JP2000201893A - Kinetic vision tester - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately test kinetic vision regardless of the reaction time of a subject, to shorten the test time and to efficiently perform a test. SOLUTION: This tester is provided with a moving means 22 for moving a test visual mark to be presented to an eye E to be tested from far to the eye E to be tested, a visual mark extinguishing means for extinguishing the moving test visual mark at an optional position, a stationary vision input means for inputting the stationary vision value of the eye E to be tested and a position decision means for determining the position of the visual mark to be extinguished by the visual mark extinguishing means based on the inputted stationary vision value. Then, by making the visual mark be read after extinguishing the test visual mark, the kinetic vision is tested.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dynamic visual acuity test apparatus for testing a dynamic visual acuity of an eye to be examined.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A dynamic visual acuity inspection device is known as a device for inspecting the appearance (moving visual acuity) of a moving object such as when driving a car. Conventionally, this type of apparatus moves a test target such as a Landolt ring from a distant position toward a subject's eye at a predetermined speed, and allows the subject to press a response switch or the like when the test target can be read. Moving visual acuity was measured based on the target position at the time of response. In addition, there has been proposed an apparatus in which the direction of the Landolt's ring that can be determined by a subject is automatically responded by using a joystick, thereby achieving automation.

[0003]

However, responding with a switch or a joystick as described above has a problem of the effect of the reaction time. That is, since the optotype is moving in the dynamic visual acuity test, the test optotype moves by an amount corresponding to the delay of the response reaction due to the operation of the switch or the like despite the subject being able to determine the optotype. I will.
As a result, it is perceived as a decrease in the dynamic visual acuity value, and an accurate measurement result cannot be obtained. In particular, the elderly tend to have a delay in the reaction time, and may take time to operate the switch itself.

[0004] As a countermeasure, it is conceivable to make a target moving from a distant place invisible at an arbitrary position (disappearing the target), and to respond later in the direction. Requires the same number of inspections, which significantly increases the inspection time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention makes it possible to accurately examine a moving subject's visual acuity regardless of the reaction time of a subject, and to perform an examination efficiently by shortening the examination time. It is an object of the present invention to provide an inspection device.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is characterized by having the following configuration.

(1) A moving object having moving means for moving a test target presented to the subject's eye from a distance toward the subject's eye, and testing a moving subject's visual acuity based on the position of the target when the subject can read. In a visual acuity test apparatus, a visual target disappearing means for eliminating a visual test target moved by the moving means at an arbitrary position, a static visual acuity input means for inputting a static visual acuity value of the subject's eye, and And a position determining means for determining a target position to be eliminated by the target disappearing means on the basis of the visual target.

(2) In the dynamic visual acuity testing apparatus of (1), the position determining means determines a position corresponding to a visual acuity value lower by a predetermined visual acuity value step than the input still visual acuity value, as a visual target disappearance position. It is characterized by the following.

(3) In the dynamic visual acuity inspection apparatus of (1), the position determining means determines the target disappearance position based on statistical data of static visual acuity values and dynamic visual acuity values of a large number of subjects. Features.

(4) The dynamic visual acuity testing apparatus according to (1), further comprising an age input means for inputting the age of the subject, wherein the position determining means is adapted to detect the target based on the age inputted by the age input means. It is characterized in that the vanishing position is variably determined.

(5) The dynamic visual acuity testing apparatus according to (1), further comprising presentation position setting means for determining the presentation start position of the test optotype moved by the moving means based on the input still visual acuity value. And

(6) In the dynamic visual acuity testing apparatus of (1), a response input means for inputting a response as a result of interpretation by the subject, and a dynamic visual acuity of the eye to be examined by judging correctness of a response to the presented target. A visual acuity value determining means for determining whether the value is acceptable,
It is characterized by having.

(7) A moving object having moving means for moving the test target presented to the subject's eye from a distance toward the subject's eye, and testing the dynamic visual acuity based on the position of the target when the subject can read. In the visual acuity test apparatus, a relationship between a target disappearing unit that causes an inspection target moved by the moving unit to disappear at an arbitrary position, and a presentation position at which a target is started to be presented to the subject's eye is determined by the disappearing position of the target disappearing unit. And a presentation position setting means for setting based on the target object, wherein the visual target is inspected by causing the visual target to be read after the visual target has disappeared.

(8) In the dynamic visual acuity inspection apparatus of (7), the presenting position setting means determines the position corresponding to a visual acuity value higher by a predetermined visual acuity value step than the visual acuity value at the visual target disappearance position. It is characterized by the presentation start position.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an external view of a visual acuity test apparatus, and a description will be given by taking an example of a device capable of a dynamic visual acuity test and a static visual acuity test.

Reference numeral 1 denotes an apparatus main body, and reference numeral 2 denotes an inspection window for a subject to look into the apparatus and observe an inspection target presented in a housing by an optical system described later. An operation panel 3 having various switches for the examiner to operate is arranged on a side surface of the apparatus main body 1.

An operation section operated by a subject is provided integrally with the housing of the apparatus main body 1 on the front side of the lower portion of the apparatus main body 1. Reference numeral 5 denotes a joystick 5 for allowing the subject to input a direction of a break of the Landolt ring target presented.
This is used in the automatic examination mode in which the subject performs the examination by himself. Reference numeral 4 denotes a response button for inputting a response when the presentation target cannot be determined in the automatic examination mode. Reference numeral 6 denotes a start button used when the subject starts the test in the automatic test mode, and reference numeral 7 denotes a volume knob for adjusting the volume of the voice guide. The voice of the voice guide is provided by a speaker 9 disposed inside the apparatus main body 1.
Caused by

Reference numeral 8 denotes a printer for printing out the inspection result. Reference numeral 10 denotes an opening / closing door, in which a speed changeover switch for changing an apparent speed of an optotype moving at the time of dynamic visual acuity inspection is incorporated, and every 10 km / h between 20 and 60 km / h. It can be changed to. It is usually set at 30 km / h.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an optical system and a main part of a control system of the apparatus. Reference numeral 10 denotes an illumination light source for illuminating a target provided on the target plate 11. On the optotype plate 11, four types of Landolt ring optotypes (having cuts at the top, bottom, left and right) are arranged on concentric circles, and the optotypes to be presented by the rotation of the rotating device 21 are individually selected.

When the illumination light source 10 is turned on, the target on the target plate 11 is illuminated. The target light flux from the target plate 11 is reflected by the prism 12 and passes through the lens group 13 and then reflected by the mirror 14. To the lens group 15. Lens group 13,
Reference numeral 15 denotes an afocal system, and the distance between the lens groups 13 is the sum of the focal length of the lens group 13 and the focal length of the lens group 15.

The light beam that has passed through the lens group 15 is
6 is incident. The prism 16 divides the incident light beam into right and left, and reflects the optotype light beam by mirrors 17R and 17L (rearward in the drawing, not shown in the drawing) to the left and right eyes of the subject. Make it incident.

Further, the prism 12 is moved by the moving device 22 so that the distance between the subject's eye and the target can be optically changed from 48 m to 3 m. Optotype 1
1 is designed such that the visual acuity value is 1.6 when the distance between the subject's eye and the visual target is 48 m, 1.0 when the distance is 30 m, and 0.1 when the distance is 3 m. Have been.

Reference numeral 18 denotes a protective glass disposed on the inspection window 2, and one is provided on each of the right and left sides according to the mirrors 17R and 17L. Further, when performing the one-eye inspection, a shutter (not shown) is inserted into the optical path before the protective glass 18.

Reference numeral 20 denotes a control unit of the apparatus, to which a panel unit 3, a response button 4, and a joystick 5 are connected. The control unit 20 stores an inspection program of an inspection mode to be described later, and turns on and off the illumination light source 10 according to a signal input to each switch by selecting the inspection mode.
The operation of the rotating device 21, the moving device 22, and the voice guide generating unit 23 is controlled. The control unit 20 is connected to a memory 24 for storing measurement results and the like, and the printer 8.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a switch configuration of the operation panel 3. Reference numeral 30 denotes an inspection mode selection switch. The examination mode includes an automatic examination mode in which the subject himself / herself can perform an examination by performing a switch operation in accordance with a voice guide, a manual examination mode in which the examiner conducts an examination by operating each switch, and instructions for examination procedures. Conditions are set by the apparatus, and there are three types of semi-automatic examination modes in which the examination is advanced by the examiner inputting only the response of the examinee. Semi-automatic inspection mode
This is effective when the examinee is an elderly person and it is difficult to operate the joystick according to the voice guide, and the examiner is unfamiliar with the examination.

Reference numeral 31 denotes a switch for selecting an eye to be examined (left, right, both eyes). Reference numeral 32 denotes a switch for selecting and starting a static visual acuity test in the manual test mode. A visual acuity value is selected by a switch 33a, and the visual acuity value is displayed on a display 33b. Reference numeral 35 denotes an optotype switch section, which is provided with four switches for inputting the direction of a cut of the Landolt ring optotype in four directions, up, down, left and right. Further, the type of the presented target can be known by turning on a lamp 35a provided corresponding to the four switches. Reference numeral 36 denotes a switch for the examiner to input a message indicating that reading is impossible. Reference numeral 34 denotes a switch for selecting and starting a dynamic visual acuity test in the manual test mode. A dynamic visual acuity value (a visual acuity value at a target disappearance position described later) can be set by a switch 37a, and the visual acuity value is displayed on a display 37b. . Reference numeral 38 denotes a print switch.

The operation of the apparatus having the above configuration will be described for each inspection mode.

<Automatic examination mode> An eye to be examined is selected by the switch 31. Here, it is assumed that the binocular examination has been selected. After that, the automatic inspection mode is set by the switch 30. In this mode, it is programmed so that a static visual acuity test and a dynamic visual acuity test are sequentially performed.

When the automatic inspection mode is selected, the control unit 2
0 denotes a prism 12 so as to present a target having a visual acuity value of 0.1.
To move. The subject places his or her eyes on the examination window 2 and presses the start button 6 to start the examination. The control unit 20 drives the voice guide generation unit 23 to instruct the subject to perform an inspection procedure by voice from the speaker 9. The device instructs the joystick 5 to be depressed when the visual guide shows a target having a visual acuity value of 0.1 in order to confirm whether the subject is ready for the test. When the subject defeats the joystick 5,
First, a still vision test program is executed.

The control unit 20 moves the prism 12 so that the visual acuity value of the visual target becomes 0.5, and instructs the joystick 5 to be tilted in the direction by the voice guide when the visual target direction can be determined. When the target direction cannot be determined, an instruction is given to press the response button 4.

The subject responds with the joystick 5 or the response button 4 for discrimination of the target. If the direction in which the joystick 5 is tilted is correct, the control unit 20 raises the optotype visual acuity value by one level (acuity value 0.6). In addition, if it cannot be determined or if it is incorrect, the visual acuity value of the target is reduced by one level (a visual acuity value of 0.4). Further, when it becomes impossible to make a distinction by raising the visual target by one step, the visual acuity value of the visual target is returned to the visible stage, and the test is continued by changing the visual target direction. If there is a correct answer twice or more with the same visual acuity target, the control unit 20 assumes that the visual acuity is present. The static visual acuity value obtained in this test is stored in the memory 24 (the static visual acuity value is input).

When the static visual acuity test is completed, the process proceeds to a dynamic visual acuity test. The control unit 20 moves the prism 12 so as to move the optotype from a distance toward the subject's eye, and turns off the illumination light source 10 at a certain position to make the optotype invisible (hereinafter, referred to as disappearance). After the optotype disappears, the subject responds with the interpretation result using the joystick 5 or the like. At this time, the first visual target presentation uses a visual target at a position corresponding to a visual acuity value that is lower by a predetermined visual acuity value step (large visual target size) than the visual acuity value obtained by the previously obtained still visual acuity test. And the disappearance position. Normally, the dynamic visual acuity is a value lower than the static visual acuity, so that the visual acuity value of the initially presented optotype is determined in accordance with the degree of the decrease from the static visual acuity value, thereby being close to the dynamic visual acuity of the individual subject. The examination can be started from the visual acuity value to shorten the examination time. In general, the dynamic visual acuity of a subject is about two steps lower than the static visual acuity. Therefore, in this embodiment, the optotype disappears at the position of the visual acuity value two steps lower than the static visual acuity value. Is set to start the inspection.

When the control unit 20 moves the target from a distance toward the subject's eye, the control unit 20 increases the visual acuity value at the target position to be eliminated by a predetermined visual acuity value step (distant).
Start moving the optotype from the position. In the present embodiment, the movement of the optotype is set to start from a position higher by four steps (for example, when the visual acuity value of the vanishing position is 0.5, the movement of the optotype from the position of the visual acuity value of 0.9 is set). Started). That is, the time of one optotype presentation is performed by the amount corresponding to the movement time for four steps in visual acuity value. The position of the maximum distance of the optotype presenting (the position where the optotype size is the minimum) is a position where the visual acuity value is 1.6, but if the optotype is always moved from this distant position, it takes time to move. , Inspection time becomes longer. On the other hand, if the movement start position of the optotype is set from the relationship with the position where the optotype disappears as described above, the moving time can be shortened by that amount, and the examination time can be shortened.

The control unit 20 performs the first optotype presentation (initial optotype presentation) to eliminate the optotype, and then moves the joystick 5 in the direction of the optotype which can be read by the voice guide.
Instruct the subject to defeat. When the subject is able to read, the subject depresses the joystick 5 in that direction and inputs a response.
If the message cannot be read, the response button 4 is used to input a message indicating that the message cannot be read. Note that the control unit 20 measures the time since the optotype disappeared, and a predetermined time (4 seconds) from the disappearance of the optotype.
If there is no response input during the period, it is determined that it cannot be read (is an incorrect answer).

If the subject's response to the initial optotype presentation is correct, the control unit 20 sets the disappearance position of the next optotype to be presented to one.
The stage is raised (the optotype disappears at a position where the optotype size decreases by one stage), and the movement of the presented optotype also starts from a position four steps away from the disappearance position. Thereafter, the position at which the presented optotype disappears and the start position of the optotype presentation are sequentially increased until there is an incorrect answer. Conversely, if the subject's response to the initial optotype presentation is incorrect, the control unit 20 sets the disappearance position of the next optotype to be presented to one.
The stage is lowered (the optotype disappears at a position where the optotype size increases by one stage), and the movement of the presented optotype also starts four steps farther from the disappearance position. Thereafter, the position at which the presented optotype disappears and the start position of the optotype presentation are sequentially lowered until there is a correct answer.

It should be noted that the disappearance position of the target to be changed from the initial presentation may be changed in two or more steps.
The range of the required visual acuity value can be efficiently narrowed.

In this way, the dynamic visual acuity test also sequentially changes the disappearance position of the visual target for each visual acuity value, and if there are two correct answers for the visual target of the same visual acuity value, it is determined that the visual acuity value has the dynamic visual acuity. If there are two incorrect answers for a target having the same visual acuity value, it is determined that the dynamic visual acuity is less than the visual acuity value.
In the method in which the target is read after the target disappears in this manner, an accurate test result can be obtained because the determination of the moving object visual acuity value is not affected by the delay in the response time of the subject. In addition, since the subject only needs to operate the joystick 5 or the like with a margin after the disappearance of the target, the burden on the subject is reduced.

FIG. 4 shows a process of determining a dynamic visual acuity value 0.9 of a subject whose static visual acuity is 1.0, for example, in accordance with such a dynamic visual acuity test procedure. (It is assumed that there is no wrong answer to the target of the final moving visual acuity). In this example, the test starts with the presentation of an initial optotype at a visual acuity value of 0.8, which is two steps lower than the static visual acuity value, and ends with a total of five test times. On the contrary,
Assuming that the test is always performed from the initial presentation of a visual acuity value of 0.5 as in the case of the above-described still visual acuity test, a total of eight test times are required.

When the dynamic visual acuity value is obtained as described above, the end of the examination is notified by a voice guide, and the examination data is automatically printed out from the printer 8.

<Manual inspection mode> The manual inspection mode is set by the switch 30. Thereafter, when the switch 32 is pressed, the static visual acuity test can be started, and at first, an optotype having a visual acuity of 0.5 is automatically presented. The examiner proceeds with the examination while asking the examinee whether the direction of the cut of the optotype can be determined, changes the visual acuity value with the switch 33, and switches the direction of the optotype with the four optotype switches of the optotype switch section 35. Perform an inspection. If two or more correct answers are obtained with the same visual acuity value, it is determined that the visual acuity exists.

To proceed to the dynamic visual acuity test, the switch 34 is pressed. At this time, the last value displayed on the display 33a is input as a still visual acuity value,
4 is stored. When the switch 34 is pressed, the control unit 2
0 indicates that the visual target disappears at the position of the visual acuity value two steps lower than the still visual acuity value stored in the memory 24, and that the distance corresponding to the visual acuity value four levels higher than the visual acuity value at the disappearance position. The target is moved from the distance. The examinee asked the subject to respond verbally after the disappearance of the presented target, and the examiner switched the vanishing visual acuity value of the next presented target according to the correctness of the response.
7a, the direction of the target is set by the target switch unit 35. Thereafter, when the switch 34 is pressed, the control unit 2
0 starts the movement of the target. Also at this time, the movement of the optotype starts from a distant distance by four steps of visual acuity value with respect to the set disappearance position. By repeating such a procedure and obtaining two or more correct answers with the same visual acuity value, it is determined that the visual acuity exists. When the print switch 38 is pressed, the value finally displayed on the display 37b is determined as the moving object visual acuity value, and is output as an inspection result.

<Semi-automatic inspection mode> The semi-automatic inspection mode is set by the switch 30. In this mode, when the subject responds according to the voice guide, the static visual acuity test and the dynamic visual acuity test are automatically performed in the same procedure as in the automatic test mode. Regardless of 5, the examiner obtains a verbal response from the examinee and inputs the response. This input is a target selection switch unit 3
5. The operation is performed by the switch 36. The control unit 20 determines whether the response is correct based on the input signal of the switch, and automatically determines the visual acuity value.

In the dynamic visual acuity test described above, the disappearance position of the initially presented optotype is set to a position lower by a fixed visual acuity value than the static visual acuity value. Since the tendency of the decrease of the visual acuity becomes stronger, the target disappearance position of the initial presentation with respect to the static visual acuity may be changed to the value of the dynamic visual acuity expected from the age of the subject. For example,
As shown in FIG. 5, the operation panel 3 is provided with a switch 40 for inputting the age of the subject step by step such as 59 years old or less, 60-69 years old, 70 years old or more. The change in the visual target disappearance position in the initial presentation is as follows: at 59 or younger, the visual acuity value is two steps lower than at static visual acuity; at 60 to 69 years, the visual acuity value is four steps lower; 6 steps lower. In this way, it is possible to perform the test with the initial presentation of a value closer to the moving visual acuity that decreases according to the age of the subject.

Further, the setting of the target disappearance position in the initial presentation with respect to the static visual acuity is determined based on statistical test data of the static visual acuity and the dynamic visual acuity by a large number of subjects, so that the accuracy can be improved. Can be enhanced.

In the dynamic visual acuity test of the above embodiment,
Determine the target disappearance position based on the input still visual acuity value,
Although the movement of the optotype is started from a position higher by a predetermined visual acuity value level than the optotype disappearance position, this may be performed as follows. That is, the movement start position of the target to be presented is determined based on the still visual acuity value, and a position corresponding to a visual acuity value lower by a certain step from the movement start position is set as the target disappearance position. Such a change also has the same technical idea as the present invention and is included in the present invention.

[0046]

As described above, according to the present invention,
The dynamic visual acuity can be accurately inspected irrespective of the reaction time of the subject, and the inspection time can be shortened to perform the inspection efficiently.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external view of a visual acuity inspection apparatus according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing main parts of an optical system and a control system of the apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a switch configuration of an operation panel.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a process until a dynamic visual acuity value 0.9 of a subject whose static visual acuity is 1.0 is determined.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a modification in which a switch for inputting the age of a subject is provided.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 inspection window 3 operation panel 5 joystick 10 illumination light source 11 optotype plate 12 prism 20 control unit 21 rotating device 22 moving device 24 memory

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A moving visual acuity having moving means for moving an examination target presented to an eye to be examined from a distance toward the eye to be inspected, and inspecting a moving object visual acuity based on the position of the target when the subject can read. In the examination apparatus, a target disappearance unit that eliminates the test target moved by the moving unit at an arbitrary position, a static visual acuity input unit that inputs a static visual acuity value of the eye to be inspected, and a test method based on the input static visual acuity value. And a position determining means for determining a target position to be eliminated by the target disappearing means. The dynamic visual acuity test is characterized by inspecting the dynamic visual acuity by reading the test target after the inspection target has disappeared. apparatus. 2. The dynamic visual acuity inspection apparatus according to claim 1,
The moving body visual acuity test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the position determining means sets a position corresponding to a visual acuity value lower by a predetermined visual acuity value step than the input still visual acuity value as a visual target disappearance position. 3. The dynamic visual acuity inspection apparatus according to claim 1,
The dynamic visual acuity test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the position determining means determines the target disappearance position based on statistical data of a static visual acuity value and a dynamic visual acuity value of a large number of subjects. 4. The dynamic visual acuity inspection apparatus according to claim 1,
A moving body visual acuity testing apparatus, characterized by having age input means for inputting the age of the subject, wherein the position determining means variably sets the target disappearance position based on the age input by the age input means. . 5. The dynamic visual acuity inspection apparatus according to claim 1,
A moving visual acuity test apparatus further comprising a presentation position setting means for determining a presentation start position of the test target moved by the moving means based on the input still visual acuity value. 6. The dynamic visual acuity inspection apparatus according to claim 1,
Further, a response input unit for inputting a response of a result read by the subject, and a visual acuity value determining unit for determining whether the response to the presented target is correct or not to determine whether or not the dynamic visual acuity value of the subject's eye is acceptable. Characteristic visual acuity testing device. 7. A moving object visual acuity having moving means for moving an examination target presented to the subject's eye from a distance toward the subject's eye, and examining the subject's visual acuity based on the position of the target when the subject can read. In the inspection apparatus, a target disappearing unit that causes an inspection target moved by the moving unit to disappear at an arbitrary position, and a presentation position at which a target is started to be presented to the subject's eye is determined based on a relationship between the present position and a disappearing position by the target disappearing unit. A moving body visual acuity testing apparatus comprising: a presentation position setting unit configured to set a moving object visual acuity based on a target object and then reading the test target after the test target disappears. 8. The dynamic visual acuity inspection apparatus according to claim 7,
A moving object visual acuity inspection apparatus, wherein the presentation position setting means sets a position corresponding to a visual acuity value higher by a predetermined visual acuity value step than the visual acuity value of the visual target disappearance position as a visual target presentation start position.