JP2000350237A - Three-dimensional display method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To provide a three-dimensional display method capable of suppressing inconsistency between physiological factors of stereoscopic vision, being electrically rewritable, and displaying moving images. I do. A three-dimensional display method for generating a three-dimensional stereoscopic image by displaying right and left parallax images of a display target object to be presented to an observer on a plurality of display surfaces having different depth positions, respectively. The brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the plurality of display surfaces is independently changed for each of the display surfaces. Further, the right and left parallax images of the display target object are displayed on the plurality of display surfaces so that the right and left parallax images of the display target object overlap when viewed from the right and left eyes of the display target object of the observer. The overall luminance to be displayed and viewed by the observer is made equal to the luminance of the display target object. Further, a right and left parallax image of the display target object is sequentially switched and displayed temporally to generate a three-dimensional moving image.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional display method and apparatus, and more particularly to a three-dimensional display method and apparatus capable of electronically reproducing moving images of a three-dimensional stereoscopic image with a reduced amount of information.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal shutter glasses system shown in FIG. 22 is well known as a conventional device which is electrically rewritable, has a small amount of information, and enables three-dimensional display of moving images.
Hereinafter, the principle of the liquid crystal shutter glasses system will be described. In this liquid crystal shutter glasses system, a camera (6
02, 603), the three-dimensional object 601 is photographed from different directions, and images (parallax images) of the three-dimensional object 601 photographed from different directions are generated. Camera (602, 603)
Are synthesized by the video signal conversion device 604 into one video signal, and the two-dimensional display device (for example,
(CRT display device) 605. Observer 607,
2D display device 605 with liquid crystal shutter glasses 606
Observe the video. Here, when the two-dimensional display device 605 is displaying an image from the camera 603, the left side of the liquid crystal shutter glasses 606 is in a non-transmissive state, and the right side is in a transmissive state.
When the two-dimensional display device 605 is displaying an image from the camera 602, the left side of the liquid crystal shutter glasses 606 is in a transmissive state, and the right side is in a non-transmissive state. When the operation is switched at a high speed, it is felt that a parallax image can be seen by both eyes due to an afterimage effect of the eyes. Therefore, stereoscopic viewing by binocular parallax becomes possible.

[0003]

However, in the liquid crystal shutter glasses system shown in FIG. 22, there is a great contradiction between binocular parallax, convergence and focus adjustment among physiological factors of stereoscopic vision. That is, in the liquid crystal shutter glasses system shown in FIG. 22, the binocular parallax and the convergence can be almost satisfied,
Since the focus surface is on the display surface, this contradiction causes a problem that eyestrain is caused. The above-mentioned problem is a problem common to conventional binocular stereoscopic display devices and conventional multi-lens stereoscopic display devices. The present invention has been made in order to solve the problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional display method and apparatus capable of suppressing inconsistency between physiological factors of stereoscopic vision. Is to provide. Another object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional display method and apparatus that can be electrically rewritten and display moving images. The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the description of the present specification and the accompanying drawings.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Among the inventions disclosed in the present application, the outline of a representative one will be briefly described.
It is as follows. That is, the present invention is a three-dimensional display method of generating a three-dimensional stereoscopic image by displaying right and left parallax images of a display target object to be presented to an observer on a plurality of display surfaces having different depth positions, respectively. The brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the plurality of display surfaces,
It is characterized in that it is independently changed for each display surface. Further, according to the present invention, when the display target object is an object displayed at a depth position close to an observer, the display target object to be displayed on a display surface close to the observer among the plurality of display surfaces. The brightness of the right and left parallax images is increased, the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the display surface far from the observer is reduced, and the display target object is
When the object is displayed at a depth position far from the observer, the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object to be displayed on the display surface closer to the observer among the plurality of display surfaces is reduced. The brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the display surface far from the user is increased. Further, the present invention, the right and left parallax images of the display target object, the right and left parallax images of the display target object are overlapped so as to overlap when viewed from the right and left eyes of the display target object of the observer. , And the overall luminance seen by the observer is equal to the luminance of the display target object. Further, the present invention is characterized in that a right and left parallax images of the display target object are sequentially switched and displayed temporally to generate a three-dimensional moving image. Further, the present invention is the case where the right and left parallax images of the display target object include a plurality of object images moving in the depth direction, and when the moving direction of the object is a direction approaching the observer, In synchronization with the switching of the right and left parallax images of the display target object, the brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface closer to the observer among the plurality of display surfaces is sequentially increased,
The brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface far from the observer is sequentially reduced, and when the moving direction of the object is a direction moving away from the observer, switching between the right and left parallax images of the display target object is performed. Synchronously, the luminance of the object image displayed on the display surface closer to the observer among the plurality of display surfaces is sequentially reduced, and the luminance of the object image displayed on the display surface far from the observer is sequentially increased. It is characterized by.

The present invention is also a three-dimensional display device, comprising: first means for generating right and left parallax images of a display object; and right and left parallax images of the display object generated by the first means. Second means for displaying the left parallax image on a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from the observer,
A third method of independently changing the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on each display surface for each display surface.
Means are provided. Also, in the invention, it is preferable that the second means is arranged at a depth position furthest from an observer among the binocular stereoscopic display device with a plurality of glasses and the binocular stereoscopic display device with a plurality of glasses. Combined with an ocular stereoscopic display device, a total reflection mirror or a partial reflection mirror that arranges an image displayed on the binocular stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of the observer, at a depth position farthest from the observer Combined with a binocular stereoscopic display device other than the arranged binocular stereoscopic display device, and a partial reflecting mirror that arranges an image displayed on each binocular stereoscopic display device as an image on the observer's line of sight, It is characterized by being configured with binocular glasses. Also, in the invention, it is preferable that the second means is arranged at a depth position furthest from an observer among the binocular stereoscopic display device with a plurality of glasses and the binocular stereoscopic display device with a plurality of glasses. A combination of a total reflection mirror and a lens, or a combination of a partial reflection mirror and a lens, which is combined with an ocular stereoscopic display device and arranges an image displayed on the binocular stereoscopic display device as an image on the observer's line of sight. Is combined with a binocular stereoscopic display device other than the binocular stereoscopic display device arranged at a depth position farthest from the observer, and an image displayed on each binocular stereoscopic display device is viewed by the observer. It is characterized by comprising a combination of a partial reflecting mirror and a lens arranged as an image on a line, and binocular glasses. Also, in the present invention, the second means may be a plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses, and a plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without spectacles, which is more than a viewer. Total reflection in which an image displayed on the binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device is combined with a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device arranged at a distant depth position as an image on the observer's line of sight A mirror or a partial reflecting mirror, combined with a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device other than a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device arranged at a depth position farthest from the observer, each binocular or The multi-view stereoscopic display device is characterized by being constituted by a partial reflecting mirror that arranges images displayed on the line of sight of an observer. Also, in the present invention, the second means may be a plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses, and a plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without spectacles, which is more than a viewer. Total reflection in which an image displayed on the binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device is combined with a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device arranged at a distant depth position as an image on the observer's line of sight A combination of a mirror and a lens, or a combination of a partially reflecting mirror and a lens, and a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic device other than a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device arranged at a depth position farthest from the observer Combined with a display device, it is characterized by comprising a combination of a partial reflector and a lens for arranging an image displayed on each binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of the observer. And Further, in the present invention, the second means is disposed at different depth positions as viewed from an observer, a plurality of scattering plates capable of switching control between a transmission state and a scattering state, or a reflection state and a transmission state. A plurality of reflectors capable of switching control, a plurality of projection binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices for projecting a parallax image onto each of the plurality of scattering plates or the plurality of reflectors, and the plurality of scattering plates Or disposed between a plurality of reflectors and the plurality of projection type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device,
A plurality of shutters that switch between a transmission state and a blocking state in synchronization with switching between the transmission state and the scattering state of the plurality of scattering plates, or switching between the reflection state and the transmission state of the plurality of reflection plates. Features. Further, the present invention is characterized in that a lens optical system is provided between the observer and a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from the observer.

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. In all the drawings for describing the embodiments, components having the same functions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and repeated description thereof will be omitted.

[Embodiment 1] In the following embodiment,
The expression "surface" on which an image is arranged is used. This expression is similar to an image surface that is frequently used in optics and the like. Various optical elements such as mirrors, partial reflecting mirrors, curved mirrors, prisms, polarizing elements, and wave plates, and, for example, CRTs, liquid crystal displays, LED displays, plasma displays, FED displays, DMD displays, projection displays, line drawing types Obviously, it can be realized by many optical combination techniques using a two-dimensional display device such as a display. In the following embodiments, a case will be described in which a presented three-dimensional object is mainly displayed as a two-dimensional image on two surfaces. However, it is apparent that a similar effect can be expected even when the three-dimensional object is displayed on two or more surfaces. is there.

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a plurality of surfaces, for example, surfaces (101, 102) (for example, surface 101 is surface 1) is provided on the front surfaces of the right and left eyes of observer 100.
02 and closer to the observer 100) to display a plurality of two-dimensional images on these surfaces, for example, a binocular stereoscopic display device or a multi-view stereoscopic display device, and various optical elements. Is used to construct the optical system 103 (the details will be described later in Embodiment 2 and below). Here, as the binocular stereoscopic display device, for example, anaglyph glasses system, polarizing glasses system, liquid crystal shutter glasses system, parallax barrier system, lenticular system, diffraction grating system, large uneven lens system, etc., As the multi-view stereoscopic display device, for example, a lenticular system, a projector multi-view system, a diffraction grating system, etc. can be used. Further, as various optical elements, for example, a lens, a total reflection mirror, a partial reflection mirror, a curved Mirrors, prisms, polarizing elements, wave plates, etc. can be used.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2, a left parallax image GL and a right parallax image GR of the three-dimensional object 104 to be presented to the observer 100 are generated. As shown in FIG. 1, the parallax image GL for the left eye is formed on a two-dimensional image (1L) on each surface (101, 102).
5, 1L6). In this case, each surface (10
1, 102) two-dimensional image (1L5, 1L6) displayed
Are overlapped when viewed from the left eye of the observer 100.
Similarly, the parallax image GR for the right eye is formed on each surface (101, 10).
2) Display as a two-dimensional image (1R5, 1R6). In this case, the two-dimensional images (1R5, 1R6) displayed on the respective surfaces (101, 102) are made to overlap when viewed from the right eye of the observer 100. The method of generating the left and right parallax images is, for example, a method using a two-dimensional image obtained by shooting the three-dimensional object 104 with a camera from the line of sight of each eye, or combining two or more two-dimensional images taken from different directions. There are various methods such as a method, a synthesis technique using computer graphics, and a method using modeling.

In the present embodiment, the two-dimensional image (1R
5,1R6,1L5,1L6) as shown in FIG.
Surfaces (101, 102) so that they completely overlap when viewed from the left eye
The faces (101, 10) are completely overlapped when viewed from the right eye.
In 2), a configuration is adopted in which the left and right eyes are separately displayed using the principle of the binocular stereoscopic display device or the multi-view stereoscopic display device. With this configuration, a left two-dimensional image (1L5, 1L6) created from the left parallax image GL is provided to the left eye of the observer 100.
Only the right eye of the observer 100 sees only the right two-dimensional image (1R5, 1R6) created from the right parallax image GR. An important point in the present embodiment is the device having the above-described configuration, and a two-dimensional image (1R5, 1R6, 1L5, 1R5).
L6) so that the overall luminance as viewed from the observer 100 is kept constant (that is, the overall luminance as viewed from the observer 100 is equal to the luminance of the three-dimensional object to be displayed). And 3) changing the depth corresponding to the parallax of the three-dimensional object 104. One example of how to change
This is described below. In addition, since both eyes are the same, FIG.
6 to 6 show only the right eye, and FIGS. 3 to 6 are black and white drawings, so that those with higher luminance are shown darker for easy understanding.

For example, when displaying a three-dimensional object at a depth position corresponding to a position on the surface 101, as shown in FIG. 3, the luminance of the two-dimensional image 1R5 of the surface 101 is changed to the luminance of the three-dimensional object. The brightness of the two-dimensional image 1R6 on the surface 102 is set to zero. Next, for example, the three-dimensional object is
Moving away from 0 slightly, the 3D object is moved from surface 101 to surface 1
When the image is displayed at a depth position slightly closer to the 02 side, as shown in FIG. 4, the brightness of the two-dimensional image 1R5 is slightly lowered, and the brightness of the two-dimensional image 1R6 is slightly increased. Further, for example, when the three-dimensional object is further away from the observer 100 and the three-dimensional object is displayed at a depth position closer to the surface 102 than the surface 101, as illustrated in FIG. The brightness of the image 1R5 is further reduced, and the two-dimensional image 1R
6 is further increased in brightness. Finally, for example, when displaying a three-dimensional object at a depth position corresponding to the surface 102, as shown in FIG. 6, the luminance of the two-dimensional image 1R6 on the surface 102 is made equal to the luminance of the three-dimensional object. , The luminance of the two-dimensional image 1R5 on the surface 101 is set to zero.

In the present embodiment, the two-dimensional images presented to the left and right eyes are left and right parallax images. Similarly to the above, the observer can perceive stereoscopically. Furthermore, by displaying the left and right parallax images as in the present embodiment, the displayed surface is separated from the surfaces (101, 102) in the depth direction by human physiological factors or psychological factors. The focus adjustment of the observer 100 is
It is located at the position of the three-dimensional object located between 01 and the surface 102. That is, for example, when a two-dimensional image with substantially equal luminance is displayed on the surfaces 101 and 102, it is felt as if there is a three-dimensional object near the middle of the depth position between the surfaces 101 and 102. Further, in the present embodiment, unlike the conventional apparatus shown in FIG. 22, there are at least two or more planes on which images are actually displayed with the illusion position interposed therebetween. It is considered that the contradiction between the convergence and the focus adjustment can be largely suppressed, and eyestrain can be suppressed.
In addition, there is an advantage that the focus adjustment completely matches the illusion position, which is greatly different from the conventional device. Further, in the present embodiment, since completely overlapped images are used for both the left eye and the right eye, there is an advantage that the resolution of the presented three-dimensional stereoscopic image can be easily increased.

Further, in the present embodiment, since a physiological or psychological factor of a person or an illusion of a person due to only a change in luminance of a two-dimensional image is used, a coherent light source such as a laser is particularly used as a light source. And there is an advantage that colorization is easy. In addition, the present embodiment does not include a mechanical driving unit, and thus has an advantage that it is suitable for weight reduction, improvement in reliability, and the like. In the present embodiment, only two planes are mainly described among the planes on which the two-dimensional image is arranged, and the case where the object presented to the observer 100 is between the two planes has been described. It goes without saying that the same configuration is possible even when the number of surfaces on which the two-dimensional image is arranged is larger than this, or the position of the object to be presented is different. In the present invention, it is obvious that each binocular stereoscopic display device or multi-view stereoscopic display device has a display speed capable of supporting a moving image, and that the moving image can be displayed in the left, right, up and down directions as viewed from the observer 100. Obviously, it is possible to change the brightness of a plurality of surfaces in the depth direction for each frame. Furthermore, if the two-dimensional images described above are displayed in one frame, they can be displayed simultaneously, displayed at different times, or displayed simultaneously for a certain time, and displayed separately at other times. However, it is apparent that the effect of the present invention is not affected by the principle of the afterimage effect.

[Embodiment 2] Hereinafter, a binocular stereoscopic display device or a multi-view stereoscopic display device in which the optical system 103 is a constituent element in the above embodiment will be described. First, in the above-described embodiment, the overall schematic configuration in the case of using the binocular stereoscopic display device without glasses or the multi-view stereoscopic display device with the optical system 103 as a component is as shown in FIG. . Next, FIG. 7 shows an overall schematic configuration in the case where a two-lens stereoscopic display device with glasses is used as a component of the optical system 103 in the embodiment. A plurality of surfaces, for example, surfaces (101, 10)
2) In order to set (for example, the surface 101 is closer to the observer 100 than the surface 102) and to display a plurality of left and right parallax images on these surfaces, for example, a binocular stereoscopic display device with glasses (for example, An optical system 103 using an anaglyph spectacle method, a polarizing spectacle method, a liquid crystal shutter spectacle method, and various optical elements (eg, a lens, a total reflection mirror, a partial reflection mirror, a curved mirror, a prism, a polarizing element, a wave plate, etc.). (Details are described below). The observer 100 wears binocular glasses (e.g., anaglyph glasses, polarizing glasses, liquid crystal shutter glasses, etc.) 110 of a system that matches the above-described binocular stereoscopic display device with glasses. With this configuration, the observer 1
In the left eye of 00, only the left two-dimensional image (1L5, 1L6) created from the left parallax image GL can be seen, and the right eye of the observer 100 can see the right two-dimensional image (1L5, 1L6) created from the right parallax image GR. 1
R5, 1R6) can be made visible.

An optical system 1 shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.
03 will be described in detail. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the optical system 103 shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. The optical system 103 illustrated in FIG. 8 includes a plurality of binocular stereoscopic display devices,
Alternatively, a multi-view stereoscopic display device (201, 202) and a total reflection mirror 203 (for example, reflectance / transmittance = 100 /
0), the partial reflecting mirror 204 (for example, reflectivity / transmittance = 5)
0/50). Here, as the binocular stereoscopic display device, for example, anaglyph glasses system, polarizing glasses system, liquid crystal shutter glasses system, parallax barrier system, lenticular system, diffraction grating system, large convex lens system, etc. As the ocular stereoscopic display device, for example, a lenticular system, a projector multi-view system, a diffraction grating system, or the like is used. In the optical system shown in FIG.
By changing each arrangement, a two-dimensional image of the binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device 201 is reflected by the total reflection mirror 203 and a surface 205 formed by transmitting through the partial reflection mirror 204, and a binocular or multi-view The plane 206 formed by reflecting the two-dimensional image of the ocular stereoscopic display device 202 on the partial reflecting mirror 204 can be arranged at different positions in the depth direction. Such an optical system has an advantage that image quality is less deteriorated because only a mirror is used.

FIG. 9 shows the optical system 1 shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.
It is a figure showing other examples of 03. Optical system 103 shown in FIG.
In the optical system shown in FIG. 8, a convex lens (207, 208) or the like is included in the optical system so that the position of the surface can be changed more flexibly. In the optical system shown in FIG. 9, a plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices (20
1, 202), a total reflection mirror 203 (for example, reflectance / transmittance = 100/0), and a partial reflection mirror 204 (for example, reflectance / transmittance = 50/50). , 208) to change the image position, the surface 20 limited by the size of the apparatus is limited.
The positional relationship between 5 and the surface 206 can be set more flexibly. Of course, the use of a lens optical system using not only a convex lens but also a combination lens may be advantageous in terms of distortion and the like, as in the ordinary lens optical system. Further, in this case, the case where a virtual image is used has been described as an example, but it is apparent that the same can be achieved when a real image is used.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of the optical system 103 shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. Optical system 1 shown in FIG.
Reference numeral 03 denotes a configuration obtained by further adding a binocular or multiview stereoscopic display device to the optical system shown in FIG. That is, a plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices (211, 212,
213, 214, 215) and, for example, a total reflection mirror 216.
(E.g., reflectance / transmittance = 100/0), partial reflecting mirror 217 (e.g., reflectance / transmittance = 50/50), 21
8 (for example, reflectance / transmittance = 33.3 / 66.7),
219 (for example, reflectivity / transmittance = 25/75), 22
0 (for example, reflectivity / transmittance = 20/80),
This is an optical system for arranging a plurality of binary images. In the optical system 103 shown in FIG. 10, the two-dimensional image of the binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device 211 is reflected by the total reflection mirror 216 and the partial reflection mirrors (217 to 220) are changed by changing the arrangement of each. A surface 221 formed through the light;
Binocular or multi-view stereo display (212 to 215)
Are respectively reflected by the partial reflecting mirrors (217 to 220) and further transmitted through the partial reflecting mirrors (222 to 2).
25) can be arranged at different positions in the depth direction. The optical system 103 shown in FIG. 10 has an advantage that image quality is less deteriorated because only a mirror is used. Although FIG. 10 illustrates the case where the number of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices is five, it is obvious that similar configurations are possible with other numbers. Also in this case, as shown in FIG. 9, it is similarly clear that the addition of the lens optical system makes it easy to control the position of the surface.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another example of the optical system 103 shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. Optical system 1 shown in FIG.
Reference numeral 03 denotes a plurality of projector type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices (231, 232, 233, 234, 23).
5) and a shutter (241, 242, 243, 244,
245) and scattering plates (236, 237, 238, 23)
9, 240) from each of the projector type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices (231 to 235) via the shutters (241 to 245).
An optical system for arranging a plurality of binary images is formed by projecting a two-dimensional image on 0). here,
The scattering plates (236 to 240) are, for example, a scattering state / transmission state, a reflection state / transmission state, such as a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element, a holographic polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element, and a combination element of a liquid crystal and a multi-lens array. The state can be controlled. Further, the shutters (241 to 245) include, for example, a twisted nematic liquid crystal element, a ferroelectric liquid crystal element,
Alternatively, the transmission state / blocking state can be controlled by a mechanical shutter element or the like. Scattering plate (236-24
0) are arranged at different depth positions, and these scattering plates (2)
36 to 240), a two-dimensional image is projected by aligning the respective focal planes of the projector type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices (231 to 235), and the scattering plate (236 to 2)
By driving the timing of the scattering state / transmission state of 40) and the timing of the transmission state / blocking state of the shutters (241 to 245) in synchronization with each other, the scattering plate (2
36 to 240) can control the depth position of the surface formed thereon. As in the optical system 103 shown in FIG. 11, a projector-type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device (231 to 231) is used.
When 235) is used, there is an advantage that the degree of freedom in the layout of the device is large. In the optical system 103 shown in FIG. 11, a case has been described in which the number of projector type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices is five, but it is clear that a similar configuration can be achieved with other numbers. . Also,
Instead of the shutters (241 to 245), the lamps of the projector type two-dimensional display devices (231 to 235) are turned ON / OFF.
Obviously, it may be turned off. In the above embodiment, mainly the case where there are surfaces near the three-dimensional display device, or inside or behind, by adding an optical device to these surfaces, separated from the two-dimensional display device, Alternatively, it can be easily arranged on the front surface. One example is shown in FIG. For example, it is apparent that the inner surface 302 can be converted to the position of the outer surface 304 by disposing, for example, a lens optical system 303 on the front surface of the optical system 301 described in the above embodiment. In such a case, the three-dimensional stereoscopic image is floated and reproduced in space, so that there is an advantage that it is easier for a person to feel three-dimensionally than when the three-dimensional stereoscopic image is inside or behind the apparatus.

[Embodiment 3] In this embodiment, a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device usable in each of the above embodiments will be described. For example, as described in "Three-dimensional display" (Chihiro Masuda, Sangyo Tosho Co., Ltd.), a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device displays left and right parallax images of a three-dimensional object with the right eye and the right eye, respectively. This is a device that provides means for distributing to the left eye, and is a method in which an observer can feel a three-dimensional display by fusing the distributed left and right parallax images. In particular, in the case of the multi-view system, this method can be applied even when the observer moves by providing a parallax image viewed from the position of the observer. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a binocular stereoscopic display device of a polarizing glasses system that can be used in each of the embodiments. The binocular stereoscopic display device of the polarized glasses type shown in FIG. 13 is a two-dimensional display device (for example, CRT, P
DP, liquid crystal display, etc.) (401, 402);
Polarizing filters (403, 404), half mirror 40
5 is included. The main axis is 2 in the polarization direction
With the present invention, the polarization filter transmits light in the same polarization direction as the polarization direction of the polarization filter, and does not transmit light in the polarization direction orthogonal to the polarization direction. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, by appropriately adjusting the polarization directions of the polarization filters (403, 404) arranged in front of the two-dimensional display device (401, 402) and the polarization direction of the polarization glasses 406, Only the light from the two-dimensional display device 401 for the right eye can reach the right eye, and only the light from the two-dimensional display device 402 for the left eye can reach the left eye.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of an anaglyph-type binocular stereoscopic display device usable in each of the above embodiments. An anaglyph-type binocular stereoscopic display device illustrated in FIG. 14 includes a two-dimensional display device (for example, a CRT, a PDP, a liquid crystal display, and the like),
And an optical system including: Red and blue are almost complementary colors, and the red portion is hardly seen by the blue filter, and vice versa. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 14, the left and right parallax images are displayed in red and blue on the display surface 411 of the two-dimensional display device, and the glasses 412 with the red-blue filter.
In this case, only the light from the right parallax image reaches the right eye, and only the light from the left parallax image reaches the left eye.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a two-lens stereoscopic display device of the liquid crystal shutter glasses type which can be used in each of the above embodiments. The liquid crystal shutter glasses type binocular stereoscopic display device shown in FIG. 15 is a two-dimensional display device (for example, a CRT,
(PDP, liquid crystal display, etc.) 421 and shutter glasses 422. Here, shutter glasses 422
Is composed of a polarizing plate (423, 425) and a polarizing element 424 capable of changing the polarization direction with time by a voltage. In FIG. 15, reference numeral 426 denotes an element driver. In the two-lens stereoscopic display device using the liquid crystal shutter glasses system shown in FIG. 15, left and right parallax images are alternately displayed on the two-dimensional display device 421 in time, and the left and right eyes of the shutter glasses 422 are synchronized with this. Are turned ON / OFF alternately. By performing this within the afterimage time of a person, there is no flicker, only the parallax image for the right eye displayed on the two-dimensional display device 421 reaches the right eye, and is displayed on the two-dimensional display device 421 to the left eye. Only the parallax image for the left eye can be reached. In the above, the example in the case of using the binocular stereoscopic display device that requires glasses for the observer has been described. Such a system has a drawback that the observer must wear glasses, but there is almost no restriction on the observation position. Therefore, even when the apparatus is configured by using a plurality of these apparatuses as in the present invention, the arrangement is not limited. And the range of the observation position can be widened.

Next, an example in the case of using a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display without glasses will be described below.
In this case, the position of the observer is often greatly restricted. Therefore, when this is applied to the present invention, it is apparent that it is necessary to arrange the devices such that the observation positions of a plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices overlap. In this method, there is a disadvantage that the observation position is limited by this, but without forcing the observer to wear glasses,
Further, in the case of the multi-view system, there is an advantage that it can respond to the movement of the observer. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a parallax barrier type binocular stereoscopic display device usable in each of the above embodiments. The parallax barrier type binocular stereoscopic display device shown in FIG. 16 is a two-dimensional display device (for example,
The optical system includes an optical system including a CRT, a PDP, a liquid crystal display, etc. 431 and a parallax barrier 432. As shown in FIG. 16, the parallax barrier 432 can separately present a parallax image for the right eye and the parallax image for the left eye according to the position of the pixel of the two-dimensional display device 431 and the position of the left and right eyes immediately before the parallax barrier 432. . Therefore, as shown in FIG.
By appropriately adjusting the pixel arrangement of the two-dimensional display device 431 and the pitch of the parallax barrier 432, only the parallax image for the right eye displayed on the two-dimensional display device 431 reaches the right eye, and reaches the left eye. Can only reach the parallax image for the left eye displayed on the two-dimensional display device 431.

FIG. 17 is a view showing an example of a lenticular type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device usable in each of the above embodiments. A lenticular binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device illustrated in FIG. 17A includes a two-dimensional display device (for example, a CRT, a PDP, a liquid crystal display, etc.) 441 and a lenticular screen 442.
And an optical system including: As shown in the principle diagram of FIG. 17B, the lenticular screen 442 has a function of changing the traveling direction of light of the pixel according to the position of the pixel of the two-dimensional display device 441 located immediately before.
Therefore, as shown in FIG.
1 and the pitch of the lenticular screen 442 as appropriate, so that only the right-eye parallax image displayed on the two-dimensional display device 441 reaches the right eye, and the two-dimensional display device Only the parallax image for the left eye displayed at 441 can be reached. Further, by displaying many multi-view parallax images (left and right parallax images when viewed from various angles) within one pitch of the lenticular screen 442, a multi-view stereoscopic display device can be obtained.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a projector-type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device which can be used in each of the above embodiments. A two-dimensional or multi-view stereoscopic display device of a projector type shown in FIG. 18 includes a plurality of two-dimensional display projectors (for example, CRT type, liquid crystal type, DLP type, etc.) 451 and a Fresnel lens 453.
And lenticular screen (double-sided lens type) 454
And an optical system including: As shown in FIG. 18, the double-lens lenticular screen 454 has a function of providing an image with light from a plurality of projectors 451 to eyes located at positions along the direction. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18, by appropriately adjusting the arrangement of the plurality of projectors 451 and the position of the lenticular screen 454, only the light from the projector for the right eye reaches the right eye, and the light reaches the left eye. Can only reach the light from the projector for the left eye. Also, as shown in FIG.
By displaying a large number of multi-view parallax images (left and right parallax images viewed from various angles) using a plurality of two or more projectors and a half mirror 452 as necessary, a multi-view system It may be a three-dimensional display device.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of a diffraction grating type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device which can be used in each of the above embodiments. The diffraction grating type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device illustrated in FIG. 19 is a two-dimensional display device (for example, a CRT, a PDP, a liquid crystal display, etc.) 461
And an optical system including a multi-diffraction grating element 462. As shown in FIG. 19, the diffraction grating 462 has a function of changing the traveling direction of the light of the pixel of the two-dimensional display device 461 immediately before it. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 19, a multi-diffraction grating element 462 combining a plurality of diffraction gratings having different directions, and a two-dimensional display device 461
By appropriately adjusting the pitch with the pixel array of the right, only the parallax image for the right eye displayed on the two-dimensional display device 461 reaches the right eye, and the left eye displayed on the two-dimensional display device 461 reaches the left eye. Only parallax images for the eyes can be reached. In addition, the number of types of diffraction gratings is two or more, and a large number of multi-view parallax images (left and right parallax images when viewed from various angles) are displayed on the two types of diffraction gratings. Can also.

Next, the case where the head track method is used will be described. As described above, in the binocular stereoscopic display device with glasses, the image cannot be changed with respect to the movement of the observer. Further, in the binocular stereoscopic display device without glasses, the position range allowed by the viewer is narrow. Therefore, the position of the observer is detected by, for example, an infrared sensor, a magnetic sensor, a sensor using a camera and image processing, and the like, so that an image or an observation position is changed by a head track. Method. Obviously, the use of this technique is also useful in the present invention. A large convex lens method (backlight division method) will be described as an example of the head track method.

FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 are diagrams showing an example of a large convex lens type binocular stereoscopic display device which can be used in each of the above embodiments. FIG. 20 shows an operating unit for the right eye, and FIG. 21 shows an operating unit for the left eye. The large-convex lens-type multi-view stereoscopic display device combines right-eye and left-eye images coming from the right-eye and left-eye operating units with a half mirror (501, 511) and presents the combined image to the observer 500. We take the technique to do. The operation principle of this method will be described below. First, the observer 500 is irradiated with infrared light and photographed with a camera. The high-brightness part is assumed to be the face or head of the person. The image is distributed to the two-dimensional display device 513 for the eye and the two-dimensional display device 503 for the right eye.
A feature is that a half image of the face on the distributed two-dimensional display device (503, 513) is used as a backlight of a liquid crystal display unit (502, 512). That is, the half image of the face on the two-dimensional display device (503, 513) is optically viewed by the observer 500 by the Fresnel convex lenses (504, 514) located at the same position as the liquid crystal display units (502, 512). Will illuminate half of the face. When the observer 500 moves, the two-dimensional display device (503, 51
Since the image of half of the face displayed in 3) also moves automatically, the face of the observer 500 is always illuminated separately on the left and right. The half image of this face is displayed on the liquid crystal display (50
2, 512), different images can always be presented to the left and right eyes of the observer 500 regardless of the position of the observer 500. Therefore, a binocular stereoscopic display without glasses having a wide observation area can be provided. As described above, the invention made by the inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment, and can be variously modified without departing from the gist of the invention. Of course, it is.

[0028]

The effects obtained by typical ones of the inventions disclosed in the present application will be briefly described as follows. (1) According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress contradiction between physiological factors of stereoscopic vision. (2) According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the amount of information, electrically rewrite, and display a three-dimensional moving image.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the three-dimensional display device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method of displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image in the three-dimensional display device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method of displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image in the three-dimensional display device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image in the three-dimensional display device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for describing a method of displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image in the three-dimensional display device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an overall schematic configuration in a case where a two-lens stereoscopic display device with glasses is used as a component of an optical system in a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the optical system shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another example of the optical system shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of the optical system shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another example of the optical system shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing another example of the optical system shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a binocular stereoscopic display device of a polarizing glasses system which can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of an anaglyph-type binocular stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a twin-lens stereoscopic display device of a liquid crystal shutter glasses type which can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a parallax barrier type binocular stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a lenticular type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device usable in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a projector-type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a diffraction grating type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a large convex lens type binocular stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a large convex lens type binocular stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an example of a conventional three-dimensional display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

GL: left parallax image, GR: right parallax image, 1L5, 1L6: left two-dimensional image, 1R5, 1R6: right two-dimensional image, 100, 50
0,607 ... observer, 101,102,205,20
6, 221 to 225, 302, 304 ... face, 103, 3
01 ... optical system, 104, 601 ... three-dimensional object, 201,
202, 211 to 215: binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device, 203, 216: total reflection mirror, 204, 217 to
220, 405, 452, 501, 511: partial reflecting mirror, 207, 208: convex lens, 231 to 235: projector type two-lens or multi-lens three-dimensional display device, 236
... 240 scattering plate, 241-245 ... shutter, 303
... Lens optical system, 401, 402, 421, 431, 4
41, 461, 503, 513, 605: two-dimensional display device, 403, 404: polarizing filter, 406: polarizing glasses, 411: display surface of the two-dimensional display device, 412: glasses with red-blue filter, 422: shutter glasses, 423, 4
25: polarizing plate, 424: polarizing element, 426: element driver, 432: parallax barrier, 442, 454 ...
Lenticular screen, 451: Projector type two-dimensional display device, 453: Fresnel lens, 462: Diffraction grating, 502, 512: Liquid crystal display unit, 504, 514 ...
Fresnel convex lens, 602, 603 ... camera, 604 ...
Video signal converter, 606... Liquid crystal shutter glasses.

Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Katojo Kamihira 3-19-2 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo F-term in Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (reference) 5B050 CA01 DA07 EA24 EA28 FA02 FA05 FA06 5C061 AA01 AA02 AA03 AA04 AA06 AA29 AB01 AB04 AB08 AB11 AB12 AB14 AB16 AB18 5C080 AA01 AA09 BB05 CC04 DD01 EE28 FF09 GG03 GG08 JJ02 JJ06

Claims (23)

[Claims] 1. A three-dimensional display method for generating a three-dimensional stereoscopic image by displaying right and left parallax images of a display target object to be presented to an observer on a plurality of display surfaces having different depth positions, respectively. A three-dimensional display method, wherein brightness of right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the plurality of display surfaces is independently changed for each of the display surfaces. 2. When the display target object is an object displayed at a depth position close to an observer, a right of the display target object displayed on a display surface closer to the observer among the plurality of display surfaces. And the brightness of the left parallax image is increased, the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the display surface far from the observer is reduced, and the display target object is located at a depth position far from the observer. When the object is displayed, the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object to be displayed on the display surface closer to the observer among the plurality of display surfaces is reduced, and displayed on a display surface far from the observer. The three-dimensional display method according to claim 1, wherein the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object is increased. 3. The plurality of right and left parallax images of the display target object are overlapped with each other so that the right and left parallax images of the display target object overlap with each other when viewed from the right and left eyes of the display target object of the observer. 3. The three-dimensional display method according to claim 1, wherein an overall luminance displayed on a display surface and viewed by an observer is equal to the luminance of the display target object. 4. 4. The three-dimensional moving image is generated by sequentially switching and displaying the right and left parallax images of the display target object sequentially in time. 3. The three-dimensional display method according to claim 1. 5. The display method according to claim 1, wherein the right and left parallax images of the display target object include a plurality of object images moving in a depth direction, and the moving direction of the object is a direction approaching an observer. In synchronization with the switching of the right and left parallax images of the target object, the brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface closer to the observer among the plurality of display surfaces is sequentially increased, and displayed on the display surface far from the observer. Sequentially lowering the brightness of the object image, and when the moving direction of the object is away from the observer, in synchronization with switching between the right and left parallax images of the display target object, the plurality of displays are performed. Sequentially lower the brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface closer to the observer of the surface,
The three-dimensional display method according to claim 4, wherein the brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface far from the observer is sequentially increased. 6. A first means for generating right and left parallax images of a display target object, and different right and left parallax images of the display target object generated by the first means when viewed from an observer. A second means for displaying on the plurality of display surfaces at the depth position, and a second means for independently changing the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on each of the display surfaces for each of the display surfaces. 3
A three-dimensional display device comprising: 7. The method according to claim 7, wherein the second unit displays right and left parallax images of the display target object on the plurality of display surfaces so as to overlap when viewed from a right eye and a left eye of an observer. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 6. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the second unit sequentially switches and displays right and left parallax images of the display target object sequentially.
The three-dimensional display device according to claim 6, wherein a three-dimensional moving image is generated. 9. The third means, wherein the right and left parallax images of the display target object include a plurality of object images moving in the depth direction, and the moving direction of the object approaches the observer. In the case of the direction, in synchronization with the switching of the right and left parallax images of the display target object, to sequentially increase the brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface closer to the observer among the plurality of display surfaces, The luminance of the object image displayed on the display surface far from the observer is sequentially reduced, and when the moving direction of the object is a direction moving away from the observer, switching between the right and left parallax images of the display target object is performed. Synchronously, sequentially lower the brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface closer to the observer of the plurality of display surfaces,
The three-dimensional display device according to claim 8, wherein the brightness of the object image displayed on a display surface far from an observer is sequentially increased. 10. The two-lens stereoscopic display device with a plurality of glasses, the second means being arranged at a depth position farthest from an observer among the two-lens stereoscopic display devices with a plurality of glasses. Combined with a stereoscopic display device, a total reflection mirror or a partial reflection mirror that arranges an image displayed on the twin-lens stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of the observer, and is disposed at a depth position farthest from the observer. A partial reflecting mirror, which is combined with a binocular stereoscopic display device other than the binocular stereoscopic display device, and arranges an image displayed on each binocular stereoscopic display device as an image on a line of sight of an observer; 7. An eyeglass system comprising eyeglasses.
The three-dimensional display device according to claim 9. 11. The two-lens stereoscopic display device with a plurality of eyeglasses, wherein the second means is arranged at a depth position farthest from an observer among the two-lens stereoscopic display devices with a plurality of eyeglasses. A combination of a total reflection mirror and a lens, or a combination of a partial reflection mirror and a lens, in which an image displayed on the twin-lens stereoscopic display device is combined as an image on the observer's line of sight, In combination with a binocular stereoscopic display device other than the binocular stereoscopic display device arranged at a depth position farthest from the observer, the image displayed on each binocular stereoscopic display device is respectively on the line of sight of the observer. 7. A combination of a partial reflecting mirror and a lens arranged as an image of a lens, and binocular glasses.
The three-dimensional display device according to claim 9. 12. The second means comprises: a plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic displays without glasses; and a furthest from an observer among the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic displays without glasses. A total reflection mirror which is combined with a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device arranged at a depth position, and arranges an image displayed on the binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device as an image on a line of sight of an observer. Alternatively, a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device other than a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device arranged at a depth position farthest from the observer is combined with each of the binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices. The image display device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, further comprising a partial reflecting mirror that arranges images displayed on the ocular stereoscopic display device as images on a line of sight of an observer. 3D display device. 13. The binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device without a plurality of glasses, and the second means is the furthest from an observer among the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic displays without a spectacles. A total reflection mirror which is combined with a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device arranged at a depth position, and arranges an image displayed on the binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device as an image on a line of sight of an observer. And a lens, or a combination of a partial reflecting mirror and a lens, and a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display other than a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device arranged at a depth position farthest from the observer. Combined with the device, it is characterized by comprising a combination of a partial reflecting mirror and a lens to arrange the image displayed on each binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of the observer respectively Claim 6 Stone according to claim 9
The three-dimensional display device according to any one of the above. 14. The second means comprises a plurality of scattering plates arranged at different depth positions as viewed from an observer and capable of controlling switching between a transmission state and a scattering state, or switching between a reflection state and a transmission state. A plurality of controllable reflectors, a plurality of projection type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices that project parallax images onto each of the plurality of scattering plates or the plurality of reflectors, and the plurality of scattering plates or It is arranged between a plurality of reflectors and the plurality of projection type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices, and switches between the transmission state and the scattering state of the plurality of scattering plates, or the reflection state of the plurality of reflectors And a plurality of shutters for switching between a transmission state and a blocking state in synchronization with switching between the transmission state and the transmission state.
The three-dimensional display device according to any one of the above. 15. The lens optical system according to claim 10, wherein a lens optical system is provided between the plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from the observer and the observer.
5. The three-dimensional display device according to any one of items 4. 16. The two-lens stereoscopic display device with glasses, wherein the first two-dimensional display device displays a right parallax image of the display target object, and the second two-dimensional display device displays a left parallax image of the display target object. A two-dimensional display device, a first polarizing filter disposed in front of the first two-dimensional display device, and a second polarizing filter disposed in front of the second two-dimensional display device. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 10, wherein the two-eye glasses are polarized glasses. 17. The plurality of binocular stereoscopic display devices with glasses, including a two-dimensional display device that displays right and left parallax images of the display target object in different colors, wherein the binocular glasses are , For right and left eyes, eyeglasses with color filters provided with color filters of the same color as the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the two-dimensional display device. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 10 or 11. 18. The two-lens stereoscopic display device with glasses having a two-dimensional display device that alternately displays a right or left parallax image of the display target object. The shutter glasses, wherein a right eye or a left eye alternately turns on / off in synchronization with a right or left parallax image of the display target object displayed on the two-dimensional display device. 12. The three-dimensional display device according to 11. 19. A two-dimensional display device, wherein at least one of the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses is configured to simultaneously display right and left parallax images of the display target object in different regions, respectively. 13. A parallax barrier disposed in front of the two-dimensional display device and separating right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the two-dimensional display device. Item 14. The three-dimensional display device according to item 13. 20. At least one of the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses is a two-dimensional display device that simultaneously displays right and left parallax images of the display target object in different regions, 14. A lenticular screen which is disposed in front of the two-dimensional display device and separates right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the two-dimensional display device. 3. The three-dimensional display device according to 1. 21. At least one of the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses is a two-dimensional display device that simultaneously displays right and left parallax images of the display target object in different regions. 13. A diffraction grating element disposed in front of the two-dimensional display device and separating right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the two-dimensional display device. 14. The three-dimensional display device according to 13. 22. At least one of the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses includes a plurality of projectors that project right and left parallax images of the display target object, and a front of the plurality of projectors. 14. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 12, further comprising: a lenticular screen disposed on the display. 23. At least one of the plurality of binocular stereoscopic display devices without glasses, a photographing means for photographing the observer, and one image of a half of the face of the observer photographed by the photographing means. A first display device that displays the image of the observer, a second display device that displays the other image of the half of the face of the observer photographed by the photographing unit, and a transmission type device that displays a right parallax image of the display target object. A first transmissive two-dimensional display device using a half image of the observer's face displayed on the first display device as irradiation light, and a transmissive two-dimensional display device displaying a left parallax image. A two-dimensional display device,
A second transmission type two-dimensional display device that uses an image of a half of the face of the observer displayed on the display device as irradiation light, and a half of the face of the observer displayed on the first display device A first optical system that causes an image to enter the right eye of the observer; and a second optical system that causes an image of a half of the face of the observer displayed on the second display device to enter the left eye of the observer. 14. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 12, comprising an optical system.