JP2004018317A - Method for producing transparent synthetic quartz glass - Google Patents

Method for producing transparent synthetic quartz glass Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004018317A
JP2004018317A JP2002176077A JP2002176077A JP2004018317A JP 2004018317 A JP2004018317 A JP 2004018317A JP 2002176077 A JP2002176077 A JP 2002176077A JP 2002176077 A JP2002176077 A JP 2002176077A JP 2004018317 A JP2004018317 A JP 2004018317A
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quartz glass
temperature
synthetic quartz
silica
sol
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Kenji Morinaga
森永 健次
Shigeru Fujino
藤野 茂
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Nippon Steel Chemical and Materials Co Ltd
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Nippon Steel Chemical Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B19/00Other methods of shaping glass
    • C03B19/12Other methods of shaping glass by liquid-phase reaction processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B19/00Other methods of shaping glass
    • C03B19/06Other methods of shaping glass by sintering, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing of powders and subsequent sintering, by hot pressing of powders, by sintering slurries or dispersions not undergoing a liquid phase reaction
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B19/00Other methods of shaping glass
    • C03B19/06Other methods of shaping glass by sintering, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing of powders and subsequent sintering, by hot pressing of powders, by sintering slurries or dispersions not undergoing a liquid phase reaction
    • C03B19/066Other methods of shaping glass by sintering, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing of powders and subsequent sintering, by hot pressing of powders, by sintering slurries or dispersions not undergoing a liquid phase reaction for the production of quartz or fused silica articles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B20/00Processes specially adapted for the production of quartz or fused silica articles, not otherwise provided for

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)

Abstract

【課題】157nm波長の透過率が高く、紫外域から真空紫外域でリソグラフィーなどに用いられるフォトマスク基板、ステッパーレンズ材、プリズム材、窓材、ランプ等の光学材料として有用な透明石英ガラスを提供する。
【解決手段】シリカ粒子を主原料としてゾルゲル法、スリップキャスト法又は真空・加圧鋳込み形成法により作成されたシリカのドライ成型体を加熱して緻密な透明合成石英ガラスを製造する方法において、加熱による焼結の際、1370〜1570Kの温度で3〜24時間保持し、その後10−1Pa以下の雰囲気圧力を保ちながら、1700K以上に昇温して緻密化することにより、OH含有量が10〜30ppmで、光路長10mmでのFレーザー透過率が70%以上である紫外光透過合成石英ガラスを得る。
【選択図】 なし
A transparent quartz glass having a high transmittance at a wavelength of 157 nm and being useful as an optical material such as a photomask substrate, a stepper lens material, a prism material, a window material, and a lamp used in lithography or the like in the ultraviolet region to the vacuum ultraviolet region. I do.
A method for producing a dense transparent synthetic quartz glass by heating a dry molded body of silica prepared by a sol-gel method, a slip casting method or a vacuum / pressure casting method using silica particles as a main raw material. During the sintering, the temperature is maintained at 1370 to 1570K for 3 to 24 hours, and then the temperature is raised to 1700K or more to densify while maintaining the atmospheric pressure of 10 -1 Pa or less, so that the OH content becomes 10%. in ~30ppm, F 2 laser transmittance in the optical path length 10mm to obtain a ultraviolet light transmitting synthetic quartz glass is 70% or more.
[Selection diagram] None

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、紫外域から真空紫外域でリソグラフィーなどに用いられるフォトマスク基板、ステッパーレンズ材、プリズム材、窓材、ランプ等の光学材料として有用な合成石英ガラス及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
紫外域から真空紫外域における光源としては、ArFエキシマレーザー(193nm)、ArClエキシマレーザー(175nm)、Fエキシマレーザー(157nm)等があり、これらの領域の短波長光を効率よく透過する材料としては、CaF(蛍石)があるが、品質の良い大型のバルクを製造する方法が確立していない。
【0003】
四塩化珪素の火炎加水分解法により、OH基含有白色スート体を作り、これをフッ素含有ガス雰囲気中で熱処理してOH基をフッ素で置換することによりフッ素をドープした白色スート体として、次に透明ガラス化処理を行うことによって得られるフッ素をドープした合成石英ガラスが知られている(例えば、特開2000−239040号、特開2001−151531号、特開2001−247318号公報)。これらのフッ素ドープ合成石英ガラスは、屈折率を低下させるので、脈理や屈折率分布を生じさせるという問題があるばかりか、熱処理に伴って7.6eV及び5.0eVに吸収帯を生じるという問題がある。また、フッ素ドープ石英ガラスをレーザー照射すると腐食性の高いフッ素が遊離するという問題もある。
【0004】
特開2001−146434号公報では、同じくスート法により得られたスート体を2段階の熱処理を行い、金属不純物濃度が合計で50ppb以下で、OH基含有量が1〜70ppmの合成シリカガラスからなる紫外線用光学材料及びその製造方法が提示されている。この2段階の熱処理方法とは、第一段階の熱処理として適当なガス雰囲気下で透明ガラス化以下の温度領域で一定時間保持する工程と、第二段階の熱処理工程として前記加熱処理された多孔質母材を透明ガラス化する工程からなる。そこで、一段階の熱処理は1200〜1350℃でその最高温度で16時間以上216時間以下保持するとしており、長時間を要している。これは、四塩化珪素を出発原料としてスート体とし、かさ密度が低いスート体を熱処理するために長時間を要するものと考えられる。また、スート体は、スートを少しずつ堆積しながら製造するためにスート体自身の製造にも長時間を要するという問題、緻密化による収縮率が大きいので熱処理設備の容積効率が低いという問題、及びスート体はかさ密度が低いので熱処理による緻密化後も密度分布のバラツキができやすく、結果として屈折率が均質なものが得にくく、それ自体断熱体なので、スート体の内部まで同じ温度で均熱することが難しいという問題等がある。スート体が大きくなるほどこれらの問題はより深刻な問題となる。
【0005】
これらの方法では、フッ素ドープの有無にかかわらず、何れの方法でも四塩化珪素を出発原料として用い、スート法によりスート体を作成するところが共通している。原料として塩素を用いると、石英ガラス中にClが残存しやすく、SiClが前駆体となってE’センターが生じるとともに、SiClが157nmの波長域に吸収を持つため紫外光の透過率が低下するという問題点がある。
【0006】
一方、シリコンアルコキシドを原料としてゾルゲル法によりシリカゲルとなし熱処理を行い合成石英ガラスを製造する方法や(特開平7−277744号公報)、種々の方法で調製したシリカ粒子を原料としてスリップキャスト法でシリカゲルとなし熱処理を行い合成石英ガラスとする方法(特開平11−189427号公報)は、スート法と比較して生産効率がよく安価に合成石英ガラスを製造できる可能性を有するが、紫外域から真空紫外域における透過率、特にFエキシマレーザーの波長である157nmにおける透過率において実用レベルの品質を提供できるという報告例はない。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、紫外域から真空紫外域における透過率、特にFエキシマレーザーの波長である157nmにおける透過率、エキシマレーザー照射による安定性、屈折率分布、脈理等において優れている光学材料としての合成石英ガラスの製造方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
シリコンアルコキシドを原料としてゾルゲル法により調製したシリカゲルや、種々の方法で調製したシリカ粒子を原料としてスリップキャスト法により調製したシリカ乾燥成形体は、スート法で調製したスート体と比較して、かさ密度が高いことと、スート法と異なり出発原料に塩素を含んでいないことのため、透明な石英ガラスとするための熱処理が容易であり、また、製造した透明石英ガラスにおいても、屈折率分布の低さや脈理の少なさにおいて本質的に優れているという利点を有する。発明者らは、スート法によるスート体に替えて、シリコンアルコキシド及び/又はシリカ粒子を用いる湿式法で調製されたシリカ乾燥成形体を利用して、その熱処理条件を検討することにより紫外域から真空紫外域における透過率、特に157nmにおける透過率において実用レベルの品質を提供することを可能にしたものである。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明は、高純度シリカゾル又は高純度シリカゾルとシリコンアルコキシドを原料として調製されたシリカ乾燥成形体を、熱処理して緻密な透明合成石英ガラスを製造する方法において、熱処理が1370〜1570Kの温度で3〜24時間の条件で行う焼結処理と、その後10−1Pa以下の雰囲気圧力で、1700K以上の条件で行う緻密化処理とを有することを特徴とする透明合成石英ガラスの製造方法である。ここで、ドライ成型体が、ゾル‐ゲル法、スリップキャスト法又は真空・加圧鋳込み形成法により得られたものであること、又は、透明合成石英ガラスのOH含有量が10〜30ppmで、光路長10mmでFレーザー光透過率が70%以上であることは好ましい例である。
【0010】
【発明の実施の態様】
157nmにおける透過率と石英ガラス中に含有されるOH量の関係を調べると、透過率はOH基量の減少と共に増加し、OH基量10〜30ppmの範囲で透過率75%以上を示した。更に、OH基量が1ppmと低減されると、透過率は減少した。OH基含有量が1ppm以下とした又は完全にOH基を取り除いた石英ガラスでは波長163nmにODC(I)酸素欠損による吸収、波長185nmにSi−Siリードベルグ遷移に基づく吸収があり、透過率が急激に低下する(55%以下)ことが認められた。更に、157nmにおける透過率が70%以上を示すためには微量OH基、好ましくは10ppm〜30ppmが石英ガラスに含まれていることが好ましいことが判明した。そして、このOH基含量は、湿式法で得られたシリカドライ成形体の焼成条件を厳密に制御することにより、所定の範囲とすることが可能であることを見出した。
【0011】
高純度シリカゾル又は高純度シリカゾルとシリコンアルコキシドを原料としてシリカゲル又はシリカ乾燥成形体を調製する方法は、公知の方法を使用できる。この方法は湿式で行われるため、湿式法ともいう。好ましい湿式法としては、ゾルゲル法、スリップキャスト法又は真空・加圧鋳込み形成法がある。これらは前記公報等に記載されて公知であるが、記載されていない各種の変形があり、これらも使用できる。
【0012】
通常、ゾルゲル法ではアルコキシシラン又はアルコキシシラン及びシリカゾルを使用し、スリップキャスト法及び真空・加圧鋳込み形成法がではシリカゾルを使用する。ゾルは比較的低濃度であるものを意味し、スリップはおおむね濃度が80%程度であるものを意味するが、これらの濃度の境界は厳密ではない。なお、スリップは流動性を生じさせるため、分散剤を通常含有する。濃度と成形法の違いによりゾルとスリップとが区別されるが、どちらも水にシリカ粒子が分散した状態である点で共通する。
【0013】
本発明の合成石英ガラスの製造方法で使用するシリカのドライ成形体は、ゾルゲル法、スリップキャスト法又は真空、加圧鋳込み成形法により得ることができ、これらの製法は前記文献に記されたような公知の方法を採用できる。上記の3法はいずれも湿式で、成形したあとに液体を飛ばす乾燥工程がある点で共通する。そして、スート法の一次粒子は数十nmのナノ粒子で成形体の密度は低くポーラスであるが、上記湿式法では、一次粒子径はサブミクロンであるため、そのサイズの違いによる焼結性の違いがあると予測される。すなわち、ナノ粒子はより低温で焼結し易く、OH基が飛ぶ前に焼結してしまうと脱OHが難しくなるなどの問題が予測される。上記湿式法の中でも、有利な方法としてはゾルゲル法がある。
【0014】
上記のようにゾルゲル法、スリップキャスト法及び真空・加圧鋳込み成形法は、全て湿式でシリカ粒子が懸濁しているシリカゾルをハンドリングする工程を含み、粒子サイズは数十nm〜μmの範囲であるが、数十nm〜100nmの所謂ナノ粒子はゾルの粘度が高くなりすぎるので、高濃度にし難いので、スリップキャスト法、及び真空・加圧鋳込み成形法に適しているのは100〜1000nmの所謂サブミクロン粒子(以下、サブミクロン粒子)である。
【0015】
粒子は小さい程、粒子・地球間に働く力(距離の2乗に反比例)より、粒子・粒子間に働く力の影響が大きくなるため、ナノ粒子とサブミクロン粒子では、凝集特性に大きな差がある。すなわち、ナノ粒子を凝集無く乾燥粉体として得ることは不可能で、凝集した構造体を形成し、最密充填からは程遠い、かさ密度が低いポーラスな成形体(スート体)となる。一方サブクロン粒子も凝集しやすい傾向はあるが、ナノ粒子よりは低いので、充填かさ密度が高くなる。更に、凝集しないように分散剤を添加して湿式で成形することも可能であるので、よりかさ密度が高い成形体を得ることができる。また、本法のように湿式処理で成形する場合、溶媒中で固体粒子は静電気を帯びているので、粒子間には静電反発が働き凝集しにくいので、より高密度に充填成形することが可能である。
【0016】
前記公報に記載のゾルゲル法ではアルコキシド原料に加えシリカゾルも使用しているので、かさ比重は高くなるが、粒子を使用しないアルコキシド原料だけ使用するゾルゲル法ではかさ密度は低くなる。かさ密度が低い成形体と高い成形体とで、加熱時の焼結特性が変わり、特に加熱収縮性が異なる。加熱収縮性が大きいとクラックが発生したり、所定の形状の石英ガラスを得ることが困難となる。例えば、前記公報に記載のゾルゲル法では、ドライゲルのかさ密度は1前後であるが、超臨界乾燥ゾルゲル法では、ドライゲルの嵩密度(g/cm)はおおむね0.5以下となる。したがって、ゾルゲル法の中でもアルコキシド原料に加えシリカゾルも使用して、ドライゲルの嵩密度を0.8以上、好ましくは1.0以上とすることがよい。また、スリップキャストや鋳込み成形法ではシリカゾルを主として使用するため上記ゾルゲル法よりもシリカ乾燥成形体の嵩密度は高くおおむね1.5程度となる。
【0017】
湿式法、好ましくはゾルゲル法、スリップキャスト法又は真空・加圧鋳込み形成法により作成されたシリカのシリカ乾燥成形体は、嵩密度が0.8〜1.7g/cm以上であることが好ましい。また、シリカ乾燥成形体は湿式法で得られた材料を所定形状の容器又は型、好ましくは吸水性又は透水性の型に入れて乾燥して、ドライゲル又は乾燥体とすることにより得られる。このようにして得られたシリカ乾燥成形体は、必要により容器から出して更に乾燥したり、研磨したりすることも可能である。なお、ゾルゲル法では、シリカゲルが生成するためドライゲル成形体ということもある。
【0018】
本発明の透明合成石英ガラスの製造方法においては、シリカ乾燥成形体を加熱して焼結する。この際、1370〜1570Kの温度で3〜24時間保持し、その後10−1Pa以下の雰囲気圧力を保ちながら、1700K以上に昇温して緻密化する。以下、前者の熱処理を第一段階の熱処理と、後者の熱処理を第二段階の熱処理という。
【0019】
第一段階の熱処理は、特に限定するものではないがOH基の除去を主目的とし、、5〜15K/minの速度で昇温することがよい。熱処理温度は1370〜1570K、好ましくは1400〜1570K、より好ましくは1450〜1560Kとし、の温度域とし、熱処理時間は3〜24時間、好ましくは4〜15時間、より好ましくは5〜14時間とし、OH基含量が所定範囲となるように脱水処理を行うことがよい。この際の圧力は成形体中の気泡除去のため、更に、1270K以上の温度にてクリストバライトの生成を防ぐためにも圧力は10Pa〜10−5Pa、好ましくは1Pa〜10−3Pa程度の減圧とすることが有利である。
【0020】
第二段階の熱処理は、特に限定するものではないが透明化を主目的とし、3〜15K/minの速度、好ましくは4〜10K/minの速度で昇温することがよい。第二段階の熱処理は、第一段階の熱処理後に行うが、温度を大幅に下げることなく引き続いて行うことがよい。この際、圧力は10−1Pa以下、好ましくは10−2〜10−6Paの圧力とし、1700K以上、好ましくは1800〜1880K迄昇温して緻密化を行うことがよい。この際の加熱保持時間は10時間以内の短時間でよく、好ましくは0.5〜3時間程度であり、所定の最高温度に達したら上記昇温速度範囲と同じ範囲の降温速度で降温を開始してもよい。
この熱処理により、OH基含有量が10〜30ppmで、光路長10mmでFレーザー透過率が75%以上の合成石英ガラスの製造を可能とする。
【0021】
先ず、OH基の除去を目的とした第一段階の熱処理パターンについては、緻密化により閉気孔が生成する前の焼結初期段階の温度で均一に粒成長を進行させながら所定時間保持する。これにより、製品中のOH基残留量を10〜30ppmとすることができる。その後、第二段階に熱処理で、減圧下に、所定の昇温速度で、所定の温度まで加熱し、炉冷をすることで最終的に157nmの透過率が優れた合成石英ガラスを得ることができる。
【0022】
第一段階の熱処理温度が1370Kより低いと、緻密化するための保持時間が24時間以上を必要とし、OH基が抜けすぎてOH基の残存量が10ppm以下となり、157nmの透過率が低下するという問題があり、1570Kより高いと焼結体中のOH基が除去される前に短時間で焼結体試料が緻密化するので、その後の熱処理では、OH基が充分に除去されず、製品中のOH基残留量が30ppm以上と多くなり、157nmの透過率が低下するという問題がある。そのため、第一段階の熱処理は、1400〜1570Kの温度域で3〜10時間保持し、昇温速度は、5〜15K/minとすることが好ましい。
【0023】
第二段階の熱処理において、焼結雰囲気の圧力が10−1Paより高いと、試料表面で不均一な結晶化が促進され、熱力学的に安定であるクリストバライト、β−石英の結晶相や準安定相のモガナイトが生成することにより透明度が悪くなるという問題がある。
【0024】
真空度が10−1 〜10−6Paの範囲ではモガナイトは熱力学的に不安定であり、蒸発する。すなわち、クリストバライト結晶相の結晶化速度より熱力学的に準安定相であるモガナイトモガナイトの結晶相の蒸発速度が大きいため、(1)式に示すようにモガナイトの結晶相の分解、蒸発が起こり、結晶化することなく、透明を維持した石英ガラス焼結体が得られるものと考えられる。したがって、第二段階の真空度は10−1 〜10−6Paの範囲であることが好ましく、より好ましくは10−2〜10−6Paの範囲である。
【化1】

Figure 2004018317
【0025】
第二段階の加熱焼結は、1700K以上であればよいが、1873K以上では粘性流動により型崩れが起こるので、ニアネットシェイプで所望の形状を得る目的には好ましくない。1700K以上に温度を上昇すると粘性流動により型崩れが起きるが、ニアネットシェイプの製品を必要としない切削加工を施す製品であれば、透明性に関しては全く問題はないので1700K以上で2000K迄上昇しても差し支えない。一方、1700K未満であると焼結が充分でなく、透明性が低下するので好ましくない。第二段階の昇温速度は5〜15K/minの速度であることが好ましい。第二段階での上記温度に保持する時間は通常、10時間以下の範囲が好ましい。
【0026】
本発明の合成石英ガラスは、上記製造方法により得られるものであるが、OH基含有量が10〜30ppmで、光路長10mmでFレーザー透過率が70%以上、好ましくは75%以上であることがよい。OH基含有量が上記範囲を外れると透明性の低下が生じる。
【0027】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により説明する。
【0028】
参考例1
メタノール溶液45重量部中に、水8重量部、アンモニア1重量部を含む30℃に保持した溶液中に攪拌条件下で、テトラメトキシシラン8重量部を滴下し、平均粒径300nmのシリカ粒子を含むシリカゾル溶液を合成した。シリカゾル溶液中の溶媒を蒸発させ、水を加えることにより、シリカ粒子分を30重量%に調節した水分散シリカゾルを得た。
このシリカゾル3重量部に攪拌条件下で、塩酸水溶液を加えpHを2.0に調整した後、攪拌条件下でテトラメトキシシラン略1重量部を加え、シリカゾル混合溶液を作成した。加えたテトラメトキシシランは水が存在する条件下で加水分解された。その後、このシリカゾル混合溶液にアンモニア水溶液を加えてpHを4.8に調節した後、密閉可能な円筒方容器にすばやく注型して静置すると略2時間でゲル化し、ウエットゲルを得た。
密閉容器のウエットゲルを室温で2日間、その後70℃に昇温して2日間放置すると、ゲルの脱水縮合によってゲルから水が放出された。この水を容器の外に捨てた後、密閉容器の蓋の代わりに、小孔を開けた蓋をし、乾燥器中70℃にて1週間かけてゲルの乾燥を行った。ついで、ドライゲルを容器から取り出し、大気中にて70℃から200℃まで70時間かけて昇温して乾燥を行いシリカ乾燥成形体を作成した。
【0029】
参考例2
メタノール溶液45重量部中に、水10重量部、アンモニア2重量部を含む20℃に保持した溶液中に攪拌条件下で、テトラメトキシシラン8重量部を滴下し、平均粒径1μmのシリカ粒子を含むシリカゾル溶液を合成した。シリカゾル溶液中の溶媒を蒸発させ、水とポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩有機分散剤(東亜合成社製:アロンA‐6114)を加えることにより、シリカ粒子分を75重量%に調節した水分散スリップを得て、石膏型でスリップキャストを行った。得られた成型体を一晩室温で乾燥後、成型体表面の石膏を接触した面を研磨除去したのち200℃まで70時間かけて昇温して乾燥を行いシリカ乾燥成形体を作成した。
【0030】
参考例3
メタノール溶液45重量部中に、水10重量部、アンモニア2重量部を含む20℃に保持した溶液中に攪拌条件下で、テトラメトキシシラン8重量部を滴下し、平均粒径1μmのシリカ粒子を含むシリカゾル溶液を合成した。シリカゾル溶液中の溶媒を蒸発させ、水とポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩有機分散剤(東亜合成製:アロンA‐6114)を加えることにより、シリカ粒子分を75重量%に調節した水分散スリップを得て、樹脂性多孔質型を用いた真空・加圧鋳込み成型法により成型体を得た。得られた成型体を一晩室温で乾燥後、200℃まで70時間かけて昇温して乾燥を行いシリカ乾燥成形体を作成した。
【0031】
実施例1
参考例1で得られたシリカ乾燥成形体を、OH基の除去を目的とした第一段階の熱処理として、10K/分の速度で昇温し、1550Kで6時間保持し脱水処理を行った。圧力は10−2Paとした。その後、透明化を目的とした第二段階の熱処理として、1550Kから5K/分の速度で昇温し、真空度を10‐Paに保ちながら1873Kまで昇温して、約1時間保持して、緻密化を行い、冷却して透明石英ガラス体を得た。透明石英ガラス焼結体から試料を切り出し両面研磨してOH基の残存量をIRスペクトルを用いてLambert−Beer式より求めたところ、30ppmであった。光路長10mmでFレーザー透過率を測定したところ、透過率が75%であった。
【0032】
実施例2
第二段階の熱処理として、真空度を10−2Paに保つ代わりに、真空度を10−4Paとして1873Kまで昇温する他は実施例1同様にして緻密化を行い、透明石英ガラス体を得た。実施例1と同様に測定したところ、OH基含有量が20ppmで、Fレーザー透過率が85%であった。
【0033】
実施例3
参考例2で得られたシリカ乾燥成形体をOH基の除去を目的とした第一段階の熱処理として、真空度を10−2Paに保ちながら、10K/分の速度で昇温し、1500Kで6時間保持し脱水処理を行い、その後透明化を目的とした第二段階の熱処理として、5K/分の速度で昇温し、真空度を10−3Paに保ちながら1873Kまで昇温し、約1時間保持して緻密化を行い透明石英ガラスを得た。実施例1と同様に測定したところ、OH基含有量が30ppmで、Fレーザー透過率が80%であった。
【0034】
実施例4
参考例3で得られたシリカ乾燥成形体をOH基の除去を目的とした第一段階の熱処理として、真空度を10−2Paに保ちながら、10K/分の速度で昇温し、1550Kで12時間保持し脱水処理を行い、その後透明化を目的とした第二段階の熱処理として、5K/分の速度で昇温し、真空度を10−3Paに保ちながら1873Kまで昇温し、約1時間保持して緻密化を行い透明石英ガラスを得た。実施例1と同様に測定したところ、OH基含有量が30ppmで、Fレーザー透過率が75%であった。
【0035】
比較例1
第二段階の熱処理として、真空度を10−3Paに保つ代わりに、大気圧において1873Kまで昇温する他は実施例1同様にして緻密化を行ったところ、冷却して得られた試料は透明ではなく、表面に白い結晶相が観察された。この結晶相をX線回折(XRD : CuKα、40 kV、40 mA)を用いて同定したところ、クリストバライトとβ−石英が認められた。
【0036】
比較例2
第二段階の熱処理として、真空度を10−3Paに保つ代わりに、脱水アルゴンガス雰囲気(減圧約10Pa)において1873Kまで昇温する他は実施例1同様にして緻密化を行ったところ、冷却して得られた試料は透明ではなく、表面に白い結晶相が観察された。この結晶相をX線回折(XRD : CuKα、40 kV、40 mA)を用いて同定したところ、石英鉱物の多形の一つであるモガナイトの結晶相が認められた。
また、比較例1及び2で得られた石英製品体は不透明であり、Fレーザー透過率はほぼ0%であった。
【0037】
比較例3
参考例1で得られたシリカ乾燥成形体を、1373〜1573Kでの保持を行わず、真空度を10−3Paに保ちながら10K/分の速度で連続して1873Kまで昇温し、約1時間保持して緻密化を行い、冷却して透明石英ガラス体を得た。透明石英ガラス焼結体から試料を切り出し両面研磨してOH基の残存量をIRスペクトルを用いてLambert−Beer式より求めたところ、100ppmであった。このことは1373〜1573Kの温度での脱水処理を行わなかったために、焼結体中のOH基が除去される前に短時間で焼結体試料が緻密化したためと推定される。光路長10mmでのFレーザー透過率は60%であった。
【0038】
比較例4
参考例1で得られたシリカ乾燥成形体を、OH基の除去を目的とした第一段階の熱処理として、真空度を10−2Paに保ちながら10K/分の速度で昇温し、1550Kで30時間保持し脱水処理を行い、その後透明化を目的とした第二段階の熱処理として、真空度を10−3Paに保ちながら10K/分の速度で連続して1873Kまで昇温し、約1時間保持して緻密化を行い、冷却して透明石英ガラス体を得た。透明石英ガラス焼結体から試料を切り出し両面研磨してOH基の残存量をIRスペクトルを用いてLambert−Beer式より求めたところ、1ppm以下であった。このことは1373〜1573Kの温度での保持時間が長すぎたために、緻密化する前に焼結体中のOH基が必要以上に除去されたためと推定される。光路長10mmで、Fレーザー透過率が55%であった。
【0039】
比較例5
乾燥成型体を、OH基の除去を目的とした第一段階の熱処理として、1550Kで保持する代わりに、1350Kで保持した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、透明石英ガラス体を得た。実施例1と同様に測定したところ、OH基含有量が100ppmで、Fレーザー透過率が55%であった。OH基の除去を目的とした第一段階の熱処理保持温度が低かったために、OH基が十分に除去されず、透過率が低下したと考えられる。
【0040】
比較例6
乾燥成型体を、OH基の除去を目的とした第一段階の熱処理として、1550Kで保持する代わりに、1600Kで保持した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、透明石英ガラス体を得た。実施例1と同様に測定したところ、OH基含有量が50ppmで、Fレーザー透過率が67%であった。OH基の除去を目的とした第一段階の熱処理保持温度が高かったために、OH基が除去される前に緻密化が進行し、透過率が低下した考えられる。
【0041】
実施例5
1873Kまで昇温して緻密化するところを、1900Kまで昇温して緻密化する以外は、実施例4と同様にして透明石英ガラス体を得た。得られた透明石英ガラス焼結体は、粘性流動により型崩れが起こったが、光路長10mmでFレーザー透過率が75%であった。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
本発明の製造方法で得られる透明石英ガラスは、157nm波長の透過率が高く、紫外域から真空紫外域でリソグラフィーなどに用いられるフォトマスク基板、ステッパーレンズ材、プリズム材、窓材、ランプ等の光学材料として有用である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a synthetic quartz glass useful as an optical material such as a photomask substrate, a stepper lens material, a prism material, a window material, and a lamp used in lithography or the like in an ultraviolet region to a vacuum ultraviolet region, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a light source in the ultraviolet to vacuum ultraviolet region, ArF excimer laser (193 nm), ArCl excimer laser (175 nm), F 2 There is an excimer laser (157 nm) and the like. A material that efficiently transmits short wavelength light in these regions is CaF 2 (Fluorite), but there is no established method for producing large bulks of good quality.
[0003]
By a flame hydrolysis method of silicon tetrachloride, an OH group-containing white soot body is prepared, and heat-treated in a fluorine-containing gas atmosphere to replace the OH group with fluorine to form a fluorine-doped white soot body. Synthetic quartz glass doped with fluorine obtained by performing a vitrification process is known (for example, JP-A-2000-239040, JP-A-2001-151531, and JP-A-2001-247318). Since these fluorine-doped synthetic quartz glasses lower the refractive index, they not only have a problem of causing striae and a refractive index distribution, but also have a problem of generating absorption bands at 7.6 eV and 5.0 eV with heat treatment. There is. In addition, there is also a problem that when laser irradiation is performed on fluorine-doped quartz glass, highly corrosive fluorine is released.
[0004]
In JP-A-2001-146434, a soot body similarly obtained by the soot method is subjected to a two-stage heat treatment, and the metal impurity concentration is 50 ppb or less in total, and the OH group content is 1 to 70 ppm and is made of synthetic silica glass. An optical material for ultraviolet rays and a method for producing the same have been proposed. The two-step heat treatment method includes a first step heat treatment in a suitable gas atmosphere at a temperature lower than or equal to transparent vitrification for a certain period of time, and a second step heat treatment step of the heat-treated porous material. It consists of a step of turning the base material into a transparent glass. Therefore, the one-step heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 1200 to 1350 ° C. at a maximum temperature of 16 hours to 216 hours, which requires a long time. It is considered that this takes a long time to heat-treat the soot body having a low bulk density as a soot body using silicon tetrachloride as a starting material. In addition, the soot body has a problem that it takes a long time to manufacture the soot body itself while depositing soot little by little, a problem that the volumetric efficiency of the heat treatment equipment is low due to a large shrinkage due to densification, and Since the soot body has a low bulk density, the density distribution tends to fluctuate even after densification by heat treatment.As a result, it is difficult to obtain a material with a uniform refractive index. There is a problem that it is difficult to do. These problems become more serious as the soot becomes larger.
[0005]
In these methods, regardless of the presence or absence of fluorine doping, all methods use silicon tetrachloride as a starting material and form a soot body by a soot method. When chlorine is used as a raw material, Cl is likely to remain in quartz glass, SiCl becomes a precursor to generate an E ′ center, and the transmittance of ultraviolet light decreases because SiCl has absorption in a wavelength range of 157 nm. There is a problem.
[0006]
On the other hand, a method of producing synthetic quartz glass by subjecting silicon alkoxide to silica gel by a sol-gel method using a sol-gel method as a raw material (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 7-277744), The method of producing synthetic quartz glass by heat treatment (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-189427) has the potential to produce synthetic quartz glass at a lower cost with higher production efficiency than the soot method. UV transmittance, especially F 2 There is no report that a practical level of quality can be provided in the transmittance at 157 nm, which is the wavelength of an excimer laser.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention relates to the transmittance from the ultraviolet region to the vacuum ultraviolet region, 2 An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a synthetic quartz glass as an optical material which is excellent in transmittance at 157 nm which is the wavelength of an excimer laser, stability by excimer laser irradiation, refractive index distribution, striae, and the like.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Silica gel prepared by the sol-gel method using silicon alkoxide as a raw material, and dried silica molded product prepared by a slip casting method using silica particles prepared by various methods as raw materials, have a higher bulk density than the soot body prepared by the soot method. Is high and, unlike the soot method, the starting material does not contain chlorine, so that heat treatment for forming a transparent quartz glass is easy, and even in the manufactured transparent quartz glass, the refractive index distribution is low. It has the advantage of being inherently superior in less pods. The present inventors utilize a silica dry molded body prepared by a wet method using silicon alkoxide and / or silica particles instead of the soot body by the soot method, and examine the heat treatment conditions thereof to obtain a vacuum from the ultraviolet region. It is possible to provide a practical level of quality in the transmittance in the ultraviolet region, particularly in the transmittance at 157 nm.
[0009]
That is, the present invention provides a method for producing a dense transparent synthetic quartz glass by heat-treating a dried silica compact prepared using high-purity silica sol or high-purity silica sol and silicon alkoxide as raw materials, wherein the heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 1370 to 1570K. Sintering performed under conditions of 3 to 24 hours, and then 10 -1 And a densification treatment performed at a pressure of 1700K or more at an atmospheric pressure of Pa or less. Here, the dry molded body is obtained by a sol-gel method, a slip casting method or a vacuum / pressure casting method, or the transparent synthetic quartz glass has an OH content of 10 to 30 ppm and an optical path of 10mm long and F 2 It is a preferable example that the laser light transmittance is 70% or more.
[0010]
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Examining the relationship between the transmittance at 157 nm and the amount of OH contained in the quartz glass, the transmittance increased with a decrease in the amount of OH groups, and showed a transmittance of 75% or more in the range of 10 to 30 ppm of OH groups. Further, when the OH group content was reduced to 1 ppm, the transmittance decreased. Quartz glass having an OH group content of 1 ppm or less or from which OH groups have been completely removed has an absorption due to ODC (I) oxygen deficiency at a wavelength of 163 nm and an absorption based on a Si-Si Reedberg transition at a wavelength of 185 nm. It was found that the temperature rapidly decreased (55% or less). Further, it has been found that it is preferable that the quartz glass contains a trace amount of OH groups, preferably 10 ppm to 30 ppm, so that the transmittance at 157 nm is 70% or more. The inventors have found that the OH group content can be set within a predetermined range by strictly controlling the firing conditions of the silica dry molded article obtained by the wet method.
[0011]
A known method can be used for preparing a silica gel or a silica dry molded product using high-purity silica sol or high-purity silica sol and silicon alkoxide as raw materials. Since this method is performed by a wet method, it is also called a wet method. Preferred wet methods include a sol-gel method, a slip casting method and a vacuum / pressure casting method. These are known in the publications and the like, but there are various modifications that are not described, and these can also be used.
[0012]
Usually, alkoxysilane or alkoxysilane and silica sol are used in the sol-gel method, and silica sol is used in the slip casting method and the vacuum / pressure casting method. Sol means a substance having a relatively low concentration, and slip means a substance having a concentration of about 80%, but the boundary between these concentrations is not strict. Note that the slip usually contains a dispersant to generate fluidity. Sols and slips are distinguished by differences in concentration and molding method, but both are common in that silica particles are dispersed in water.
[0013]
The dry molded body of silica used in the synthetic quartz glass production method of the present invention can be obtained by a sol-gel method, a slip cast method or a vacuum, a pressure casting method, and these production methods are as described in the above-mentioned literature. Any known method can be adopted. The above three methods are common in that all are wet methods and there is a drying step in which the liquid is blown off after molding. The primary particles of the soot method are nanoparticles of several tens of nanometers, and the density of the compact is low and porous. However, in the wet method, since the primary particle diameter is submicron, the sinterability due to the difference in the size is small. Expected to make a difference. That is, it is expected that the nanoparticles are easily sintered at a lower temperature, and if the sintering is performed before the OH groups fly, it becomes difficult to remove OH. Among the above wet methods, a sol-gel method is an advantageous method.
[0014]
As described above, the sol-gel method, the slip casting method and the vacuum / pressure casting method all include a step of handling silica sol in which silica particles are suspended in a wet method, and the particle size is in the range of several tens nm to μm. However, so-called nanoparticles of several tens nm to 100 nm have too high a viscosity of the sol, so that it is difficult to increase the concentration thereof. Therefore, the so-called nanoparticles of 100 to 1000 nm are suitable for the slip casting method and the vacuum / pressure casting method. Submicron particles (hereinafter, submicron particles).
[0015]
The smaller the particles, the greater the effect of the force acting between the particles (the inverse of the square of the distance) acting between the particles and the earth. is there. That is, it is impossible to obtain nanoparticles as a dry powder without agglomeration, and an aggregated structure is formed, resulting in a porous molded body (soot body) having a low bulk density and far from close packing. On the other hand, sub-cron particles also tend to agglomerate, but since they are lower than nanoparticles, the bulk density of packing increases. Furthermore, it is also possible to add a dispersing agent so as not to cause aggregation and to perform wet molding, so that a molded article having a higher bulk density can be obtained. Also, when molding by wet processing as in this method, since solid particles are charged with static electricity in the solvent, electrostatic repulsion works between the particles and it is difficult to aggregate, so it is possible to perform filling molding with higher density. It is possible.
[0016]
In the sol-gel method described in the above publication, since silica sol is used in addition to the alkoxide raw material, the bulk specific gravity increases, but the bulk density decreases in the sol-gel method using only the alkoxide raw material without using particles. The sintering characteristics at the time of heating are different between a molded body having a low bulk density and a molded body having a high bulk density, and particularly, the heat shrinkability is different. If the heat shrinkage is large, cracks occur and it is difficult to obtain quartz glass having a predetermined shape. For example, in the sol-gel method described in the above publication, the bulk density of the dry gel is around 1, but in the supercritical dry sol-gel method, the bulk density (g / cm 3 ) Is about 0.5 or less. Therefore, it is preferable that the bulk density of the dry gel is 0.8 or more, preferably 1.0 or more, using a silica sol in addition to the alkoxide raw material in the sol-gel method. Further, in the slip casting or the casting method, since silica sol is mainly used, the bulk density of the dried silica compact is higher than that of the sol-gel method, and is about 1.5.
[0017]
A silica dry molded body of silica prepared by a wet method, preferably a sol-gel method, a slip casting method or a vacuum / pressure casting method, has a bulk density of 0.8 to 1.7 g / cm. 3 It is preferable that it is above. Further, the dried silica molded body is obtained by putting a material obtained by a wet method into a container or a mold having a predetermined shape, preferably a water-absorbing or water-permeable mold, and drying it to obtain a dry gel or a dried body. The thus obtained dried silica product can be taken out of the container and further dried or polished as required. In the sol-gel method, silica gel is produced, and thus it may be referred to as a dry gel molded body.
[0018]
In the method for producing a transparent synthetic quartz glass of the present invention, the dried silica compact is heated and sintered. At this time, the temperature is maintained at a temperature of 1370 to 1570K for 3 to 24 hours, and -1 While maintaining the atmospheric pressure of Pa or less, the temperature is raised to 1700K or more to densify. Hereinafter, the former heat treatment is referred to as a first-stage heat treatment, and the latter heat treatment is referred to as a second-stage heat treatment.
[0019]
Although the heat treatment in the first stage is not particularly limited, the main purpose is to remove OH groups, and the temperature is preferably raised at a rate of 5 to 15 K / min. The heat treatment temperature is 1370 to 1570K, preferably 1400 to 1570K, more preferably 1450 to 1560K, and the temperature range, the heat treatment time is 3 to 24 hours, preferably 4 to 15 hours, more preferably 5 to 14 hours, It is preferable to perform a dehydration treatment so that the OH group content falls within a predetermined range. The pressure at this time is 10 Pa to 10 Pa in order to remove bubbles in the compact and to prevent the formation of cristobalite at a temperature of 1270 K or more. -5 Pa, preferably 1 Pa to 10 -3 It is advantageous to reduce the pressure to about Pa.
[0020]
The heat treatment in the second stage is not particularly limited, but is mainly performed for the purpose of transparency, and the temperature is preferably increased at a rate of 3 to 15 K / min, preferably 4 to 10 K / min. The second-stage heat treatment is performed after the first-stage heat treatment, but may be performed successively without significantly lowering the temperature. At this time, the pressure is 10 -1 Pa or less, preferably 10 -2 -10 -6 It is preferable to increase the temperature to 1700 K or more, preferably 1800 to 1880 K, at a pressure of Pa to perform the densification. The heating and holding time at this time may be as short as 10 hours or less, preferably about 0.5 to 3 hours, and when the temperature reaches a predetermined maximum temperature, the temperature is reduced at the same rate as the above-mentioned temperature rising rate range. May be.
By this heat treatment, the OH group content is 10 to 30 ppm, the optical path length is 10 mm, and the F 2 It is possible to produce a synthetic quartz glass having a laser transmittance of 75% or more.
[0021]
First, with respect to the first-stage heat treatment pattern for the purpose of removing OH groups, the particles are held for a predetermined time at a temperature in the initial stage of sintering before closed pores are formed by densification while uniformly progressing grain growth. Thereby, the OH group residual amount in the product can be set to 10 to 30 ppm. Then, in the second stage, by heat treatment, under reduced pressure, at a predetermined heating rate, at a predetermined heating rate, heating to a predetermined temperature, and cooling in a furnace, finally it is possible to obtain a synthetic quartz glass having an excellent transmittance of 157 nm. it can.
[0022]
When the heat treatment temperature in the first stage is lower than 1370K, the holding time for densification requires 24 hours or more, the OH groups are excessively removed, the residual amount of the OH groups becomes 10 ppm or less, and the transmittance at 157 nm decreases. If the temperature is higher than 1570K, the sintered body sample is densified in a short time before the OH groups in the sintered body are removed. There is a problem that the residual amount of OH groups in the medium is increased to 30 ppm or more, and the transmittance at 157 nm is reduced. Therefore, the first-stage heat treatment is preferably performed in a temperature range of 1400 to 1570 K for 3 to 10 hours, and the rate of temperature rise is preferably 5 to 15 K / min.
[0023]
In the second stage heat treatment, the pressure of the sintering atmosphere is 10 -1 If the pressure is higher than Pa, uneven crystallization is promoted on the sample surface, and cristobalite, which is thermodynamically stable, and a crystal phase of β-quartz and a metastable phase of moganite are generated. is there.
[0024]
Vacuum degree is 10 -1 -10 -6 In the range of Pa, moganite is thermodynamically unstable and evaporates. That is, since the evaporation rate of the moganite moganite crystal phase, which is thermodynamically metastable, is higher than the crystallization rate of the cristobalite crystal phase, the decomposition and evaporation of the moganite crystal phase are performed as shown in equation (1). It is considered that a quartz glass sintered body that occurs and does not crystallize and maintains transparency is obtained. Therefore, the degree of vacuum in the second stage is 10 -1 -10 -6 Pa, more preferably 10 Pa. -2 -10 -6 Pa range.
Embedded image
Figure 2004018317
[0025]
The heat sintering in the second stage may be performed at 1700K or more. However, at 1873K or more, shape collapse occurs due to viscous flow, which is not preferable for the purpose of obtaining a desired shape by near net shape. When the temperature is raised to 1700K or more, the shape collapses due to viscous flow. However, if the product is subjected to a cutting process that does not require a near net shape product, there is no problem with transparency at all, so it increases to 2000K at 1700K or more. No problem. On the other hand, if the temperature is less than 1700K, sintering is not sufficient, and the transparency is undesirably reduced. The temperature raising rate in the second stage is preferably a rate of 5 to 15 K / min. Usually, the time for maintaining the above temperature in the second stage is preferably within a range of 10 hours or less.
[0026]
The synthetic quartz glass of the present invention is obtained by the above manufacturing method, but has an OH group content of 10 to 30 ppm, an optical path length of 10 mm and F 2 The laser transmittance is 70% or more, preferably 75% or more. When the OH group content is out of the above range, transparency is reduced.
[0027]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.
[0028]
Reference Example 1
Under stirring conditions, 8 parts by weight of tetramethoxysilane was dropped into a solution containing 8 parts by weight of water and 1 part by weight of ammonia in 45 parts by weight of a methanol solution, and silica particles having an average particle diameter of 300 nm were dropped. The silica sol solution containing was synthesized. The solvent in the silica sol solution was evaporated, and water was added to obtain a water-dispersed silica sol having a silica particle content adjusted to 30% by weight.
A hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was added to 3 parts by weight of the silica sol to adjust the pH to 2.0, and then approximately 1 part by weight of tetramethoxysilane was added under stirring to prepare a silica sol mixed solution. The added tetramethoxysilane was hydrolyzed in the presence of water. Thereafter, an aqueous ammonia solution was added to the silica sol mixed solution to adjust the pH to 4.8, and the mixture was quickly poured into a sealable cylindrical container and allowed to stand, and gelled in about 2 hours to obtain a wet gel.
When the wet gel in the closed container was left at room temperature for 2 days and then heated to 70 ° C. for 2 days, water was released from the gel by dehydration condensation of the gel. After the water was discarded out of the container, a lid having a small hole was put in place of the lid of the closed container, and the gel was dried in a dryer at 70 ° C. for one week. Next, the dry gel was taken out of the container, and the temperature was increased from 70 ° C. to 200 ° C. in the air over 70 hours and dried to prepare a dried silica compact.
[0029]
Reference Example 2
To 45 parts by weight of a methanol solution, 8 parts by weight of tetramethoxysilane was dropped under stirring with a solution containing 10 parts by weight of water and 2 parts by weight of ammonia and kept at 20 ° C. The silica sol solution containing was synthesized. By evaporating the solvent in the silica sol solution and adding water and an organic dispersant of ammonium polycarboxylate (Alon A-6114, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.), an aqueous dispersion slip having a silica particle content adjusted to 75% by weight was obtained. Then, slip casting was performed using a plaster mold. After the obtained molded body was dried overnight at room temperature, the surface of the molded body in contact with the gypsum was polished and removed, and then heated to 200 ° C. over 70 hours and dried to prepare a silica dried molded body.
[0030]
Reference Example 3
To 45 parts by weight of a methanol solution, 8 parts by weight of tetramethoxysilane was dropped under stirring with a solution containing 10 parts by weight of water and 2 parts by weight of ammonia and kept at 20 ° C. The silica sol solution containing was synthesized. By evaporating the solvent in the silica sol solution and adding water and an organic dispersant of polycarboxylic acid ammonium salt (Alon A-6114 manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.), an aqueous dispersion slip having a silica particle content adjusted to 75% by weight was obtained. A molded product was obtained by a vacuum / pressure casting method using a resinous porous mold. The obtained molded body was dried overnight at room temperature, and then heated to 200 ° C. over 70 hours and dried to prepare a dried silica molded body.
[0031]
Example 1
The dried silica compact obtained in Reference Example 1 was subjected to a dehydration treatment by raising the temperature at a rate of 10 K / min and maintaining the temperature at 1550 K for 6 hours as a first stage heat treatment for the purpose of removing OH groups. Pressure is 10 -2 Pa. Then, as a second stage heat treatment for the purpose of transparency, the temperature was raised from 1550K at a rate of 5K / min, and the degree of vacuum was increased to 10- 2 The temperature was raised to 1873K while maintaining the pressure at Pa, and the temperature was maintained for about 1 hour to densify and cool to obtain a transparent quartz glass body. A sample was cut out of the transparent quartz glass sintered body, polished on both sides, and the residual amount of OH groups was determined from the Lambert-Beer equation using an IR spectrum. The result was 30 ppm. F with an optical path length of 10 mm 2 When the laser transmittance was measured, the transmittance was 75%.
[0032]
Example 2
As the second stage heat treatment, the degree of vacuum is set to 10 -2 Instead of keeping the vacuum at 10 Pa -4 Densification was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature was raised to 1873K as Pa, and a transparent quartz glass body was obtained. When measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the OH group content was 20 ppm and F 2 The laser transmittance was 85%.
[0033]
Example 3
The dried silica compact obtained in Reference Example 2 was subjected to a first stage heat treatment for removing OH groups, and the degree of vacuum was set to 10 -2 While maintaining the pressure Pa, the temperature was increased at a rate of 10 K / min, and the temperature was maintained at 1500 K for 6 hours to perform dehydration treatment. Then, as a second heat treatment for the purpose of clarification, the temperature was increased at a rate of 5 K / min. Vacuum 10 -3 The temperature was raised to 1873K while maintaining the pressure at Pa, and the temperature was maintained for about 1 hour for densification to obtain a transparent quartz glass. When measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the OH group content was 30 ppm and F 2 The laser transmittance was 80%.
[0034]
Example 4
The dried silica compact obtained in Reference Example 3 was subjected to a first stage heat treatment for the purpose of removing OH groups, and the degree of vacuum was 10 -2 While maintaining the pressure Pa, the temperature was increased at a rate of 10 K / min, and held at 1550 K for 12 hours to perform a dehydration treatment. Then, as a second stage heat treatment for the purpose of clarification, the temperature was increased at a rate of 5 K / min. Vacuum 10 -3 The temperature was raised to 1873K while maintaining the pressure at Pa, and the temperature was maintained for about 1 hour for densification to obtain a transparent quartz glass. When measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the OH group content was 30 ppm and F 2 The laser transmittance was 75%.
[0035]
Comparative Example 1
As the second stage heat treatment, the degree of vacuum is set to 10 -3 Densification was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature was raised to 1873K at atmospheric pressure instead of keeping at Pa. The sample obtained by cooling was not transparent, and a white crystal phase was observed on the surface. . When this crystal phase was identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD: CuKα, 40 kV, 40 mA), cristobalite and β-quartz were recognized.
[0036]
Comparative Example 2
As the second stage heat treatment, the degree of vacuum is set to 10 -3 Densification was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature was raised to 1873 K in a dehydrated argon gas atmosphere (reduced pressure of about 10 Pa) instead of keeping at Pa. The sample obtained by cooling was not transparent, A white crystalline phase was observed. When this crystal phase was identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD: CuKα, 40 kV, 40 mA), a crystal phase of moganite, which is one of the polymorphs of quartz mineral, was recognized.
Further, the quartz product bodies obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were opaque, and F 2 The laser transmittance was almost 0%.
[0037]
Comparative Example 3
The dried silica compact obtained in Reference Example 1 was maintained at 1373 to 1573 K and the degree of vacuum was 10 -3 The temperature was continuously raised to 1873 K at a rate of 10 K / min while maintaining the pressure at Pa, and maintained for about 1 hour to perform densification, followed by cooling to obtain a transparent quartz glass body. A sample was cut out from the transparent quartz glass sintered body, polished on both sides, and the residual amount of OH groups was determined from the Lambert-Beer equation using an IR spectrum. The result was 100 ppm. This is presumed to be because the dehydration treatment at a temperature of 1373 to 1573K was not performed, and the sintered body sample was densified in a short time before the OH groups in the sintered body were removed. F at an optical path length of 10 mm 2 The laser transmittance was 60%.
[0038]
Comparative Example 4
The dried silica product obtained in Reference Example 1 was subjected to a first stage heat treatment for the purpose of removing OH groups, and the degree of vacuum was 10 -2 The temperature was increased at a rate of 10 K / min while maintaining the pressure at 1 Pa, and the temperature was maintained at 1550 K for 30 hours to perform a dehydration treatment. -3 The temperature was continuously raised to 1873 K at a rate of 10 K / min while maintaining the pressure at Pa, and maintained for about 1 hour to perform densification, followed by cooling to obtain a transparent quartz glass body. A sample was cut out from the transparent quartz glass sintered body, polished on both sides, and the residual amount of OH groups was determined from the Lambert-Beer equation using an IR spectrum. The result was 1 ppm or less. This is presumably because the holding time at the temperature of 1373 to 1573K was too long, and the OH groups in the sintered body were removed more than necessary before densification. With an optical path length of 10 mm, F 2 The laser transmittance was 55%.
[0039]
Comparative Example 5
A transparent quartz glass body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dried molded body was held at 1350 K instead of holding at 1550 K as a first-stage heat treatment for the purpose of removing OH groups. When measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the OH group content was 100 ppm and F 2 The laser transmittance was 55%. It is considered that the OH group was not sufficiently removed and the transmittance decreased because the first-step heat treatment holding temperature for the purpose of removing the OH group was low.
[0040]
Comparative Example 6
A transparent quartz glass body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dried molded body was held at 1600 K instead of holding at 1550 K as a first stage heat treatment for the purpose of removing OH groups. When measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the OH group content was 50 ppm and F 2 The laser transmittance was 67%. It is considered that the densification progressed before the OH groups were removed due to the high first-step heat treatment holding temperature for the purpose of removing the OH groups, and the transmittance decreased.
[0041]
Example 5
A transparent quartz glass body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the temperature was raised to 1873K to densify, but the temperature was raised to 1900K to densify. The resulting transparent quartz glass sintered body lost its shape due to viscous flow. 2 The laser transmittance was 75%.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
The transparent quartz glass obtained by the production method of the present invention has a high transmittance at a wavelength of 157 nm, and is used for a photomask substrate, a stepper lens material, a prism material, a window material, a lamp, and the like used for lithography in an ultraviolet region to a vacuum ultraviolet region. Useful as an optical material.

Claims (3)

高純度シリカゾル又は高純度シリカゾルとシリコンアルコキシドを原料として調製されたシリカ乾燥成形体を、熱処理して緻密な透明合成石英ガラスを製造する方法において、熱処理が1370〜1570Kの温度で3〜24時間の条件で行う焼結処理と、その後10−1Pa以下の雰囲気圧力で、1700K以上の条件で行う緻密化処理とを有することを特徴とする透明合成石英ガラスの製造方法。In a method for producing a dense transparent synthetic quartz glass by heat-treating a dried silica compact prepared using high-purity silica sol or high-purity silica sol and silicon alkoxide as raw materials, the heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 1370 to 1570 K for 3 to 24 hours. A method for producing a transparent synthetic quartz glass, comprising a sintering process performed under conditions and a densification process performed under an atmosphere pressure of 10 -1 Pa or less and at a temperature of 1700 K or more. シリカ乾燥成形体が、ゾル‐ゲル法、スリップキャスト法又は真空・加圧鋳込み形成法により得られたものである請求項1記載の透明合成石英ガラスの製造方法。2. The method for producing a transparent synthetic quartz glass according to claim 1, wherein the dried silica molded article is obtained by a sol-gel method, a slip casting method or a vacuum / pressure casting method. 透明合成石英ガラスのOH含有量が10〜30ppmで、光路長10mmでのFレーザー光透過率が70%以上である請求項1記載の透明合成石英ガラスの製造方法。In 10~30ppm is OH content of transparent synthetic quartz glass manufacturing process of transparent synthetic quartz glass according to claim 1, wherein F 2 laser light transmission of the optical path length 10mm is 70% or more.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPWO2006006422A1 (en) * 2004-07-13 2008-04-24 日本碍子株式会社 Method for producing ceramic porous body
JP2013075827A (en) * 2005-11-07 2013-04-25 Corning Inc Deuteroxyl-doped silica glass, optical member and lithographic system comprising the glass and method for making the glass
WO2023080306A1 (en) * 2021-11-03 2023-05-11 목포대학교산학협력단 Method for producing transparent silica sintered body using amorphous silica nanopowder

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPWO2006006422A1 (en) * 2004-07-13 2008-04-24 日本碍子株式会社 Method for producing ceramic porous body
JP5118345B2 (en) * 2004-07-13 2013-01-16 日本碍子株式会社 Method for producing ceramic porous body
JP2013075827A (en) * 2005-11-07 2013-04-25 Corning Inc Deuteroxyl-doped silica glass, optical member and lithographic system comprising the glass and method for making the glass
JP2017186254A (en) * 2005-11-07 2017-10-12 コーニング インコーポレイテッド Deuteroxyl-doped quartz glass, optical member having the glass, lithography system, and method for producing the glass
WO2023080306A1 (en) * 2021-11-03 2023-05-11 목포대학교산학협력단 Method for producing transparent silica sintered body using amorphous silica nanopowder

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