JP2000247884A - アラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患治療剤 - Google Patents
アラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患治療剤Info
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- JP2000247884A JP2000247884A JP11052523A JP5252399A JP2000247884A JP 2000247884 A JP2000247884 A JP 2000247884A JP 11052523 A JP11052523 A JP 11052523A JP 5252399 A JP5252399 A JP 5252399A JP 2000247884 A JP2000247884 A JP 2000247884A
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- arachidonic acid
- skin disease
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Abstract
予防・治療に有用な、副作用の少ない新規な薬剤を提供
する。 【解決手段】 イミキモドまたはその酸付加塩または溶
媒和物を有効成分として含有するアラキドン酸誘発皮膚
疾患治療剤。本発明のアラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患治療剤
は、アラキドン酸誘発皮膚炎症反応に対する抑制効果を
有することから、アラキドン酸代謝産物の産生の異常亢
進に起因する各種疾患、例えば乾癬、紫外線皮膚炎、肥
満細胞症、基底細胞癌または有刺細胞癌等のアラキドン
酸誘発皮膚疾患を、良好に、かつ少ない副作用で治療ま
たは予防することのできる、新規な皮膚疾患治療剤とし
て有用である。
Description
[4,5−C]キノリン−4−アミン構造を有する化合物
R837[イミキモド(Imiquimod)]を有効成分とするア
ラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患治療剤に関する。さらに詳しく
は、上記化合物がアラキドン酸代謝産物の産生亢進に起
因する疾患、すなわち乾癬、紫外線皮膚炎、肥満細胞
症、基底細胞癌または有刺細胞癌等のアラキドン酸誘発
皮膚疾患を、良好に、かつ少ない副作用で治療または予
防することのできる、新規な皮膚疾患治療剤に関する。
キドン酸代謝産物の関与が考えられている。アラキドン
酸代謝産物とは、以下に説明するアラキドン酸代謝経路
により産生される因子を意味する。アラキドン酸代謝経
路とは、通常細胞膜のリン脂質に蓄えられているアラキ
ドン酸が炎症反応による種々の刺激により細胞質中に遊
離される事から始まる。アラキドン酸代謝には2つの大
きな系があり、シクロオキシゲナーゼ酵素により産生さ
れるプロスタグランジン類(PG)とリポキシゲナーゼ酵
素により産生されるロイコトリエン類(LT)とヒドロキ
シエイコサテトラエン酸(12−HETE)に分けられ
る。これらの代謝産物は炎症反応を惹起するメディエー
ターである。PGの血管拡張作用とロイコトリエンC、
DおよびE(LTC、LTD、LTE)の血管透過性亢進
により皮膚の発赤・浮腫反応が惹起される。また、ロイ
コトリエン5,12−ジヒドロキシ体(LTB4)により多
核白血球遊走が増強され乾癬等に特徴的な角層下、角層
内膿ほうが形成される。以上の説明からアラキドン酸代
謝産物とは、アラキドン酸、プロスタグランジン類(P
G)、LTB4、LTC、LTD、LTE等のロイコトリ
エン類(LT)、12−HETEを意味する。
皮内への多形核白血球の侵入を示す慢性疾患である。乾
癬皮疹部ではPG、アラキドン酸、12−HETEの増
加が示されている(Hammerstrom, S. et al. Proc. Nat.
Acad. Sci. USA. 72, 5130-5134 (1975))。また、LT
B4をヒト皮膚に貼布すると、乾癬皮疹部にみられる表
皮内の微小膿瘍が形成される(Camp, S. et al. J. Inve
st. Dermatol. 82, 202-204 (1984))。以上の事から、
乾癬がアラキドン酸代謝産物異常と関連すると考えられ
ている。肥満細胞症は、皮膚で増殖した肥満細胞からヒ
スタミンなどが放出され皮膚の潮紅と蕁麻疹を呈する症
状である。これらの症状は主としてヒスタミンによると
考えられているため抗ヒスタミン薬が使用されるが、そ
れのみでは症状が改善されない症例にPG合成阻害剤を
投与すると著明な改善が見られる場合がある(Main, R.
A. et al. Br. J. Dermatol. 107(Suppl. 22), 53 (198
2))。また肥満細胞症にPGD2が過剰に産生されている
事が知られており(Roberts, L. J. et al. N. Engl. J.
Med. 303, 1400-1404 (1980))、上述の症状の発現にア
ラキドン酸代謝物であるPGの関与も考えられている。
皮膚癌のうち基底細胞癌あるいは有刺細胞癌でPGが増
加しており、その腫瘍の増殖にPGが関与する事が示唆
されている(Vanderveen, E. E. et al. Arch.Dermatol.
122, 407-412 (1986))。以上のように、これら皮膚疾
患にはアラキドン酸代謝異常が関与している事が考えら
れ、アラキドン酸によって引き起こされる皮膚炎症を抑
制する薬剤は、これら皮膚疾患の有効な治療薬となると
考えられる。
乾癬は頑固な皮膚疾患として知られている。また、乾癬
は一時的な治療に反応しやすいものの、決定的かつ理想
的治療剤はいまだ存在せず、効果の確かな薬剤には副作
用もある。このような状況下、治療は長期にわたること
になるため、種々の治療をうまく組み合わせ、最小の副
作用で最大の効果を得る事が乾癬治療の原則といえる。
その意味で、近年登場したエトレチナート(ビタミンA
誘導体)、活性型ビタミンD3、シクロスポリンなどの
乾癬治療剤は、従来の治療と異なる作用機序を有し、皮
膚科専門医の乾癬治療に対する選択幅を大きく広げた画
期的薬剤といえる。しかしながら、エトレチナートには
ビタミンAの様々な副作用があるため薬効発現の必要十
分量の投与を制限される。また活性型ビタミンD3は、
その効果が必ずしも十分でなく、シクロスポリンには腎
毒性、血圧上昇作用が有るため使用に際しては様々な注
意を必要とする薬剤である。以上の事から、現在におい
ても、乾癬治療に対して、良好かつ少ない副作用で治療
または予防することのできる薬剤の登場が望まれている
(皮膚疾患最新の治療 '97−'98、p4−7、106
−107)。
−イミダゾ[4,5−C]キノリン−4−アミン構造を有
する化合物R837(イミキモド)を有効成分として含
み、アラキドン酸によって誘発される皮膚疾患、即ち、
PG等の産生亢進に起因する皮膚疾患を治療または予防
することができる、新規な皮膚疾患治療剤を提供するこ
とを目的とする。
ン酸代謝産物の産生抑制に関与する薬剤の検討を鋭意検
討した結果、1H−イミダゾ[4,5−C]キノリン−4
−アミン構造を有する化合物、特に、イミキモドに顕著
な抑制効果のあることを見出し、本発明を完成すること
が出来た。なお、従来から知られているイミキモドの薬
理効果に関しては、次のことが報告されている。
rus)感染系において、該イミキモドが抗ウイルス作用を
示すことが報告されている(Harrison, C. J. et al. An
timicrob. Agents Chemother. 38, 2059-2064 (199
4))。さらに、モルモットのサイトメガロウィルス(cyto
megalovirus)感染系(Chen, M. et al. Antimicrob. Age
nts Chemother. 32, 678-683 (1988))およびマウスのア
ルボウィルス(arbovirus)感染系(Adv. Biosci. (1988)
68: 51-63)においても抗ウイルス活性を示すことが示さ
れている。そして、このようなイミキモドの示す抗ウイ
ルス作用は、ウイルスに対する直接的作用ではなく、イ
ンターフェロンα(IFN−α)の誘導を介したものであ
ることが報告されている(Antiviral Res. (1988) 10: 2
09-224)。事実、該イミキモドはマウスの実験におい
て、in vitroあるいはinvivoでIFN−αを誘導するこ
とが報告されている(Reiter, M. J. et al. J.Leukoc.
Biol. 55, 234-240 (1994))。
示すことが報告されている(Sidky, YA. et al. Cancer
Res. 52, 3528-3533 (1992))。そして、該イミキモドは
マウスの実験系において、in vitroあるいはin vivoで
インターロイキン類(IL−1、IL−6、IL−8)や
腫瘍壊死因子α(TNF−α)の産生を誘導することも記
載されており(Reiter, M. J. et al. J. Leukoc. Biol.
55, 234-240 (1994))、特にTNF−αの産生を誘導す
ることから、抗腫瘍作用の一部がこの誘導されたTNF
−αに起因する可能性が示唆されている。
および抗腫瘍作用を有すること、およびそのメカニズム
としてIFN−αあるいはTNF−α等を誘導すること
が報告されているが、該イミキモドがアラキドン酸によ
って誘発される皮膚疾患、即ち、PG等の産生亢進に起
因する皮膚疾患を治療または予防することができること
については、これら文献は何ら教示していない。
至ったのもである。すなわち本発明の要旨は、 (1)R837(イミキモド)を有効成分とするアラキドン
酸誘発皮膚疾患治療剤 (2)アラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患が乾癬である、上記(1)
記載の皮膚疾患治療剤 (3)アラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患が紫外線皮膚炎である、
上記(1)記載の皮膚疾患治療剤 (4)アラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患が肥満細胞症である、上
記(1)記載の皮膚疾患治療剤 (5)アラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患が基底細胞癌である、上
記(1)記載の皮膚疾患治療剤 (6)アラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患が有刺細胞癌である、上
記(1)記載の皮膚疾患治療剤 に関する。
発皮膚疾患治療剤」とは、アラキドン酸によって誘発さ
れる皮膚疾患、即ち、アラキドン酸代謝産物の産生亢進
に起因する皮膚疾患の治療剤を意味する。本発明の治療
剤は、有効成分としてイミキモドあるいはその酸付加塩
を含むものである。
としては、公知の方法に準じて容易に合成することがで
きる。例えば、特公平5−86391に記載の方法に準
じて合成することができる。該イミキモドの酸付加塩の
酸としては、薬理学的に許容される酸であればよく、例
えば塩酸、硫酸、酢酸、蓚酸、アスコルビン酸などの無
機酸や有機酸を挙げることができる。
は、イミキモドやその酸付加塩、水和物等の溶媒和物で
あってもよく、通常許容される賦形剤、結合剤、安定化
剤などを該イミキモドと共に配合することにより製造す
ることができる。また、注射剤形で用いる場合は、通常
許容される緩衝剤、溶解補助剤、等張剤等を添加するこ
ともできる。
いずれも使用可能である。経口投与の場合は吸入剤また
はカプセル剤、錠剤、顆粒剤などの剤形で投与すること
ができ、非経口投与の場合は水溶性懸濁液による皮下あ
るいは静脈注射剤、点滴剤、あるいは軟膏などの剤形で
用いることができる。
分な量を使用することが可能であるが、一般に、患者の
症状、年齢、体重等により異なるが、経口投与の場合、
大人では1日当たり約1〜約1000mgの範囲、好ま
しくは約10〜約500mgの範囲を1回または数回に
分けて投与することができる。非経口投与(注射剤)の場
合、約0.1〜約500mgの範囲、好ましくは約3〜
約100mgの範囲を1回または数回に分けて投与する
ことができる。
るが、本発明はこれらの実施例によりなんら限定される
ものではない。
用 1)試験動物 BALB/cマウス(雌、6週令)を日本チャールズリバ
ー(神奈川、日本)より購入し、7週令まで予備飼育し使
用した。 2)試験薬物:R837(イミキモド)
20mg/mlの濃度に懸濁した。ジエチルエーテル麻
酔下でマウス左耳介の表裏に10μlずつR837懸濁
液を塗布した(R837投与群)。コントロール群として
アセトンだけを左耳介の表裏に10μlずつ塗布したマ
ウスを用意した。
ドン酸(CAYMAN CHEMICAL. Co.、ミシガン、アメリカ)を
R837投与群とコントロール群の左耳介の表裏に10
μlずつ塗布した。
%アラキドン酸塗布1時間後(抗原惹起したもの)にジエ
チルエーテル麻酔下でDial Thickness Gage(Mitutoyo C
o.、東京、日本)で左右両耳介の厚さを測定した。
−(抗原惹起しない右耳介の厚さ)で表現した。
t)検定で有意差検定を行った。1%以下の危険率で有意
差が認められた場合は、p<0.01の表示で表した。
その結果を表1に示す。
対する抑制効果
キドン酸誘発皮内反応に対して有意な抑制効果を示し
た。この結果は、R837が乾癬等のアラキドン酸誘発
皮膚疾患治療剤として有効である事を示す。
酸による皮膚刺激で惹起された皮膚炎症反応を阻害する
ことが初めて見い出された。この事実はR837がアラ
キドン酸代謝異常に起因する各種皮膚疾患に対する治療
薬剤として有用であることを示している。かかる治療効
果が期待できる疾患としては、乾癬、紫外線皮膚炎、肥
満細胞症および基底細胞腫、有刺細胞癌等の皮膚癌を含
む皮膚疾患などがあげられる。
Claims (10)
- 【請求項1】 イミキモドまたはその酸付加塩または溶
媒和物を有効成分とするアラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患予防
・治療剤。 - 【請求項2】 アラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患が乾癬であ
る、請求項1に記載の薬剤。 - 【請求項3】 アラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患が紫外線皮膚
炎である、請求項1に記載の薬剤。 - 【請求項4】 アラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患が肥満細胞症
である、請求項1に記載の薬剤。 - 【請求項5】 アラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患が基底細胞癌
である、請求項1に記載の薬剤。 - 【請求項6】 アラキドン酸誘発皮膚疾患が有刺細胞癌
である、請求項1に記載の薬剤。 - 【請求項7】 経口投与用剤形である請求項1〜6のい
ずれかに記載の薬剤。 - 【請求項8】 約1〜約1000mg/日の投与単位用
量のイミキモドを含有する請求項7に記載の薬剤。 - 【請求項9】 非経口投与用剤形である請求項1〜6の
いずれかに記載の薬剤。 - 【請求項10】 約0.1〜約500mg/日の投与単
位用量のイミキモドを含有する請求項9に記載の薬剤。
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