JP2000512043A - 確認に際してアルゴリズムに入力データをロードする方法および装置 - Google Patents
確認に際してアルゴリズムに入力データをロードする方法および装置Info
- Publication number
- JP2000512043A JP2000512043A JP10500229A JP50022998A JP2000512043A JP 2000512043 A JP2000512043 A JP 2000512043A JP 10500229 A JP10500229 A JP 10500229A JP 50022998 A JP50022998 A JP 50022998A JP 2000512043 A JP2000512043 A JP 2000512043A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- calculator
- input data
- loading
- post
- recorder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
- G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/02—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols involving a neutral party, e.g. certification authority, notary or trusted third party [TTP]
- G06Q20/027—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols involving a neutral party, e.g. certification authority, notary or trusted third party [TTP] involving a payment switch or gateway
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
- G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
- G06Q20/341—Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
- G06Q20/36—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
- G06Q20/367—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes involving electronic purses or money safes
- G06Q20/3676—Balancing accounts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
- G06Q20/401—Transaction verification
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
- G06Q20/409—Device specific authentication in transaction processing
- G06Q20/4097—Device specific authentication in transaction processing using mutual authentication between devices and transaction partners
- G06Q20/40975—Device specific authentication in transaction processing using mutual authentication between devices and transaction partners using encryption therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/0866—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by active credit-cards adapted therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
- H04L9/3242—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions involving keyed hash functions, e.g. message authentication codes [MACs], CBC-MAC or HMAC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3271—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using challenge-response
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
- H04L2209/56—Financial cryptography, e.g. electronic payment or e-cash
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Development Economics (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Technology Law (AREA)
- Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
- Storage Device Security (AREA)
- Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Communication Control (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.取引機能および安全モジュールを有するチップカード間に確認に際してア ルゴリズムに入力データをロードする方法であって、カード利用者は記憶さ れた預金を自由に使用することが可能であり、各会計において必要な、すな わちカード利用者により入力される金額は安全機能を用いてカード利用者の チップカードから引き落とされ、それらの金額は安全モジュールの金額のた めの金額計算器において合計されるとともに記憶され、確認アルゴリズムの ために直線的にフィードバックされるスライド式記録器が使用され、その非 直線的機能は後接続される計算器と結合して暗号により強化され、入力デー タにおいて、例えば任意の数字、秘密のコードおよび秘密でないカードデー タなどがそのアルゴリズムの中へ入る方法において、入力データを多ブロッ クのデータに分割し、直線的にフィードバックされるスライド式記録器への ブロックのロード時に追加の別のフィードバックを後接続した計算器へのス ライド式記録器に導入するとともに、予め決められた数の工程ステップ後に 遮断することを特徴とする方法。 2.第1のブロックとして秘密のコードを有するカードデータDおよび別のブ ロックとして任意の数字を導入することを特徴とする請求の範囲1に記載の 方法。 3.入力データのロード段階時に、確認トークンを計算するための入力データ ロード後のその後の段階として、別の計算器カウントを使用することを特徴 とする請求の範囲1および2に記載の方法。 4.第1の後接続される計算器は1に依拠することを特徴とする請求の範囲1 および2に記載の方法。 5.計算器および実施すべき工程の数は、確認トークンが別のシステム条件に より予め決められた数の工程に従って算出される通りに正確に選択すること を特徴とする請求の範囲1および2に記載の方法。 6.二進数字の出力はすべての入力データのロード後に開始することを特徴と する請求の範囲1乃至5のいずれか1つに記載の方法。 7.追加フィードバックの保持下に請求の範囲1に記載のブロックのロード間 に、入力データをロードすることなく、また二進数字を出力する前に、回路 全体をさらに数ステップにわたってクロックすることを特徴とする請求の範 囲1乃至6のいずれか1つに記載の方法。 8.迫加フィードバックの遮断後に請求の範囲1に記載のブロックのロード間 に、入力データをロードすることなく、また二進数字を出力する前に、回路 全体を一定数のステップにわたってさらにクロックすることを特徴とする請 求の範囲1乃至6のいずれか1つに記載の方法。 9.暗号MAC機能を使用して確認に際してアルゴリズムに入力データをロー ドするための装置であって、スライド式記録器から測定し、計算器を介して スライド式記録器の出力に影響を与える非直線的「フィードフォワード」機 能を有する直線的にフィードバックされるスライド式記録器からなり、該ス ライド式記録器には別の計算器が後接続される装置において、確認アルゴリ ズムに使用するための後接続される計算器とともに直線的にフィードバック されるスライド式記録器から構成される回路は、追加の遮断可能な非直線的 フィードバックにより暗号により強化されていることを特徴とする装置。 10.追加フィードバックはラッチ前の第1の後接続される計算器に従って測定 されることを特徴とする請求の範囲9に記載の装置。 11.追加フィードバックは第1の後接続される計算器に従うラッチから測定さ れることを特徴とする請求の範囲9に記載の装置。 12.迫加フィードバックは第2の後接続される計算器に従って測定されること を特徴とする請求の範囲9に記載の装置。 13.追加フィードバックは、ラッチ前の第1の後接続される計算器に従う測定 、第1の後接続される計算器に従うラッチからの測定および第2の後接続さ れる計算器に従う測定のXOR合計として形成されていることを特徴とする 請求の範囲9に記載の方法。 14.計算器は分割または小型化されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲9に記 載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19622533A DE19622533A1 (de) | 1996-06-05 | 1996-06-05 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laden von Inputdaten in einen Algorithmus bei der Authentikation |
| DE19622533.7 | 1996-06-05 | ||
| PCT/EP1997/002894 WO1997046983A2 (de) | 1996-06-05 | 1997-06-04 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum laden von inputdaten in einen algorithmus bei der authentikation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000512043A true JP2000512043A (ja) | 2000-09-12 |
| JP2000512043A5 JP2000512043A5 (ja) | 2005-01-13 |
Family
ID=7796201
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10500229A Abandoned JP2000512043A (ja) | 1996-06-05 | 1997-06-04 | 確認に際してアルゴリズムに入力データをロードする方法および装置 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7113592B1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0909434B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2000512043A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1119771C (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE207643T1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU3032197A (ja) |
| DE (2) | DE19622533A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1997046983A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1027784B2 (de) | 1997-10-28 | 2010-05-26 | First Data Mobile Holdings Limited | Verfahren zum digitalen signieren einer nachricht |
| DE19818726C1 (de) * | 1998-04-27 | 1999-10-14 | Esd Information Technology Ent | Ladeterminal für Geldkarten sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines solchen |
| NL1012581C2 (nl) * | 1999-07-13 | 2001-01-16 | Koninkl Kpn Nv | Werkwijze voor het beschermen van een draagbare kaart. |
| DE10040854A1 (de) * | 2000-08-21 | 2002-03-21 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Chipkarte |
| FR2826531B1 (fr) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-10-24 | France Telecom | Procede cryptographique pour la protection d'une puce electronique contre la fraude |
| KR100480258B1 (ko) * | 2002-10-15 | 2005-04-07 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 무선 근거리 네트워크에서 고속 핸드오버를 위한 인증방법 |
| JP4254201B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-31 | 2009-04-15 | ソニー株式会社 | スクランブラ、送信装置および受信装置 |
| CN100409138C (zh) * | 2004-07-21 | 2008-08-06 | 京瓷美达株式会社 | 密码验证装置及验证方法 |
| US9940486B2 (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2018-04-10 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Detection of hardware tampering |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3719927A (en) * | 1970-12-28 | 1973-03-06 | Trw Data Syst Inc | Credit control system |
| FR2471003B1 (fr) * | 1979-11-30 | 1986-01-24 | Dassault Electronique | Systeme a objet portatif presentant une information confidentielle et lecteur de cette information, notamment pour des transactions financieres et/ou commerciales |
| JPS63229541A (ja) | 1987-03-04 | 1988-09-26 | シーメンス、アクチエンゲルシヤフト | データ交換システム |
| GB2205667B (en) * | 1987-06-12 | 1991-11-06 | Ncr Co | Method of controlling the operation of security modules |
| FR2650097B1 (fr) * | 1989-07-19 | 1992-12-31 | Pailles Jean Claude | Carte a microcircuit cable et procede de transaction entre une carte a microcircuit cable correspondante et un terminal |
| US5136642A (en) * | 1990-06-01 | 1992-08-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Cryptographic communication method and cryptographic communication device |
| DE4119924C3 (de) * | 1991-06-17 | 1996-06-20 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Sicherung von ladbaren Guthaben in Chipkarten |
| US6003770A (en) * | 1992-10-06 | 1999-12-21 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Wireless telephone debit card system and method |
| ATE161348T1 (de) * | 1992-12-01 | 1998-01-15 | Landis & Gyr Tech Innovat | Verfahren zur abgeltung von dienstleistungen und/oder waren und einrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
| DE4243851A1 (de) | 1992-12-23 | 1994-06-30 | Deutsche Bundespost Telekom | Verfahren zum Transferieren von Buchgeldbeträgen auf und von Chipkarten |
| FI953232L (fi) * | 1992-12-30 | 1995-06-29 | Telstra Corp Ltd | Menetelmä ja laite koodijonon muodostamiseksi |
| TW256969B (ja) * | 1993-01-19 | 1995-09-11 | Siemens Ag | |
| TW266280B (ja) * | 1993-05-10 | 1995-12-21 | Siemens Ag | |
| JP3582737B2 (ja) * | 1993-05-20 | 2004-10-27 | 株式会社リコー | 信号処理装置 |
| US5363448A (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 1994-11-08 | United Technologies Automotive, Inc. | Pseudorandom number generation and cryptographic authentication |
| US5450491A (en) * | 1993-08-26 | 1995-09-12 | At&T Corp. | Authenticator card and system |
| US5365585A (en) * | 1993-08-30 | 1994-11-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for encryption having a feedback register with selectable taps |
| DE4333388A1 (de) | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-06 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | System zur Durchführung von Transaktionen mit einer Multifunktionskarte mit elektronischer Börse |
| DE4419805A1 (de) * | 1994-06-06 | 1995-12-07 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Verfahren zur Echtheitsprüfung eines Datenträgers |
| JP3504952B2 (ja) * | 1994-09-30 | 2004-03-08 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | ターミナルおよび携帯可能なデータキャリア装置を有するデータ伝送システムおよびターミナルにより携帯可能なデータキャリア装置の再チャージ方法 |
| US5633930A (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1997-05-27 | Electronic Payment Services, Inc. | Common cryptographic key verification in a transaction network |
| JPH08195735A (ja) * | 1995-01-18 | 1996-07-30 | Toshiba Corp | デコーダ装置 |
| DE19505097C1 (de) * | 1995-02-15 | 1996-06-05 | Siemens Ag | Verschlüsselungsvorrichtung |
| US6014446A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 2000-01-11 | Motorola, Inc. | Apparatus for providing improved encryption protection in a communication system |
| US5664016A (en) * | 1995-06-27 | 1997-09-02 | Northern Telecom Limited | Method of building fast MACS from hash functions |
| NL1001659C2 (nl) * | 1995-11-15 | 1997-05-21 | Nederland Ptt | Werkwijze voor het afwaarderen van een elektronisch betaalmiddel. |
| DE19545705C2 (de) | 1995-12-07 | 2002-11-21 | Deutsche Telekom Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zahlung aus Chipkarten mit Börsenfunktion |
| US5943423A (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 1999-08-24 | Entegrity Solutions Corporation | Smart token system for secure electronic transactions and identification |
| US5613001A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-03-18 | Bakhoum; Ezzat G. | Digital signature verification technology for smart credit card and internet applications |
| US6560338B1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2003-05-06 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Limiting delays associated with the generation of encryption stream ciphers |
| JP3299730B2 (ja) * | 1999-08-20 | 2002-07-08 | 有限会社スガイ総業 | コイン類の計数選別装置 |
-
1996
- 1996-06-05 DE DE19622533A patent/DE19622533A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1997
- 1997-06-04 AT AT97925042T patent/ATE207643T1/de active
- 1997-06-04 WO PCT/EP1997/002894 patent/WO1997046983A2/de not_active Ceased
- 1997-06-04 AU AU30321/97A patent/AU3032197A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-06-04 DE DE59705095T patent/DE59705095D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-04 EP EP97925042A patent/EP0909434B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-04 CN CN97195212A patent/CN1119771C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-04 JP JP10500229A patent/JP2000512043A/ja not_active Abandoned
- 1997-12-20 US US09/202,024 patent/US7113592B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19622533A1 (de) | 1997-12-11 |
| US7113592B1 (en) | 2006-09-26 |
| DE59705095D1 (de) | 2001-11-29 |
| CN1221507A (zh) | 1999-06-30 |
| ATE207643T1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
| EP0909434B1 (de) | 2001-10-24 |
| WO1997046983A3 (de) | 1998-02-26 |
| EP0909434A2 (de) | 1999-04-21 |
| WO1997046983A2 (de) | 1997-12-11 |
| CN1119771C (zh) | 2003-08-27 |
| AU3032197A (en) | 1998-01-05 |
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