IT1285334B1 - Apparecchiatura e relativo metodo di controllo della profondita' di lavorazione per una macchina operatrice per piastre di circuiti - Google Patents

Apparecchiatura e relativo metodo di controllo della profondita' di lavorazione per una macchina operatrice per piastre di circuiti

Info

Publication number
IT1285334B1
IT1285334B1 IT96TO000415A ITTO960415A IT1285334B1 IT 1285334 B1 IT1285334 B1 IT 1285334B1 IT 96TO000415 A IT96TO000415 A IT 96TO000415A IT TO960415 A ITTO960415 A IT TO960415A IT 1285334 B1 IT1285334 B1 IT 1285334B1
Authority
IT
Italy
Prior art keywords
equipment
control method
circuit plate
related processing
depth control
Prior art date
Application number
IT96TO000415A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gentile Sacchetti
Original Assignee
Pluritec Italia
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pluritec Italia filed Critical Pluritec Italia
Priority to IT96TO000415A priority Critical patent/IT1285334B1/it
Publication of ITTO960415A0 publication Critical patent/ITTO960415A0/it
Priority to EP97107952A priority patent/EP0808087A3/en
Priority to US08/856,793 priority patent/US6015249A/en
Priority to JP9127034A priority patent/JPH1058284A/ja
Publication of ITTO960415A1 publication Critical patent/ITTO960415A1/it
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of IT1285334B1 publication Critical patent/IT1285334B1/it
Priority to US09/572,916 priority patent/US6309151B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/0011Working of insulating substrates or insulating layers
    • H05K3/0044Mechanical working of the substrate, e.g. drilling or punching
    • H05K3/0047Drilling of holes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/56Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/58Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism a single sliding pair
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/22Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
    • B23Q17/2233Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work for adjusting the tool relative to the workpiece
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/26Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring depth
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02Details
    • H05K1/0266Marks, test patterns or identification means
    • H05K1/0268Marks, test patterns or identification means for electrical inspection or testing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/02Details related to mechanical or acoustic processing, e.g. drilling, punching, cutting, using ultrasound
    • H05K2203/0207Partly drilling through substrate until a controlled depth, e.g. with end-point detection
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/03Processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/16Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor
    • Y10T408/17Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor to control infeed
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/16Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor
    • Y10T408/175Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor to control relative positioning of Tool and work
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/55Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with work-engaging structure other than Tool or tool-support
    • Y10T408/561Having tool-opposing, work-engaging surface
    • Y10T408/5623Having tool-opposing, work-engaging surface with presser foot
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/303752Process
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/306664Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
    • Y10T409/306776Axially
    • Y10T409/306832Axially with infeed control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/306664Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
    • Y10T409/307224Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work with infeed control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/308624Milling with limit means to aid in positioning of cutter bit or work [e.g., gauge, stop, etc.]

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Supply And Installment Of Electrical Components (AREA)
IT96TO000415A 1996-05-17 1996-05-17 Apparecchiatura e relativo metodo di controllo della profondita' di lavorazione per una macchina operatrice per piastre di circuiti IT1285334B1 (it)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT96TO000415A IT1285334B1 (it) 1996-05-17 1996-05-17 Apparecchiatura e relativo metodo di controllo della profondita' di lavorazione per una macchina operatrice per piastre di circuiti
EP97107952A EP0808087A3 (en) 1996-05-17 1997-05-15 Device and method for controlling the machining depth of a machine for machining multilayer printed circuit boards
US08/856,793 US6015249A (en) 1996-05-17 1997-05-15 Device and method for controlling the machining depth of a machine for machining multilayer printed circuit boards
JP9127034A JPH1058284A (ja) 1996-05-17 1997-05-16 多層印刷回路板の切削機械の切削深さ制御装置及び制御方法
US09/572,916 US6309151B1 (en) 1996-05-17 1999-10-19 Device and method for controlling the machining depth of a machine for machining multilayer printed circuit boards

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT96TO000415A IT1285334B1 (it) 1996-05-17 1996-05-17 Apparecchiatura e relativo metodo di controllo della profondita' di lavorazione per una macchina operatrice per piastre di circuiti

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
ITTO960415A0 ITTO960415A0 (it) 1996-05-17
ITTO960415A1 ITTO960415A1 (it) 1997-11-17
IT1285334B1 true IT1285334B1 (it) 1998-06-03

Family

ID=11414642

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IT96TO000415A IT1285334B1 (it) 1996-05-17 1996-05-17 Apparecchiatura e relativo metodo di controllo della profondita' di lavorazione per una macchina operatrice per piastre di circuiti

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US6015249A (it)
EP (1) EP0808087A3 (it)
JP (1) JPH1058284A (it)
IT (1) IT1285334B1 (it)

Families Citing this family (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1285334B1 (it) * 1996-05-17 1998-06-03 Pluritec Italia Apparecchiatura e relativo metodo di controllo della profondita' di lavorazione per una macchina operatrice per piastre di circuiti
FR2774617B1 (fr) * 1998-02-06 2000-05-05 St Microelectronics Sa Procede et machine d'usinage d'une cavite dans une carte a puce electronique renfermant une antenne
US6199290B1 (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-03-13 Excellon Automation Co. Method and apparatus for automatic loading and registration of PCBs
JP3922453B2 (ja) * 2001-01-16 2007-05-30 タイコ・エレクトロニクス・コーポレイション 回路基板くり抜き装置及びその方法
US6550118B2 (en) * 2001-02-02 2003-04-22 Electroimpact, Inc. Apparatus and method for accurate countersinking and rivet shaving for mechanical assembly operations
US6651866B2 (en) 2001-10-17 2003-11-25 Lilogix, Inc. Precision bond head for mounting semiconductor chips
US20030115757A1 (en) * 2001-10-26 2003-06-26 Claudio Meisser Method and equipment for stripping a flat cable
US6745611B2 (en) * 2002-02-19 2004-06-08 Fci Americas Technology, Inc. Battery powered hydraulic tool
AU2003201742A1 (en) * 2002-02-22 2003-09-09 Ballado Investments Inc. Workpiece clamp with two alternately applicable compression rings
EP1649240B1 (en) * 2003-06-02 2007-05-30 Novator AB Method and apparatus for measuring a depth of holes in composite-material workpieces being machined by an orbiting cutting tool
JP4180476B2 (ja) * 2003-09-09 2008-11-12 日立ビアメカニクス株式会社 ワーク押さえを備える主軸装置
CN101547562A (zh) * 2003-09-19 2009-09-30 通道系统集团公司 闭合反钻系统
JP4367854B2 (ja) * 2004-06-01 2009-11-18 日立ビアメカニクス株式会社 プリント基板の穴あけ方法およびプリント基板加工機
US7625158B2 (en) * 2006-09-22 2009-12-01 Murray Houlton Forlong Clamping assembly
US8047749B2 (en) * 2007-08-30 2011-11-01 The Boeing Company Rapid inspection of lightning strike protection systems prior to installing fastener
US8668410B1 (en) * 2009-11-13 2014-03-11 The Boeing Company Drilling system stabilization
WO2011149485A1 (en) * 2010-05-28 2011-12-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for producing standardized assay areas on organic coatings
IT1401067B1 (it) * 2010-07-26 2013-07-12 Cover Technology S R L Macchina fresatrice
JP5583555B2 (ja) * 2010-11-09 2014-09-03 ビアメカニクス株式会社 加工装置
US9199351B2 (en) * 2011-05-09 2015-12-01 The Boeing Company Drilling machine having hole measurement capability
CN102883536B (zh) * 2012-09-29 2015-12-02 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 一种pcb板通孔加工方法及通孔结构
JP6023574B2 (ja) * 2012-12-10 2016-11-09 ビアメカニクス株式会社 基板穴明け装置及び基板穴明け方法
DE102013004679B4 (de) * 2013-03-19 2017-11-23 Skybrain Vermögensverwaltung GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bearbeiten von Leiterplatten
CN103776361B (zh) * 2014-01-15 2017-01-04 中钞信用卡产业发展有限公司 一种双界面卡内天线的深度检测装置及检测方法
CN103791808B (zh) * 2014-02-26 2017-02-15 广州明森科技股份有限公司 一种双界面卡内天线的深度检测装置及检测方法
US9341670B2 (en) 2014-05-20 2016-05-17 International Business Machines Corporation Residual material detection in backdrilled stubs
US20150359110A1 (en) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 Keysight Technologies, Inc. Inner layer depth detection during controlled-depth drilling using continuity test coupon
EP2987576A1 (de) * 2014-08-19 2016-02-24 Skybrain Vermögensverwaltungs GmbH Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bohrung und Bohrmaschine hierfür
US10237983B2 (en) 2014-12-23 2019-03-19 Sanmina Corporation Method for forming hole plug
CN104764395A (zh) * 2015-03-27 2015-07-08 深圳崇达多层线路板有限公司 一种印制电路板的切割深度测试方法及电路板
JP6485774B2 (ja) * 2015-11-11 2019-03-20 大船企業日本株式会社 多層プリント配線基板におけるバックドリル加工方法及び基板加工装置
JP7386034B2 (ja) * 2018-12-11 2023-11-24 ビアメカニクス株式会社 ドリル加工装置及びドリル加工方法
EP4133912A4 (en) 2020-04-07 2024-04-10 Nextgin Technology B.v. Methods and systems for back-drilling a multi-layer circuit board
CN112804825B (zh) * 2021-04-09 2021-09-14 苏州维嘉科技股份有限公司 控深钻孔的补偿方法和钻孔设备
CN114900966B (zh) * 2022-05-19 2023-09-01 深圳崇达多层线路板有限公司 电路板近孔背钻方法、电路板、通讯电子设备及加工装置
CN116546727B (zh) * 2023-05-04 2024-06-14 江西景旺精密电路有限公司 一种增加弯折能力以及控深精度的半刚挠产品控深铣工艺

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3527138A (en) * 1969-03-24 1970-09-08 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Apparatus for removing electrical insulation
JPS5929383B2 (ja) * 1975-07-23 1984-07-20 株式会社日立製作所 工作機械における切削工具と被加工物との接触検出装置
JPS5469883A (en) * 1977-11-14 1979-06-05 Toyoda Mach Works Ltd Contact detecting device
US4451892A (en) * 1980-01-31 1984-05-29 Mcmurtry David R Method of and apparatus for measuring distances in numerically controlled machine tools
US4765784A (en) * 1984-12-06 1988-08-23 Advanced Controls, Inc. Electronic depth control for drill
JPS61214953A (ja) * 1985-03-15 1986-09-24 Dai Showa Seiki Kk 工具とワ−クの接触検知装置
SE463857B (sv) * 1985-04-01 1991-02-04 Industriverktyg Ab Indikeringsanordning
US4869626A (en) * 1986-04-18 1989-09-26 Dynamotion Corporation High speed drilling spindle
DE3906254A1 (de) * 1989-02-28 1990-08-30 Hitachi Seiko Kk Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bearbeitung einer gedruckten leiterplatte
US5139376A (en) * 1991-10-23 1992-08-18 Excellon Automation Method and apparatus for controlled penetration drilling
JP3404771B2 (ja) * 1992-09-24 2003-05-12 株式会社デンソー 多層配線基板加工装置及び加工方法
DE4340249A1 (de) * 1993-11-26 1995-06-01 Schmoll Gmbh Maschinen Vorrichtung zum Tiefenbohren von Leiterplatten o. dgl.
IT1285334B1 (it) * 1996-05-17 1998-06-03 Pluritec Italia Apparecchiatura e relativo metodo di controllo della profondita' di lavorazione per una macchina operatrice per piastre di circuiti

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH1058284A (ja) 1998-03-03
EP0808087A2 (en) 1997-11-19
ITTO960415A0 (it) 1996-05-17
EP0808087A3 (en) 1998-09-09
US6309151B1 (en) 2001-10-30
ITTO960415A1 (it) 1997-11-17
US6015249A (en) 2000-01-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ITTO960415A0 (it) Apparecchiatura e relativo metodo di controllo della profondita' di lavorazione per una macchina operatrice per piastre di circuiti stampatimultistrato.
FR2769670B1 (fr) Circuit et procede de commande d'une machine electrique
DE69418897D1 (de) Rotierende elektrische Maschine
HUP9901056A3 (en) Stator for an electrical machine
DE69419528D1 (de) Elektrische maschine
IT8521991A0 (it) Di una macchina a scarica metodo e dispositivco di controllo elettrica.!
DE59401741D1 (de) Elektrische Maschine
DE69408789D1 (de) Gleichpolige dynamoelektrische Maschine
ES1012567Y (es) Una disposicion de plancha electrica.
DE59406147D1 (de) Elektrische maschine
FI954644A7 (fi) Pyörivät sähkökoneet
AU2135397A (en) Induction machine using ferromagnetic conducting rotor
DK157391D0 (da) Rotor til en elektrisk maskine
DE69508488D1 (de) Wertmünzenspielautomat
IT9048104A0 (it) Rotore per generatore a magneti
GB2282490B (en) Rotor for electrical machines
GB9513914D0 (en) Power circuit for reluctance machines
BR9701985A (pt) Máquina elétrico refrigerada a gás
FR2756413B1 (fr) Disjoncteur a piston semi-mobile
BR9600051A (pt) Máquina elétrica giratória
FI951506A7 (fi) Sähkökone
ITRM930247A0 (it) Dispositivo per il posizionamento di un utensile o di un pezzo su una macchina utensile.
FI962053A7 (fi) Menetelmä staattorin valmistamiseksi pyörivää sähkölaitetta varten
DE59711145D1 (de) Abschliesseinrichtung gegen betätigung eines fahrantriebes eines leistungsschalters
KR970000591U (ko) 철판 절단기

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
0001 Granted