ITMC20070196A1 - Sintesi chimica di i-124betacit iodine-124[2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane] per indagini pet e per la radioterapia. - Google Patents
Sintesi chimica di i-124betacit iodine-124[2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane] per indagini pet e per la radioterapia. Download PDFInfo
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- ITMC20070196A1 ITMC20070196A1 IT000196A ITMC20070196A ITMC20070196A1 IT MC20070196 A1 ITMC20070196 A1 IT MC20070196A1 IT 000196 A IT000196 A IT 000196A IT MC20070196 A ITMC20070196 A IT MC20070196A IT MC20070196 A1 ITMC20070196 A1 IT MC20070196A1
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- 229950010514 misonidazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009456 molecular mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- NALMPLUMOWIVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,4-trimethylbenzeneamine oxide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+](C)(C)[O-])C=C1 NALMPLUMOWIVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDEQUZYNZXTLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-(2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetamide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=NC=CN1CC(=O)NCCF JDEQUZYNZXTLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000025426 neoplasm of thorax Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001577 neostriatum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002610 neuroimaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000926 neurological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002154 non-small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011275 oncology therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N periodic acid Chemical compound OI(=O)(=O)=O KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002428 photodynamic therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000163 radioactive labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940075621 radiolabeled somatostatin analogue Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940032753 sodium iodate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium periodate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- LAJZODKXOMJMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Te]=O LAJZODKXOMJMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000003957 thoracic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000115 thoracic cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940104230 thymidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001685 thyroid gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000021510 thyroid gland disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005057 thyrotoxicosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- XLRPYZSEQKXZAA-OCAPTIKFSA-N tropane Chemical compound C1CC[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1N2C XLRPYZSEQKXZAA-OCAPTIKFSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/05—Isotopically modified compounds, e.g. labelled
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Description
Titolo: “Sintesi chimica di I-124βCIT Iodine-124[2βcarbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane] per indagini PET e per la radioterapia”.
La presente invenzione concerne una nuova molecola, I-124βCIT Iodine-124[2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane], da adottarsi per la PET.
La PET (Position Emission Tomography) è una metodica diagnostica che consente di studiare il metabolismo dei vari organi esaminati permettendo in tal modo di ottenere parametri diagnostici precoci delle diverse patologie. Negli ultimi anni tale metodica ha avuto una notevole espansione negli USA ed attualmente i centri di diagnostica PET stanno aumentando in tutta Europa, principalmente nel settore oncologico. In tale settore la PET introduce due parametri clinici, come la diagnosi precoce e l’ottimizzazione della terapia, che modificano l’aspettativa di vita dei pazienti e migliorano la gestione del loro male.
Altri campi di applicazione stanno assumendo un ruolo sempre maggiore come quello neurologico, cardiologico, reumatologico. In un’epoca dove si riscontra un continuo incremento della durata della vita media, sarà sicuramente di rilievo il ruolo della PET nello studio delle malattie dell’invecchiamento come il Parkinson e l’Alzheimer, come nello studio di molecole con le quali sia possibile diagnosticare precocemente l’insorgenza di eventi acuti cardiaci che oggigiorno rappresentano una delle principali cause di morte.
La PET si esegue iniettando ai pazienti un radiofarmaco e seguendo la distribuzione del radiofarmaco all’interno del corpo umano con specifici macchinari denominati Tomografi PET. I radiofarmaci sono costituiti da due parti essenziali che sono una il radioisotopo (che emette radiazioni beta) ed una molecola che si andrà a legare al radioisotopo e che costituisce il substrato metabolico dell’indagine PET. I radioisotopi vengono prodotti tramite uno strumento che si chiama Ciclotrone e vengono legati alla molecola che si vuole studiare attraverso specifici metodi di sintesi chimica.
Il radioisotopo oggi più comunemente utilizzato è il 18-Fluoro che ha una emivita di circa due ore ed ha caratteristiche chimiche idonee per essere facilmente legato, in forma liquida, a varie molecole.
Il 18-Fluoro-deossiglucosio (FDG) è la molecola oggi più comunemente utilizzata e studiata come risulta dalle seguenti pubblicazioni:
1. Kilbourn MR, Dence CS, Welch MJ, Mathias CJ. Fluorine-18 labeling of protein. J Nuvl Med 1987; 28: 462-70;
2. Schlyer, 2004. PET tracer and radiochemistry. Ann Acad Med Singapore; 33: 146-154;
3. Votaw J.R., Satter M.R., Nickles R.J. Oxigen present during azeotropic drying drastically reduces the radiochemical yeld of 2-FDG. J.Label. Compds. Radiopharm. 28, 83, 1990;
4. Nakao R., Kida T., Suzuki K., 2005. Factors affecting quality control of [18F]FDG injection:bacterial endotoxins test, aluminum ions test and HPLC analysis for FDG and CIDG. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 62: 889-895;
5. Fludeoxiglucose F 18 injection. In: The United States Pharmacopeia, 25th ed., and The National Formulary, 20th ed. Rockeville, MD: United States Pharmacopeia Convention, Inc., 2002: 752-753;
6. Briner WH. USP monograph and tests of radipharmaceutical purità [letter]. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1995; 52: 1817-1818;
7. Capintec, Inc. [Pittsburg, PA], written communication, January 2002;
8. Fludeoxiglucose (18F) injection. In: European Pharmacopeia 4th ed Strasbourg, France: European Directorate for the Qualità of the Medicines; 2002: 2316-2319;
9. Wienhard K., Pawlik G., Nebeling B. J. Cereb. Blood. Flow Metab. 11,485, 1991;
10. 4,7,13,16,21,24-Hexaoxa-1,10-diazobicyclo-(8,8,8)hexacosane (Kriptofix 222) [material safety data sheet]. St. Louis, MO: Sigma-Aldrich; August 3, 2000;
11. Meyer G.J., Coenen H.H., Waters S.L., Luxen A., Maziere B., Langstom B. PET radiopharmaceuticals in Europe: current use and data relevant for the formulation of summaries of product characteristics (SPCs). Eur J Nucl Med 22,1420,1995;
12. Bacterial endotoxins test (general charter 85). In: The United States Pharmacopeia, 25th ed., and The National Formulary, 20th ed. Rockville, MD: United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc.; 2002:1889-1893;
13. Finished drug product controls and acceptance criteria. In:
Guidance: PET Drug Products – Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP). Rockville, MD: Food and Drug Administration; 2002:27-28;
14. DJ Schlyer PET tracers and radiochemistry. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2004; 33: 146-54;
15. Sanjiv Sam Gambhir Molecular imaging of cancer with positron emission tomography. Nat Rev Cancer, 2002; Sept (2): 683-693);
16. Purnima Dubey, Helen Su, Nona Adonai, Shouying Du, Antonio Rosato, Jonathan Braun, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Owen N. Witte; Quantitative imaging of the T cell antitumor response by positron-emission tomography. PNAS Feb 4, 2004; 100(3): 1232–1237;
17. Czernin J. Clinical applications of FDG-PET in oncology.
Acta Med Aust 2002; 29: 162-70;
18. W.B. Eubank and D.A. Mankoff Evolving role of Positron Emission Tomography in breast cancer imaging. Semin Nucl Med 2005; 35: 84-99;
19. Peremans K, Cornelissen B, Van Den Bossche B et al. A review of small animal imaging planar and pinhole SPECT Γ camera imaging. Vet Rad Ultrasound 2005; 46(2): 162-170;
20. Paul D. Acton Small animal imaging with high resolution single photon emission tomograohy. Nucl Med Biol 2003; 30: 889-895;
21. Laforest R., Sharp T.L., Engelbach J.A. et al. Measurement of input functions in rodents: challenges and solutions. Nucl Med Biol 2005; 32: 679-685;
22. (CS Levin, EJ Hoffman. Calculation of positron range and its effect on the fundamentl limit of positron emission tomography system spatial resolution. Phys Med Biol 1999 mar; 44(3): 781-799);
23. Peremans K., Cornelissen B., Van Den Bossche B. et al. A review of small animal imaging planar and pinhole SPECT Γ camera imaging. Vet Rad Ultrasound 2005; 46 (2): 162-170; 24. Hiroshi Toyama, Masanori Ichise, Jeih-San Liow, Douglass C. Vines, et al. Evaluation of anestesia effects on 18F-FDG uptake in mouse brain and heart using small animal PET. Nucl Med Biol 2004; 31: 251-256;
25. Juri G. Tjuvajev, Arjun Joshi, James Callegari, Laura Lindsley et al. A general approach to the non-invasive imaging of transgene using cis-linked herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase. Neoplasia Oct 1999; 1(4): 315-320.
La molecola 18-Fluoro-deossiglucosio (FDG) consente di individuare all’interno dell’organismo i siti che hanno un consumo di glucosio maggiore rispetto ai normali standard metabolici e che quindi possono essere di natura cancerosa.
Il limite che sta emergendo da tale applicazione è la non sufficiente specificità nel differenziare siti tumorali da eventuali siti sede di infezione. Sono state sperimentate in questo senso altre molecole come la Fluoro-colina che aumentano la specificità diagnostica, soprattutto in alcune forme tumorali come il tumore della prostata od il tumore polmonare e cerebrale, come risulta dalle seguenti pubblicazioni:
1. 18F-Fluorocholine: A New Oncologic PET Tracer. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 42 N0. 12, December 2001; 2. Synthesis and Evaluation of 18F-Labeled Choline Analogs as Oncologic PET Tracers. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol 42 N012, December 2001;
3. Localization of Primary Prostate Cancer with Dual-Phase 18F-Fluorocholine PET. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 47 N0. 2, February 2006;
4. Uptake of 18F-Fluorocholine, 18F-Fluoroethyl-L-Tyrosine, and 18F-FDG in Acute Cerebral Radiation Injury in the Rat: Implications for Separation of Radiation Necrosis from Tumor Recurrence. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 45 N0. 11, November 2004;
5. PET for Prosatate Cancer Imaging: Still a Quandary or the Ultimate Solution? The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 43 N0. 2, February 2002;
6. Development of 18F-Fluoroethylcholine for Cancer Imaging with PET: Synthesis, Biochemistry, and Prostate Cancer Imaging. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 43 N0. 2, February 2002;
7. Synthesis and Evaluation of 18F-labeled Choline as an Oncologic Tracer for Positron Emission Tomography: Initial Findings in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Research Vol. 61, pagg.
110-117, January 1, 2000;
8. Pharmacokinetics and Radiation Dosimetry of 18F-Fluorocholine. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 43 N0.
1, January 2002;
9. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography with F-18-fluorocholine for Restaging of Prostate of Prostate Cancer Patient: Meaningful at PSA < 5 ng/ml? Molecular Imaging And Biology Vol. 8, pagg 43-48, 2006;
10.18F-Labeled Bombesin Analogs for Targeting GRP Receptor-Expressing Prostate Cancer. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 47 N0. 3, March 2006;
o la Fluoro-timidina, secondo la seguente Bibliografia:
1. 3’-18F-Fluoro-3’-Deoxy-L-Thymidine: A New Tracer for Staging Metastatic Melanoma? The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 44 N012, December 2003;
2. [18F]FLT PET for diagnosis and staging of thoracic tumors.
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Vol. 30 N010, October 2003;
3. [18F] 3-deoxy-3’-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography: alternative or diagnostic adjunct to 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography in the workup of suspicious central focal lesions? The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Vol. 127 N04 April 2004;
4. Potential impact of [18F]3’-deoxy-3’-fluorothymidine versus [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in positron emission tomography for colorectal cancer. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Vol. 30 N07, July 2003;
5. Fully automated system of 3’-deoxy-3’-18[F] fluorothymidine.
Nuclear of Medicine and Biology, August 2004 Vol. 31, 803-809;
6. Imaging Proliferation in Lung Tumors with PET: 18F-FLT Versus 18F-FD. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 44 N0.
9, September 2003;
7. PET Imaging with 18F-FLT and Thymidine Analogs: Promise and Pitfalls. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 44 N0. 9, September 2003;
8. Rat Studies Comparing 11C-FMAU, 18F-FLT, and 76Br-BFU as Proliferation Markers. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 43 N012, December 2002;
9. Evaluation of 3’-Deoxy-3’-18F-Fluorothymidine for Monitoring Tumor Response to Radiotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy in Mice. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 45 N010, October 2004;
10.18F-Fluoro-L-Thymidine and 11C-Methylmethionine as Markers of Increased Transport and Proliferation in Brain Tumors. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 46 N0. 12, December 2005;
11. Monitoring Tumor Cell Proliferation by Targeting DNA Synthetic Processes with Thymidine and Thymidine Analogs.
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 44 N0. 12, December 2003;
12. In Vivo Validation of 3’deoxy-3’-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) as a Proliferation Imaging Tracer in Humans: Correlation of [18F]FLT Uptake by Positron Emission Tomography with Ki-67 Immunohistochemistry and Flow Cytometry in Human Lung Tumors. Clinical Cancer Research Vol. 8, pagg. 3315-3323, November 2002;
13.3-Deoxy-3-[18F]Fluorothymidine-Positron Emission Tomography for Noninvasive Assessment of Proliferation in Pulmonary Nodules. Cancer Research Vol. 62, pagg. 3331-3334, June 15, 2002;
14. Usefulness of 3’-[F-18]Fluoro-3’-deoxythymidine with Positron Emission Tomography in Predicting Breast Cancer Response to Therapy. Molecular Imaging and Biology Vol. 8, pagg. 36-42, 2002;
15. A simplified analysis of [18F]3’-deoxy-3’-fluorothymidine metabolism and retention. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Vol. 32 N011, November 2005;
16. [18F]3’-Fluorothymidine, a Much Promising New Oncological PET Tracer: From Precursor Synthesis to Pet Images. Regional workshop on F-18 radiopharmaceuticals, Smolenice, Slovakia, November 25-27, 2001;
17. [18F]FLT-PET in oncology: current status and opportunities. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 23 November 2004.
Un altro settore di grande sviluppo della diagnostica PET è quello inerente allo sviluppo di piani di trattamento di radioterapia che consentono di ottimizzare l’effetto terapeutico. In tal senso esistono varie fasi di sviluppo della ricerca nel settore che, partendo da una dimostrata utilità dell’FDG, arrivano fino alle recenti esperienze con l’isotopo rame-64, in particolare la molecola 64Cu-ATSM, come risulta dalle seguenti pubblicazioni: 1. Molecular mechanism of copper uptake and distribution;
Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2002, 6: 171-180;
2. Biochemical Characterization of the Human Copper Transporter Ctr1; The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol 277 No. 6, Issue of February 8, pp. 4380-4387, 2002;
3. A comparison of PET imaging characteristics of various copper radioisotopes; Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging (2005) 32:1473-1480;
4. Copper Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine; Nuclear Medicine and Biology, Vol 23, pp. 957-980, 1996;
5. Basic characterization of 64Cu-ATSM as a radiotherapy agent; Nuclear Medicine and Biology 32 (2005) 21-28;
6. Double-tracer autoradiography with Cu-ATSM/FDG and immunohistochemical interpretation in four different mouse implanted tumor models; Nuclear Medicine and Biology 33 (2006) 743-750;
7. A novel approach to overcome hypoxic tumor resistance: Cu-ATSM-guided intensitàmodulated radiation therapy; Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys. Vol 49, no 4, pp. 1171-1182, 2001;
8. Mouse Extrahepatic Hepatoma Detected on MicroPET Using Copper (II)-64 Chloride Uptake Mediated by Endogenous Mouse Copper Transporter 1; Mol Immaging Biol ((2005) 7:325-329;
9. Copper-64-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone): An agent for radiotheraphy; PNAS 2001; 98; 1206-1211;
10. Enhancing Targeted Radiotherapy by Copper(II)diacetyl-bis( N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) Using 2-Deoxy-d-Glucose; Cancer Research 63, 5496-5504, September 1, 2003;
11. Molecular imaging with copper-64; Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 98 (2004) 1874-1901;
12. Theragnostic imaging for radiation oncology: dose-painting by numbers; Lancet Oncol. 2005; 6:112-17;
13. Hipoxia imaging-directed radiation treatment plannning; Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging (2006) 33: 44-53;
14. Subcellular Localizzation of Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogues: Implications for Targeted Radiotheraphy of Cancers; Cancer Research 63, 6864-6869, October 15, 2003; 15. Three-dimensional maximum a posteriori (MAP) imaging with radiopharmaceutical lebeled with three Cu radionuclides; Nuclear Medicine and Biology, Vol 33 (2006) 217-226;
16. Dosimetry of Internal Emitters; Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol 46 No. 1 (Suppl) 18-27;
17. Dosimetry in Peptide Radionucleide Receptor Therapy; A Review; J Nucl. Med 2006, 47: 1467-1475;
18. Electron-and Positron-Emitting Radiolanthanides for Therapy: Aspects of Dosimetry and Production; J Nucl. Med 2006, 47: 807-814;
19. Radiation-Induced Biologic Bystander Effect Elicited In Vitro by Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals Labelede with alfa-, beta-, and Auger Electron-Emitting Radionuclides; J Nucl. Med 2006, 47:1007-1015;
20. Auger Electron Spectra; Acta Oncologica Vol. 39, No 6, pp.
673-679, 2000.
Tale molecola consente di ottenere una mappa della distribuzione dell’ossigeno all’interno della massa tumorale e modifica i piani di trattamento sia nel senso della capacità di ridurre l’area di intervento, che nella esclusione delle aree che non presentano ossigeno e che quindi non offrono possibilità di risposta alla radioterapia.
Esistono sperimentazioni di tale tipo anche con molecole marcate con il 18-Fluoro, come l’F-MISO, come risulta dalle seguenti pubblicazioni:
1. Hypoxia and Glucose Metabolism in Malignant Tumors:
Evaluation by [18F]Fluoromisonidazole and [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Imaging; Clinical Cancer Research Vol.10, 2245-2252, April 1, 2004;
2. Hypoxia-induced increase in FDG uptake in MCF7 cells; J Nucl Med 2001; 42:170-5;
3. Effect of intratumoral heterogeneity in oxygenation status of FMISO PET, autoradiography and electrode P02 measurament in murine tumors; Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys., Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 854–861, 2005;
4. Effects of hypoxia on the uptake of tritiated thymidine, L-leucine, L-methionine and FDG in cultured cancer cells; J Nucl Med 1996; 37:502-6;
5. Biologic correlates of (18)fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in human breast cancer measured by Positron Emission Tomography; J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:379-87;
6. The Hypoxic cell: a targhet for selective cancer therapy;
Cancer Res 1999;59:5863-70;
7. Characterization of [18F]fluoroetanidazole, a new radiopharmaceutical for detecting tumor hypoxia; J Nucl Med 1999; 40:1072-9;
8. Prognostic impact of Hypoxia Imaging with18F-Misonidazole PET in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Head and Neck Cancer Before Radiotherapy; J Nucl Med 2005; 46:253–260;
9. Imaging oxygenation of human tumours; Eur Radiol (2007) 17: 861–872;
10. Assessment of Hypoxia and Perfusion in Human Brain Tumors Using PET with18F-Fluoromisonidazole and 15O-H2O; J Nucl Med 2004; 45:1851–1859;
11. On Measuring Hypoxia in Individual Tumors with Radiolabeled Agents; J Nucl Med Vol. 42 No. 11 November 2001;
12. Introducing fluorine-18 fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography for the localisation and quantification of pig liver hypoxia; Eur J Nucl Med 1999 26:95-109;
13. Fully automated one-pot sinthesis of [18F]Fluoromisonidazole; Nucl Med and Biology 32 (2005) 553-558;
ma le caratteristiche del Rame-64, in particolare l’emivita della durata di circa 12 ore, ne fanno oggi un radioisotopo di grande interesse prospettico del settore.
Lo Iodio-124 (124 I), oggetto di diverse pubblicazioni:
1. PET quantitation and imaging of the non-pure positronemitting iodine isotope 124I; Applied Radiation and Isotopes 56 (2002) 673–679;
2. Preparation of 124I solutions after thermodistillation of irradiated 124TeO2 targets; Applied Radiation and Isotopes 52 (2000) 181–184;
3. Highly sensitive spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of tellurium(IV) with the tungstate-basic dyespoly(vinyl alcolhol) system; Analyst, April 1998, Vol. 123 (695-697);
4. Quantitation of small – animal 124I activity distributions using a clinical PET/CT scanner; J Nucl Med 2004; 45:1237-1244; 5. Performance of a block detector PET scanner in imaging nonpure positron emitters modelling and experimental validation with 124I; Phys. Mod. Biol. 49 (2004) 5505-5528;
6. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of L-6-[123I]IODODOPA as a potential spect brainimaging agent; Journal of labelled compound and radiopharmaceuticals-Vol. XXVIII, No. 2;
7. Iodine-124 labelled Annexin – V as a potential radiotracer to study apoptosis using positron emission tomography; Applied Radiation and Isotopes 58 (2003) 55–62;
8. Imaging apoptosis in vivo using 124I-annexin V and PET;
Nuclear Medicine and Biology 32 (2005) 395–402;
9. [18F]β-CIT – FP is superior to [<11>C]β-CIT-FP for quantitation of the dopamine transporter; Nuclear Medicine & Biology, Vol. 24, pp. 621-627, 1997;
10. Evaluation of dosimetry of radioiodine therapty in benign and malignantthyroid by means of iodine-124 and PET; Eur. J. Nucl. Med. (2002) 29:760-767;
11.124I in PET imaging: impact on quantification, radiopharmaceutical development and distribution; Eur. J. Nucl. Med. (2006) 33:1247-1248;
12. Value of 124I-PET/CT in staging of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer; Eur. Radiol. (2004) 14:2092-2098;
è un isotopo instabile non presente in natura con un tempo di emivita pari a 4.2 giorni. Lo 124 I viene prodotto attraverso una reazione nucleare: 124 Te (p,n) su 99.8% su 124TeO2usando un’energia protonica in un range di 14-10 MeV; questa reazione nucleare porta ad un elevato grado di purezza di 124 I, mentre i livelli di 125 I e 126I sono inferiori a 0,01%.
Lo 124 I è quindi un isotopo ideale utilizzato come radiotracciante in medicina nucleare per la tomografia ad emissione positronica (PET).
Per la produzione del radioisotopo Iodio-124 (124 I) viene utilizzato un ciclotrone IBA da 18 MeV, e un target solido (COSTIS) dedicato alla realizzazione di Cu 64 e Iodio 124.
Il metodo consiste nel bombardamento con protoni per circa otto ore ad una corrente di 18 µA, su ossido di Tellurio arricchito (Te(124)O2), massa di ossido di tellurio 200 mg, su un disco di platino (supporto del target).
La resa dopo il bombardamento è di 40-50 mCi di Iodio-124 (124I), l’energia del fascio ha una sezione d’urto massima di 14 Mev. Inoltre, nell’irraggiamento dei target solidi è importante che il fascio di protoni sia perfettamente centrato; per realizzare ciò è indispensabile conoscerne la forma, essa viene rilevata attraverso un apposito scanner per autoradiografie (Cyclone) con il quale si registra l’immagine di un disco di alluminio, precedentemente irraggiato, in una pellicola al fosforo.
Il supporto utilizzato per il Target è un disco di Platino di diametro 24 mm con cavità circolare di 12 mm e permette una buona conduttività e resistenza alla corrosione.
Si utilizza una miscela di ossido di tellurio arricchito isotopicamente 124TeO2 e ossido di alluminio Al2O3, circa 250 mg w/5%, l’allumina funge da legante per la matrice vetrosa cristallina.
La miscela viene fatta fondere a 753 °C e si fa risolidificare (il tempo di preparazione è di 2 ore), il tutto avviene in una fornace a quarzo.
Il target deve essere il più stabile possibile contro le alte correnti di bombardamento per minimizzare eventuali perdite di TeO2, quando la tensione di vapore assume valori significanti.
Una volta pronto il target si procede al suo bombardamento. Lo stesso disco può subire molteplici irraggiamenti.
La separazione di Iodio-124 (124I) dalla matrice del disco target (124TeO2/ allumina) avviene attraverso un processo di termodistillazione2 effettuato utilizzando il modulo TERIMO -Automatic 124/123I iodine isotope synthesis module for PET scanning System control of 124I radioactive iodine isotope synthesis.
Il controllo del sistema è basato su una PLC, un regolatore di temperatura e un regolatore di flusso dell’aria, ed uno Scada System usato per il controllo e per l’acquisizione dei dati.
Il tempo di recupero dello Iodio-124 (124I) è di circa un’ora, la miscela si fa fondere a 753°C, si libera 124 I2sottoforma di gas, si gorgoglia 124I2in una soluzione di NaOH 0.1 N iperpura; si intrappola 124 I2nella soluzione di NaOH sottoforma di NaI (ioduro di sodio al 95%), sodio iodato NaIO3e periodato NaIO4(5%).
Tutto il processo chimico avviene all’interno del modulo di sintesi posto in un glove box il quale garantisce la sterilità del prodotto e la qualità in quanto segue le linee guida cGMP, garantendo un prodotto le cui caratteristiche principali sono la qualità e l’efficacia.
Alla fine del processo si ottiene Na 124I che può essere somministrato direttamente come radiotracciante da solo oppure utilizzato come radiomarcante per la sintesi di nuovi radiofarmaci.
Il controllo della purezza radionuclidica di 124I avviene attraverso spettroscopia gamma utilizzando uno Spettrometro Gamma al Germanio per rilevare la presenza di iodio-125 [125I], iodio126[126I], iodio-130[130I], iodio-131[131I], tali impurezze devono essere inferiori allo 0.1%.
Osservando i picchi dell’energia la purezza del radionuclide deve essere superiore al 99.5%.
Lo Iodio124(124 I) sotto forma di Na124I viene utilizzato per l’analisi attrverso PET .
Il suo lungo tempo di emivita (4.18 giorni) permette sia lo sviluppo di molteplici sintesi radiochimiche sia la rilevazione di processi biochimici lenti che non potrebbero essere rilevati utilizzando traccianti con breve tempo di emivita quali 11C e 18F4. L’impiego dello Iodio124(124 I) è particolarmente indicato nella radioimmunodiagnosi e nella radioimmunoterapia come indicatore di dosimetria per verificare lo stato della terapia con 131I, utilizzato nel trattamento della tireotossicosi e del tumore alla tiroide.
Lo Iodio131(131I) ha energie troppo elevate che non possono essere rilevate dallo strumento per cui non permette un indagine PET, per questo motivo viene impiegato durante la radioimmunoterapia con lo (iodio-124)[124I] poiché consente di seguire attraverso PET imaging l’andamento di tale terapia.
Lo 124I è un emettitore di positroni con uno schema di decadimento relativamente complesso ed, in considerazione che solo il 22% delle disintegrazioni sono positroni, inizialmente era stato considerato non adatto per studi di PET imaging.
Pentlow nel 1996 dimostrò che lo 124I, nonostante fosse un basso emettitore di positroni, era adatto nell’individuazione di tumori circondati da una relativamente bassa attività di fondo, che è tipica delle malattie della tiroide.
Quindi oggi la radioterapia con iodio è una pratica comunemente accettata nel trattamento di patologie benigne e maligne della tiroide, la dosimetria deriva da dati PET ottenuti dopo circa 1-13 giorni dalla simultanea somministrazione orale di una dose terapeutica di Iodio131(131I) e somministrazione di una dose diagnostica di 124I.
Il protocollo sperimentale consiste più precisamente nel somministrare dai 30 ai 40 MBq (Iodio124)124I insieme a dose terapeutica di Iodio131(131I) dai 526-1.237 MBq, vengono poi effettuate nei giorni 5-13 successivi quattro o cinque scansioni PET (PET Scan).
La prima analisi PET inizia dopo 24 ore dall’assunzione, i parametri di acquisizione sono di 10-15 minuti di emissione e 2-3 minuti di trasmissione per il campo visivo.
L’analisi PET con (Iodio124)124I quindi risulta essere una tecnica idonea attraverso la quale si può studiare la cinetica dello iodio nella terapia del cancro alla tiroide.
I vantaggi dell’utilizzo dello iodio-124 in medicina nucleare rispetto all’applicazione diagnostica attualmente in uso dello iodio-123 con la tecnica SPECT sono essenzialmente due: 1. possibilità di definire in modo quantitativo la distribuzione del tracciante al livello dei nuclei della base, ciò che è possibile effettuare solamente in modo semiquantitativo con lo iodio-123 in SPECT;
2. possibilità di seguire nel tempo, fino a 4 giorni, le variazioni del tracciante all’interno dei nuclei della base. Ciò consente anche di poter eseguire dei test farmacologici e di poterne valutare gli effetti.
L’utilizzo di iodio124βCIT Iodine-124[2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane] consente di effettuare una diagnostica resinatica dell’attività dei corpi dello striato in maniera quantitativa, con la possibilità di test farmacologici e ad un costo inferiore rispetto allo iodio-123βCIT iodio123βCIT Iodine-124[2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane]; in altri termini si ottiene un netto incremento di qualità ad un minor costo.
La presente invenzione concerne la sperimentazione e la sintesi di una nuova molecola, I-124βCIT Iodine-124[2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane].
In un vial da un 1 ml chiuso con setto e sotto atmosfera inerte si aggiungono nell’ordine: 5 mCi di Na124I in una soluzione di 500 µl di NaOH 0.05 N; 50 µg di trialchilstannil precursore ([2βcarbomethoxy-3β-(4-tributylstannylphenyl)tropane] oppure [2βcarbomethoxy-3β-(4-trimethylstannylphenyl)tropane]) sciolti, sonicando per 3 minuti, in 150 µl di etanolo; 50 µl di H3PO40.5 N; 50 µl di CH3CO3H 0.02 M preparato al momento dell’uso da 100 µl 32% di acido peracetico disciolti in 2.4 ml di acqua. Dopo 30 minuti a temperatura ambiente in atmosfera inerte si aggiungono 100 µl NaHSO3 di una soluzione preparata sciogliendo 10 mg in 1 ml. Si aspettano 5 minuti e si aggiungono 500 µl di una soluzione satura di NaHCO3, si trasferisce l’attività su una C18 Sep-Pak Light cartridge (precondizionata con 5 ml di etanolo e 5 di acqua per iniettabili) con un flusso di 1 ml/min, si lava la C18 Sep-Pak Light cartridge con 20 ml di acqua sterile con un flusso di 4 ml/min, e si eluisce il prodotto con 7 ml di una soluzione al 50% di etanolo/acqua sterile con un flusso di 1 ml/min, dopodichè il prodotto viene fatto passare attraverso un filtro a 0,22 µm sterile e viene diluito con soluzione salina.
Una via alternativa di purificazione prevede l’utilizzo del HPLC.
Claims (1)
- RIVENDICAZIONI 1. Molecola di I-124βCIT Iodine-124[2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane] la cui sintesi delle due componenti è adatta per il trattamento diagnostico in “vivo” con PET; 2. Molecola di I-124βCIT Iodine-124[2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane] secondo la rivendicazione 1 caratterizzata dalla sostituzione di un alchilstagno con Iodio-124 con una reazione a temperatura ambiente; 3. Processo di sintesi di I-124βCIT Iodine-124[2βcarbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane] con sostituzione del gruppo alchilstagno con Iodio-124 con una reazione a temperatura ambiente; 4. Molecola Iodine-124[2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane] di formula:5. Processo di sintesi di Iodine-124[2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane] di formula:
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000196A ITMC20070196A1 (it) | 2007-10-10 | 2007-10-10 | Sintesi chimica di i-124betacit iodine-124[2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane] per indagini pet e per la radioterapia. |
| US12/682,431 US20100249416A1 (en) | 2007-10-10 | 2008-09-30 | Chemical synthesis of i-124beta cit iodine-124 [2-beta-carbomethoxy-3beta- (4. -iodophenyl) -tropane] for pet investigations and for radiotherapy |
| PCT/EP2008/008272 WO2009046897A1 (en) | 2007-10-10 | 2008-09-30 | Chemical synthesis of i-124beta cit iodine-124 [2-beta-carbomethoxy-3beta- (4. -iodophenyl) -tropane] for pet investigations and for radiotherapy |
| JP2010528291A JP2011500518A (ja) | 2007-10-10 | 2008-09-30 | PET検査および放射線療法用のI−124βCIT:ヨウ素−124[2β−カルボメトキシ−3β−(4−ヨードフェニル)トロパン]の化学合成 |
| EP08837837A EP2212320A1 (en) | 2007-10-10 | 2008-09-30 | Chemical synthesis of i-124beta cit iodine-124 [2-beta-carbomethoxy-3beta- (4. -iodophenyl) -tropane] for pet investigations and for radiotherapy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000196A ITMC20070196A1 (it) | 2007-10-10 | 2007-10-10 | Sintesi chimica di i-124betacit iodine-124[2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane] per indagini pet e per la radioterapia. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ITMC20070196A1 true ITMC20070196A1 (it) | 2008-01-09 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000196A ITMC20070196A1 (it) | 2007-10-10 | 2007-10-10 | Sintesi chimica di i-124betacit iodine-124[2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane] per indagini pet e per la radioterapia. |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100249416A1 (it) |
| EP (1) | EP2212320A1 (it) |
| JP (1) | JP2011500518A (it) |
| IT (1) | ITMC20070196A1 (it) |
| WO (1) | WO2009046897A1 (it) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI104048B (fi) * | 1997-06-16 | 1999-11-15 | Map Medical Technologies Oy | Prosessi tuottaa radiojodattuja reseptoriaineita in vivo käyttöön |
-
2007
- 2007-10-10 IT IT000196A patent/ITMC20070196A1/it unknown
-
2008
- 2008-09-30 JP JP2010528291A patent/JP2011500518A/ja active Pending
- 2008-09-30 WO PCT/EP2008/008272 patent/WO2009046897A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-09-30 US US12/682,431 patent/US20100249416A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-09-30 EP EP08837837A patent/EP2212320A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2011500518A (ja) | 2011-01-06 |
| US20100249416A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
| WO2009046897A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
| EP2212320A1 (en) | 2010-08-04 |
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