ITTO20090768A1

ITTO20090768A1 - PREFABRICATED CELLULARS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE FOR FORMING BOXES WITH CLOSED FRAME AND / OR STRUCTURES WITH ARCHEDIC BEHAVIOR, WITH ANY HINGE OR JOINTS ORGANIZED

Info

Publication number: ITTO20090768A1
Application number: IT000768A
Authority: IT
Inventors: Daniele Franco; Giorgio Montiglio
Original assignee: Franco & C S P A Ing
Priority date: 2009-10-07
Filing date: 2009-10-07
Publication date: 2011-04-08

Description

DESCRIZIONE dell’invenzione industriale dal titolo: DESCRIPTION of the industrial invention entitled:

“Prefabbricati cellulari in calcestruzzo armato atti a formare scatolari a telaio chiuso e/o strutture con comportamento ad arco, con eventuali cerniere e giunti organizzati” "Cellular prefabricated structures in reinforced concrete designed to form closed-frame box-like structures and / or structures with arched behavior, with any hinges and organized joints"

TESTO DELLA DESCRIZIONE TEXT OF THE DESCRIPTION

Premessa Premise

La presente invenzione si riferisce alla realizzazione di gallerie artificiali ovvero di strutture in cemento armato ordinario e/o precompresso idonee ad essere ricoperte da uno strato, anche minimo, di terreno. The present invention relates to the construction of artificial tunnels or structures in ordinary and / or prestressed reinforced concrete suitable for being covered by a layer, even a minimal one, of soil.

L’interramento o il ricoprimento di nuove opere d’arte strutturali che costituiscono l’intersezione tra un nuovo asse viario (stradale, autostradale, ferroviario, ecc) con una preesistente linea di traffico oppure una linea idraulica (canale irriguo, fiume confinato) oppure con una condotta o un oleodotto, ha trovato sempre più consenso presso numerosi enti appaltanti ed uffici di progettazione. The burying or covering of new structural works of art that constitute the intersection between a new road axis (road, motorway, railway, etc.) with an existing traffic line or a hydraulic line (irrigation canal, confined river) or with a pipeline or an oil pipeline, it has found more and more approval by numerous contracting bodies and design offices.

Il ricorso all’interramento di queste opere d’arte consente di ottenere una mitigazione dell’impatto ambientale dell’opera sull’ambiente circostante veramente ottimale: la struttura viene “nascosta”, inserita nell’ambiente circostante. The recourse to the burial of these works of art allows to obtain a truly optimal mitigation of the environmental impact of the work on the surrounding environment: the structure is "hidden", inserted in the surrounding environment.

Nel brevetto TO2007A000756 si è descritta ed illustrata la tecnica di realizzazione di gallerie artificiali costituite da una fondazione e da anelli successivi, caratterizzata dal fatto che ogni anello include quattro elementi: due elementi di calotta prefabbricati e due elementi di base atti a ridurre l’altezza dei due elementi di calotta entro dimensioni di ingombro a norma per il trasporto stradale ed autostradale. Patent TO2007A000756 describes and illustrates the construction technique of artificial tunnels consisting of a foundation and successive rings, characterized by the fact that each ring includes four elements: two prefabricated shell elements and two base elements designed to reduce the height of the two shell elements within overall dimensions in accordance with the law for road and motorway transport.

Come descritto nel brevetto TO2007A000756 queste gallerie artificiali sono fondamentalmente ad arco. Ne consegue che l’ingombro geometrico degli elementi ad arco di calotta diventa l’elemento determinante per definire la sagoma di trasporto su autocarri ed autoarticolati e quindi fondamentale per redigere lo studio di fattibilità tecnicoeconomica. As described in patent TO2007A000756 these artificial tunnels are basically arched. It follows that the geometric dimensions of the arched elements of the cap become the decisive element for defining the shape of transport on trucks and articulated lorries and therefore essential for drawing up the technical-economic feasibility study.

La trasportabilità dell’elemento ad arco prefabbricato è parametro importante per la progettazione della galleria artificiale prefabbricata. The transportability of the prefabricated arch element is an important parameter for the design of the prefabricated artificial tunnel.

Un’ulteriore caratteristica fondamentale del brevetto TO2007A000756 è il funzionamento ad arco degli elementi di calotta che consente, come noto nella tecnica delle costruzioni, di utilizzare sezioni di spessore veramente ridotte in rapporto alla luce: pari a 1/30 – 1/35. A further fundamental feature of the TO2007A000756 patent is the arc-shaped operation of the cap elements which allows, as known in the construction technique, to use sections of really reduced thickness in relation to the light: equal to 1/30 - 1/35.

La presente invenzione costituisce una evoluzione, una ottimizzazione di una precedente tecnica costruttiva già sperimentata con successo dalla Ing. Franco & C SpA per la realizzazione di gallerie artificiali per la costruzione del collegamento autostrada A4 con l’Aereoporto di Malpensa negli anni ’90. Tali gallerie venivano realizzate con l’utilizzo di elementi di piedritto nervati (detti anche costolati) ed elementi trave in c.a.p. a Π rovescio completati in opera mediante la realizzazione di plinti di fondazione, nodi di continuità e soletta superiore di completamento. Questa tecnica è ancora in uso presso la Ing. Franco & C SpA ed è stata di recente utilizzata per realizzare importanti sottopassi cittadini. Questo tipo di gallerie risultano però difficili da impermeabilizzare in quanto risulta particolarmente difficile e dispendioso avvolgere i teli in PVC o altro analogo lungo l’alternarsi dei risalti delle nervature controterra. The present invention constitutes an evolution, an optimization of a previous construction technique already successfully tested by Ing. Franco & C SpA for the construction of artificial tunnels for the construction of the A4 motorway link with Malpensa Airport in the 90s. These tunnels were built with the use of ribbed piers (also called ribbed) and beam elements in reinforced concrete. a reverse side completed on site through the construction of foundation plinths, continuity nodes and upper completion slab. This technique is still in use at Ing. Franco & C SpA and has recently been used to build important city underpasses. However, this type of tunnels are difficult to waterproof as it is particularly difficult and expensive to wrap the PVC or similar sheets along the alternation of the ridges of the ribs in contact with the ground.

L’invenzione The invention

La presente invenzione si pone come sintesi dell’analisi delle problematiche di trasporto e come evoluzione per consentire una ottimale impermeabilizzazione dell’intera struttura in calcestruzzo. The present invention is intended as a synthesis of the analysis of transport problems and as an evolution to allow optimal waterproofing of the entire concrete structure.

In particolare la struttura viene realizzata mediante anelli successivi accostati, ogni anello è costituito da una elevazione e da una copertura suborizzontale e/o orizzontale così caratterizzate: un piedritto prefabbricato del tipo “cellulare” in calcestruzzo e da un elemento cellulare in calcestruzzo di copertura con sezione fondamentalmente a doppio II analogo all’elemento piedritto ed assemblati reciprocamente mediante un getto in opera. Questo sistema consente di rendere versatile il sezionamento della struttura principale in singoli elementi prefabbricati atti ad essere trasportati agevolmente in cantiere dopo la loro prefabbricazione. Determinante diventa la facilità con cui si impermeabilizza l’estradosso della struttura, ovvero la struttura controterra, essendo questa una superficie continua su cui distendere ed applicare l’impermeabilizzazione prescelta. In particular, the structure is made by means of successive juxtaposed rings, each ring consists of an elevation and a sub-horizontal and / or horizontal roof characterized as follows: a prefabricated "cellular" concrete piers and a cellular element in concrete covering with basically double section II similar to the pierced element and mutually assembled by means of an on-site casting. This system makes it possible to make the sectioning of the main structure into individual prefabricated elements versatile, suitable for being transported easily to the construction site after their prefabrication. The ease with which the extrados of the structure is waterproofed, or the structure in contact with the ground, becomes decisive, as this is a continuous surface on which to spread and apply the chosen waterproofing.

A titolo esemplificativo, ma non esaustivo, si schematizza che l’elemento piedritto è contenuto nel parallelogramma equivalente con dimensioni: s x h x b ovvero By way of example, but not exhaustively, it is schematized that the straight element is contained in the equivalent parallelogram with dimensions: s x h x b or

s = spessore (in direzione trasversale alla galleria, direzione x) s = thickness (in the direction transverse to the tunnel, direction x)

h= altezza (in direzione verticale rispetto alla galleria, direzione z) h = height (in the vertical direction to the tunnel, z-direction)

b= larghezza (in direzione longitudinale alla galleria, direzione y) b = width (in the longitudinal direction to the tunnel, y direction)

L’elemento trave è contenuto nel parallelogramma equivalente con dimensioni: k x L x b ovvero The beam element is contained in the equivalent parallelogram with dimensions: k x L x b or

k = spessore (in direzione verticale alla galleria, direzione z) k = thickness (in the vertical direction to the tunnel, z direction)

L= lunghezza (in direzione trasversale alla galleria, direzione x) L = length (in the direction transverse to the tunnel, direction x)

L’insieme degli elementi piedritto (due) e dell’elemento trave (uno) genera una struttura con ingombro geometrico interno h x L. The set of the pierced elements (two) and the beam element (one) generates a structure with internal geometric dimensions h x L.

La galleria, ordinariamente, viene realizzata secondo le seguenti modalità: The tunnel is usually built in the following ways:

- scavo generale di sbancamento; - general excavation excavation;

- getto del magrone di fondazione; - casting of the foundation lean stone;

- posa degli elementi di piedritto che vengono sostenuti provvisoriamente mediante opportune puntellazioni per impedirne il movimento o il ribaltamento; - laying of the piers which are temporarily supported by means of suitable shoring to prevent movement or overturning;

- completamento della fondazione di base con armatura e getto del calcestruzzo in opera; detta fondazione può essere, in funzione dei terreni e dei carichi in gioco, nastriforme (trave continua) oppure a solettone unico (piastra di fondazione)oppure ad arco (arco rovescio); - completion of the base foundation with reinforcement and casting of the concrete in place; according to the terrain and the loads involved, said foundation can be ribbon-like (continuous beam) or with a single slab (foundation plate) or arched (inverted arch);

- a maturazione dei getti della fondazione avvenuta, si provvede a posare gli elementi trave di copertura; - once the foundation castings have matured, the roof beam elements are laid;

- completamento della unione tra i piedritti e la trave con armatura e getto del calcestruzzo in opera: questo elemento di unione è anche un elemento di collegamento longitudinale alla galleria tra i vari anelli prefabbricati; - completion of the union between the piers and the beam with reinforcement and casting of the concrete in place: this joining element is also a longitudinal connection element to the tunnel between the various prefabricated rings;

- in sommità alla trave e/o tra trave e trave a secondo delle necessità e delle caratteristiche dell’opera in esecuzione viene realizzata in opera una soletta e/o una caldana in cls con o senza armatura integrativa in grado di collegare rigidamente le trave ed in grado da realizzare un piano sul quale stendere l’opportuno strato di impermeabilizzazione. - at the top of the beam and / or between beam and beam, according to the needs and characteristics of the work being carried out, a concrete slab and / or caldana with or without additional reinforcement is created on site, able to rigidly connect the beam and able to create a surface on which to lay the appropriate waterproofing layer.

- la struttura viene a questo punto impermeabilizzata all’estradosso ovvero sulle superfici a contatto del terreno di riempimento; - the structure is now waterproofed on the extrados or on the surfaces in contact with the filling ground;

- predisposizione di eventuali tubi di drenaggio a tergo della struttura e posa della impermeabilizzazione; - preparation of any drainage pipes on the back of the structure and installation of the waterproofing;

- qualora necessario il riempimento a tergo della struttura può essere realizzato in tutto o in parte in misto cementato a secondo delle esigenze. - if necessary, the filling on the back of the structure can be made in whole or in part in cemented mix according to requirements.

Una possibile variante della galleria sopra descritta è costituita da una galleria realizzata da un elemento piedritto cellulare contenuto nel parallelogramma equivalente con dimensioni: s x h x b ovvero A possible variant of the tunnel described above consists of a tunnel made from a cellular upright element contained in the equivalent parallelogram with dimensions: s x h x b or

e da un elemento trave a pigreco rovescio contenuto nel parallelogramma equivalente con dimensioni: k x L x b ovvero and by an inverted beam element contained in the equivalent parallelogram with dimensions: k x L x b or

completata in opera da una sovrastante soletta gettata in opera. completed on site by an overlying slab cast in situ.

L’insieme degli elementi piedritto (due) e dell’elemento trave con soletta(uno), genera una struttura con ingombro geometrico interno h x L The set of pierced elements (two) and the beam element with slab (one), generates a structure with internal geometric dimensions h x W

Figure Figures

La figura 1 rappresenta una vista assonometria dell’elemento piedritto nella versione bi-cellulare. Figure 1 represents an axonometric view of the pierced element in the bi-cellular version.

Il piedritto cellulare è contenuto nel parallelogramma equivalente con dimensioni: s x h x b ovvero The cellular upright is contained in the equivalent parallelogram with dimensions: s x h x b that is

s= spessore (in direzione trasversale alla galleria, direzione x); s = thickness (in the direction transverse to the tunnel, direction x);

h= altezza (in direzione verticale rispetto alla galleria, direzione z); h = height (in the vertical direction with respect to the tunnel, z-direction);

b= larghezza (in direzione longitudinale alla galleria, direzione y); b = width (in the longitudinal direction to the tunnel, y direction);

La figura 2 rappresenta una vista assonometrica dell’elemento trave contenuto nel parallelogramma equivalente con dimensioni: k x L x b ovvero Figure 2 represents an axonometric view of the beam element contained in the equivalent parallelogram with dimensions: k x L x b or

k= spessore (in direzione verticale alla galleria, direzione z); k = thickness (in the vertical direction to the tunnel, z direction);

L= lunghezza (in direzione trasversale alla galleria, direzione x); L = length (in the direction transverse to the tunnel, direction x);

La figura 3 rappresenta l’insieme degli elementi piedritto (due) e dell’elemento trave (uno) che genera una struttura con ingombro geometrico interno h x L. Figure 3 represents the set of the piers (two) and the beam element (one) which generates a structure with internal geometric dimensions h x L.

La figura 4 rappresenta una possibile variante della galleria ove viene previsto un elemento trave a pigreco rovescio contenuto nel parallelogramma equivalente con dimensioni: k x L x b ovvero: Figure 4 represents a possible variant of the tunnel where an inverted beam element is provided, contained in the equivalent parallelogram with dimensions: k x L x b that is:

completata in opera da una sovrastante soletta in opera. completed on site by an overlying slab on site.

La figura 5 rappresenta l’insieme degli elementi piedritto (due) e dell’elemento trave a pigreco rovescio con soletta (uno), genera una struttura con ingombro geometrico interno h x L. Figure 5 represents the set of the pierced elements (two) and the inverted beam element with slab (one), generating a structure with internal geometric dimensions h x L.

La figura 6a rappresenta la sezione in pianta di più elementi piedritto mono-cellulari accostati. Si evidenzia la “cella centrale” conformata direttamente in prefabbricazione all’interno del manufatto. Si evidenzia la “cella laterale” realizzata in opera dall’accostamento di due elementi cellulari contigui. Figure 6a represents the plan section of several mono-cellular pierced elements placed side by side. It highlights the "central cell" conformed directly in prefabrication inside the building. The "side cell" built on site by the juxtaposition of two contiguous cellular elements is highlighted.

La figura 6b rappresenta la sezione in pianta di più elementi piedritto bi-cellulari: si evidenziano le “celle centrali” e le “celle laterali”. Figure 6b represents the plan section of several bi-cellular piers: the “central cells” and the “side cells” are highlighted.

La figura 7 rappresenta la possibile variante geometrica della cella interna dell’elemento di piedritto cellulare. Figure 7 represents the possible geometric variant of the internal cell of the cellular upright element.

La figura 8 rappresenta la possibile variante geometrica della cella esterna, ovvero del profilo esterno dell’elemento prefabbricato. Figure 8 represents the possible geometric variant of the external cell, or the external profile of the prefabricated element.

La fig.9 rappresenta la sezione dell’elemento di piedritto cellulare nel quale, alla base si evidenziano dei piedini (p) in cls atti a sorreggere l’elemento durante le fasi provvisorie di posa. Dalla base dell’elemento fuoriescono delle armature (ainf) idonee, atte a creare il collegamento con la fondazione da gettare in opera. In sommità fuoriescono delle armature (bsup) atte a collegarsi con altre armature da collocarsi in opera, per creare il nodo di unione tra piedritto e calotta. Fig. 9 represents the section of the cellular pillar element in which, at the base, there are concrete feet (p) designed to support the element during the provisional phases of laying. Suitable reinforcements (ainf) protrude from the base of the element, designed to create the connection with the foundation to be cast on site. At the top there are reinforcements (bsup) designed to connect with other reinforcements to be placed on site, to create the knot of union between the piers and the cap.

Le fig. 10a, 10b, 10c evidenziano la possibilità che l’elemento prefabbricato di copertura (trave) possa essere ad intradosso piano (10a) oppure costituito da linee spezzate, sub orizzontali (10b) oppure con intradosso curvo o ad arco (10c). The figs. 10a, 10b, 10c highlight the possibility that the prefabricated roofing element (beam) may have a flat intrados (10a) or consisting of broken lines, sub horizontal (10b) or with curved or arched intrados (10c).

La fig.11 evidenzia uno schema strutturale a telaio a due cerniere alla base realizzate mediante la sagomatura dell’elemento di base secondo una superficie cilindrica (convessa) idonea a ruotare in una sede cilindrica (concava). Fig. 11 shows a structural diagram with two hinges at the base made by shaping the base element according to a cylindrical (convex) surface suitable for rotating in a cylindrical (concave) seat.

La fig.12 evidenzia uno schema strutturale a telaio a tre cerniere ove viene prevista una terza cerniera in chiave oltre alle due alla base. Fig. 12 shows a three-hinged frame structural diagram where a third hinge is provided in key in addition to the two at the base.

La fig.13a descrive uno schema strutturale a telaio continuo alla connessione tra piedritto e trave superiore e da una armatura a taglio alla base nella connessione tra piedritto e plinto di base: spinotto al piede. Fig.13a describes a continuous frame structural diagram at the connection between the piers and the upper beam and from a shear reinforcement at the base in the connection between the piers and the base plinth: pin to the foot.

La fig.13b descrive uno schema strutturale a telaio continuo alla connessione tra piedritto ed elemento di fondazione ed una connessione a taglio, con spinotto, al collegamento tra piedritto e trave idoneo a sopportare azioni orizzontali di taglio: l’elemento trave funziona come elemento “puntone” a contrasto dei due elementi di piedritto. Fig.13b describes a continuous frame structural diagram for the connection between the pier and the foundation element and a shear connection, with pin, at the connection between the pier and the beam suitable for withstanding horizontal shear actions: the beam element functions as a " strut ”in contrast of the two piers.

La fig.13c evidenzia la possibilità di segmentare l’elemento di orizzontamento in modo da creare un elemento più piccolo centrale che si sorregge sui laterali mediante selle tipo Gherber, le quali possono essere di carattere provvisorio o definitivo. Fig.13c highlights the possibility of segmenting the horizontal element in order to create a smaller central element that is supported on the side by means of Gherber-type saddles, which can be of a temporary or definitive nature.

La fig.14 evidenzia, nella sezione trasversale x-x, la possibilità di predisporre una armatura in opera che parte dal piede e proseguire nell’elemento di piedritto verticale: armatura (a) e che prosegue in copertura: armatura (b). Queste armature sono idoneamente cerchiate con staffe (s). Ciò consente di avere le celle esterne, con valenza strutturale in quanto idoneamente e correttamente armate ed in grado di partecipare “portare” parte delle sollecitazioni in gioco. Fig. 14 shows, in the cross section x-x, the possibility of preparing a reinforcement in place that starts from the foot and continues in the vertical pier element: reinforcement (a) and which continues on the roof: reinforcement (b). These armors are suitably circled with stirrups (s). This allows to have the external cells, with structural value as they are suitably and correctly armed and able to participate in "carrying" part of the stresses involved.

La fig.15 descrive un particolare importante per realizzare l’intera struttura senza la necessità di casseratura aggiuntiva in opera. Dalla sommità del piedritto, in corrispondenza del nodo di unione con l’orizzontamento di copertura, viene previsto un sopralzo in calcestruzzo, integrato direttamente nell’elemento piedritto prefabbricato che funge da sponda per il getto del nodo in questione. Fig. 15 describes an important detail for creating the entire structure without the need for additional formwork on site. From the top of the pier, in correspondence of the joint node with the roofing, a concrete elevation is provided, integrated directly into the prefabricated pier element that acts as a side for the casting of the node in question.

La fig. 16a descrive una galleria costituita da due canne di circolazione: galleria a due canne. Viene inoltre descritta la possibilità, in luogo di un unico elemento cellulare centrale, di disporre al centro due elementi di piedritto del tipo “nervato”. Fig. 16a describes a tunnel consisting of two circulation pipes: a two-pipe gallery. It also describes the possibility, instead of a single central cellular element, of arranging two piers of the "ribbed" type in the center.

La fig.16b descrive, in analogia alla precedente, una galleria a tre canne. Fig. 16b describes, in analogy to the previous one, a three-pipe gallery.

La fig.17 descrive la possibilità di accoppiare due elementi di piedritto contigui e di collegarli mediante armatura in opera: giunto armato. Fig. 17 describes the possibility of coupling two contiguous piers and connecting them by means of reinforcement on site: reinforced joint.

La fig.18 descrive l’accoppiamento tra elementi di piedritto contigui a secco, ovvero con immaschiature: giunto coniugato. Queste giunto migliora la connessione tra gli anelli di prefabbricato successi. Fig. 18 describes the coupling between contiguous dry abutment elements, or with grouting: conjugate joint. These joint improves the connection between the rings of prefabricated successes.

La fig.19 descrive una galleria, ove su un fianco è possibile organizzare un’apertura, detta “finestratura” idonea per gallerie con particolari valenze ambientali, oppure per esigenze di aerazione secondo la normativa antincendio in particolari condizioni (es. gallerie paravalanghe). Fig. 19 describes a tunnel, where on one side it is possible to organize an opening, called "window" suitable for tunnels with particular environmental values, or for aeration needs according to fire regulations in particular conditions (eg avalanche protection tunnels).

La fig.20 descrive una galleria ove, in luogo di uno dei due piedritti laterali, viene prevista una colonna o pilastro per motivi ambientali ed architettonici. Fig. 20 describes a gallery where, in place of one of the two lateral piers, a column or pillar is provided for environmental and architectural reasons.

La fig.21 descrive una galleria nel quale l’elemento piedritto è costituito da una pluralità di corpi a costituire una linea spezzata interna che si accoppia con un elemento di copertura orizzontale o sub orizzontale. L’assemblaggio degli elementi avviene mediante l’utilizzo di puntelli o torri di sostegno provvisorie inferiori che vengono rimosse dopo i getti di collegamento e la costruzione del telaio strutturale. Fig. 21 describes a tunnel in which the pierced element consists of a plurality of bodies to form an internal broken line that is coupled with a horizontal or sub-horizontal covering element. The assembly of the elements takes place through the use of temporary lower props or support towers that are removed after the connection castings and the construction of the structural frame.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Structural system with successive rings, each ring consists of a foundation, an elevation and a sub-horizontal and / or horizontal and / or arched roof, characterized by the fact that it is made of: a cellular prefabricated pier in concrete with basically double II section having a main central cell, by laying the subsequent piers a succession of central cells and side cells consisting of the two half-cells, and of a cellular element prefabricated in concrete covering with a section basically double II similar to the '' pierced element mutually assembled by means of a cast in situ concrete suitably reinforced to achieve structural continuity or to create other structural joints or joints, sized to form a single isostatic or hyperstatic structure suitable for bearing permanent and operating loads and for transferring the shares on the underlying foundation cast in situ or prefabricated, suitable to allow a correct and suitable waterproofing of the extrados surface of the structure.

2. Structural system with successive rings, each ring consists of a foundation, an elevation and a sub-horizontal and / or horizontal and / or arched roof, characterized by the fact that it is made of: a prefabricated cellular concrete piers with basically double II section having a main central cell, by laying the subsequent piers a succession of central cells and side cells is created consisting of the two half-cells, and a prefabricated roofing concrete beam element with a basically inverted П section (pigreco reverse) with an overlying slab cast in place, the piers and the beam are mutually connected by means of a cast in situ concrete suitably reinforced to achieve structural continuity or to create other structural joints or joints, sized to form a single isostatic or hyperstatic structure suitable to withstand permanent and operating loads and tr transfer the shares to the underlying foundation cast in place or prefabricated.

3. Structural system according to claims 1) or 2) characterized in that the surfaces in contact with the ground are flat and suitable for allowing a correct and suitable waterproofing of the extrados surface of the structure.

4. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized by the fact that from the top and base of the cellular piers protrude steel reinforcements that are connected at the top with the piercing node and at the base to the foundation so as to make the structural continuity.

5. Structural system according to claim 1), characterized in that there are two hinges at the base between the piers and the foundation and a hinge in the middle of the roof in such a way as to create an arch with three hinges.

6. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized in that there are two hinges at the base between the piers and the foundation in such a way as to create an arch with two hinges.

7. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized by the fact that there are two or three hinges between piers, roofing and / or foundation in such a way as to create an arch with several hinges, which can be definitive and / or provisional.

8. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized in that there are two pins between the piers and the foundation in such a way as to make a connection resistant to shear; similar shear connections can also be provided between the upright and the cover.

Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized in that there are three piers and two covering elements: two-pipe structure.

Structural system according to claim 1) or 2) and claim 9), characterized in that a plurality of piers and covering elements are present: multi-barrel structures.

11. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2) and claim 7), characterized by the fact that the cover is made of two parts each connected to the cellular upright and organized to receive a central covering element also organized with suitable Provisional or definitive “saddles gherber” designed to obtain a greater clear span between the abutment and the abutment.

12. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized in that the lateral cells of the piers and / or of the cover can remain empty or can be filled with concrete or mortar cast in situ to form a cutting key suitable for stiffening the set of several rings or it can be further inserted with ordinary steel armor: armed cutting keys.

13. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized by the fact that the lateral cells of the piers and / or of the roof can be filled with concrete cast on site and / or sheaths, water-stops, devices to improve the hydraulic seal.

14. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized by the fact that integrative structural reinforcements can be inserted in the lateral cells of the piers and / or roof which collaborate with the prefabricated ring to absorb the main and secondary stresses.

15. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized by the fact that it is suitably sized for restoring it to fire according to the parameters dictated by the national and European standards.

16. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2) and rev. 15), characterized by the fact that the fire resistance (REI parameters) is further improved by inserting suitable gaskets and / or profiles and / or or, if necessary, casting with concrete or other suitable material to fill the whole or part of the side cell.

Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized in that the variants according to claims 12) 13) 14) 15) and 16) can also be organized for the central cells.

18. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized by the fact that the cellular upright provides for an elevation at the union with the cellular covering element to facilitate the formwork, the reinforcement and the casting of the structural node itself.

19. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized by the fact that the cellular piers, in the juxtaposition of the various rings, provide for the reduction of the lateral cell to the minimum in order to create a cutting key by filling it with concrete or other mixture , without the use of additional formwork.

20. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized by the fact that the cellular piers and / or the covering element provide that the subsequent rings are joined with a reinforced concrete joint.

21. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized by the fact that the cellular upright and / or the covering element provide that the subsequent rings are joined with epoxy resin or equivalent coated inside suitable conjugated joints.

22. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized by the fact that the cellular piers are at unequal height (H) to accommodate the structure to the morphology of the surrounding land.

23. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized in that the cellular piers of one side of the work or both, have openings and / or windows and / or pillars.

24. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized in that the cellular piers can be vertical and sub-vertical in the case of large internal spans.

25. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2) and from claim previous, characterized by the fact that the cellular pier is suitable to function as a wall in contact with the ground and / or as an entrance element of the artificial tunnel: flute beak.

26. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized by the fact that the prefabricated concrete element on the roof is made of ordinary reinforced concrete.

27. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized by the fact that the prefabricated concrete element on the roof is in prestressed reinforced concrete.

28. Structural system according to claim 1) or 2), characterized by the fact that the prefabricated concrete element on the roof has a basically T-shaped section.

29. Structural system according to claims 1) or 2), characterized by the fact that the foundations cast at the base of the cellular piers can be ribbon-like (continuous beam) or with a single slab (foundation plate) or arched (inverted arch) .