IE883334L - Animal feedstuff - Google Patents
Animal feedstuffInfo
- Publication number
- IE883334L IE883334L IE883334A IE333488A IE883334L IE 883334 L IE883334 L IE 883334L IE 883334 A IE883334 A IE 883334A IE 333488 A IE333488 A IE 333488A IE 883334 L IE883334 L IE 883334L
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- molasses
- peat
- moisture content
- mixture
- feedstuff
- Prior art date
Links
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003276 Apios tuberosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010744 Arachis villosulicarpa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019735 Meat-and-bone meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019779 Rapeseed Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000269319 Squalius cephalus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019772 Sunflower meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004456 rapeseed meal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000736285 Sphagnum Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004251 balanced diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000891 standard diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Animal feed which can be given to animals as is or which can be used as aningredient for an animal feed. The feed according to the invention comprisesmolasses, a highly nutritious substance, mixed with ground peat absorbed bysaid molasses, the moisture content of the mixture being reduced to 6-18%moisture such that the feed is in a roughly dry form and can be shaped intopellets or nodules.<IMAGE>
[BE1002967A3]
Description
61131 - i - 5 V 1 il The invention relates to an animal feedstuff. By the term "feedstuff" is meant a substance which may be fed to animals as a food in its own 10 right or which may be used as an ingredient in an animal food.
It is known to use molasses as a component in the manufacture of animal feedstuffs. Molasses is a highly nutritious substance but because it is available in liquid form the amount which can be used in animal 15 feedstuffs is limited. Because of its viscous sticky nature molasses is difficult to dry and solidify.
It is an object of the invention to provide a molasses-based foodstuff which is substantially dry and which can be used as an animal foodstuff 20 or as an additive for use in compounding animal foodstuffs.
Accordingly, the invention provides an animal foodstuff comprising molasses mixed with and absorbed by a comminuted peat characterised in that the molasses is present in the mixture in an amount of from 1 part 25 molasses to 1 part peat, by weight, to up to 2 parts molasses to 1 part peat, by weight, and that the moisture content of the mixture has been reduced to 6 to 18% moisture such that the feedstuff is in a substantially dry form. 30 The invention also relates to a process for preparing an animal foodstuff comprising admixing molasses with a comminuted peat characterised in that the molasses is mixed with the peat in an amount of from 1 part molasses to 1 part peat, by weight, to up to 2 parts p molasses to 1 part peat, by weight, and the resultant mixture is dried < 35 to a moisture content in the range 6 to 18% to provide a substance ^ which is in a substantially dry form. 2032R 6,151 - 2 - The peat is preferably a moss peat, such as sphagnum moss peat and typically has a moisture content of about 50%. preferably a pre-dried peat of a moisture content of about 8 to 12% is used. The molasses may be sugar beet molasses or sugar cane molasses, for example. 5 Suitably, the mixture of molasses and peat is dried such that the moisture content is reduced to approximately 6-18%, preferably 10-14% moisture. The drying may take place in an oven dryer or an air dryer. The resultant product is a substantially dry granulated friable 10 substance which can be fed to animals as a foodstuff in its own right (either in particulate form or in compressed pellet/nut form) or can be admixed with other materials in the preparation of a compounded foodstuff. Because all of the molasses has been soaked up by the peat the foodstuff of the invention is relatively dry, friable, and 15 non-viscous and has a pleasant taste and smell.
The invention also provides a process for the preparation of an animal feedstuff in the form of pellets or nuts, wherein molasses of a moisture content of about 25% is admixed with comminuted peat of a 20 moisture content in the range of 8 to 12% in the proportion of from 1 part molasses to 1 part peat, by weight, up to 2 parts molasses to 1 part peat by weight, the mixture is heated by steam, extruded through a pelleting apparatus to form pellets or nuts, which are cooled and dried to a moisture content in the range 6 to 18%. 25 The feedstuff of the invention can be used as a straight animal feed material and can be used in the preparation of cattle feeds, pig feeds, sheep feeds, poultry feeds and pet foods. 30 For example, in the preparation of cattle feeds the feedstuff of the invention may be mixed with barley, soya bean meal, cotton meal, ground nut meal, pollard wheat, corn gluten, sugar beet pulp, brewer's grains, 1 rapeseed meal, grain screenings, sunflower meal, meat and bone meal, v fish meal, rice bran, poultry offal meal and the like. It may be added 35 to one or more of the above in amounts of up to 50%, typically in amounts in the range of 20 - 25%. It may also be used as a silage additive in which case it may be added in amounts of up to 25 Kg per ton of silage. - 3 - A process for the production of an animal feedstuff according to the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is a flow-diagram for said process. » 5 Referring to the drawing there is described a process for making an animal feedstuff of the invention in which a comminuted sphagnum moss ^ peat, preferably pre-dried to 8 to 12% moisture, is fed to a conical intake chute 1. The moss peat is conveyed in an upwards direction through a pipe 3 by means of an auger 2. The peat exits from an 10 opening 4 into a peat holding bin 5.
The peat holding bin 5 allows large quantities of peat moss to be stored within the system before mixing with molasses. The peat holding bin 5 comprises a conical bin chute 6 which opens onto a floor 7. The 15 peat is carried through further piping 8, containing an auger 9, diagonally upwards and exits through a pipe 10 into a trough weigher 11.
The trough weigher 11 controls the amount of peat entering a mixer 13 via a passage 12. Molasses enters the mixer 13 from a molasses tank 14 20 via a passage 15, the molasses tank 14 having means to control the amount of molasses entering the mixer 13. The desired ratios of moss peat and molasses are then mixed in the mixer 13.
Following mixing the animal feedstuff exits from the mixer 13 through 25 an opening 16 at the end of a V-shaped floor 17 of the mixer 13. The mixed animal feedstuff enters a funnel-shaped chute 18 which descends into piping 19 containing auger 20. The animal feedstuff is heated by means of steam unit 21 to a temperature greater than 60°C whereby the particulate animal feedstuff is heated and moistened to facilitate a 30 subsequent pelleting or cubing process. The heated animal feedstuff is then conveyed into a pelleting plant 22 by means of the auger 20. The animal feedstuff is formed into a pellet or nut form using standard pelleting apparatus. Pelleting is effected by extruding the feedstuff V through a multiple series of holes of the sizes required, typically 4 / 35 mm, 6 mm or 8 mm. Pellet length may be controlled by setting knives ^ within the pelleting plant to the required length.
Following pelleting of the animal feedstuff the warm pellets are - 4 - conveyed to a cooler 23 wherein the pellets are cooled and the moisture content is reduced in order to ensure ease of handling and preservation of the pelletized feedstuff. A suitable cooler is a double deck < horizontal cooler although various cooler types may be used. i 5 4 An auger 24 within piping 25 then conveys the moisture reduced pelletized animal feedstuff upwards towards an opening 26 which opens into a finished product bin 27 having a funnel shaped floor 28 comprising an opening 29 which can be used, when open, to discharge the 10 pelletized animal feedstuff into suitable receptacles, e.g. bags etc.
The invention is further exemplified in the following examples, which are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention: 15 Example 1 Analysis of the constituents used in the preparation of the feedstuff of the invention: 20 a) Sphagnum Moss Peat The peat is suitably sphagnum moss peat which contains digestible fibre, crude protein and.ash. 25 b) 30 Molasses A typical sugar beet molasses used has the following analysis: Water 25% Crude protein 3% Ash 9.3% - 13.5% Sugar 50% Energy value lOmj/Kg on an as fed basis Calcium 0.7 - 1.1% Phosphorus 0.1 - 0.2% Potassium 3-4% Chloride 2.0% 35 Example 2 A feedstuff of the invention was manufactured by taking 100 kg of spaghnum moss peat of moisture content of about 50%. To the moss peat was added 200 kg of sugar beet molasses. The ingredients were mixed in - 5 - a mixer and the molasses was absorbed by the moss peat particles. When thoroughly mixed, the mixture was conveyed to an oven dryer where it was dried at a temperature in the range of 70°C to 100°C, to reduce the moisture content to about 10% moisture. The resultant product was * 5 a free-flowing foodstuff having a pleasant taste and odour. The product was analysed as follows: ^ Component % 10 15 20 DM 90 Oil 0.8 Protein 7.8 Fibre 6.9 Ash 6.2 NFE 68.3 ME as fed 11.00 ME on DM basis 12.20 DMD 76.8 D0MD 70 Example 3 Notes DM = Dry matter NFE = Nitrogen free extract ME = Metabolisable energy DMS = Digestible dry matter D0MD = Digestible organic matter in the dry matter An animal feed according to the invention was made in the same manner as described in Example 2 except that one part of molasses, by weight, 25 was added to one part of peat moss (of moisture content of about 10%), by weight. The product had the following analysis: Component % DM 91.2 Protein 9.5 Oil 0.3 Fibre 5.0 Ash 9.2 DMD 76.0 D0MD 66.4 pH 5.1 DMD, D0MD are percentage of dry matter.
DM, Protein, Oil, Fibre, Ash are percentage of sample analysed.
Example 4 - 6 - 10 An animal feed sample according to the invention was made by mixing equal weight quantities of milled peat at 10% moisture level and molasses at 25% moisture level. The mixture was mixed in a mixer and then pelleted in a pelleting plant. The product was then dried to 12% moisture. Pellets were made in 3 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm sizes. The product was then analysed using the "Neutral Cellulase Digestibility" technique. The following results were obtained: Component Value Crude protein (%) 9.7 Oil (%) 0.6 15 Crude fibre (%) 4.3 Ash (%) 9.0 Cellulase digestibility (%) 63.8 ME.MJ/Kg calculated from cellulase digestibility 9.08 20 ME.MJ/Kg computed 10.00 Example 5: Field Trial A The animal feedstuff of the invention was incorporated into the diet of 25 calves, dairy cows poultry and pigs. The feedstuff was included in an amount of approximately 20% and fed to the animals in a balanced diet. It was found, for example, that the animal feedstuff of the invention increased the daily intake of calves by 20% and consequently the liveweight gain of the calves was increased by 23%. 30 Example 6: Field Trial B ^ The animal feedstuff of the invention was used to replace the barley i component in the compound feed portion of the diet of a dairy cow. The ■ 35 animal feedstuff was included at a level 40% of the compound feed. The production results obtained for the diet comprising the feedstuff of the invention and a standard diet were similar. The animal feedstuff of the invention is 50% cheaper than barley.
Claims (17)
1. An animal foodstuff comprising molasses mixed with and absorbed by a comminuted peat characterised in that the molasses is present in • 5 the mixture in an amount of from 1 part molasses to 1 part peat, by weight, to up to 2 parts molasses to 1 part peat, by weight, and that the moisture content of the mixture has been reduced to 6 to 18% moisture such that the feedstuff is in a substantially dry form. 10
2. An animal feedstuff as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the moisture content of the mixture is in the range 10 to 14% moisture.
3. An animal feedstuff as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the feedstuff is in the form of pellets or nuts. 15
4. An animal feedstuff as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised in that the feedstuff is in particulate form.
5. An animal feedstuff as claimed in any of the preceding Claims 20 characterised in that the mixture is admixed with other components selected from the following: barley, soya bean meal, cotton meal, ground nut meal, pollard wheat, corn gluten, sugar beet pulp, brewer's grains, rapeseed meal, grain screenings, sunflower meal, meat and bone meal, fish meal, rice bran, poultry offal meal. 25
6. A process for preparing an animal feedstuff which comprises admixing molasses with a comminuted peat characterised in that the molasses is mixed with the peat in an amount of from 1 part molasses to 1 part peat, by weight, to up to 2 parts molasses to 1 part peat, by 30 weight, and the resultant mixture is dried to a moisture content In the range 6 to 18% to provide a substance which is in a substantially dry form. r
7. A process as claimed in Claim 6 characterised in that the mixture , 35 is dried by a moisture content in the range 10 to 14%.
8. A process as claimed in any of Claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the mixture is compressed into pellets or nuts. 1 0 - 8 -
9. A process as claimed in Claim 9, characterised in that the mixture is admixed with other feed components before being compressed into pellets or nuts. 5
10. A process for preparing an animal feedstuff wherein molasses of a moisture content of about 25% is admixed with comminuted peat of a moisture content in the range of 8 to 12% in the proportion of from 1 part molasses to 1 part peat, by weight, up to 2 parts molasses to 1 part peat by weight, the mixture is heated by steam, extruded through a 10 pelleting apparatus to form pellets or nuts, which are cooled and dried to a moisture content in the range 6 to 18%.
11. A process as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the pellets or nuts are dried to a moisture content in the range 10 to 14%. 15
12. A process for preparing an animal feedstuff wherein molasses of a moisture content of about 25% is admixed with peat of a moisture content of about 50% in the ratio of about 2 parts by weight of molasses to 1 part by weight of peat, and the mixture is dried at a 20 temperature in the range of 70°C to 100°C to reduce the moisture content of the mixture to the range 6 to 18% to form a free-flowing particulated feedstuff.
13. A process as claimed in Claim 12, wherein the moisture content of 25 the mixture is reduced to the range 10 to 14%.
14. A process for preparing an animal feedstuff substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated in, the accompanying drawing. 30
15. A process for preparing an animal feedstuff substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any of Examples 1 to 4.
16. An animal feedstuff whenever prepared by a process as claimed in 35 any of claims
17. An animal feedstuff as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 having an analysis as follows: Component Value Crude protein (%) 9.7 Oil (%) 0.6 Crude fibre (%) 4.3 Ash (%) 9.0 Cellulase digestibility (%) 63.8 ME.MJ/Kg calculated from cellulase digestibility 9.08 ME.MJ/Kg computed 10.00 TOMKINS & CO.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE333488A IE61131B1 (en) | 1988-11-04 | 1988-11-04 | An animal foodstuff |
| BE8901161A BE1002967A3 (en) | 1988-11-04 | 1989-10-31 | Animal feed |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE333488A IE61131B1 (en) | 1988-11-04 | 1988-11-04 | An animal foodstuff |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IE883334L true IE883334L (en) | 1990-05-04 |
| IE61131B1 IE61131B1 (en) | 1994-10-05 |
Family
ID=11038447
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE333488A IE61131B1 (en) | 1988-11-04 | 1988-11-04 | An animal foodstuff |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE1002967A3 (en) |
| IE (1) | IE61131B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUPS080702A0 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2002-03-21 | Hill, Ross Anthony | Organic absorbent material for control of waste |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1091681A (en) * | 1965-03-08 | 1967-11-22 | Albright & Wilson Ireland Ltd | Silage |
| CH484625A (en) * | 1969-04-03 | 1970-01-31 | Libavia Ag | Process for the production of granulated animal feed |
| DE2064738A1 (en) * | 1970-12-31 | 1972-07-06 | Processing organic waste products - to give soil improving agents and fodder additives | |
| SU784858A1 (en) * | 1979-06-12 | 1980-12-07 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Комбикормовой Промышленности | Method of preparing feed |
-
1988
- 1988-11-04 IE IE333488A patent/IE61131B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-10-31 BE BE8901161A patent/BE1002967A3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IE61131B1 (en) | 1994-10-05 |
| BE1002967A3 (en) | 1991-10-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Patent lapsed |