IE883465L - Granular detergent compositions containing cellulase - Google Patents

Abstract

Detergent compositions for the cleaning and softening of fabrics are claimed, in which cellulase granulates containing a water-insoluble calcium salt, preferably calcium carbonate, are incorporated. Softness and fabric-appearance benefits are excellent. The cellulase granulates per-se are also claimed.

Description

Technical rield The present invention is related to granular detergent compositions which are useful for cleaning and softening of fabrics, and for giving other fabric-care benefits such as appearance improvements and rejuvenation.

The compositions herein contain a fabric-softening clay material, and a cellulase enzyme, which is in the form of granulates containing calcium carbonate.

Background of -the Invention It has been the objective of many detergent manufacturers to formulate laundry detergent compositions which provide the good cleaning performance expected of them, and ^hich also exhibit fabric-care properties, inclusive of softness.

Representative of such detergent compositions are the ones which have been disclosed in .British patent 1,514,275 - 1,400,898, or EPA 0 026 528.

Cellulase ensyxass have already been used in detergent compositions for their cleaning abilities, as disclosed in British Patent Application GB-A 2,095,275, GB-A-21,094„826or Japanese patent 57108-199.

Cellulases have also been found to give softness benefits to fabrics as in U. S.»-A-4 „ 435,307; EP-A 0 120 528 teaches alkaline softening detergent compositions comprising a synergistic mixture of a water-insoluble CxO~C2S tertiary amine and cellulase.

EP-A 0 177 165 discloses alkaline softening detergent compos it ions containing a mixture of smectite clay and cellulase.

EP-A 0 220 016 discloses the fabric color-clarification effect derivable from the use of cellulase in a detergent context.

When such detergent and/or softening compositions are in granular forms, the cellulase enzymes are usually incorporated in the composition in the form of granulates, also identified as marumes, or prills, which are supplied 5 by the enzyme manufacturer.

Such granulates are disclosed in e.g. EP-A-17 0 3 60 and U„S.-A-r4,43 5, 307 , which mention certain ingredients which need to be incorporated to the granulates during their making, for e.g. non-dusting and color purposes.

It has been discovered, hovever9 that certain of these ingredients are detrimental to the softness/fabric care properties of the composition,, when cellulase granulates containing these ingredients are incorporated into a detergent composition.

When looking for a replacement to these undesirable ingredients, it has now been discovered that water-insoluble salts of calcium, surprisingly substantially enhance the softness/fabric care performance of the detergent compositions containing the enzyme granulates.

Calcium-carbonate has been disclosed as colorant for laundry detergent enzyme granulates in GB-A-2,167,758 and in Japan Kokai JP 61,107,93 5.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide detergent compositions which possess excellent softness/fabric care properties, due to the use of cellulase granulates containing a uater-insoluble salt of calcium.

Summary of the Invention The present invention relates to granular detergent compositions containing a fabric-softening clay material, and cellulase granulates containing from 1% to 50%, by weight, preferably 5% to 15% of the granulates, of calcium carbonate.

Calcium carbonate is preferably coated onto the cellulase granulates.

The invention also relates to the above-described cellulase granulates per-se.

Detailed Description of the Invention The compos it ions herein are capable of cleaning and softening the treated fabrics, as well as giving benefits in. terms of fabric appearance improvements and rejuvenation.

This is achieved by the presence, in the granular compositions herein, of surface active agents, of fabric-softening clay materials, and of cellulase granulates containing calcium carbonate.

In the following, these compulsory, as well as optional 15 ingredients are described in detail : The Cellulase The cellulase usable in the present invention may be any bacterial or fungal cellulase having an optimum pH of between 5 and 9.5.

Suitable cellulases are disclosed in U.S. -A-4,435,307, GB-A-2 . 095.275, DE-OS-2.247 .832, and EP-A 0 220 015.

Examples of such cellulases are cellulases produced by a strain of Humieola insolens (Humieola grisea ^ar. thermoidea), particularly by 'die Humicola strain DSM 1800. and cellulases produced by a fungus of Bacillus 1 or a 5 cellulase 212-producing fungus belonging to the genus Aeromots.ES, and cellulase extracted from the hepatopancre&s of a marine mollusc (Dolabella Auricula Solander).

Activity determination for the cellulase herein is based on the hydrolysis of carboxymethyl cellulose. 10 Generated low molecular reducing carbohydrates are colorimetrically determined by the ferrocyanide reaction as described by W.S. Hoffman "J. Biol. Chea.™ 120,51 (1973). Key conditions of incubation are pH = 7.0S temperature of 40® C and incubation time of 20 minutes.

One CHCase unit is defined as the amount of enzyme which forms per minute an amount of reducing carbohydrate ~6 equivalent to 10 sjole of glucose, in the above-described conditions.

A useful range of cellulase activity in the present 20 context is from 5 to 1360. preferably from 60 to 140 CMCase activity units/grain of detergent composition.

The Cellulase Granulates Cellulase enzymes for use in granular detergent compositions are typically supplied in the form of 25 granulates? e.g. maruraes or prills.

Such granulates contain a majority of crude cellulase enzymej, together with additional ingredients, such as polyethylene glycol,, at typical levels of from 5 % to 7 X„ and cellulose at typical levels of about 10%. the polyethylene glycol for use herein can have a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 8000.

The amount of cellulase in the granules is determined 5 by the total cellulase activity of the composition, which has to be in the limits set up hereinabove.

It has been discovered that certain materials which have been used by enzyme manufacturers as dustness-preventing and whitening agents, which are 10 titanium dioxide and magnesium silicate, interact negatively with the softness performance of the compositions herein.

The compositions of the invention should, therefore, preferably be free of titanium dioxide and magnesium 15 silicate.

It has now been found that calcium carbonate possesses the dustness-preventing function when added to the cellulase granulates, and also gives unexpected softness/fabric care benefits as shown hereinafter.

The calcium carbonate is present in the cellulase granulates, at levels of from 1% to 50%, preferably 5% to 15% by weight, of the granulates.

Calcium carbonates of a particle size range from 1 to 10 jam have been found to be particularly suitable for 25 the purpose of the present invention.

The calcium carbonate used herein may be used as is or in coated form, typically coated with stearic acid. In a preferred execution of the present invention, calcium carbonate, either as is or already coated with e.g. stearic 5 acid, is coated onto the cellulase granulates.

Cellulase granulates can be prepared in a number of different ways, for example by means of a "Maruraerizer" as described in British Pat.Nos. 1,362,365 and 1,361,387 or by se&ns of a granulating machine, as described in Aufbe-0 reitraigs-Technik Mo. 3/1970, pp. 147-153 and Ho. 5/1970, pp. 262-278, or can be prilled granulates as described in 3elgian Patent Specification Ho, 760.135. In all casesf the granulates must have lev dusting properties.

The calcium carbonate herein is either mixed with the 15 other ingredients during the making of the granulates, or mixed with cellulase before granulation, or, preferably, coated onto the granulates which have been prepared as described hereinabove, by conventional coating methods.

The cellulase granulates according to the present 20 indention are 'present at levels of from 1 % to 50 % by weight of the detergent composition herein, preferably 1.5 % to 10 % by weight.

The surface-active agent The surface active agent useful herein may be selected 25 from anionic, nonionic, zwltterionic surfactants and is present at levels of from 1 % to 50 % by weight of the composition5 preferably from 10 % to 30 %.

Suitable anionic surfactants are water-soluble salts of alkyl benzene sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, alkyl polyethosey ether sulphates, paraffin sulpb.on.atess alpha-olefin sulph.ou.ates, alphs-sulphocarboxylaces and their 5 esters,, alkyl glyceryl ether sulphonates,, fatty acid aonoglyceride sulphates and sulphonates p alkyl phenol polyethoxy ether sulphates, 2-acyloxy-alkane-l-SB.lph.onatasj and beta-alkyloxy alkane sulphonates,, Especially preferred alkyl benzene sulphonates have 9 10 to 15 carbon atoms in & linear or branched alley 1 chain, especially from 11 to 13 carbon atoms. Suitable alkyl sulphates have from 10 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, sore especially from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

Suitable alkyl polyethoxy ether sulphates have from 10 to 15 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain end have an average of from 1 to 12 - GH^CH^O- groups per molecule, especially from 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain and aa average of from 1 to 6 -CH^CH^O-groups per molecule.

Suitable paraffin sulphonates are essentially linear and contain from 8 to 24 carbon atomss more especially from 14 to 18 carton atoms. Suitable alpha-olefin sulphonates have from 10 to 24 carbon atoms, more especially from 14 to 16 carbon atoms; alpha-olefin 25 sulphonates can be made by reaction with sulphur trioxide, followed by neutralisation under conditions such that any sis It ones present are hydro ly zed to the corresponding hydroxy alkane sulphonates. Suitable alpha-sulphocarboxy-l&tes contain from 6 to 20 carbon atoms; included herein 30 sot only the salts of alpha-sulphonated fatty acids but also their esters made from alcohols containing 1 to 14 carbon atoms.

Suitable alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates are ethers of alcohols having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, more especially those derived from coconut oil sad tallow. Suitable alkyl phenol polyethoxy ether sulphates have from 8 to 12 carbon 5 atosss in the alkyl ehai d an average of from 1 to 6 -CH^CH^Q-groups per molecule. Suitable 2-acyloxyalkane -l-sulphonates contain from Z to 9 carbon atoms in the acyl group and from 9 to 23 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety„ Suitable beta-alkyloxy alkane sulphonates contain 10 from 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from 8 to carbon atoms in the alkane moiety.

The alkyl chains of the foregoing anionic surfactants can be derived from natural sources such as coconut oil to tallow, or can be mads synthetically as for example by using the Eieglsr or Oxo processes, water-solubility can be achieved by rising alkali metals ammoni-ua. or alkanol-asjmonium cations; sodium is preferred. Mixtures of anionic surfactants are contemplated by this invention; a satisfactory mixture contains alkyl benzene sulphonate having 11-13 carbon atoms In the alkyl group and alkyl sulphate having 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.

Suitable nonionlc surfactants to ba incorporated in the compositions herein, are water-soluble ethoxylated materials of HLB 11.5-17.0 and Include (but are not limited to) C1q-C9q primary and secondary alcohol ethoxylates and C,-C, alkylphenol ethoxylates. 0 10 Cw-C„ linear primary alcohols condensed with from 1* 18 seven to thirty soles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol are preferred, examples being C14-C15 (E0)?, ei6~C!8 (E0)25 e®Pecielly C16~C18 (E0)11* Cationic co—surfactants which cen be used herein, include water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds of the form 8.Rl,R,6_N"rX""f, wherein R. is alkyl having from 10 to 20 s preferably from 12-18 carbon, atoms, and RrS R, and R„ ere each C, to C„ alkyl preferably j D / X I methyl; X~ is an anion, e.g. chloride. Examples of such trimethyl ammonium compounds include C'i2~C14 alkyl trimethy1 ammonium chloride and cocoalkyl trimethyl ammonium methosulfate.

Hie compositions of the invention should be essentially free of water-insoluble long-chain alkyl amine softening agents„ and derivatives thereof, since it has been discovered that they interact negatively with cellulase, in the pE conditions of the present invention. Derivatives of the amine softening agents include the corresponding amine compounds. Such amine softening agents are disclosed in eeg. EP.A 0,026.523 and EP.l 0.120.528. and include in particular amines of the foraula where R1 and H_ are C, to G,.,,. alkyl chains, and R_ is C. 2 0 2>U J X to C1Q alkyl chain or hydrogen.

The compositions herein should be formulated at a pH in the 20 range of from 6.5 to 9.59 measured as a 1 % solution of the composition in distilled water.

At this p'H-ranges the cellulases for use herein have their optimum performance.

The fabric-softenina clay material The compositions herein must contain a clay softening agent.

- II - Such clay sortening agents are well-known in the dew.ergency patent literature and are in broad commercial use, both in Europe and in the United States. Included among such clay softeners axe various heat-treated 5 kaolins end various multi-layer smectites. Preferred clay softeners a.re smectite softener clays that are described in German patent document 23 34 899 and in U.K. patent 1,400,898.

The most preferred clay fabric softening materials 10 include those materials of bentonitic origin, bentonites being primarily saontmorillonite type clays together with various impurities, the level and nature of which depends on the source of the clay material. Softener clays are used in the compositions at levels of 1-20 %, preferably 2-10 % by weight of the composition.

Optional incrredients The compositions herein may contain, in addition to the essential ingredients, certain optional ingredients.

For instance, it is preferred that through~the-wash 20 detergent compositions contain a detergent builder and/or metal ion sequastrant. Compounds classifiable and well-known in the art as detergent builders include the nitrilotriacetates, polycarboxylatesf citrates, water-soluble phosphates such as tri-polyphosphate and 25 sodium ortho- and pyro—phosphates, and mixtures thereot. Metal ion sequestrants include all of the above, plus materials like ethylenediaminetetraacetate, the amino-polyphosphonates and a wide variety of other poly-functional organic acids and salts too nusaerous 30 to mention in detail here. U.S. Patent 3,579,454 contains typical examples of the use or such materials In various cleaning compositions. Preferred polyfunctions! organic acids species for use herein are citric acid, ethylene diamine tetrasaethylenephosphonic acids and diethylene 35 triaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid.

A further class of detergency buildar materials useful in the present invention are insoluble sodium is.ltsain.o-silicates. The 1-10 jam sise zeolite (e.g., zeolite A) builders disclosed in German patent 24.22.655 are especi&l-5 ly preferred for use in low-phosphate or non-phosphate compositions. In general, the builder/sequestrant will comprise from 0.5 X to 45 % of the composition.

The compositions herein cen also contain fatty acids, saturated or unsaturated, and the corresponding soaps. 10 Suitably fatty acids, saturated or unsaturated, have from 10 to 18 carbon, atoms in the alkyl chain. Preferred are unsaturated species having from 14 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, most preferably oleic acid. The corresponding soaps can also be used. The optional fatty 15 acid/soaps are used in levels up to 20 %.

The compositions herein can also eontain compounds of the general formula R-CH(C00H)CH2(C0QH) i.e. derivatives of succinic acid, wherein a is C1 q~C0q alkyl or alkenyl, preferably C.^-C, , or wherein R may be JLrid !o substituted with hydroxyl, sulfo y sulfoxy or sulfone substituents.

The succinate builders are preferably used in the form of their water-soluble salts,, including the sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkanolamsnoniua salts.

Specific examples of succinate builders include : lauryl succinate, myristyl succinate, palaityl succinate, 2-dodecenyl succinate (preferred) and 2-p.entadecenyl succinate.

Also useful as builders in the present context are the 30 compounds described in U.S. patent 4.653.0/1, i.e. mixtures of tartrate monosuccinic acid sad tartrate disuccinic acid in a weight ratio of monosuccinic to disuccinic of from 97:3 to 20;80, preferably 95:5 to 40:50. -> Another optional ingredient is a bleaching agent.

Preferred are peroxygen bleaching agents such as sodium * perborate, commercially available in the form of mono- and tetra-hydrates, sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate and urea peroxyhydrate.

Bleach activators may be used in combination with the 10 above peroxygen bleaching agents. Classes of bleach activators include esters., imides, imidazoles, oximes, and carbonates. In those classes, preferred materials include methyl o-acetoxy benzoates; sodium-p-acetoxy benzene sulfonates such as sodium 4-octanoyloxybenzene sulfonate; 15 sodium-4-octanoyloaybensene sulfonate,, and sodiua-4- dacanoylosyben^enasulfonate : bisphenol diacetate; tetra acetyl ethylene diamine; tetra acetyl hexamethylesae diamine; tetra acetyl methylene diamine.

Other highly preferred peroxygen bleach activators 20 which are disclosed in U.S. Patents 4,483.778 and 4,539j, 130. are alpha-substituted alkyl or alkenyl esters, such as sodiuin-4(2-chlorooct&noyloxy)benzene sulfonate, sodium 4-(3P 5. 5-trimethyl hexanoyloxy)benzene sulfonate. Suitable peroxyacids are also peroxygen bleach activators 25 such as described in published European Patent Application 0 166 571, i.e. j, compounds of the general type RXA00H and RXAL, wherein R is a hydroxycarbyl group, X is a hetero-atom, A is a carbonyl bridging group and L is a leaving group, especially oxybenzenesulfonate.

Enzymes other than cellulases, such as proteolytic, amylolytic, or lipolytic enzymes can be used in addition to the cellulase herein.

Soil-rele&se/soil-suspending agent® can be present in the composition herein at levels typically from 0,1 % to 10 X by weight. la particular i alkoxylated poly-5 amines suitable as clay-soil removal/anti-redeposition agents can be used. These components„ as well as their preparation, are disclosed in SP- A 0 112 593- It is to be understood that the term "polyamines" as used herein represents generic&lly the alkoxylated poly- amines, both their amine form and in their auaternized form. Such materials can conventiently be represented as molecules of the empirical structures with repeating units and ~r (Alkoxy) 1 a 1 J a Amine form (Alkoxy) 1 R J— x J » Quatemized form wherein R is a hydrocarby! group, usually of 2-6 carbon atoms; may be a hydrocarbon^ the alkoxy groups are ethoxy, propoxy, and the like, and y is 2-30 „ ©ost preferably 10-20; n is an integer of at least 2, preferably 2-20, most preferably 3-5; and X is an anion such as halide or aethylsulfate, resulting from the quater nidation reaction.

Hie most highly preferred polyaaiaes for use herein st.re the so-called ethoxyleted polyethylene imines, i.e.,, the polymerized reaction product of ethylene oxide with cthyline-ircine, having the general fonaula : (EtO) I (EtO) y y wherein a is en integer of 3 to 5 and y is an integer of 10 to 20.

Soil suspending agents can also be selected from polyethylene glycols, of molecular weight 400 to 1000, 10 polyacrylates, or copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic anhydride/acid.

'The detergent compositions herein are preferably free of carboxymethylcellulose.

Moreover, the compositions herein can contain, in 15 addition to ingredients already mentioned, various other optional ingredients typically used in commercial products to provide aesthetic or additonel product performance benefits. Typical ingredients include pH regulants, perfumes, dyes, optical brighteners, hydrotropes and gel-control agents, freeze-thav stabilizers, bactericides, 20 preservatives, suds control agents, bleach stabilizing agents.

EXPERIMENTAL PAST A granular detergent composition was prepared, according to the following table : Ingredients % by weight Sodium Linear C^ alkyl benzene sulfonate 11.0 Sodium Tallow alkyl sulfate 5,0 Tallow alcohol etho^cylate (E011) 0.3 Sodium tripolyphosphate 24.0 BeatOB.ita clay 8,5 0 Soil suspending agent* 2.0 Proteolytic enzyme 0.9 Sodiisa sulfate, water, minors up to balance * copolymer of acrylic and maleic acid, MW 60.000 (sodiwjj salt).

From the basic composition hereinabove, two composi tions were prepared ; Composition A. to be used as reference, where cellulase granulates (1.79 % by veight of total composition) containing crude cellulase enzymes and cellulose, were dry-mixed with the rest of the composition.

Composition B„ a composition according to the present invention, where cellulase granulates (1.79 % by weight of total composition) containing crude cellulase enzyme, cellulose, and a coating of polyethylene glycol (5 % weight level of granulates, MW 1500) and of calcium carbonate (10 X weight level of granulates).

In both compositions A and Bf the cellulase was of the type described in U„Si,-A-.4f435,307 and its assounts were such as to give an activity of 58 CMCase activity units/g of composition.

Compositions A aind B were compared for softness ©ad fabric-care performance.

The design of the test was such as to compare softness of textile pieces laundered 4, 8 and 12 times (multi-cycle) each time with invention and reference composition.

The testing conditions were as follows : - Product usage : 92 grains = 0.75 % conc.

- Wash temperature : 40" C. - 18 grains/gallon (0.31 g/1) water hardness (3:1 Ca/Mg ratio).

The washed and line dried swatches were compared by a panel of two expert judges, working independently, by a paired comparison technique using a 9-point Scheffe scale. Differences were recorded in panel score units (psu), positive being performancewise batter. ('■*■') indicate 20 significant results, with least significant difference (LSD) calculated at 95 % confidence.

The testing results were as follows : a) Softness number of cycles coap.B vs. comp.A (bath towels) 4 + 0.38 psu 8 + 1.00* psu 12 + 0.75* psu b) Fabric appearance (improved color and anti-pllling performance) (average on main cottom items) number of eycies coap.B vs. comp. 4 4- 0.59* psu 8 + 0.75* psu 12 + 0.75* psu The effect of polyethylerxeglycol coating alone was measured as veil, and results indicated negative performance effect, thus showing that the positive effect oxx both softness and fabric appearance are due to the presence of the calcium carbonate.

Claims (17)

1. A particulate composition for the cleaning and softening of fabrics, containing from 1% to 50% by weight of a surface-active agent, from 1% to 20% by weight of a fabric-softening clay material, and from 1% to 50% by weight of cellulase granulates, characterized in that said granulates contain from 1% to 50%, by weight of said granulates, of calciusi carbonate.

2. A composition in accordance with clais i, wherein the calcium carbonate is present at levels of fro® 5% to 15% by weight of the cellulase granulates.

3. A composition in accordance with claim l£, wherein the calcium carbonate is coated onto the cellulase granulates.

4. A composition in accordance with claim 15 wherein the cellulase is bacterial or fungal cellulase having an optimum pH of between 5 and 11.5.

5. A composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the cellulase is an alkali cellulase having an optimum pH from 6.5 to 9.5.

6. A composition in accordance with claim le wherein the composition has a cellulase activity of from 5 to 1360 CMCase activity unit/graa of composition. -20-

7. A composition in accordance with clai»a i wherein the cellulase granulates are present at a level of from 1.5% to 10% by weight,, and. the fabric-softening clay material is ' present at a level from 2% to 101 by weight.

8. - A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the fabric-softening clay material is a bentonite clay.

9. - a composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the cellulase granulates are free of titanium dioxide and magnesium silicate.

10. Cellulase granulates for use in the compositions of claim lt, characterized in that they contain from 1% to 50%, by weight, of calcium carbonate.

11. Cellulase granulates according to claim 10, wherein the calcium carbonate is present at levels of from 5% to 15%. by weight.

12. = Cellulase granulates according to claim 10. which have the calcium carbonate coated onto them.

13. - Cellulase granulates according to claim 10, wherein the cellulase is bacterial or fungal cellulase having an optimum pH of between 5 and 11.5.

14. Cellulase granulates according to claim 13, wherein the cellulase is an alkali cellulase having an optimum pH from 5.5 to 9.5.

15. Cellulase granulates according to claim 10 which are free of titanium oxide and magnesium silicate.

16. A particulate composition according to Claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described.

17. A cellulase granulate according to Claim 10, substantially as hereinbefore described. F. R. KELLY & CO. AGENTS FOR THE APPLICANTS