JP2000265471A - Afforestation base and creating method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily realize stable aggregation by quickly causing agglutination reaction at execution work by constituting an afforestation base of a soil dressing material, an aggregation accelerator of an iron or aluminum compound composed of gaytite, lepidocrocite and these compounds and an afforestation material. SOLUTION: As an afforestation base, besides a soil dressing material, a soil improving material and an aggregation accelerator, a mixture composed of seeds, fertilizers and fungi is supplied to a soil dressing spraying machine to be sprayed on a execution work object surface. Then, a material composed of black soil of 30 to 60 vol.%, bark compost of 20 to 50 vol.%, a soil improving material such as peat moss and palm fiber and pulp fiber of 10 to 30 vol.% is used as the soil dressing material. As the aggregation accelerator, instead of an iron or aluminum compound, a material composed of one or more kinds from clay including this compound by 10 wt.% or more, red clay, lime ash and zeolite is used by mixing 5 to 30 vol.%. Thus, water retentivity and gas permeability are improved, erosion is prevented, and a stable vegetation base can be maintained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a greening base used for greening a slope (slope) and the like, and an environment-friendly and hard-to-collapse effective for the growth of microorganisms effective for plant growth. The present invention relates to a method for creating a stable greening base.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, when a slope or flat ground requiring greening is soil that is poor in growth of plants such as soft rock or sandy land with little rock or soil, a thick layer greening base capable of growing plants is provided. A construction method has been adopted in which the plant is cultivated and plants are grown within the base to achieve greening. For example, as a typical greening base construction method, a greening base material suitable for vegetation is kneaded with water to form a slurry, which is sprayed. However, according to this method, the aggregate structure of the soil is easily broken, and the soil such as the formed slope becomes a single grain. For this reason, for example, when touching rainwater, it becomes in a close-packed state with evaporation of water and solidifies, not only decreases the viability of plants, but also cracks and peels off from the original ground, and the greening base There was a major problem of infiltration.

Various proposals have been made so far for solving the problems of the prior art. For example, as a greening base creation method using guest soil material, black soil, bark compost, fertilizer, seed, erosion inhibitor, etc. are mixed with water and sprayed, or coagulant is mixed with There is a method of spraying after causing a chemical reaction, and a method of using these together and adding continuous fibers.

[0004] Examples of such known proposals include the following. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-70634 discloses "plant growth comprising a skeletal component mainly composed of a sand-like (granular) inorganic material and coarse organic substances, and a binder component mainly composed of a fine component such as clay and a water-soluble polymer compound. A method for forming a structured plant growth base having a strong skeletal structure by connecting the skeletal component with the binder component, which is a soil for building a basement, is disclosed. JP-A-8-209705 discloses that a mud-like greening base material obtained by mixing a greening base material containing solid particles such as clay and silt and water is mixed with a mud-like greening base material having a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion. A method of forming a greening base that mixes and stirs a water-invasive erosion inhibitor, mixes an anionic polyacrylamide-based polymer flocculant, and sprays the mud-like material onto the construction surface while causing agglomeration reaction is disclosed. . Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-302668 discloses that "a slurry of a mixture of a vegetation base material and water is mixed with a flocculant as a polymer coagulant and an adhesive continuous fiber, and the coagulation reaction is performed. A vegetation base forming method of mixing the continuous fibers three-dimensionally into a mud-like base material by spraying the slope on the slope, bonding the vegetation base material and the continuous fibers, and bonding the continuous fibers to each other. ing. Also, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-103192 discloses that “a dewatered cake used for spraying a slope,
To the wood vinegar liquid and the charcoal of woody fine fiber,
By mixing fine chips made of wood waste material to secure an appropriate gap in the mixture, the fermentation speed at the time of fermentation is promoted, and as a spraying material for slope greening, particle size adjustment, air permeability and A slope revegetation method characterized by improving the revegetation efficiency of plants by securing water retention "is disclosed.

[0005]

Each of the above-mentioned conventional greening bases and methods for forming the same, which are used for slope greening, have the following problems. The conventional general greening foundation creation method is a method of creating a mixture of black soil, bark compost, seeds, fertilizer and an erosion inhibitor by adding water, etc., and spraying the mixture on a steep slope with a soil spraying machine. Due to construction requirements, water is used to increase the viscosity and reduce the viscosity. However, in such a construction method, the soil is easy to flow out due to low viscosity, and it is difficult to spray the soil more than 3 cm thick on a slope. Therefore, when creating a greening base with a thickness of 3 cm or more, the sprayed greening base material was dried and then sprayed on top of it. there were. In addition, when a greening base is constructed on a steep slope of 1: 0.8 or more, it is necessary to create a greening base with a thickness of 5 cm or more. It was a problem.

As a method for solving the above-mentioned problem, there is a method of forming a greening base material that has been aggregated using a coagulant or the like. However, in this method, the speed of aggregation is slow, and the basic problem is solved. The fact is that it is not. In addition, this agglomeration technology makes it possible for phosphoric acid in chemical fertilizers to chemically react with the aluminum and iron components contained in clay and the like used as flocculants, turning them into insoluble substances that cannot be absorbed by plants. Has not been able to be fully exhibited.

Mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobia added to the base material,
Microorganisms such as actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria play an effective role in the growth of plants, and by using them, permanent greening is possible.However, conventional greening methods effectively use these microorganisms. It is not a construction method that uses it, but rather a greening base creation method that mainly uses chemical fertilizers. Therefore, there are problems such as persistence of greening, and pollution of water quality due to outflow of chemical fertilizer. Moreover, in the conventional construction method,
A greening base having voids effective for the growth of microorganisms could not be obtained.

[0008] In addition, as described above, the conventional greening base construction method tends to cause the outflow of the greening base material including muddy soil, so that continuous fibers are introduced to prevent the outflow of the greening base. However, since the construction is carried out by a worker carrying continuous fibers, there is a problem in workability and safety. In addition, since the effect of preventing outflow is not so great, the fact is that it is inevitable to use foundation work such as lath upholstery.

[0009] As described above, the conventional greening base and the method for constructing the same include bark compost and peat moss containing soluble organic matter that inhibits agglutination reaction.
In addition, since it is mainly composed of a substance having a relatively slow agglutination reaction such as silicic acid, it has a property of hardly aggregating (aggregating). Therefore, the dewatering property after spraying is poor, and the greening base material has low viscosity and high fluidity, so that the greening base material flows out and cannot be thickly attached to slopes or the like.

[0010] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an agglomeration reaction that occurs promptly at the time of construction, to stably and easily realize agglomeration, and further, without relying on a binder, a polymer coagulant, a long fiber, or the like. A greening base and its construction method, which can effectively prevent the runoff of soil material, and therefore contribute effectively to germination, growth or balanced growth of plants, and also to environmental protection Is to propose.

[0011]

As a result of intensive studies for realizing the above-mentioned objects, the inventors have conceived a greening base of the present invention having the following constitution. That is, the present invention provides (a) a soil material, (b) goethite, lepidocrocite, gibbsite, beidellite, nontronite, chlorite, imogolite, kaolinite, halloysite,
A greening base comprising montmorillonite, vermiculite, etc., and a granulation accelerator which is a compound of iron or aluminum having a hydroxyl group, comprising these compounds; and (c) a greening material comprising seeds, fertilizers, and various bacteria. Suggest.

In the present invention, the soil material (a) is 30 to 60 vol% black soil, 20 to 50 vol% bark compost,
Peat moss, soil conditioner like palm fiber, 10-30 vol
% Pulp fiber is preferably used,
As the agglomeration accelerator (b), instead of the above-mentioned compound of iron or aluminum having a hydroxyl group, this compound is used.
Select from clay, red clay, lateritized soil, white clay, bentonite, red soil, masa soil, coal ash, cement clay, incineration ash, clay, volcanic ash soil, red yellow soil, brown forest soil and zeolite containing 10wt% or more Any one or more of these can be used. And, as the aggregation promoting agent (b), 5 to 30 vol.
% Is preferably used. In addition, the above-mentioned greening materials
Among (c), various bacteria include mycorrhizal fungi, actinomycetes, rhizobia,
Preferably, photosynthetic bacteria are used.

The greening substrate of the present invention further comprises polyaluminum chloride, iron sulfate,
At least one kind of coagulant selected from polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, polyamine, acrylamide, etc., an erosion inhibitor such as an asphalt emulsion, a vinyl acetate resin emulsion, and an acrylic resin emulsion, cement or slaked lime Solidifying agent, pH buffering agent or fibrous material such as polystyrene, polyethylene, acrylic resin, etc., water absorption such as CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), starch, sodium alginate, etc. to form a gel to improve erosion resistance and propagate microorganisms It is preferable to add and mix substances as necessary.

Further, the present invention provides a method for adjusting the slurry by supplying the greening base material and water to a spraying machine and mixing the greening base material with the above-mentioned greening base material, and spraying the slurry on the surface to be processed. We propose a construction method of a greening base characterized by the following.

[0015]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As is apparent from the above description, the feature of the present invention is that a hydroxyl group is contained in a greening base material in order to cause agglomeration reaction in a short time and promote agglomeration. Is that an agglomeration accelerator composed of a compound of iron and aluminum is added. In the present invention, since the aggregation reaction of the soil material mainly proceeds in a short time and is dehydrated by the action of the aggregation promoting agent, the viscosity of the greening base material increases, and the outflow of the greening base material is suppressed. As a result, the aggregated greening base can be thickly attached to the construction slope.

The reason is that a compound of iron and aluminum having a hydroxyl group, which is a coagulation accelerator, forms an irreversible colloid in muddy water, and this colloid promotes an agglomeration reaction to realize stable coagulation. It is thought to be. Furthermore, the greening base formed by spraying such a compounding material forms a structure for microorganisms to rapidly grow by agglomeration, in particular, a void and a particle structure. That is, when such a greening base is constructed, the aluminum and iron components in the soil increase, so that phosphoric acid reacts with the aluminum and iron components, resulting in an insoluble substance that cannot be absorbed by plants.
By the action of microorganisms such as mycorrhizal fungi contained therein, phosphoric acid and the like that cannot be absorbed by plants can be well absorbed. In addition, this greening base is a mycorrhizal fungus that collects nutrient water in the soil and supplies it to plants, a rhizobial, an actinomycete that forms a nodule in the root and fertilizes the soil by fixing nitrogen in the atmosphere, or It was found that photosynthetic bacteria that produce amino acids and vitamins that are effective for plant growth by fixing nitrogen in the atmosphere by themselves alone were proliferated very efficiently, and drastically promoted plant growth.

In general, aggregates are formed by gathering small soil particles to form somewhat larger pseudo-particles, and by gathering some of the pseudo-particles to form larger pseudo-particles. Aggregates are formed by the pseudo particle group thus formed, and the size becomes a millimeter unit. In the case of the aggregate structure formed in this way, it becomes a breeding ground for microorganisms.For example, mucilage generated from bacteria acts as a binder that binds soil particles, and bacteria adhere to the soil particles so as to wrap the soil particles. Increases the adhesion and maintains stable aggregates. As a result, the space between the aggregates is a pool of water, air and nutrients, which increases the water retention and nutrient retention, and improves the rooting of the plant roots. In addition, since rainwater quickly passes through the gap between the aggregates, it is possible to effectively prevent runoff and collapse of the basement.

Examples of the agglomeration accelerator which is such a compound of iron or aluminum having a hydroxyl group include goethite, lepidocrocite, gibbsite, beidellite, nontronite, chlorite, imogolite, kaolinite, halloysite, and the like. Montmorillonite, vermiculite and the like and those composed of these compounds are used. These form free iron hydroxide and free aluminum hydroxide in the soil solution and act as a compaction agent for the soil particles. Tie together to promote soil agglomeration.

The above-mentioned agglomeration accelerator is used in an amount of 5 to 30 of the greening base.
Mix vol%. The reason for such a formulation is as follows. That is, when the amount of the agglomeration accelerator is less than 5 vol%, the agglutination reaction hardly occurs.
%, The agglomeration reaction proceeds excessively, and the voids in the greening base material are rather reduced. As a result, oxygen in the soil is deficient, root rot and the like occur, and there is no space where microorganisms live, so that microorganisms cannot grow. In addition, since the aluminum and iron components in the greening base material are increased and phosphoric acid is fixed in the soil and the probability of direct absorption by the plant increases, the plant does not germinate and grow well.

In the present invention, in place of the above-mentioned agglomeration accelerator, 10% by weight or more of the agglomeration accelerator is contained. For example, clay, red soil, lateritized soil, terra alba, bentonite, red soil, masa Soil, coal ash, clay for cement, incineration ash, pottery clay, volcanic ash soil, red-yellow soil, brown forest soil, zeolite and the like may be substituted. Table 1 shows the Fe and Al compound contents in the compound substitute material.

[0021]

[Table 1]

Preferred examples of the greening base material in the present invention are as follows. (a) Soil material: 70-90 vol% Black soil (soil material): 30-60 vol% (normally 30-40 vol)
%) Bark compost, peat moss, etc .: 20-50 vol% (usually 30%)
Pulp fiber material: 10 to 30 vol% (usually 10 to 30 vol%) (b) Agglomeration promoting material: 5 to 30 vol% In addition to goethite and montmorillonite, substitutes are shown in Table 1. It indicated red soil, clay, etc. (c) planting material: about 5 to about 13 vol% microorganism-containing material: 50 to 100 l / m ³ seeds: 0.1 ～3Kg / m ³ fertilizer: 3～10Kg / m ³ CMC, starch, Sodium alginate: 1-10kg /
m ³ (d) Auxiliary materials: from about 0.4 to about 14 vol% flocculant: 2 to 10 kg / m ³ erosion inhibitor: 4 ~100 kg / m ³ pH buffering agents 1 to 10 kg / m ³ the fibrous material: 1 10kg / m ³

In the present invention, natural soil such as black soil and red soil, sands, purified water cake and the like can be used as the soil material as a base material. Further, a soil improving material can be further added to this guest soil material. For example, berk compost, peat moss, composts, and the like can be used as organic soil amendments, in addition to mineral inorganic soil amendments such as perlite, vermiculite, and bentonite. In addition,
In this case, when an organic soil improver such as bark compost, peat moss, and coconut fiber is mixed, it has a cushioning function, and microorganisms decompose the organic soil improver to generate nutrients and produce nutrients for the microorganisms and plants. This is advantageous because it is a source.

In the present invention, a coagulant, an erosion inhibitor or a fibrous substance can be added and blended as an auxiliary material in addition to the above-mentioned skeleton component. That is, as the coagulant, an inorganic coagulant such as a sulfuric acid band and aluminum chloride may be used, but a polymer coagulant is preferably used because of its high coagulation effect. Examples of the coagulant include polyacrylamide,
There is a copolymer of acrylate and acrylamide.
In addition, as the erosion inhibitor used at the time of construction, in addition to inorganic materials such as slaked lime and cement that solidify with silicic acid, aluminum, and iron components, polymer-based materials are 4 to 100 kg / kg.
When m ^{3 is} added, the erosion prevention action proceeds well, and the outflow of the greening base material can be further prevented. In addition, as secondary materials,
When a pH buffer such as lime superphosphate is added at 1 to 10 kg / m ³ ,
It suppresses a rise in pH and reduces the effect on germination and growth of plants.

Furthermore, in the present invention, polystyrene,
When a thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene or acrylic resin is dissolved in a solvent such as xylene, or when these resins are heated and melted by hot spraying, a fibrous substance is generated. In addition to such a fibrous substance, a substance having water absorption and adhesive properties, such as CMC, starch, and sodium alginate, is mixed at the tip of the nozzle at the time of spraying the greening base material, thereby creating a greening base that is difficult to flow out. it can.

Next, a method of forming a greening substrate according to the method of the present invention will be described. In the present invention, in addition to the soil material, soil improvement material, agglomeration accelerator, seeds, fertilizer, a mixture of fungi is supplied to the soil spraying machine, uniformly mixed and sprayed onto the work surface. Do. In the greening base material of the present invention, microorganisms effective for the growth of plants such as mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobia, actinomycetes and the like contribute to good plant growth and contribute to plant growth. Can be reduced to about 1/4 as compared with the above, and the action of these microorganisms enables highly permanent greening.

[0027]

EXAMPLES Example 1 White clover seeds were added to a greening base material having the composition shown in Table 2 in 2000.
The number of seeds / m ^{2 to} germinate was added, and the artificially created slope having a slope of 1: 0.7 was sprayed with a guest spraying machine, and the maximum sprayed thickness and the growth of the planted greening base material sprayed in a single spray were obtained. The table shows the results of experiments on conditions.
This experiment started in April, and the growth rate was 3 months after planting (the ratio of plants covering the ground).
It was examined by. In addition, the erosion due to rainfall was visually determined and displayed as follows. Δ: considerably eroded. ：: Almost no erosion.
：: Not eroded. As can be seen from the results, by mixing the iron and aluminum compound materials having a hydroxyl group, the spray thickness that can be applied by one spray greatly increased, and the growth condition of the plant also improved.

In this experiment, polyaluminum chloride: 4 kg / m ³ , polyacrylamide-based coagulant: 0.2 kg / m ³ , and microbial material: 100 liter / m ³ (100 mycorrhizal fungi) / Liter, containing rhizobia, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, etc.). According to the results of experiments in which the amounts of these additives were increased or decreased, the polyaluminum chloride was in the range of 2 to 8 kg / m ³ , and the polymer flocculant such as polyacrylamide was in the range of 0.1 to 1 kg / m ^3. A particularly large effect was observed with the spray thickness.

[0029]

[Table 2]

[0030]

[Table 3]

Example 2 An experiment was conducted using cement and slaked lime as substitutes for the polymeric erosion inhibitor. Table 4 shows the results. As a result, although the erosion prevention effect was quite high, it was found that the pH increased to about 10 to 11 immediately after mixing, so that the germination growth tended to be delayed. However, after several months, the pH drops and the viability is almost equal.

[0032]

[Table 4]

Example 3 When the composition of Example 1 was sprayed, the filamentous fiber produced by hot melting and spraying was mixed with the greening material at the tip of the nozzle of the spraying machine and sprayed on the slope. As a result, the outflow of the greening base material was further suppressed, the sprayed thickness was increased by about 10 to 30% from the thickness of Example 1, and the erosion property was also improved.

Example 4 When spraying the greening base material according to the composition of Example 1,
When spraying was performed by mixing 1 to 10 kg / m ³ of CMC, starch, sodium alginate, etc. at the tip of the nozzle of the spraying machine, the spraying thickness was increased by 5 to 20% from the spraying thickness of Example 1 and actinomycetes The number increased about 20-50% and the nodule number increased about 1-20%.

[0035]

As described above, according to the greening base of the present invention, a granulation accelerating agent comprising a compound of iron or aluminum having a hydroxyl group is used in addition to the soil material.
Granulation of the soil cluster is promoted, water retention and air permeability are improved, erosion can be prevented, and a stable vegetation base can be maintained over a long period of time, and germination and growth of plants can be greatly improved.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Yasushi Yajima 13-10 Sakuragaoka-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo F-term within Giken Kogyo Co., Ltd. 2B022 AA05 AB02 BA01 BA02 BA03 BA04 BA05 BA11 BA12 BA14 BA16 BA18 BA21 BA23 BA24 BB10 DA19 2D044 DA33

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) Goatite, lepidocrocite, gibbsite, beidellite, nontronite, chlorite, imogolite, kaolinite, halloysite, montmorillonite,
A greening base comprising vermiculite and the like, and an aggregation promoting agent which is a compound of iron or aluminum having a hydroxyl group, comprising these compounds; and (c) a greening material comprising seeds, fertilizers, and various bacteria. 2. The soil material (a) is 30-60 vol% black soil,
The greening base according to claim 1, wherein a mixture of 20 to 50 vol% of bark compost, peat moss, a soil conditioner such as palm fiber, and 10 to 30 vol% of pulp fiber is used. 3. A clay, red earth, lateritized soil, clay, containing 10% by weight or more of the above-mentioned iron or aluminum compound having a hydroxyl group as the agglomeration accelerator (b). Use 5 to 30 vol% of at least one selected from bentonite, red soil, masa earth, coal ash, clay for cement, incineration ash, porcelain earth, volcanic ash earth, red-yellow earth, brown forest soil and zeolite The greening base according to claim 1, wherein: 4. The greening substrate according to claim 1, wherein the various bacteria in the greening material (c) are mycorrhizal fungi, actinomycetes, rhizobia or photosynthetic bacteria. 5. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising: polyaluminum chloride, iron sulfate, polyacrylamide,
Sodium polyacrylate, polyamine, acrylamide,
Polyethylene imide, aluminum sulfate, CMC sodium salt, maleic acid copolymer, at least one coagulant selected from causticated starch, polyoxyethylene, polythiourea, etc., asphalt emulsion, vinyl acetate resin emulsion And erosion inhibitors such as acrylic resin emulsions, solidifying agents such as cement or slaked lime, pH buffering agents, or fibrous substances such as polystyrene, polyethylene, acrylic resin, CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), starch, sodium alginate, etc. A greening base characterized by adding a substance that becomes gel-like by absorbing water, improves erosion resistance and proliferates microorganisms, if necessary. 6. A slurry is adjusted by supplying and mixing the greening base material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and water to a spraying machine, and spraying the slurry onto a surface to be processed. A characteristic method of creating a greening base.