introducing thermal energy from an energy receiver into the ground and devices for discharging the stored thermal energy to an energy consumer, characterized in that the primary pipe circuit connected to the energy receiver is routed in the ground in the form of loops and the secondary pipe circuit connected to the energy consumer is also routed in the ground at a short distance from the loops of the primary pipe circuit, such that the loops are surrounded from above and at a certain distance from the sides by a jacket made of thermal insulation material.

Further work deals with the possibility of storing heat in the ground. Thus, DE 103 43 544 describes that ground heat can be used basically anywhere. In the upper layers, up to about 20 m, solar radiation influences the ground temperature. In some regions of the Earth, the first meters can be heated by solar radiation to up to 50 °C, or conversely, in winter these layers can cool to or below freezing. This results in a temperature gradient that depends only on the season. The solar energy stored in the ground can be used to heat buildings, for example, by using horizontal solar collectors and heat pumps. This energy is usually called ground heat near the surface.

The combination of solar collectors placed on the roof with devices for utilizing ground heat near the surface, ground collectors or ground probes and heat pumps is known. In most cases, power generation is not planned in these concepts.

In addition to the ground heat near the surface, there is also heat deep below. This comes from three different sources. On the one hand, it is stored energy, which originates from the gravitational energy released during the formation of the Earth. On the other hand, it is the remnant of ancient heat from before the formation of the Earth. On the other hand, it is generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's crust. This heat is stored in the soil, in the ground, due to the low thermal conductivity of rocks.

In addition, underground water flows, aquifers carrying warm or hot water, and soils heated by volcanism can also be used directly for heating and power generation. The geological and technical foundations for this are described in detail in the general literature.

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The use of heat pump technology to utilize heat from various sources has come to the fore, especially in recent years.

In normal operation of heat pump systems, the proportion of working energy that must be expended is less than 25% to produce 100% useful heat with 75% ambient heat. The basic principle of the heat pump is based - as in nature - on the transport of evaporation heat. By creating pressure and/or temperature differences, media evaporate and condense again in the working cycle of heat pump systems, while the energy obtained from the heat source can usually be used for heating rooms and domestic water via the building's energy center.

DE 35 45 622 describes a heat storage system which has a relatively small footprint for long-term storage, so that sensible heat can be made available economically. Here, a storage space with a heat storage medium consisting of earth and/or liquid or steam is provided, in which a vacuum-sealing layer of plastic or sheet metal is arranged, which rests against an external concrete-reinforced concrete wall. The reinforced concrete, concrete and/or iron storage floor, which is constructed from at least one panel element, also has hollow sections for insulation purposes, while the heat storage medium is divided into storage sections with different temperatures or heat contents by at least one horizontal thermal insulation plate.

Further information on the thermal management of soil can be found, for example, on the website www.hypersoil.unimuenster.de. From there it is known that heat is transported in the soil via three mechanisms.

Thermal radiation: Heat transport occurs through the propagation of electromagnetic waves, primarily playing a role in the energy exchange between the atmosphere and the ground surface.

Thermal conduction: Based on the transfer of kinetic energy when molecules collide, it is the most important mechanism of heat transport in humid soils.

Heat flow (convection): Heat energy is transported by water vapor and spread through water flow (groundwater).

If we look at the rather large change in heating capacity in the diagram of Figure 7 for a relatively small temperature change in the available heat sources, we can see large fluctuations that need to be overcome.

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In all the non-hermetic concepts described, there is also the problem that the underground heat storage tank dries out due to the continuous supply of thermal energy. These drying phenomena, especially on the surface of the underground heat storage tank, also lead to substantial water and heat losses. One kilogram of water absorbs approx. 0.628 kWh of thermal energy from its surroundings just for evaporation. This results in a deterioration in the performance of the equipment connected to the underground heat storage tank.

The self-regeneration of known underground heat storage tanks takes a long time, since the underground heat storage tanks are relatively sluggish. It is known, for example, that several underground heat storage tanks are installed, to which heat is constantly supplied, while a connected device only extracts heat from one underground heat storage tank at a time. This ensures a certain continuity of heat extraction by alternating the installed underground heat storage tanks. However, this design requires a very high investment and is too expensive for the heat energy supply of, for example, family houses.

In addition, experiments are being conducted to compensate for the discontinuous temperature gradient in underground heat storage tanks, which results in temperatures above or below the desired brine temperature of the heat pump, by means of mixing devices in the brine circuit of the heat pump, in order to maintain the desired brine temperature for a longer period of time. This shows that it is desirable to maintain the temperature in the underground heat storage tank as constant as possible, within the ideal brine temperature range.

In addition, in order to maintain the temperature as continuously as possible, many systems require a large volume of heat storage medium. Additional insulation and even higher storage temperatures, as described in the prior art, help to limit the required volume of heat storage medium to some extent, but this also requires additional material expenditure. The invention aims to reduce the volume of heat storage medium and/or the technical risks.

If increasing energy yield with closed systems is limited by the size and/or technological effort, open systems with smaller size and/or lower technological effort are preferred. Such systems are effective if they can be implemented without requiring huge dimensions and are also feasible with low technical effort.

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The invention solves the problem by offering a climate heat storage system that is affordable and easy to install, for example for the energy center of a building, which, depending on the conditions inside and outside the climate heat storage system, enables the optimal storage and readiness of thermal energy at advantageous source temperatures in a space-saving manner that can be implemented with little technical effort.

The problem is solved with a climate heat storage device, which has at least one bell-shaped upper and one all-round, gas-impermeable side insulation of the storage space of the climate heat storage device. Heat can be supplied to the storage medium containing the unsaturated fluid of the climate heat storage device via the first system. The heating of the heat storage medium inside the climate heat storage device takes place at normal air pressure, while the evaporation of the fluid begins, whereby heat can be stored in the climate heat storage device within the bell-shaped insulation through the specific heat capacity of the liquid and gaseous fluid. Heat is extracted from the climate heat storage device via the second system for use in the energy center of the building. This first leads to condensation of the fluid and then to cooling of the heat storage medium of the climate heat storage, while at the same time a humidification system is arranged at least in the region of the upper insulation.

The latter allows the addition of fluid to adjust the heat storage capacity of the climate heat storage medium to an optimal range for the operation of the building's energy supply.

The associated procedure is based on the recognition that a defined amount of adhesive water is formed in the soil at defined temperatures. Adhesive water is understood as the adsorption and capillary water that is distributed as a layer on the surface of minerals and conically above the phase boundaries of the solid components of the soil.

The chemical-physical composition of the soil structure determines the layer thickness and quantitative distribution of the adhesive water. Highly absorbent soils act due to the attractive effect resulting from the dipole nature of liquid water and/or the large surface area of the mineral components.

Some mineral salts, when exposed to air and at the right temperature, literally absorb water, and clay can store more water than sand. Theoretically, it would therefore be sufficient to adjust the storage medium once with the fluid, and then exploit the physical processes taking place at the phase boundaries of the solid components of the soil towards the pore contents.

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It is known that water molecules on the water surface are constantly separated from their liquid or solid bonds by their own movement, and vice versa. This property is called vapor pressure in its explicit form. According to this, it would be possible to assess how much water vapor is in the air - and consequently how much evaporated fluid is in the pore volume - at a certain temperature based on the course of the vapor pressure.

While the vapor pressure table can be used to determine the expected humidity above the phase boundaries in the air, the properties of the solid storage medium in the soil also play a role. Electrostatic attraction limits vapor diffusion and thus also impairs the behavior of the water part in the fluid. We can interpret a minimum water layer thickness required for a certain temperature as a model, from which the same conditions apply to the vapor pressure as in the case of a free water surface. Due to the very small size of the mineral components (clay), hardly any pore volume is expected at low temperatures. Vapor diffusion is therefore significantly limited.

When exploring the use of ground heat, this complex relationship must be mastered. The system control abstractly regulates the optimal water volume setting according to temperature and soil quality. The lion's share of storage use is not primarily due to heat conduction, but to the heat flow taking place in the pore volume (void volume). The climatic heat storage is characterized by the fact that under climatic conditions such as those at the soil surface, completely new performance parameters become available.

One to five mm of precipitation evaporates from the earth's surface every day, depending on solar radiation, air temperature, air pressure and wind conditions. This releases between 0.628 and 3.14 kWh of heat of evaporation into the atmosphere per ^m2 of area.

The first system for introducing thermal energy into the soil produces the same effect in the presence of a suitable fluid. If the technique does not focus on the specific heat capacity of the soil and thus on the highest possible water content, but on choosing a water layer thickness at which a small change in temperature leads to greater evaporation and condensation, then the subsystems can draw on many times the otherwise possible performance. The inventors' idea uses a spatial distribution model to explain this.

For example, soil contains 60% solids, 20% fluid and 20% pores (voids). In the case of a cubic meter of soil, this would mean that if we wanted to change the fluid layer thickness by 2.5%, assuming the given fluid ratio as 100%, then 3.14 kWh of thermal energy would have to be extracted from the soil.

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Theoretically, the condensation capacity of one cubic meter, maintained for 32 days, could increase the storage medium volume reduced to 4% fluid ratio to 20% fluid ratio. The condensation of 16% fluid would correspond to 100 kWh of heat equivalent, thus producing within one month the annual primary energy demand of almost all heated parts of the building corresponding to the roof surface.

Unlike systems that are open to the sides and upwards, water or water vapor with a higher temperature and therefore usually less density cannot rise to the surface of the earth and evaporate.

The water vapor balance formed in the soil by the energy input remains in a kind of bubble under the bell. The stored heat is not used for evaporation/transpiration processes, the heat transport towards the surface is significantly slowed down. However, the increased water vapor pressure leads to a permanent decrease in the concentration of fluid absorbed in the organic-mineral soil phase (relative drying).

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the bell-shaped envelope and the humidification system, which is sized depending on the output and the level thickness Z-number, have a common, layer-like structure above and around the soil volume designed as a climate heat storage.

The layered structure can take many forms, depending on the prevailing boundary conditions. The layered structure depends in particular on the prevailing properties of the soil in the climate heat storage.

At least one layer as a vapor barrier layer, or in most cases a vapor barrier layer and an additional expansion layer facing inwards towards the climate heat storage system as a functional layer, must be installed as top and side insulation.

The layered structure in the preferred embodiment, which can be used in various ways, comprises, for example, a first, upper/outer and a third, lower/inner functional layer in the upper region, which delimits the climate-heat storage at the top.

The layered structure in this design is also formed in the lateral, circumferential region of the climate heat storage with a first, lateral and a third, lateral functional layer delimiting the climate heat storage.

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These functional layers can be designed as a protective layer and/or an insulating layer and/or an expansion layer and/or a drain layer.

The second layer, formed as a vapor barrier between the first and third layers, prevents the uncontrolled ingress and egress of moisture/precipitation and moisture/vapor.

The wetting system is usually placed as a second layer under the vapor barrier layer, and its design is also preferably layered.

There are many variations of the layer structure. The second layer should always be placed as a vapor barrier and the wetting system inside.

The first and third functional layers in the upper region - above and below - and the first and third functional layers in the lateral region - inside and outside - can be placed either by using both or by using only one of the two functional layers, where, as described above, in most cases a lower expansion layer is always placed as a functional layer for the upper insulation, and an inner expansion layer is placed as a functional layer for the lateral, all-round insulation.

In this case, the placed functional layers with a predetermined function can be designed as both an expansion layer and a protective layer and/or an insulating layer and/or a drain layer.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, vapor barrier films, such as simple pond films or strip sheets made of waterproof concrete with a supporting base plate, or the like, may be used as vapor barrier.

For base plates made of waterproof concrete used as a vapor barrier - top insulation over properly installed strip boards - side insulation - no top or external protection or drainage is required to drain accumulated moisture below the surface.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, wetting gaps located in the wetting system allow the creation of the desired fluid balance in the event of unfavorable dryness or cooling options.

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P489307DE-RÜ

The first functional layer in the upper region and the outer functional layer in the lateral region can also be omitted if the climate-heat storage tank is covered with mineral-solid material.

The humidification system draws the fluid to be fed into the storage volume from a tank. Drinking water, rainwater cleaned of suspended matter or decalcified, filtered groundwater is usually sufficient to prevent clogging of the humidification pipes, which are usually located under the vapor barrier. The drain pipes should be laid as evenly as possible above the storage volume of the climate-heat storage tank and, if possible, should be made of perforated pipe material in an endless manner.

The required fluid to be added, which can be determined manually or with an automatic dosing device, depends on the soil quality and the desired working range. The line leading to the distribution system is equipped with a check valve and a counter, as well as a device for manually opening and closing the distribution system, preferably an inclined seat valve.

In the climate heat storage tank, at least one humidity sensor and at least one temperature sensor are arranged to determine the temperature and the absolute and/or relative humidity of the optimum range for the heat storage capacity of the fluid-containing heat storage medium of the climate heat storage tank. The heat input and output are recorded by heat meters. The storage capacity of the fluid in the ground and thus the discharge behavior of the climate heat storage tank can be controlled, regulated and thus optimized in the desired operating range by the humidification system. In the simplest case, monitoring can be carried out by automatic differential control.

The climate heat storage tank is bounded downwards by a collar line which corresponds to the lower end of the lateral surround. The cover delimits the climate heat storage tank upwards.

The subsystem of the first system, located in the climate heat storage, serving to input thermal energy, is, for example, a serpentine tube bundle, multilayer polymer sheets allowing flow over part or the entire surface, and the like.

When using pipe bundles, the pipe bundles in the ground, the extraction subsystem of the second system located in the climate heat storage and the heat energy transfer to the fluid-containing heat storage medium of the climate heat storage of the first system located in the climate heat storage are used.

-9...,.

P489307DE-RÜ :* The Η* introduction subsystem must be laid horizontally and preferably in layers, at a pre-defined distance depending on the current application conditions.

The distance/thickness of the bases between the input and output levels of the climate thermal storage system depends in particular on the composition of the soil.

A rule of thumb, for example, is that in low-absorbent soils (gravelly sand) the pipe bundle should be placed in the ground at a distance of approximately 50 cm, and in highly absorbent soils (loess, clay) at a height of approximately 25 cm.

The preferred arrangement is a horizontal, underground pipe bundle with varying flow direction.

Above the heat input level there is a heat extraction level, etc. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the heat extraction level is located as the topmost level.

The density difference between the heated and fresh moisture/humidity concentration, which is considered favorable, accelerates the condensation and adsorption of the evaporated, rising water into the substrate at the extraction point or extraction level, through the corresponding buoyancy force acting towards the upper levels and the energy transfer within the climate heat storage. For this reason, one of the heat extraction levels of the second system is located as the upper level in the climate heat storage.

The subsystem of the first system of the building's energy center, located in the climate heat storage, serving to input thermal energy, may also be the system radiating element according to EP 1 523 223.

In the case of using soil probes, the arrangement of the soil probes of the first subsystem located in the climate heat storage, which serves to introduce thermal energy into the fluid-containing heat storage medium of the climate heat storage, is vertical, preferably vertical in the case of using several soil probes, at a pre-specified distance from each other.

In the case of using at least one or more system radiating elements as the first subsystem of the first system for introducing thermal energy into the fluid-containing heat storage medium of the climate heat storage, located in the climate heat storage, the arrangement of the system radiating element(s) is horizontal and/or vertical, at a pre-defined distance.

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Finally, in the preferred embodiment of the method, the forward branch of the subsystem for inputting heat energy and the return branch of the subsystem for extracting heat energy are passed through the fluid-containing heat storage medium of the climate heat storage, through one or more contact tanks or contact sections located next to/above its medium, distant from its medium, where a fluid transporting/storing heat energy is also located.

Smoothing of the curves characterized by the fluctuating heat input of the first system of the building's energy center and the fluctuating heat output of the second system is available.

The utilization of the specific heat capacity/thermal conductivity of the fluid, preferably water, has the effect of improving energy input and increasing extraction performance.

In the simplest case, the flow branch of the first subsystem for the input of thermal energy and the return branch of the second subsystem for the extraction of thermal energy are implemented as pipe bundles with opposite flow directions installed in water-filled tanks.

For example, tanks or earth tanks with a capacity of up to ten thousand liters, made of concrete or injection molding, with built-in tube bundles or connected plate heat transfer systems, are common in the trade.

For example, the large energy input from the thermal solar collectors through the pipes of the first subsystem can be released much more effectively in the contact tank than in the climate thermal storage tank.

The excess energy stored in the contact tank can be released at night or transferred to the storage medium of the climate-heat storage tank.

In addition to continuous input, buffering is also important, as is the case with the use of evaporation heat, when making thermal energy available.

With contact tanks, efficiencies are often higher, as the temperatures in the climate thermal storage tank are subject to smaller fluctuations overall in relation to the heat pump on/off operating states, and the temperature change required for optimal efficiency can be better adjusted. The heat pump system can therefore be operated more efficiently with the contact tank.

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P489307DE-RÜ T *’·* · *

It is preferred that the pre-defined distances between the horizontally, layered pipe bundles and/or vertically arranged soil probes and/or other energy sources in the climate heat storage can be larger when a contact tank or contact section is integrated into the climate heat storage, or that some levels can be omitted completely and the storages themselves can be made smaller in space.

The first system, with its first subsystem outside the underground heat storage, which may be hydraulically separated, is a system based on the cooling absorber of a thermal solar system and/or a photovoltaic system and/or the extractable process heat of other systems and/or a conventional heat generator/air conditioner.

The second subsystem for extracting heat energy, in addition to the climate heat storage, is supplemented as a heat pump device or a conventional system for extracting heat energy with a pump group, the associated heat exchanger or the like.

The second subsystem for extracting heat energy - designed as a heat pump system - can also be used with the subsystem of the second system located outside the climate heat storage to feed heat energy into the climate heat storage (cooling function). A suitable switchover ensures both heating and cooling operation via the heat pump system in cooperation with a connected air conditioning system.

By means of the method according to patent claim 20, the heat storage capacity of the heat storage medium of the climate heat storage is monitored, controlled and regulated. The system is optimized by introducing fluid into the climate heat storage via the humidification system, thereby keeping the energy center of the building - depending on the physical boundary conditions acting on the climate heat storage - in a range favorable for operation.

The new method is characterized in that, with regard to the characteristics of the subject matter of patent claim 20, heat is introduced into the heat storage medium of the climate heat storage containing an unsaturated fluid through the first system, which, under essentially the same, normal air pressure within the climate heat storage, first leads to the heating of the heat storage medium and the fluid and at the same time to the evaporation of the fluid, whereby a quantity of heat can be stored in the climate heat storage through the specific heat capacity/enthalpy of evaporation of the liquid and gaseous fluid at any given time, and moves in the air in an effort to equalize the pressure, this quantity of heat is first transferred through the condensation of the fluid through the second system, and then through the climate

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- In addition to cooling the heat storage medium of the 12P489307DE-RÜ heat storage and the fluid in the climate heat storage, the heat is extracted for use in the energy center of the building, in addition to controlling and regulating the heat storage capacity of the heat storage medium of the climate heat storage by introducing fluid into the climate heat storage through a humidification system in order to keep the energy center of the building - depending on the physical boundary conditions acting on the climate heat storage - in a range favorable for operation.

Preferably, the condensation of the fluid automatically leads to the rewetting of the climate heat storage.

The simultaneous heat input and heat output leads to an increase or decrease in the temperature of the storage medium and the fluid layer by layer, and then to the evaporation or condensation of the fluid in the climate heat storage from bottom to top through the temperature/pressure difference in the layers.

Conversely, the fluid condensed on the second subsystem is evenly distributed on the surface of the solid components of the storage medium due to the increasing adsorption effect relative to the vapor pressure at decreasing temperature. When approaching the first subsystem for heat input, the process described above begins again.

This means that the change in physical parameters in the climate heat storage can be technically utilized in the soil body through parameters that also exist on the earth's surface.

When the climate heat storage tank is filled - meaning the input of thermal energy through the first system, which is, for example, a solar system - a temperature-dependent water vapor balance is established under the bell.

The bell - the upper and lateral covering that prevents vapor diffusion - therefore reduces the energy loss due to the molecular self-motion of the gas/water molecules of the air/water vapor mixture in the climate heat storage. A climate heat storage space that can be defined indoors, separated from the environment in a gas-impermeable manner at the top and sides, and open downwards, is created.

The free path downwards must not be blocked by entering the collar line of the layers that constantly carry surface water, otherwise we would be dealing with a closed system.

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However, the downward-open interior space under the bell prevents the air-water vapor mixture from rising to the ground surface and thus the drying out of the storage medium. The increase in temperature in the system inevitably leads to a decrease in the adhering water.

If the energy input does not occur by radiation from the surface, but by heating the lower part of the bell volume through the first heat input system, then the temperature there will consequently increase and with it the water vapor concentration, while the fluid concentration and density will decrease.

The invention utilizes the formation of a vapor bubble depending on the temperature increase of the heat storage medium layer by layer.

While the water vapor in the comparative example is first distributed in the atmosphere by the wind and can later condense into fog and clouds, the energy extraction with a heat pump brine line is sufficient to condense the vapor into water.

Meanwhile, it is interesting that the processes take place at normal atmospheric pressure, so 1 l of water condenses from about 0.3 m ³ of vapor at about 20 °C. Therefore, it also becomes clear that a closed system cannot achieve this magnitude at normal atmospheric pressure. In closed systems, warming causes an unwanted increase in gas pressure, and thus the effect of concentration shifts and concentration equalization in the climate heat storage is at least partially eliminated.

The steam distribution produced in the open system discussed here - a vapor-tight but open-bottomed climate-thermal storage - can best be compared to pouring water into a sauna. In the climate-thermal storage, only the density and vapor pressure difference under the bell, combined with the natural energy movement from high to low heat levels, transports more and more water vapor to the extraction levels.

While evaporation in nature promotes cloud formation and rainfall, the extraction level, which is always above the intake level, fills itself with water until it is saturated.

However, the input and output cannot be continued indefinitely. Since, with standard dimensions, an annual heating and cooling energy requirement of 40-100 kWh per square meter is to be expected, the significant advantage of the invention becomes clear. Of the absolute fluid ratio of 14-28%, 4% can be converted from the gaseous state to the liquid state. In eight days, one m ³

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- 14P489307DE-RÜ A quarter of the annual energy requirement can be extracted from the heat storage medium and the unsaturated part of the fluid for heating or introduced into them for cooling.

No other known system has these parameters and an approximately constant input/output for both the amount of thermal energy and the temperature in the climate thermal storage. This pushes the economic quality of the application of heat pump technology into previously unachievable ranges.

According to experience, designers and installers assume that heating systems operate for 2,000 operating hours per year between September 1 and April 30 of the following year. This equates to approximately 8 operating hours per day for a system, sometimes a little more, sometimes a little less.

As a result, it is clear that the preliminary data of the designers are as close as possible to the natural conditions. Just as in the sizing of building mechanical systems, the approximation to the climate regulations can be recognized. When coordinated with each other, the most economical solutions are obtained, because they involve the least amount of work.

The above relationship shows the criteria for sizing systems optimized for heat pump use. The storage medium must be set to a water content at which the evaporation rate approximately corresponds to the condensation rate. The result of this setting is that the fluid that evaporates in the inlet region of the first subsystem over a relatively long period of time condenses in the outlet region of the second subsystem.

This process is not so much characterized by a change in temperature, but rather by a change in the concentration of the water portion at the levels. The result is that in the second subsystem the base temperature does not decrease linearly compared to the heat extraction, but rather allows the heat pump to be supplied with approximately the same brine parameters over periods and days. There is a temperature and vapor pressure drop between the levels of the subsystems, and the water vapor is transported through the free pore space or felt channels. This fulfills the task of continuously extracting thermal energy with the smallest possible medium storage, adjusted to the optimal operating range of the heat pumps.

It should be noted that if heat is introduced through the first subsystem for a sufficiently long period of time and a low layer thickness and water content are achieved in the entire storage space, the withdrawal lines may still freeze when the heat pump is started. This is because the fluid content in the area of the lines of the second subsystem is too low for the start of heat withdrawal.

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- 15P489307DE-RÜ has been reduced to a concentration that is too low. The condensate that forms is not immediately distributed over the warm, dry sand layer surrounding the extraction pipes. Icing can be prevented by introducing a small amount of water using the humidification system a few minutes before the heat pump is put into operation. This creates the cross section required for the distribution of the condensate. Evaporation, diffusion, condensation and icing do not take place in the diffusion-promoting sand layers surrounding the extraction pipes, but as intended, between the inlet and extraction levels.

Without sophisticated analysis methods, the optimal steam concentrations, the so-called condensation heat sets, can be set from the temperature curves determined from the heat storage medium. Once the required value has been reached in the storage medium, humidification is interrupted.

The water vapor trapped under the bell and the heat stored in it do not reach the ground surface, or only via bypass routes, for example, the vapor escaping from the side, under the side insulation. Slowing down the heat transfer with a vapor barrier and insulating the upper and side areas is sufficient to meet the requirements of the climate heat storage.

The invention thus relates to the following:

a) primary use of the heat of evaporation of the fluid-containing heat storage medium,

b) significant reduction in space requirements,

c) continuity of input and output cycles,

d) optimized heat source temperature for heat pumps,

e) reduction in primary energy demand,

f) simultaneous use in air conditioning and/or domestic water and/or heating systems represents a completely new alternative.

The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment and the accompanying drawings.

The figures:

Figure 1: exemplary building energy center with climate heat storage;

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Figure 1A enlarged schematic cross-section - vertical section - of the first example of the construction of the upper layer of the climate-thermal storage; Figure 2 enlarged schematic cross-section - vertical section - of the second example of the construction of the upper layer of the climate-thermal storage; Figure 3 enlarged schematic sectional view - vertical section - of the third example of the construction of the upper layer of the climate-thermal storage; Figure 4 enlarged schematic sectional view - vertical section - of the fourth example of the construction of the upper layer of the climate-thermal storage; Figure 5A, 5B enlarged schematic sectional view - 5A: vertical section, 5B: horizontal section - of the fifth embodiment of the layer series of the side cover of the climate-heat storage; Figure 6 enlarged schematic sectional view - vertical section - of the sixth example of the construction of the upper and lateral covering of the climate-thermal storage; Figure 7 diagram of heat pump heating capacity (kW) versus heat source temperature (°C) [source: Elcotherm AG, Switzerland]

Figure 1 shows the energy center of a building, Figure 1A shows an enlarged view of the layered structure in the upper region (600) of the first embodiment.

Figure 1 shows a first system (10) for inputting thermal energy. A second system (20) is used for extracting thermal energy, where the systems (10, 20) are integrated with their respective heat input and output subsystems into a climate heat storage system (80).

The climate heat storage (80) can be installed under the building, as in the illustrated embodiment in the ground next to the building, or even as a raised bed, partly above/outside the ground. In the space between the input and output levels, just the amount of soil is planned that has the optimal storage capacity Z-diffusion required for the agreed heat transfer.

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As a first system for the input of thermal energy, a thermal solar installation (10) is shown in Figure 1 by way of example with a flow line (10VL) and a return line (10RL).

As a second system for extracting thermal energy from the climate heat storage tank (80), a heat pump system (20) is shown here by way of example with a brine supply line (20VL) and a brine return line (20RL). The solar and brine lines 10VL, 10RL and 20VL, 20RL are separate systems.

Through suitable heat exchangers according to the principle of known heat pump systems, the extracted heat energy in the heat pump device (20) (not shown in more detail) becomes usable for a heat consumer, for example heating, optionally domestic water, where Figure 1 shows in principle a heat branch (30) with a flow and return branch (30VL/30RL), which leads to heat consumers not shown in more detail.

The climate heat storage (80) is made, for example, from natural and/or specially prepared soil with additives (salt, clay) for the climate heat storage (80). In order to ensure that the heat storage medium of the climate heat storage (80) has the best possible heat storage behavior, the climate heat storage (80) is provided with insulation (60) in the upper and lateral areas.

The insulation (60) includes a top insulation (600) and a side insulation (60S), wherein a wetting system (70) is arranged in the region of the top insulation (600).

The insulation (60) and the humidification system (70) have a common layer-like structure in the upper region (600) of the climate-heat storage (80) designed as a storage space (40).

The insulation (600, 60S) basically always consists of at least the vapor barrier (60B) and the associated wetting system (70). Most often, at least one additional functional layer is placed above or below, or on the inside or outside of the side, which, as described above, can perform various functions.

In the following, we describe a practically possible embodiment, which nevertheless does not limit the invention in terms of the arrangement, the number of pieces and the presented layer structure of the vapor barrier layer, or the functional layers that can be placed.

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An enlarged detail view of a first, upper and a third, lower functional layer (60A, 60C) showing the upper insulation (600) is shown in Figure 1A.

A vapor barrier (60C) is located as a second layer between the first, upper and the third, lower functional layers (60A, 60C), where the wetting system (70) is always formed below this vapor barrier (60C).

In Figure 1A, the fluid is symbolically represented by water droplets under the wetting system (70), indicating that the wetting system (70) is designed as a type of leakage system.

The insulation (60) in the side region (60S) of the climate-heat storage (80) designed as a storage space (40) also advantageously has a layer-like structure, which is formed with a first, outer functional layer that externally delimits a third, inner insulation (60A, 60C).

The vapor barrier (60C) is a layer that is impermeable to vapor and liquid. The respective first and third protective layers (60A, 60C) are designed as a first - upper/outer - and third - lower/inner - layer of the insulation (60) in the upper region (600) and in the lateral region (60S) for example as a protection as a weatherproof felt mat or as a protective insulation and at the same time as insulation boards that have an expansion function. The insulation boards can absorb the expansion of the climate heat storage (80) in the event of thermal expansion of the volume of the climate heat storage (80).

The functional layers serve to delimit the climate-heat storage unit (80) and ensure that the vapor barrier (60B) is not exposed to damage in terms of the moisture resistance of the climate-heat storage unit (80).

The functional layers can be placed both at the top and/or bottom - top insulation (600) - and outside and/or inside - side insulation (60S) - for insulation and expansion.

If the insulation is made of concrete elements or similarly rigid vapor domes, the functional layer for absorbing expansions must always be placed inside the climate heat storage (80), and the upper or outer functional layer (60A) can be omitted.

The respective first and third protective layers (60A, 60C) serve to protect the foil against the soil on both sides and against the drainage system (70) under the vapor barrier.

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It is of course fundamentally conceivable that the separating protective layer (60A or 60C) is placed on only one side, and in principle it may even be sufficient to lay down a foil as a vapor barrier (60C) without the functional layers (60A, 60C).

According to the invention, in the climate heat storage (80), at least one temperature sensor (90) and at least one humidity sensor (100) are arranged to determine the temperature T and the absolute or relative humidity ρ, φ in the fluid-containing heat storage medium, so that the storage capacity in the ground can be controlled and regulated in the desired operating range via the humidification system (70), and thus optimized. Finally, heat quantity meters help in recording the storage behavior curves in the first and second subsystems (not shown in more detail).

As shown in Figure 1, the subsystem for inputting thermal energy in the climate thermal storage (80) is a tube bundle, and the subsystem for extracting thermal energy in the climate thermal storage (80) is also a tube bundle.

The thermal energy is fed into the climate heat storage tank (80) via the thermal solar system (10) via the flow line (10VL), where we first assume that no contact space/contact tank (50) is located.

In the climate heat storage (80), for example, via pipelines laid at a certain distance (A) through the supply branch (10VL) of the thermal solar system (10), heat energy is stored in the climate heat storage (80), and then, after the heat energy has been released, the cooled heat-carrying medium is returned to the thermal solar system, in particular to the illustrated collector, through the return branch (10RL) for further heating.

This heat input, of course, only occurs if there is sufficient heat available through the source, which is solar energy in this case.

From the heat pump device (20) illustrated by way of example, the cold brine of the heat pump device (20) is also passed through the climate heat storage device (80) in layers, at a defined distance (A), via the flow branch (20VL).

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A certain amount of heat is extracted from the climate heat storage (80) and is discharged through the supply and return lines (20VL, 20RL) and, according to the compression-decompression principle, through the heat line designated as the consumer (30VL/30RL).

For thermal energy extraction, the second system (20) can be implemented not only as a horizontally laid, layered pipe bundle, but also as a vertically arranged ground probe or several vertically arranged ground probes. Here, several ground probes are placed in the climate heat storage (80), where a certain distance can also be specified in advance (not shown in detail).

The use of a system radiating element for introducing heat into the climate heat storage (80) in combination with or alone the described soil probes and/or pipe bundles (not shown) is also conceivable.

Depending on the soil properties, the following outputs can be expected for such installations, in which the heat is extracted from the climate heat storage (80) via the second system (20) using soil probes or pipe bundles. Depending on the water content of the soil, a maximum output of around 100-150 W/m (probe length) can be achieved with spiral soil probes. In the case of very dry soils, the maximum output drops to around 50 W/m.

In the case of traditional ground collectors, extractable powers of approximately 4065 W/m ² apply from wet to clay/sandy soils. In unfavorable conditions, for example in stony, dry soil, the maximum extractable power drops to approximately 20-32 W/m ² .

These data show that both the use of soil probes in a vertical arrangement at a predetermined distance and the use of soil collectors in a horizontal, layered arrangement at a predetermined distance in dry soil or in earth significantly reduces the extractable power. It is therefore desirable to be able to optimally adjust the heat in the earth by optimizing the ratio of solid components and liquid water components, in which case both water and steam should serve as storage media in the climate heat storage system made of earth (80).

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Depending on the locally different temperatures produced at any given time in the climate heat storage (80), the vapor pressure in the climate heat storage (80) increases/decreases, thereby causing the desired phase transformations, such that parts of the liquid evaporate/condense/adsorb.

The building's energy center is designed to make optimal use of the available supply and withdrawal cycles. The behavior of the water in the ground is decisive for this. The water concentration increases in the area of transitions from various solar or process heat sources at the supply. The water absorbs the heat of evaporation required for the temperature-dependent equilibrium of the water concentration from the respective supply level in contact or in indirect proximity.

In order to prevent this latent heat of evaporation from being lost for storage inside the climate heat storage (80) and from rising into the atmosphere, the previously described insulation (60) as top insulation and the side insulation (60S) are designed as described.

The latent heat of evaporation, in addition to the sensible heat stored in the water/rock in the liquid state, is retained, like under a bell, inside the vapor barrier (60C), in the climate heat storage (80).

The cooling or extraction of thermal energy through the second system (20) passing through the climate heat storage (80) leads to condensation of the vapor, until the aqueous phase freezes.

As in the atmosphere, the previously evaporated, rising water condenses/adsorbs in the colder layers above. The water droplets condense on the spiral ground heat probes or tube bundles, then seep downwards under the bell through the ground of the climate heat storage (80) towards the individual input and output levels.

Furthermore, the loss of water due to the constant supply of thermal energy can, as already described, even lead to the drying out of the underground heat storage (80). The regeneration of the underground heat storage (80) can be achieved by humidification.

Water is introduced into the humidification system (70) from a service or rainwater tank (not shown) when the humidity in the underground heat storage (80) drops below a defined critical level and/or the temperature rises above a defined critical level. The

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-22P489307DE-RÜ measured for the storage area, for example, up to 2.5 l/m ² of climate-heat storage (80) storage area is introduced into the storage medium per day.

It is noteworthy that 1 L of fluid, especially water, absorbs approximately 0.628 kWh of heat of vaporization, and therefore a relatively small amount needs to be kept ready for optimal dosing.

The existing coupled system consisting of insulation (60) and humidification system (70) thus serves on the one hand to retain the heat energy introduced via the first system (thermal solar system, 10) within the climate heat storage (80) and on the other hand to optimize the water content (humidity) within the climate heat storage (80). However, during the humidification of the climate heat storage (80), a kind of wet gravel must not be formed, similar to the aquifer storage. This is ensured by the temperature and humidity measurement (90, 100).

The humidification system (70) can also be used for the initial humidification of the storage body established as a climate-thermal storage (80). Later, the humidification system (70) is only used to restore/adjust the climate-thermal storage (80) that was originally brought into the optimal range.

The performance of the storage tank, like the efficiency of the heat pump, depends to a very large extent on the favorable operating ranges, the fluctuation width of which must be small. In solar thermal systems, the fluctuations in the day and night heat supply alone account for about 30% of the performance loss, calculated on the seasonal yield.

It is therefore necessary that the heat input and heat removal in the climate heat storage (80) occur with as little fluctuation as possible within the optimum temperatures and favorable water content. A large heat extraction through the second system (20) without at the same time heat input through the first system (10), or a continuous heat input through the first system (10) without adequate heat extraction through the second system (20), is unfavorable.

Since the heat energy entering through the first system (10) and the heat removal required through the second system (20) do not always correspond to each other, the performance of the climate heat storage (80) and thus the efficiency of the heat pump and also the entire energy center of the building can be improved and the efficiency can be increased by placing a contact space (50) or - as shown in Figure 1 - a contact tank (50) in the climate heat storage (80). This contact tank (50) is preferably filled with fluid.

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-23P489307DE-RÜ is filled with water, which has a high specific heat capacity, where the lines for heat input and heat removal of the respective subsystems of the first and second systems (10, 20) are routed through the contact tank (50).

This process leads to the fact that the heat input energy in the forward branch (10VL) from the first system (10) first remains in the buffer (50) due to the much better transition.

This consequently results in an equivalently higher energy level in the brine of the heat pump system in the return branch (20RL) of the second system (20) for extracting thermal energy.

The contact tank (50) has a certain pre-defined, correctable saturation level (50A), where the current volume of the contact tank (50) determines the amount of heat that can be temporarily stored.

As shown, the flow branch (10VL) of the thermal solar system (10) is led through the contact tank (50), in which the appropriate heat is first transferred to the water in the contact tank (50), and then the flow branch (10VL) is led through the climate heat storage tank (80) in layers - from top to bottom - where the residual heat of the medium in the circuit in the thermal solar system (10) and returned via the return branch is transferred.

First, the flow branch (20VL) of the second system (20) is routed in a layered manner in a kind of pipe bundle - from top to bottom - through the climate heat storage tank (80) so that the brine solution, which may have been cooled below 0 °C and which comes from the heat pump (20), is preheated. After the heat is extracted, the return branch (20RL) of the heat pump device (20) is returned from the climate heat storage tank (80) to the contact tank (50) above.

The most favorable brine temperature level must be set with a temperature limiter. The heat can be absorbed more efficiently in the contact tank (50) than in the climate heat storage tank itself (80). The heat pump (20) then transfers the heat, which comes from the temperature difference ΔΤ of the brine, to the heating branch 30VL/RL, in accordance with the required temperature level there.

It is preferable to connect the flow branch (10VL) of the subsystem to the climate heat storage or to the contact space (50) for the input of heat energy, and the return branch (20RL) of the subsystem to the

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-24P489307DE-RÜ are routed opposite each other to extract heat energy. Parallel routing of the lines is of course also conceivable. If the contact liquid in the contact tank (50) threatens to freeze without heat replenishment from the first system (10) due to a brine temperature permanently below 0 °C in the return line (20RL), the contact tank (50) is emptied.

The contact tank (50) correlates the times with statistically higher heat demand with the times with lower heat demand. This avoids an unfavorable temperature difference in the climate heat storage (80).

The systems (10) and (29) for heat input to and heat extraction from the heat storage (80) can be scaled down accordingly, thereby overcoming the inertia of the soil when charging or extracting thermal energy.

Finally, Figure 2 shows a further example of implementation. For example, a building body is already placed above the storage space (40), which, as a first, upper functional layer (60A), can already take over the upper protection of the vapor barrier (60B).

The task of the upper boundary functional layer (60A) can therefore already be fulfilled by one of the building components. The conventionally made base plate with the absorption-preventing crushed stone, gravel or recycled material layers underneath still requires the following, schematically illustrated structure of the upper insulation (600).

The first, upper functional layer (60A) as a protective layer for the vapor barrier (60B) is formed by the base plate of the building body. This is followed by the vapor barrier (60B) as a second layer, under which there is a functional layer (60C), preferably felt mat or the like. Under the felt mat (60C) or partially in it is located the wetting system (70).

The humidification system (70) is again bounded from below by a functional layer (60C), preferably felt mat, towards the storage space (40) of the climate-heat storage (80), to protect the humidification system (70).

According to Figure 3, which corresponds to a third embodiment, in climate heat storage (80) in which sandy soils are used in the storage space, the third, lower functional layer (60C) is omitted. The drain lines of the humidification system (70) in the climate heat storage (80) according to Figure 3 can be laid directly in the soil of the storage space (40).

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Figure 4 shows a fourth embodiment example, which illustrates the layer structure in particular in open areas. The upper insulation (600) shown here has the following layers when the climate heat storage (80) is constructed in open areas, i.e. not under a building structure.

As a first layer (110), soil (110) must be applied, under it first a felt mat as a first, upper functional layer (60A), and under this a foil as a second layer (60B) must be placed. As a protection for the vapour barrier (60B) against the wetting system (70), a third functional layer (60B) must be laid over the wetting system (70). The wetting system (70) itself receives another functional layer as protection, this corresponds to the third functional layer (60C), and again consists of felt mat.

The felt mat (60C) placed under the vapor barrier (60B) can advantageously be an insulating board in order to provide protective and insulating properties as well as expansion properties, so that protection and insulation are ensured against heat losses from the heat storage, or it prevents them, and it can accommodate the expansion of the climate-heat storage (80).

Low installation depths/heights and undesirably heat-conducting cover layers make it necessary that the lower functional layer, which is designed as a vapor barrier (60B) above the humidification system (70) in Figure 4, is also designed as an insulating board as a protective layer (60C).

Figures 5A and 5B show an enlarged, schematic sectional view of a vertically sectioned side cover (Figure 5A) and a horizontally sectioned side cover (Figure 5B), each in the same layer sequence. As a first, outer functional layer (60A), a protective layer, for example again a felt mat, is arranged in the side region for the foil (60B) as a second layer.

In the inner, lateral region of the climate heat storage (80), an insulating plate should preferably be placed as a third, inner functional layer (60C), which enables both a protective function and an insulating function and also an expansion function to compensate for the expansions of the climate heat storage (80).

Figure 5B shows the same embodiment in horizontal section.

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In the sixth embodiment shown in Figure 6, a variant is shown in which the transition between the upper insulation (600) and the side covering (60S) is particularly interesting. The upper insulation (600) is again located, for example, under the first functional layer (60A), as the base plate, which already provides the upper protection for the second layer (60B), the foil.

A felt mat (60C) is placed as a third functional layer under the foil (60B) within the upper insulation (600).

Towards the side insulation (60S), the foil (60B) is pulled over into the side insulation region (60S) next to the side strip plate, which is formed as a first, outer functional layer in the side region of the climate heat storage (80).

Here, in the side region (60S), an insulating board (60C) is arranged as a third, inner functional layer, which abuts the felt mat (60C) in the region of the upper insulation (600). The second layer (60B) as a vapor barrier, for example the foil, however, ends, as shown, where it is folded over into the side region.

The side insulation (60S) as a vapor barrier in the sixth embodiment is thus implemented only with the side strip slab, which is preferably made of water-impermeable concrete, as the first, outer functional layer (60A) and the third, inner functional layer (60C) of the insulating layer, which is preferably also made water-impermeable. Here, a vapor barrier (60B) further drawn down in the region of the side insulation (60S) may be omitted.

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10 EXPLANATION Heat input system (cooling absorber of a solar thermal system/photovoltaic system or 10VL similar) Heat input system flow branch (thermal solar system) 10RL Heat input system return line (thermal solar system) 20 Heat extraction system (heat pump equipment) 20VL Heat extraction system flow (brine - heat pump) 20RL Heat recovery system return line (brine - heat pump) 30VL/RL Heating (heating, optionally domestic water) 40 Storage space 40A Space between loading and unloading or extraction levels 50 Contact tank/contact section 50A Contact tank saturation level 60 Insulation 600 Top insulation 60S Side insulation 60A First functional layer (upper functional layer or lateral, outer 60B functional layer) Second layer (foil or concrete as vapor barrier) 60C Third functional layer (lower functional layer or lateral, inner 70 functional layer) Wetting system 80 Air conditioning heat storage 90 Temperature sensor 100 Humidity sensor 110 Earth outside the climate heat storage The Distance

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Claims (28)

P489307DE-RÜ PATENT CLAIMS 1. A climate-heat storage system for supplying energy to a building, which is formed from an unsaturated, fluid-containing heat storage medium, which comprises at least a first subsystem for inputting heat energy and at a defined distance therefrom comprises at least a second subsystem for extracting heat energy, where the systems are arranged with their respective heat input and output subsystems in a storage space that is open downwards and partially gas-tight and forms the climate-heat storage system, characterised in that the storage space (40) of the climate-heat storage system (80) is provided with at least one bell-shaped upper and one surrounding, gas-impermeable side insulation (600, 60S), so that heat can be introduced into the unsaturated fluid-containing storage medium of the climate-heat storage system (80) via at least one first system (10), which firstly, at substantially the same normal air pressure within the climate-heat storage system (80), firstly between the heat storage medium and the leads to the heating of the fluid and then to the evaporation of the fluid, whereby a quantity of heat can be stored in the climate heat storage (80) within the bell-shaped insulation (600, 60S) by means of the respective specific heat capacity/enthalpy of evaporation of the fluid in the liquid and gaseous state, this quantity of heat is extracted via at least a second system (20) first by the condensation of the fluid and then by the cooling of the heat storage medium of the climate heat storage (80) and the fluid in the climate heat storage (80) for use in the energy center of the building, where a humidification system (70) is arranged at least in the region below the upper insulation (600), which serves to keep the heat storage capacity of the heat storage medium of the climate heat storage (80) in a range favorable for the operation of the energy center of the building by introducing fluid. 2. Climate heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that the top and all-round side insulation (600, 60S) have as a minimum requirement a vapor barrier (60B), which is formed from • a water and vapor barrier foil or • water-impermeable concrete or • concrete slabs with glued or welded water and vapor barrier plastic/insulation boards or the like. 3. Climate heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that F:\Ung_Bera rbeitung_Nachanmeldung_Berny_ll.doc -29P489307DE-RÜ for the vapor barrier (60B) • as top insulation (600) a first, upper and/or third, lower functional layer (60A, 60C) and • as side insulation (60S) a first, outer and/or third, inner functional layer (60A, 60C) can be assigned. 4. Climate heat storage device according to claim 3, characterized in that the respective first and/or third functional layer (60A, 60C) is designed as a protective layer and/or an insulating layer and/or an expansion layer and/or a drain layer. 5. Climate heat storage according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the insulation (60) in the upper region (600) of the underground heat storage (80) designed as a storage space (40) has a common, layer-like structure, which is formed from the first, upper and the third, lower, the second, middle vapor barrier layer (60B) and the functional layer (60A, 60C) each delimiting the humidification system (70). 6. Climate-heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation (60) has a common layer-like structure in the circumferential, lateral region (60S) of the climate-heat storage (80) designed as a storage space (40), which is formed of a functional layer (60A, 60C) delimiting the first, outer and the third, inner, second, middle vapor barrier layer (60B). 7. Climate heat storage according to one of claims 4-6, characterized in that the first and/or third functional layer uses a durable felt mat or permanently flexible insulation boards or the like as the material of the protective and/or expansion and/or insulation and/or drain layer (60A, 60C). 8. Climate-heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that in the climate-heat storage (80), the humidification system (70) is designed as a kind of drain with a layered line arrangement. 9. Climate heat storage according to claim 1, F:\Ung_Berarbeitung_Nachanmeldung_Berny_ll.doc -30P489307DE-RÜ characterized in that in the climate heat storage (80) at least one temperature sensor (90) and at least one humidity sensor (100) are arranged for determining the temperature (T) and the absolute and/or relative humidity (ρ, φ) in relation to the optimal range of the heat storage capacity of the fluid-containing heat storage medium, so that the concentration of the fluid in the soil can be controlled and regulated in the desired operating range via the humidification system (70) and thus optimized. 10. Climate heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that the subsystem of the first and second systems (10, 20) for inputting and extracting heat energy in the climate heat storage (80) is a pipe bundle or a ground probe or a combination of a pipe bundle and a ground probe, where a forward branch (10VL) is passed through the heat storage medium of the climate heat storage (80) containing the fluid as a subsystem of the first system (10) for inputting heat energy, and a return branch (20RL) is passed through as a subsystem of the second system (20) for extracting heat energy (20). 11. Climate heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that the first system (10) with its subsystem located in the climate heat storage (80) and serving to input thermal energy into the climate heat storage (80) is a system radiating element according to EP 1 523 223. 12. Climate heat storage according to claim 10, characterized in that when using pipe bundles, the pipe bundles in the ground, the subsystem of the first and second systems (10, 20) located in the climate heat storage (80) for introducing heat energy into the fluid-containing heat storage medium of the climate heat storage (80) and for extracting heat energy from it, are laid horizontally, in layers, at a predetermined distance (A) depending on the design and the properties of the soil. 13. Climate heat storage according to claim 10, characterized in that when using soil probes, the first and second systems (10, 20) have a subsystem located in the climate heat storage (80) for introducing heat energy into the fluid-containing heat storage medium of the climate heat storage (80) and for extracting heat energy from it. F:\Ung_Berarbeitung_Nachanmeldung_Berny_ll.doc -31 P489307DE-RÜ .· :.:. « the · soil probes are placed vertically, at a pre-defined distance (A) depending on the design and soil properties. 14. Climate heat storage according to claim 11, characterized in that when at least one system radiating element is used as the first subsystem of the first system (10) for introducing thermal energy into the fluid-containing heat storage medium of the climate heat storage (80), it is arranged horizontally or vertically at a predeterminable distance (A). 15. Climate heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one first system (10) with a subsystem of the first system (10) located outside the climate heat storage (80) for inputting thermal energy into the climate heat storage (80) is a system based on the process heat that can be extracted from other systems, a cooling absorber of a thermal solar system or a photovoltaic system and/or a conventional heat generation device or the energy supply of the system radiant element. 16. Climate heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one second system (20) with the subsystem of the second system (20) located outside the climate heat storage (80) for extracting or supplying heat energy from the climate heat storage (80) (cooling function of a heat pump system) is a heat pump system or another conventional system. 17. Climate heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that a flow branch (10VL) as a subsystem of the first system (10) for inputting heat energy (10) and a return branch (20RL) as a subsystem of at least one second system (20) for extracting heat energy are passed through the fluid-containing heat storage medium of the climate heat storage (80), through a contact tank or contact section (50) containing a fluid effectively storing heat energy, located next to or outside it, by which the full heat storage capacity is achieved, the smoothing of the curves characterized by the fluctuating heat input of the first system (10) of the building's energy center, and the fluctuating heat extraction of the second system (20). F:\Ung_Berarbeitung_Nachanmeldung_Berny_ll.doc -32P489307DE-RÜ 18. Climate heat storage according to claim 17, characterized in that the predeterminable distances (A) between the horizontally, layered pipe bundles or vertically arranged soil probes in the climate heat storage (80) can be larger in the case of integrating a contact tank or contact section (50) into the climate heat storage (80) according to claim 16, and/or the pipe systems in the storage space can be made shorter/the heat exchange surfaces can be made smaller. 19. Climate heat storage according to claim 16, characterized in that the measured return temperature of the transport medium (brine solution) can be limited by the pipe bundle path of the return branch line (20RL) in the contact tank when a heat pump is used as a subsystem of the second system (20). 20. A method for controlling and regulating a climate heat storage for supplying energy to a building, the heat storage being formed from a heat storage medium containing an unsaturated fluid, which comprises at least one first subsystem for inputting heat energy and at a specified distance therefrom comprises at least one second subsystem for extracting heat energy, where the systems are arranged with their respective heat input and output subsystems in a storage space formed by the climate heat storage, which is open downwards and partially gas-tight, characterised in that heat is introduced into the heat storage medium containing an unsaturated fluid of the climate heat storage (80) via the at least one first system (10), which leads to the heating of the heat storage medium and the fluid first and then to the evaporation of the fluid, whereby the respective specific heat capacity/evaporation rate of the liquid and gaseous fluids By means of its enthalpy, a quantity of heat can be stored in the climate heat storage, and this quantity of heat is extracted through at least a second system (20) first by condensation of the fluid, then by cooling the heat storage medium of the climate heat storage (80) and the fluid in the climate heat storage (80) for use in the energy center of the building, in addition to controlling and regulating the heat storage capacity of the heat storage medium of the climate heat storage (80) by introducing fluid into the climate heat storage (80) via a humidification system (70) in order to keep the energy center of the building - depending on the physical boundary conditions acting on the climate heat storage (80) - in a range favorable for operation. F:\Ung_Berarbeitung_Nachanmeldung_Berny_ll.doc -33P489307DE-RÜ 21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the condensation of the fluid automatically leads to the rewetting of the climate heat storage (80). 22. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the simultaneous heat input and heat output lead to an increase or decrease in the temperature of the heat storage medium and the fluid layer by layer, and then to the evaporation or condensation of the fluid in the climate heat storage (80) from the bottom up through the temperature-pressure difference established in the layers, and conversely, the fluid condensed on the second subsystem (20) is evenly distributed on the surface of the solid components of the heat storage medium through an adsorption effect that increases relative to the vapor pressure with decreasing temperature, and is again brought close to the first subsystem (10) serving for heat input, where the described process is repeated. 23. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the absolute and/or relative humidity (p, φ) and temperature (T) of the heat storage medium of the climate heat storage (80) are measured in the climate heat storage (80). 24. The method according to claims 20 and 23, characterized in that the absolute and/or relative humidity (p, φ) and temperature (T) in the climate heat storage (80) change depending on the heat input of at least one first system (10) into the climate heat storage (80) and/or depending on the heat extraction of at least one second system (20) from the climate heat storage, where humidification is carried out with the addition of fluid when the pre-defined optimal values or a pre-defined value range are exceeded. 25. The method according to claims 20 and 23, characterized in that, depending on the properties of the heat storage medium, the possible heat input of at least one first system (10) into the climate heat storage (80) and/or the possible heat withdrawal of at least one second system (20) from the climate heat storage and thus the absolute and/or relative humidity (p, φ) and temperature (T) in the climate heat storage F:\Ung_Berarbeitung_Nachanmeldung_Berny_ll.doc -34P489307DE-RÜ (80) changes, and when the pre-defined optimal values or a pre-defined value range are exceeded, wetting is carried out with the addition of fluid. 26. Method according to claims 20 and 23, characterised in that the absolute and/or relative humidity (p, φ) and the temperature (T) in the climate heat storage (80) change depending on the heat input from a geothermal reservoir or from heat radiation and/or heat conduction acting on the climate heat storage (80) and depending on the heat input of the respective subsystem of the at least one first system (10) into the climate heat storage (80) and/or depending on the heat withdrawal of the at least one second system (20) from the climate heat storage (80), and when the pre-defined optimal values or a pre-defined value range are exceeded, humidification is carried out with the addition of fluid. 27. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that a forward branch (10VL) as a subsystem of the first system (10) for inputting thermal energy (10) and a return branch (20RL) as a subsystem of the second system (20) for extracting thermal energy are passed through a contact tank placed in the fluid-containing heat storage medium of the climate heat storage (80) or through a contact section (50) containing a fluid also storing thermal energy, whereby the overall heat storage behavior characterized by the fluctuating heat input of the first system (10) and the fluctuating heat extraction of the second system (20) of the building's energy center can be smoothed. 28. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the evaporation of the fluid/decrease in the concentration of the adhesive water results in a substrate ready for wetting in an abstract manner by releasing the condensate formed by the release of the heat of evaporation. F:\Ung_Be rarbeitung_Nachanmeldung_Berny_ll.doc