JP2004018782A - Expandable polystyrene resin particles - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【技術分野】
本発明は,スチレン,トルエン等の芳香族炭化水素類の含有量が少なく,優れた発泡性を有しており,得られる発泡成形体が高い強度を有するとともに優れた柔軟性を有する発泡成形体を製造することができる,発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子に関する。
【0002】
【従来技術】
スチレン系の発泡成形体は,スチレン系樹脂に発泡剤および発泡性改良のための可塑剤を添加して発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子を作製し,これを予備発泡した後に金型内で発泡成形することにより得られる。この発泡成形体は,優れた緩衝性,断熱性を有し,成形も容易で,さらに比較的安価な材料であるため,包装材,断熱材として広く用いられている。
【0003】
従来,発泡剤としては,ペンタンやブタン等の炭化水素が用いられている。可塑剤としては,発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子中に残存させたスチレンや,少量添加されたトルエンやキシレン,またシクロヘキサン等の有機溶剤が広く利用されている。このような発泡剤や可塑剤の多くは,揮発性有機化合物である。
【0004】
従来,発泡剤や可塑剤として機能する揮発性有機化合物は,平均して,スチレン系樹脂粒子に対して6〜9重量%含有されており,貯蔵,発泡,成形,加工等の各プロセスにおいて徐々に大気中に放出される。
【0005】
【解決しようとする課題】
最近,地球環境に対する配慮から,発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子中の発泡剤や有機溶剤を減量する試みがなされている。例えば,特開平4−268347号,特開平6−80708号,特開平10−17698号には,残存スチレンやベンゼンの含有量が少ない発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子及びその製造法が開示されている。
【0006】
また,従来,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子においては,スチレン系樹脂に対して優れた可塑効果を有するスチレン,トルエン,キシレン,エチルベンゼン,プロピルベンゼン,フタル酸エステル類といった芳香族炭化水素類等が可塑剤として用いられている。
【0007】
上記のように,近年,環境衛生に対する配慮から,上記のスチレン,トルエン等の芳香族炭化水素類の放散量の少ない材料の要望が強くなっている。
しかしながら,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子において,これら芳香族成分の含有量を単に低下させてしまうと,発泡性樹脂粒子の発泡性が悪くなったり,成形時における予備発泡粒子同士の融着が低下するという問題がある。
また,その対策としてスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子の基材樹脂の分子量を低下させることも考えられるが,この場合には機械的強度が低下するという問題があった。
【0008】
本発明はかかる従来の問題点に鑑み,スチレン,トルエン等の芳香族炭化水素類の含有量及び放散量が少なく,優れた発泡性を有しており,得られる発泡成形体が高い強度と柔軟性を有する発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子を提供しようとするものである。
【0009】
【課題の解決手段】
請求項1記載の発明は,重量平均分子量が20万〜40万のスチレン系樹脂と,該スチレン系樹脂100重量%に対して,
発泡剤として沸点が90℃以下の有機化合物が3〜10重量%と,
可塑剤として常温で液体の脂肪酸エステル0.01〜2重量%と常温で固体のパラフィン0.01〜2重量%とを含有することを特徴とする発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子である。
【0010】
本発明によれば,上記特定のスチレン系樹脂と,該スチレン系樹脂100重量%に対して上記発泡剤と可塑剤とを上記重量%の範囲で含有している。
そのため,スチレン,トルエン,キシレン,エチルベンゼン,プロピルベンゼン,フタル酸エステル類の1種以上からなる芳香族炭化水素類の含有量が少なく,優れた発泡性を有しており,得られる発泡成形体が高い強度と優れた柔軟性を有するとともに外観が良く,収縮しにくい,発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子を提供することができる。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
請求項1の発明において,上記スチレン系樹脂は,重量平均分子量が20万〜40万である。これにより,高い発泡性を維持しつつ,優れた強度を有する発泡成形体を作成することができる。上記重量平均分子量はGPC(Gel Permeation Chromatography;ゲル パ−ミエ−ション クロマトグラフィ−)法により測定した値である。
【0012】
上記重量平均分子量が20万未満では,得られる発泡成形体の強度が低下するおそれがある。一方,重量平均分子量が40万を超えると,発泡性が低下し,目標の発泡倍率(例えば50〜60倍)まで発泡させることが困難になったり,成形時に発泡粒子同士が融着しにくくなり,発泡成形体の強度が低下するおそれがある。
より好ましくは,スチレン系樹脂粒子の重量平均分子量は20万〜38万,更に好ましくは22万から35万である。
【0013】
次に,発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子の中には,上記スチレン系樹脂100重量%に対して,発泡剤として機能する沸点が90℃以下の有機化合物が,3〜10重量%含有されている。
上記発泡剤として,沸点が90℃以下の有機化合物としては,例えばプロパン,ノルマルブタン,イソブタン,ノルマルペンタン,イソペンタン,ネオペンタン,ヘキサン等の脂肪族炭化水素,シクロブタン,シクロペンタン等の脂環系炭化水素等の炭素数3〜6個の炭化水素化合物,アセトン,メチルエチルケトン等のケトン類,メタノール,エタノール,イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール類がある。
【0014】
上記有機化合物の含有量が3重量%未満では,発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子の発泡性が低下し,目標の発泡倍率まで発泡させることが困難になるおそれがある。10重量%を超えると,ポリスチレン樹脂に対する溶解性に限界があるため経済的に無駄であり,さらに大気中に放出される揮発性有機化合物の量が多くなり,大気環境を汚染する恐れがある。
なお,より好ましくは,上記発泡剤の含有量は,3〜8重量%である。
【0015】
また,本発明にかかる発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子を製造するに当っては,スチレン系単量体を重合開始剤及び懸濁剤と界面活性剤の存在下で水性媒体中に分散させた後に重合反応を開始し,懸濁重合中に発泡剤を添加したり,または懸濁重合完了後に発泡剤を含浸させることができる。
スチレン系単量体を水性媒体に分散させる際には,予め両者を一括して仕込んでもよいし,徐々に添加しながら行ってもよい。
【0016】
次に,発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子の中には,スチレン系樹脂100重量%に対して,可塑剤として機能する常温で液体の脂肪酸エステルが0.01〜2重量%含有されている。
上記脂肪酸エステルの含有量が0.01重量%未満では可塑効果が少なく,発泡成形体作製の際に目標の発泡倍率まで発泡させることが困難になる。
一方,2重量%を超えると,得られる発泡成形体の強度や耐熱性が低下し,製造コストも高くなるおそれがある。
なお,より好ましくは,上記脂肪酸エステルの含有量は0.1〜1.5重量%である。また,上記常温とは,10〜30℃をいう。
【0017】
上記常温で液体の脂肪酸エステルとしては,カプロン酸,カプリル酸,カプリン酸,ラウリン酸,オレイン酸,ミリスチン酸,パルミチン酸,ステアリン酸等のグリセリドが挙げられ,具体例としては,脂肪酸1価アルコールエステルとして,2−エチルヘキサン酸セチル,ヤシ脂肪酸メチル,ラウリン酸メチル,ミリスチン酸イソプロピル,パルミチン酸イソプロピル,パルミチン酸2−エチルヘキシル,牛脂脂肪酸メチル,ミリスチン酸オクチルドデシル,ステアリン酸ブチル,ステアリン酸2−エチルヘキシル,ステアリン酸イソトリデシル,カプリン酸メチル,ミリスチン酸メチル,オレイン酸メチル,オレイン酸イソブチル,オレイン酸オクチル,オレイン酸ラウリル,オレイン酸オレイル,オレイン酸2−エチルヘキシル,オレイン酸デシル,オレイン酸オクチルドデシル,オレイン酸イソブチル等,多価アルコールの脂肪酸エステルとして,ソルビタンモノラウレート,ソルビタンモノオレエート,ソルビタントリオレエート,ソルビタンセスキオレエート等,グリセリンの脂肪酸エステルとしてオレイン酸モノグリセリド,オレイン酸ジグリセリド,2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド,カプリル酸モノグリセリド,カプリル酸ジグリセリド,カプリル酸トリグリセリド等が挙げられる。この中でも,可塑性に優れている脂肪酸1価アルコールエステルやトリグリセリドを可塑剤として使用することが好ましい。
上記常温で液体の脂肪酸エステルを可塑剤として使用する場合,発泡性,成形品の柔軟性などは優れるが,常温で液体であるため常に可塑効果があり添加量を増やすと成形品の表面外観や耐熱性が悪化しやすい傾向があり,また発泡性スチレン系樹脂より得られた発泡成形体が収縮しやすくなるおそれがあるという欠点を持つ。
【0018】
また,発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子の中には,上記常温で液体の脂肪酸エステルと併用して,スチレン系樹脂100重量%に対して,可塑剤として機能する常温で固体のパラフィンが0.01〜2重量%含有されている。
上記常温で固体のパラフィンのみを可塑剤として使用すると,比較的高温となる発泡時および成形時には,パラフィンが可塑剤として働き発泡性・成形性の改善に寄与する。しかし,発泡成形体となったときは,樹脂内で上記パラフィンが凝集するため,成形品強度や耐熱性の低下は常温で液体の脂肪酸エステルと比べ小さく,成形品は収縮し難いが,得られた発泡成形体の柔軟性が劣るおそれがある。
【0019】
上記常温で固体のパラフィンの含有量が0.01重量%未満では可塑効果が少なく,発泡成形体作製の際に目標の発泡倍率まで発泡させることが困難になる。一方,2重量%を超えると,得られる発泡成形体の強度や耐熱性が低下し,製造コストも高くなるおそれがある。なお,より好ましくは,上記常温で固体のパラフィンの含有量は0.1〜1.5重量%である。また,上記常温とは10〜30℃をいう。
【0020】
上記常温で固体のパラフィンは,主としてn―パラフィンからなっており,平均炭素数が20〜48であり,融点が47℃〜68℃の常温で固体のパラフィンである。常温とは10〜30℃を言う。
【0021】
本発明は,上記スチレン系樹脂100重量%に対して,可塑剤として常温で液体の脂肪酸エステルを0.01〜2重量%含有し,かつ常温で固体のパラフィンを0.01〜2重量%含有している。
これにより,それぞれの可塑剤を単独で用いた時の欠点を補い合い,優れた発泡性を有し,得られる発泡成形体が高い強度を有すると共に,外観が良く収縮しにくく,かつ柔軟性を有する発泡性スチレン系樹脂粒子を得ることができる。
【0022】
上記発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子を製造する方法としては,例えば,撹拌装置の付いた密閉容器内に,スチレンを,可塑剤及び重合開始剤と共に適当な懸濁剤の存在下で水性溶媒中に分散させて重合反応を開始してスチレン系樹脂とするとともに,重合途中あるいは重合完了後に発泡剤を添加して,発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子を得る方法が挙げられる。
【0023】
上記発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子は,スチレン,またはスチレンを主成分とするビニルモノマ−の混合物から製造することができる。スチレンと共重合可能なビニルモノマ−として,例えば,α−メチルスチレン,o−メチルスチレン,m−メチルスチレン,p−メチルスチレン,ビニルトルエン,p−エチルスチレン,2,4−ジメチルスチレン,p−メトキシスチレン,p−フェニルスチレン,o−クロロスチレン,m−クロロスチレン,p−クロロスチレン,2,4−ジクロロスチレン,p−n−ブチルスチレン,p−t−ブチルスチレン,p−n−ヘキシルスチレン,p−オクチルスチレン,スチレンスルホン酸,スチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム等が挙げられ,これらのビニルモノマ−を2種類以上混合して用いてもよい。
【0024】
上記重合開始剤としては,例えばアゾビスイソブチロニトリル等のアゾ系化合物,クメンヒドロパ−オキサイド,ジクミルパ−オキサイド,t−ブチルパ−オキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエ−ト,t−ブチルパ−オキシベンゾエ−ト,ベンゾイルパ−オキサイド,t−ブチルパ−オキシイソプロピルカ−ボネ−ト,t−ブチルパ−オキシ2−エチルヘキシルモノカ−ボネ−ト,1,1−ジメチルプロピルパ−オキシ−2−エチルヘキシルモノカ−ボネ−ト,1,1−ジメチルブチルパ−オキシ−2−エチルヘキシルモノカ−ボネ−ト,ペンチルパ−オキシ2−エチルヘキシルモノカ−ボネ−ト,ヘキシルパ−オキシ2−エチルヘキシルモノカ−ボネ−ト,ラウロイルパ−オキサイド,1,1−ビス(t−ブチルパ−オキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン,1,1−ジ−t−ブチルパ−オキシ−2−メチルシクロヘキサン等のスチレン系単量体に可溶な開始剤が挙げられる。これらの重合開始剤は,1種類または2種類以上組み合わせて用いることができる。
重合開始剤の使用量は,ビニルモノマ−100重量部に対して,0.01〜3重量部が好ましい。
【0025】
上記懸濁剤としては,例えば,ポリビニルアルコ−ル,メチルセルロ−ス,ポリビニルピロリドン等の親水性高分子や,第3リン酸カルシウム,ピロリン酸マグネシウム等の難水溶性無機塩等を用いることができ,必要に応じて界面活性剤を併用しても良い。
難水溶性無機塩を使用する場合は,例えばアルキルスルホン酸ナトリウムやドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム等のアニオン系界面活性剤を併用することが好ましい。
【0026】
懸濁剤の使用量はビニルモノマ−100重量部に対して0.01〜5重量部が好ましい。前記の難水溶性無機塩とアニオン性界面活性剤を併用する場合は,ビニルモノマ−100重量部に対して,難水溶性無機塩を0.05〜3重量部,アニオン性界面活性剤を0.0001〜0.5重量部用いることが好ましい。
【0027】
上記ビニルモノマ−の重合反応の際には,有機臭素化合物の難燃剤,ジクミルパ−オキサイド,ビスクミル,クメンヒドロパ−オキサイド,三酸化アンチモン等の難燃助剤,メタクリル酸メチル系共重合体,ポリエチレンワックス,タルク,シリカ,エチレンビスステアリルアミド,シリコ−ン等のセル調整剤,帯電防止剤,導電化剤,粒度分布調整剤,連鎖移動剤,重合禁止剤等の,一般的に発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子の製造に使用されている添加剤を添加したり,ブタジエンゴム,スチレン−ブタジエンゴム等のゴム成分を添加することができる。
【0028】
上記難燃剤としては,例えば1,2,3,4−テトラブロモブタン,1,2,4−トリブロモブタン,テトラブロモペンタン,テトラブロモビスフェノ−ルA,2,2−ビス(4−アリルオキシ−3,5−ジブロモフェニル)プロパン,2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシエトキシ−3,5−ジブロモフェニル)プロパン,2,2−ビス(4−(2,3−ジブロモ)プロピルオキシ−3,5−ジブロモフェニル)プロパン,ペンタブロモジフェニルエ−テル,ヘキサブロモジフェニルエ−テル,オクタブロモジフェニルエ−テル,デカブロモジフェニルエ−テル,トリブロモフェノ−ル,ジブロムエチルベンゼンや,1,2,3,4,5,6−ヘキサブロモシクロヘキサン,1,2,5,6,9,10−ヘキサブロモシクロドデカン,オクタブロモシクロヘキサデカン,1−クロロ−2,3,4,5,6−ペンタブロモシクロヘキサンの様な臭素置換シクロアルカン等が挙げられる。また,トリス−(2,3−ジブロモプロピル)−ホスフェ−トのようなジブロムプロパノ−ルのエステルもしくはアセタ−ル,トリブロモフェノ−ルアリルエ−テル,トリブロモスチレン等があげられる。
この中でもヘキサブロモシクロドデカン,2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシエトキシ−3,5−ジブロモフェニル)プロパン,2,2−ビス(4−(2,3−ジブロモ)プロピルオキシ−3,5−ジブロモフェニル)プロパン,トリブロモフェノ−ルアリルエ−テルは少量の添加でも自己消火性を発現できることから好ましい。
【0029】
本発明にかかる発泡性スチレン系樹脂より得られた発泡成形体は,上記した様なスチレン,トルエン等の芳香族炭化水素類の含有量が少なく,成形品から放出されるこれら物質の放散量も少ないため衛生性,安全性が高く,たとえば,各種の食品容器や医療用の容器,建材,物品等に広く用いることができる。
【0030】
本発明の発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子は,これを予備発泡させて予備発泡粒子とし,その後予備発泡粒子を加熱発泡させて予備発泡粒子同士を融着させて,発泡成形体とする。予備発泡の方法としては,例えば,攪拌装置の付いた円筒形の予備発泡機を用いて,スチ−ムなどで加熱し発泡させる方法がある。
予備発泡粒子を発泡成形体とする方法として,例えば,金型内に予備発泡粒子を充填し,スチ−ムなどで加熱する,型内成形法で発泡成形体を得る方法が挙げられる。
このようにして,得られた発泡成形体の密度は,密度が低いと強度が不足し,逆に密度が高いと不経済であるため,一般的には10〜50kg/m3であるのが好ましい。
【0031】
次に,上記脂肪酸エステルは脂肪酸グリセリドであることが好ましい(請求項2)。
この場合,脂肪酸グリセリドは常温で液体であるために可塑剤として優れた働きを示し,発泡性,成形性の改善に大きく寄与する。また,発泡成形体としたとき,やや収縮し易い傾向があるものの柔軟性に優れるという効果が得られる。
【0032】
次に,上記脂肪酸エステルは脂肪酸トリグリセリドであることが好ましい(請求項3)。
脂肪酸トリグリセリドは,脂肪酸モノグリセリド,ジグリセリドのように親水基を有していないため,ポリスチレンに対して可塑効果が強いという効果が得られる。
【0033】
次に,上記脂肪酸エステルは,高級脂肪酸と高級脂肪族1価アルコールとのエステルであることが好ましい(請求項4)。
この場合には,エステルが親水基を有していないため,ポリスチレンに対して可塑効果が強いという効果が得られる。
【0034】
次に,上記脂肪酸エステルは飽和脂肪酸エステルであることが好ましい(請求項5)。
この場合には,重合時の安定性を図ることができる。なお,不飽和脂肪酸エステルの場合,発泡粒子の発泡性,成型性という面では効果の差は小さいものの製造時に添加された際,重合の条件によっては重合を不安定化させる場合がある。
【0035】
次に,上記発泡剤は,炭素数3〜6個の炭化水素化合物であることが好ましい(請求項6)。
この場合には,製品ライフが長く,発泡倍率も高い。
炭素数が2個以下の炭化水素化合物は,発泡性スチレン系樹脂粒子からの逸散が早いため,製品ライフが非常に短くなるおそれがある。炭素数が7個以上では発泡力が低下し,目標の発泡倍率まで発泡させることが困難になるおそれがある。
【0036】
上記炭素数3〜6個の炭化水素化合物としては,例えばプロパン,ノルマルブタン,イソブタン,ノルマルペンタン,イソペンタン,ネオペンタン,ヘキサン等の脂肪族炭化水素,シクロブタン,シクロペンタン等の脂環族炭化水素等が挙げられる。
なお,より好ましくは,発泡剤は炭素数4個あるいは5個の炭化水素化合物である。
これらの発泡剤は1種類を単独で,又は2種以上を併用して使用できる。
【0037】
次に,発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子中における,スチレン,トルエン,キシレン,エチルベンゼン,プロピルベンゼン,フタル酸エステル類の1種以上からなる芳香族炭化水素類の含有量は,0.2重量%以下であることが好ましい(請求項7)。
【0038】
この場合には,上記芳香族炭化水素類の環境中への逸散量が少ない発泡成形体を得ることができ,また得られる発泡成形体からの上記芳香族炭化水素類の放散速度が,ADPACで測定したときに100μg/m2・hr以下とすることができる。
なお,樹脂粒子中のこれら芳香族炭化水素類の含有量を少なくする方法は任意であるが,例えばスチレンは重合後残存する量が少なくなる重合方法を用いる。トルエン,キシレン,フタル酸エステル類といった物質は,重合時に添加しなければ含有量を微量にすることができる。
上記芳香族炭化水素類の含有量が0.2重量%を超える場合には,上記のごとく大気への放出量が多くなるおそれがある。
【0039】
上記フタル酸エステル類としては,フタル酸ブチルベンジル,フタル酸−n−ジブチル,フタル酸ジシクロヘキシル,フタル酸ジエチルヘキシル,フタル酸ジエチル,フタル酸ジヘキシル,フタル酸ジペンチル,フタル酸ジプロピルが挙げられる。
【0040】
次に,上記発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子は,これを用いて成形した成形品から放出されるスチレン,トルエン,キシレン,エチルベンゼン,プロピルベンゼン,フタル酸エステル類の1種以上からなる芳香族炭化水素類の放散速度が,ADPACで測定した場合に100μg/m2・hr以下であることが好ましい(請求項8)。
この場合には,大気環境中に放散される上記芳香族炭化水素類が少ないため,大気環境汚染を防止するという効果が得られる。
【0041】
発泡成形体から放出されるスチレン,トルエン,キシレン,エチルベンゼン,プロピルベンゼン,フタル酸エステル類の1種以上からなる芳香族炭化水素類の放散速度を測定する方法としては,チャンバ−法を用いる。
チャンバ−法には,例えばFLEC,ADPAC,Small Test Chamber,大型チャンバ−法などがあるが,本発明での測定にはADPACを用いる。
【0042】
ADPACとは,小型チャンバ−内に材料を設置して測定する方法で,内部拡散支配型放散のサンプルからの化学物質放散速度は,建材内部での化学物質拡散性状に支配され,建材表面での流れ場は化学物質の放散性状に大きく影響を与えないため,チャンバ−内での流れ性状を無視し,完全混合を仮定している方法であり,ASTM及びECAの規格に準じている。
【0043】
また,例えば,上記樹脂粒子より作られた成形体を建材として用いた場合には,上記芳香族化合物のようなシックハウス症候群の原因となり得る物質の室内環境への放出量を抑えることができる。また,魚箱等の食品容器に用いた場合は,これらの物質の食品への移行を著しく低減できる等の効果が得られる。
【0044】
【実施例】
本発明の実施例及び比較例について説明する。
【0045】
実施例1
撹拌装置のついた内容積が50Lのオ−トクレ−ブに,脱イオン水15.5kg,懸濁剤として第3リン酸カルシウム87g,界面活性剤としてドデシルジフェニルエーテルスルホン酸ジナトリウム20g,及び,ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム60gを投入した。
【0046】
次いで,重合開始剤としてベンゾイルパーオキサイド39g,及び,t−ブチルパーオキシ―2―エチルヘキシルカーボネート22g,可塑剤として2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(花王株式会社製 エキセパールTGO)17.0gとパラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)255gをスチレン16.5kgに溶解させ,190rpmで攪拌しながらオートクレーブに投入した。オートクレーブ内を窒素置換した後,昇温を開始し,1時間15分かけて90℃まで昇温した。
【0047】
90℃到達後,さらに100℃まで5時間かけて昇温し,さらに最終重合温度として120℃まで1時間30分で昇温し,そのまま120℃で3時間保持(最終重合温度)した。昇温途中,60℃到達時に懸濁助剤として過硫酸カリウムの0.1%水溶液を85g添加し,90℃到達4時間30分目に発泡剤としてブタン(n−ブタン70%とイソブタン30%の混合物)1275gをオ−トクレ−ブ内に圧入した。その後,30℃まで約8時間かけて冷却した。
【0048】
内容物を取り出し,発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子の表面に付着した第3リン酸カルシウムを除去するため,硝酸を添加して第3リン酸カルシウムを溶解させた後,遠心分離で脱水した。次に,発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子100重量%に対して,帯電防止剤であるN,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)アルキルアミン0.008重量%を添加した後,気流乾燥機により乾燥させた。
【0049】
得られた発泡性スチレン系樹脂を篩いにかけて,0.7〜1.4mmの粒子を取り出した。0.7〜1.4mmの粒子に,さらにグリセリンモノステアレ−ト0.05重量%,グリセリントリステアレ−ト0.05重量%,ステアリン酸亜鉛0.15重量%及びグリセリン0.025重量%により被覆した。
【0050】
次いで,発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子10kgを,上下に100メッシュの金網の付いた直径35cmの筒型金網容器に入れ,流量55m3/hrで,40℃の温風空気を筒型金属容器下部より導入し,そのまま90分処理して発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子を得た。
【0051】
得られた発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子3.3kgを,加圧バッチ予備発泡機(ダイセン工業社製DYHL500U)内で,缶内圧力が0.04MPaになるようにスチ−ムを供給し,約90秒間加熱した後,60秒間乾燥させて,嵩密度が約17kg/m3(発泡倍率 約60倍)の予備発泡粒子を得た。
得られた予備発泡粒子を室温で1日熟成後,型物成形機(ダイセン工業社製,VS500)の金型に充填し,0.07MPaのスチ−ム圧力で20秒間加熱し,所定時間冷却後,金型から取り出し,発泡成形体を得た。
【0052】
上記のようにして得られた発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子における,発泡剤の含有量,残存スチレン量,重量平均分子量,芳香族炭化水素類の含有量,発泡性,また得られた発泡成形体の芳香族炭化水素類放散速度,柔軟性,収縮性,表面外観,曲げ強度について,以下の方法で評価した。
【0053】
<発泡剤の含有量>
発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子をジメチルホルムアミドに溶解させ,ガスクロマトグラフィ−にて発泡剤の含有量を測定した。
【0054】
<残存スチレン量><芳香族炭化水素類の含有量>
発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子をジメチルホルムアミドに溶解させ,ガスクロマトグラフィ−にて,残存スチレン量,ならびにトルエン,キシレン,ベンゼン,エチルベンゼン,フタル酸エステル類及びプロピルベンゼンそれぞれの含有量を測定した。各成分の含有量を合計して芳香族炭化水素類の含有量とした。
【0055】
<重量平均分子量>
発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子をテトラヒドロフランに溶解させ,ゲルパ−ミエ−ションクロマトグラフィ−で測定し,標準ポリスチレンで校正して求めた。
【0056】
<発泡性>
得られた発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子を箱形バッチ予備発泡機(昭和57年8月3日 特許庁発行の周知慣用技術集(発泡成形)第38項参照)に入れ,圧力が0.03MPaのスチ−ムを導入し,270秒間加熱して発泡させた。得られた発泡粒子を室温にて8時間以上自然乾燥させてから嵩密度を測定し,発泡性を評価した。嵩密度が小さいほど,発泡性が良い。
【0057】
<芳香族炭化水素類の放散速度>
60倍の発泡成形体を,容積20Lのスモ−ルチャンバ−に入れ,換気回数を0.5回/hr,相対湿度を50%(25℃)に設定し,14日目までの残存スチレン量ならびにトルエン,キシレン,エチルベンゼン,フタル酸エステル類及びプロピルベンゼンの放散速度を測定した。
チャンバ−内空気をTenax管で採取し,加熱脱着後,ガスクロマトグラフィ−/質量分析器にて,残存スチレン量,ならびにトルエン,キシレン,エチルベンゼン,フタル酸エステル類及びプロピルベンゼンそれぞれの含有量を測定した。
【0058】
<柔軟性>
得られた発泡成形体を60℃の乾燥室で半日乾燥させた後,室温で1日養生後その成形体をニクロム切断機を用いて,大きさ200mm×30mm×20mmに,ニクロム線の温度を約200℃にして切断し,JIS K6767に準拠した柔軟性試験を10個の試料について実施した。試験片が破断したり,ひびが発生しなかったものを合格として判定し,合格した割合(合格率,%)で柔軟性を評価した。
【0059】
<収縮性>
得られた発泡成形体を常温(23℃)にて1日放置した後,次に述べる方法で成形体の収縮を測定した。
即ち,発泡成形体として,外側の幅280mm,外側の長さ330mm,高さ150mmで,内側の幅230mm(肉厚25mm),内側の長さ300mm(肉厚15mm)の角筒状成形体を成形した。成形体を金型から取り出して上記のように放置し,上記幅方向(つまり280mm方向)の寸法収縮度合いを測定した。寸法収縮率が1%以下を○,1〜2%を△,2%以上を×とした。
【0060】
<表面外観>
発泡成形体の表面外観を目視により,下記基準にて評価した。
○:発泡粒子間の間隙がなく,表面が溶融した発泡粒子もなく,表面が平滑で見栄えがよい。
△:発泡粒子間の間隙が少なく,表面が溶融した発泡粒子が僅かに存在し,比較的表面は平滑であるが,見栄えが劣る。
×:発泡粒子間の間隙が多く,あるいは表面に溶融した発泡粒子が多数存在し,表面が凸凹し見栄えが非常に悪い。あるいは発泡成形体が得られない。
【0061】
<曲げ強度>
発泡成形体を切断して,縦300mm×横75mm×厚さ25mmの試験片を作成し,JIS A 9511に準拠して3点曲げ試験を行い,曲げ強度(KPa)を測定した。
【0062】
実施例2
可塑剤として,2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(花王株式会社製 エキセパールTGO)255gとパラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)17.0gを添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0063】
実施例3
可塑剤として2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(花王株式会社製 エキセパールTGO)255gとパラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)255gを添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0064】
実施例4
可塑剤として2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(花王株式会社製 エキセパールTGO)170gとパラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)170gを添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0065】
実施例5
可塑剤として2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(花王株式会社製 エキセパールTGO)85gとパラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)85gを添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0066】
実施例6
可塑剤としてパラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)の代わりに,パラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス150)を170gと2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(花王株式会社製 エキセパールTGO)170g添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0067】
実施例7
可塑剤として,パラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)の代わりに,パラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス120)を170gと,2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(花王株式会社製 エキセパールTGO)を170g添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0068】
実施例8
開始剤としてのt−ブチルパーオキシ―2―エチルヘキシルカーボネートを17g添加し,最終重合温度及び時間を112℃で1時間30分とし,可塑剤として,2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(花王株式会社製 エキセパールTGO)170gとパラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)170gを添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0069】
実施例9
可塑剤として,2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(花王株式会社製 エキセパールTGO)の代わりに,ステアリン酸ブチル(花王株式会社製 エキセパールBS)を170gと,パラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)170gを添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0070】
実施例10
可塑剤として,2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(花王株式会社製 エキセパールTGO)の代わりに,ステアリン酸ブチル(花王株式会社製 エキセパールBS)を255gと,パラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)17.0gを添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0071】
実施例11
可塑剤として,2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(花王株式会社製 エキセパールTGO)の代わりに,ミリスチル酸オクチルドデシル(花王株式会社製エキセパールOD―M)を170gと,パラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)170gを添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0072】
実施例12
可塑剤として,2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(花王株式会社製 エキセパールTGO)の代わりに,ミリスチル酸オクチルドデシル(花王株式会社製エキセパールOD―M)を255gと,パラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)17.0gを添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0073】
比較例1
可塑剤として2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(花王株式会社製 エキセパールTGO)340gのみを添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0074】
比較例2
可塑剤として,パラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)340gのみを添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0075】
比較例3
可塑剤として2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(花王株式会社製 エキセパールTGO)510gのみを添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0076】
比較例4
可塑剤としてパラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)510gのみを添加した以外は,実施例1と同様に行った。
【0077】
比較例5
可塑剤としてパラフィンワックス(日本精蝋株式会社製 パラフィンワックス135)340gのみを添加し,重合開始剤としてのt−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキシルカーボネートを17g添加し,最終重合温度及び時間を112℃,1時間30分とした以外は実施例1と同様に行なった。
【0078】
以上の各実施例及び各比較例における,上記の各測定結果を表1〜表3に示した。
表1〜表3において,可塑剤(脂肪酸エステル,パラフィン)等の量(重量%)はスチレン系樹脂100重量%に対する割合である。
表1〜表3より明らかなように,本発明の実施例1〜7,9〜12に係る発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子は,芳香族炭化水素類の含有量が0.2重量%以下で,発泡性にも優れている。
また,この発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子を用いて成形した発泡成形体は,上記の放散速度が小さく,収縮しにくく,柔軟性,収縮性,表面外観,曲げ強度がいずれも優れていた。
【0079】
また,実施例8,比較例5は,重合開始剤量,最終重合温度及び時間(112℃,1.5時間)を変更したため,残存スチレン量,芳香族炭化水素類の含有量及び放散量が多くなっている。
一方,比較例1及び3は,可塑剤として2−エチルヘキサン酸トリグリセリド(常温で液体の脂肪酸エステル)のみを使用したため,収縮しやすく,表面外観が劣っていた。比較例2及び4は,可塑剤としてパラフィンワックス(常温で固体のパラフィン)のみを使用したため,柔軟性,表面外観が劣っていた。
【0080】
【表1】
【0081】
【表2】
【0082】
【表3】
[0001]
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to a foamed molded article having a low content of aromatic hydrocarbons such as styrene and toluene, excellent foaming properties, and a foamed article having high strength and excellent flexibility. And a foamable polystyrene resin particle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Styrene-based molded foams are made by adding foaming agents and plasticizers for improving foamability to styrene-based resins to produce expandable polystyrene-based resin particles, pre-foaming them, and then foam-molding in a mold. It can be obtained by: This foamed molded article has excellent cushioning properties and heat insulating properties, is easy to mold, and is a relatively inexpensive material. Therefore, it is widely used as a packaging material and a heat insulating material.
[0003]
Conventionally, hydrocarbons such as pentane and butane have been used as a foaming agent. As the plasticizer, styrene left in the expandable polystyrene resin particles, and organic solvents such as toluene, xylene, and cyclohexane added in small amounts are widely used. Many of these blowing agents and plasticizers are volatile organic compounds.
[0004]
Conventionally, a volatile organic compound functioning as a foaming agent or a plasticizer has been contained in an average of 6 to 9% by weight with respect to the styrene resin particles, and is gradually used in processes such as storage, foaming, molding, and processing. Is released into the atmosphere.
[0005]
[Problem to be solved]
Recently, attempts have been made to reduce the amount of a blowing agent or an organic solvent in expandable polystyrene resin particles from the viewpoint of the global environment. For example, JP-A-4-268347, JP-A-6-80708, and JP-A-10-17698 disclose expandable polystyrene resin particles having a small content of residual styrene and benzene, and a method for producing the same.
[0006]
Conventionally, in styrene-based foamable resin particles, styrene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, and aromatic hydrocarbons such as phthalates, which have an excellent plasticizing effect on styrene-based resins, are used as plasticizers. It is used as
[0007]
As described above, in recent years, in consideration of environmental hygiene, there has been a strong demand for a material that emits a small amount of the aromatic hydrocarbons such as styrene and toluene.
However, simply reducing the content of these aromatic components in the styrene-based expandable resin particles deteriorates the expandability of the expandable resin particles and reduces the fusion between the pre-expanded particles during molding. There is a problem.
As a countermeasure, it is conceivable to reduce the molecular weight of the base resin of the styrene-based expandable resin particles, but in this case, there is a problem that the mechanical strength is reduced.
[0008]
In view of such conventional problems, the present invention has a low content and emission amount of aromatic hydrocarbons such as styrene and toluene, has excellent foaming properties, and provides a foamed molded article having high strength and flexibility. An object of the present invention is to provide expandable polystyrene resin particles having a property.
[0009]
[Means for solving the problem]
The invention according to claim 1 provides a styrene resin having a weight average molecular weight of 200,000 to 400,000, and 100% by weight of the styrene resin.
3 to 10% by weight of an organic compound having a boiling point of 90 ° C. or less as a foaming agent;
Expandable polystyrene resin particles containing, as a plasticizer, 0.01 to 2% by weight of a fatty acid ester which is liquid at ordinary temperature and 0.01 to 2% by weight of paraffin which is solid at ordinary temperature.
[0010]
According to the present invention, the specific styrene resin is contained, and the foaming agent and the plasticizer are contained in the above-mentioned weight% range with respect to 100% by weight of the styrene resin.
Therefore, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons composed of at least one of styrene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, and phthalic acid esters is small, and has excellent foaming properties. The present invention can provide expandable polystyrene resin particles having high strength, excellent flexibility, good appearance, and low shrinkage.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the invention of claim 1, the styrene resin has a weight average molecular weight of 200,000 to 400,000. This makes it possible to produce a foam molded article having excellent strength while maintaining high foamability. The weight average molecular weight is a value measured by a GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method.
[0012]
When the weight average molecular weight is less than 200,000, the strength of the obtained foamed molded article may be reduced. On the other hand, if the weight average molecular weight exceeds 400,000, the foaming property is reduced, and it is difficult to foam to a target foaming ratio (for example, 50 to 60 times), or the foamed particles are less likely to fuse together during molding. In addition, the strength of the foam molded article may be reduced.
More preferably, the weight average molecular weight of the styrene resin particles is from 200,000 to 380,000, more preferably from 220,000 to 350,000.
[0013]
Next, the expandable polystyrene resin particles contain 3 to 10% by weight of an organic compound having a boiling point of 90 ° C. or less that functions as a foaming agent, based on 100% by weight of the styrene resin.
As the foaming agent, organic compounds having a boiling point of 90 ° C. or lower include, for example, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as propane, normal butane, isobutane, normal pentane, isopentane, neopentane, and hexane; and alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclobutane and cyclopentane. And C3 to C6 hydrocarbon compounds, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol.
[0014]
If the content of the organic compound is less than 3% by weight, the expandability of the expandable polystyrene resin particles may be reduced, and it may be difficult to expand the expandable polystyrene resin particles to a target expansion ratio. If it exceeds 10% by weight, the solubility in polystyrene resin is limited, so that it is economically wasteful, and the amount of volatile organic compounds released into the atmosphere increases, which may pollute the air environment.
In addition, more preferably, the content of the foaming agent is 3 to 8% by weight.
[0015]
In producing the expandable polystyrene resin particles according to the present invention, the styrene monomer is dispersed in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymerization initiator, a suspending agent and a surfactant, followed by polymerization. The reaction can be started and a blowing agent added during the suspension polymerization, or impregnated with the blowing agent after the suspension polymerization is completed.
When dispersing the styrene-based monomer in the aqueous medium, both may be charged in advance in a lump or may be added while gradually adding.
[0016]
Next, the expandable polystyrene-based resin particles contain 0.01 to 2% by weight of a fatty acid ester which is a liquid at room temperature and functions as a plasticizer, based on 100% by weight of the styrene-based resin.
When the content of the fatty acid ester is less than 0.01% by weight, the plasticizing effect is small, and it is difficult to expand the foamed product to a target expansion ratio when producing a foamed molded product.
On the other hand, when the content exceeds 2% by weight, the strength and heat resistance of the obtained foamed molded article are reduced, and the production cost may be increased.
In addition, more preferably, the content of the fatty acid ester is 0.1 to 1.5% by weight. Further, the normal temperature means 10 to 30 ° C.
[0017]
Examples of the fatty acid ester liquid at room temperature include glycerides such as caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid. Specific examples thereof include fatty acid monohydric alcohol esters. Cetyl 2-ethylhexanoate, methyl coconut fatty acid, methyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, methyl tallow fatty acid, octyldodecyl myristate, butyl stearate, 2-ethylhexyl stearate, Isotridecyl stearate, methyl caprate, methyl myristate, methyl oleate, isobutyl oleate, octyl oleate, lauryl oleate, oleyl oleate, 2-ethylhexyl oleate, oleate Monoglycerides of oleic acid as fatty acid esters of glycerin, such as sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan trioleate, and sorbitan sesquioleate as fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols such as decyl phosphate, octyldodecyl oleate, and isobutyl oleate Glyceride, oleic acid diglyceride, 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride, caprylic acid monoglyceride, caprylic acid diglyceride, caprylic acid triglyceride and the like. Among them, it is preferable to use a fatty acid monohydric alcohol ester or triglyceride having excellent plasticity as a plasticizer.
When the fatty acid ester liquid at normal temperature is used as a plasticizer, foaming properties and flexibility of the molded product are excellent, but since it is liquid at normal temperature, it always has a plasticizing effect. There is a drawback that the heat resistance tends to deteriorate, and the foamed molded article obtained from the expandable styrene resin may easily shrink.
[0018]
In addition, in the expandable polystyrene resin particles, in combination with the fatty acid ester liquid at normal temperature, paraffin at room temperature which functions as a plasticizer is used in an amount of 0.01 to 100% by weight based on 100% by weight of the styrene resin. 2% by weight.
When only paraffin that is solid at room temperature is used as a plasticizer, the paraffin acts as a plasticizer at the time of foaming and molding at a relatively high temperature, contributing to the improvement of foamability and moldability. However, in the case of a foamed molded product, the above-mentioned paraffin aggregates in the resin, so that the decrease in strength and heat resistance of the molded product is smaller than that of the liquid fatty acid ester at room temperature, and the molded product is less likely to shrink. There is a possibility that the flexibility of the foamed molded article is inferior.
[0019]
When the content of the paraffin solid at room temperature is less than 0.01% by weight, the plasticizing effect is small, and it is difficult to expand the foam to the target expansion ratio when producing a foam molded article. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 2% by weight, the strength and heat resistance of the obtained foamed molded article are reduced, and the production cost may be increased. More preferably, the content of the paraffin solid at room temperature is 0.1 to 1.5% by weight. Further, the normal temperature means 10 to 30 ° C.
[0020]
The paraffin that is solid at room temperature is mainly composed of n-paraffin, has an average carbon number of 20 to 48, and has a melting point of 47 to 68 ° C. and is solid at room temperature. Normal temperature means 10 to 30 ° C.
[0021]
The present invention contains 0.01 to 2% by weight of a fatty acid ester liquid at room temperature as a plasticizer and 0.01 to 2% by weight of solid paraffin at room temperature, based on 100% by weight of the styrene resin. are doing.
This makes up for the drawbacks of using each plasticizer alone, has excellent foaming properties, and the resulting foamed molded article has high strength, good appearance, less shrinkage, and flexibility. Expandable styrene resin particles can be obtained.
[0022]
As a method for producing the expandable polystyrene resin particles, for example, styrene is dispersed in an aqueous solvent in the presence of a suitable suspending agent together with a plasticizer and a polymerization initiator in a closed container equipped with a stirrer. Then, a polymerization reaction is started to obtain a styrene resin, and a foaming agent is added during or after the completion of the polymerization to obtain expandable polystyrene resin particles.
[0023]
The expandable polystyrene resin particles can be manufactured from styrene or a mixture of vinyl monomers containing styrene as a main component. Examples of vinyl monomers copolymerizable with styrene include α-methylstyrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, p-ethylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, and p-methoxy. Styrene, p-phenylstyrene, o-chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene, p-chlorostyrene, 2,4-dichlorostyrene, pn-butylstyrene, pt-butylstyrene, pn-hexylstyrene, Examples thereof include p-octylstyrene, styrenesulfonic acid, and sodium styrenesulfonate. Two or more of these vinyl monomers may be used as a mixture.
[0024]
Examples of the polymerization initiator include azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile, cumenehydroperoxide, dicumylperoxide, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butylperoxybenzoate, Benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate, t-butyl peroxy 2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate, 1,1-dimethylpropyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate, 1 , 1-dimethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate, pentyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate, hexyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate, lauroyl peroxide, 1,1- Bis (t-butylperoxy) -3,3,5-tri Chill cyclohexane, 1,1-di -t- Buchirupa - soluble initiators mentioned styrene monomers such as oxy-2-methylcyclohexane. These polymerization initiators can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The amount of the polymerization initiator to be used is preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the vinyl monomer.
[0025]
Examples of the suspending agent include hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and poorly water-soluble inorganic salts such as tribasic calcium phosphate and magnesium pyrophosphate. Surfactants may be used in combination depending on the conditions.
When a poorly water-soluble inorganic salt is used, it is preferable to use an anionic surfactant such as sodium alkylsulfonate or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in combination.
[0026]
The amount of the suspending agent used is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the vinyl monomer. When the above-mentioned poorly water-soluble inorganic salt and anionic surfactant are used in combination, 0.05 to 3 parts by weight of the poorly water-soluble inorganic salt and 0.1 to 0.3 part by weight of the anionic surfactant are used per 100 parts by weight of the vinyl monomer. It is preferable to use 0001 to 0.5 parts by weight.
[0027]
In the polymerization reaction of the vinyl monomer, a flame retardant of an organic bromine compound, a flame retardant auxiliary such as dicumyl peroxide, biscumyl, cumene hydroperoxide, antimony trioxide, etc., a methyl methacrylate copolymer, polyethylene wax, talc Cell expanders such as silica, ethylene bisstearylamide, silicone, etc., antistatic agents, conductive agents, particle size distribution adjusters, chain transfer agents, polymerization inhibitors, etc. Additives used in the production or rubber components such as butadiene rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber can be added.
[0028]
Examples of the flame retardant include 1,2,3,4-tetrabromobutane, 1,2,4-tribromobutane, tetrabromopentane, tetrabromobisphenol A, 2,2-bis (4-allyloxy -3,5-dibromophenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyethoxy-3,5-dibromophenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4- (2,3-dibromo) propyloxy-3, 5-dibromophenyl) propane, pentabromodiphenyl ether, hexabromodiphenyl ether, octabromodiphenyl ether, decabromodiphenyl ether, tribromophenol, dibromoethylbenzene, 1,2, 3,4,5,6-hexabromocyclohexane, 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane, octabro Cyclohexadecane, 1-chloro-2,3,4,5,6-brominated cycloalkanes such, such as penta-bromo cyclohexane. Further, esters or acetals of dibromopropanol such as tris- (2,3-dibromopropyl) -phosphate, tribromophenol allyl ether, tribromostyrene and the like can be mentioned.
Among them, hexabromocyclododecane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyethoxy-3,5-dibromophenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4- (2,3-dibromo) propyloxy-3,5-dibromo Phenyl) propane and tribromophenol allyl ether are preferred because they can exhibit self-extinguishing properties even with a small amount of addition.
[0029]
The expanded molded article obtained from the expandable styrene resin according to the present invention has a low content of aromatic hydrocarbons such as styrene and toluene as described above, and the emission amount of these substances released from the molded article is also small. Since it is small, it has high hygiene and safety, and can be widely used for, for example, various food containers, medical containers, building materials, articles, and the like.
[0030]
The expandable polystyrene resin particles of the present invention are pre-expanded into pre-expanded particles, and then the pre-expanded particles are heated and foamed to fuse the pre-expanded particles together to form a foam molded article. As a method of prefoaming, for example, there is a method of foaming by heating with a steam or the like using a cylindrical prefoaming machine equipped with a stirrer.
As a method of forming the pre-expanded particles into an expanded molded article, for example, there is a method of filling the pre-expanded particles in a mold and heating with a steam or the like to obtain an expanded molded article by an in-mold molding method.
The density of the foamed molded article thus obtained is generally 10 to 50 kg / m, because the strength is insufficient when the density is low, and it is uneconomical when the density is high. 3 It is preferred that
[0031]
Next, the fatty acid ester is preferably a fatty acid glyceride (claim 2).
In this case, since fatty acid glyceride is a liquid at normal temperature, it exhibits an excellent function as a plasticizer, and greatly contributes to the improvement of foamability and moldability. In addition, when the foamed article is formed, it has an effect of being excellent in flexibility although it tends to shrink slightly.
[0032]
Next, the fatty acid ester is preferably a fatty acid triglyceride (claim 3).
Fatty acid triglyceride does not have a hydrophilic group unlike fatty acid monoglyceride and diglyceride, and therefore has an effect of having a strong plasticizing effect on polystyrene.
[0033]
Next, the fatty acid ester is preferably an ester of a higher fatty acid and a higher aliphatic monohydric alcohol (claim 4).
In this case, since the ester does not have a hydrophilic group, an effect of having a strong plasticizing effect on polystyrene can be obtained.
[0034]
Next, the fatty acid ester is preferably a saturated fatty acid ester (claim 5).
In this case, stability during polymerization can be achieved. In the case of an unsaturated fatty acid ester, although the difference in effect is small in terms of expandability and moldability of the expanded particles, when added during production, it may destabilize the polymerization depending on the polymerization conditions.
[0035]
Next, it is preferable that the blowing agent is a hydrocarbon compound having 3 to 6 carbon atoms (claim 6).
In this case, the product life is long and the expansion ratio is high.
Since the hydrocarbon compound having 2 or less carbon atoms quickly escapes from the expandable styrene resin particles, the product life may be extremely shortened. If the number of carbon atoms is 7 or more, the foaming power may be reduced, and it may be difficult to foam to the target foaming ratio.
[0036]
Examples of the hydrocarbon compound having 3 to 6 carbon atoms include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as propane, normal butane, isobutane, normal pentane, isopentane, neopentane and hexane, and alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclobutane and cyclopentane. No.
More preferably, the blowing agent is a hydrocarbon compound having 4 or 5 carbon atoms.
These foaming agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0037]
Next, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons composed of at least one of styrene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene and phthalates in the expandable polystyrene resin particles is 0.2% by weight or less. It is preferable that there be (claim 7).
[0038]
In this case, it is possible to obtain a foamed article in which the amount of the aromatic hydrocarbons escaping into the environment is small, and the rate of emission of the aromatic hydrocarbons from the obtained foamed article is controlled by ADPAC. 100 μg / m when measured with 2 Hr or less.
The method for reducing the content of these aromatic hydrocarbons in the resin particles is optional, but for example, a polymerization method in which the amount of styrene remaining after polymerization is reduced is used. Substances such as toluene, xylene, and phthalates can be contained in a very small amount unless added during polymerization.
When the content of the aromatic hydrocarbons is more than 0.2% by weight, the amount released to the atmosphere may increase as described above.
[0039]
Examples of the phthalates include butylbenzyl phthalate, n-dibutyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dihexyl phthalate, dipentyl phthalate, and dipropyl phthalate.
[0040]
Next, the expandable polystyrene resin particles are used to form aromatic hydrocarbons composed of at least one of styrene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, and phthalates released from a molded article formed using the same. Is 100 µg / m2 as measured by ADPAC. 2 · Hr or less (claim 8).
In this case, since the amount of the aromatic hydrocarbons that are emitted into the air environment is small, an effect of preventing air environment pollution can be obtained.
[0041]
A chamber method is used as a method for measuring the emission rate of aromatic hydrocarbons composed of at least one of styrene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, and phthalates released from the foamed molded article.
The chamber method includes, for example, FLEC, ADPAC, Small Test Chamber, and a large chamber method. ADPAC is used for the measurement in the present invention.
[0042]
ADPAC is a method in which a material is placed in a small chamber for measurement. The rate of chemical substance emission from a sample of internal diffusion-controlled emission is governed by the chemical substance diffusion properties inside the building material, and is measured on the surface of the building material. Since the flow field does not significantly affect the emission properties of the chemical substances, the flow properties in the chamber are ignored, and the method is based on the assumption of complete mixing, which conforms to the ASTM and ECA standards.
[0043]
Further, for example, when a molded article made of the resin particles is used as a building material, the amount of a substance that may cause sick house syndrome, such as the aromatic compound, to be released into the indoor environment can be suppressed. In addition, when used in food containers such as fish boxes, there is an effect that transfer of these substances to food can be significantly reduced.
[0044]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention and comparative examples will be described.
[0045]
Example 1
In an autoclave with an internal volume of 50 L equipped with a stirrer, 15.5 kg of deionized water, 87 g of tribasic calcium phosphate as a suspending agent, 20 g of disodium dodecyldiphenylethersulfonate as a surfactant, and dodecylbenzenesulfone 60 g of sodium acid was charged.
[0046]
Subsequently, 39 g of benzoyl peroxide and 22 g of t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate as a polymerization initiator, 17.0 g of 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride (Exepearl TGO manufactured by Kao Corporation) as a plasticizer and paraffin wax (Japan) 255 g of paraffin wax 135 (manufactured by Seisei Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 16.5 kg of styrene, and charged into the autoclave while stirring at 190 rpm. After the inside of the autoclave was replaced with nitrogen, the temperature was raised and the temperature was raised to 90 ° C. over 1 hour and 15 minutes.
[0047]
After reaching 90 ° C., the temperature was further raised to 100 ° C. over 5 hours, further raised to 120 ° C. for 1 hour and 30 minutes as the final polymerization temperature, and kept at 120 ° C. for 3 hours (final polymerization temperature). During the temperature rise, when reaching 60 ° C., 85 g of a 0.1% aqueous solution of potassium persulfate was added as a suspending aid, and after reaching 90 ° C. for 4 hours and 30 minutes, butane (n-butane 70% and isobutane 30% as a foaming agent) was added. Of the mixture) was pressed into the autoclave. Then, it cooled to 30 degreeC over about 8 hours.
[0048]
The contents were taken out, nitric acid was added to dissolve the tribasic calcium phosphate to remove the tribasic calcium phosphate attached to the surfaces of the expandable polystyrene resin particles, and then dehydrated by centrifugation. Next, 0.008% by weight of an N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) alkylamine as an antistatic agent is added to 100% by weight of the expandable polystyrene resin particles, and then dried by a flash dryer. Was.
[0049]
The obtained expandable styrene resin was sieved to take out particles of 0.7 to 1.4 mm. 0.7 to 1.4 mm particles, glycerin monostearate 0.05% by weight, glycerin tristearate 0.05% by weight, zinc stearate 0.15% by weight and glycerin 0.025% by weight Coated.
[0050]
Next, 10 kg of the expandable polystyrene resin particles are put into a cylindrical wire mesh container having a diameter of 35 cm with a wire mesh of 100 mesh on the top and bottom, and the flow rate is 55 m. 3 At / hr, warm air at 40 ° C. was introduced from the lower part of the cylindrical metal container and treated for 90 minutes to obtain expandable polystyrene resin particles.
[0051]
3.3 kg of the obtained expandable polystyrene resin particles were fed into a pressurized batch prefoaming machine (DYHL500U manufactured by Daisen Industries Co., Ltd.) to supply steam at a pressure of about 0.04 MPa so that the pressure in the can became 0.04 MPa. After heating for 2 seconds, drying for 60 seconds, the bulk density is about 17 kg / m 3 Pre-expanded particles having an expansion ratio of about 60 were obtained.
The obtained pre-expanded particles were aged at room temperature for one day, filled in a mold of a molding machine (VS500, manufactured by Daisen Industries Co., Ltd.), heated at a steam pressure of 0.07 MPa for 20 seconds, and cooled for a predetermined time. Thereafter, the molded product was taken out of the mold to obtain a foamed molded product.
[0052]
In the expandable polystyrene resin particles obtained as described above, the content of the foaming agent, the amount of residual styrene, the weight average molecular weight, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons, the expandability, and the The emission rate of aromatic hydrocarbons, flexibility, shrinkage, surface appearance, and bending strength were evaluated by the following methods.
[0053]
<Content of foaming agent>
The expandable polystyrene resin particles were dissolved in dimethylformamide, and the content of the blowing agent was measured by gas chromatography.
[0054]
<Amount of residual styrene><Content of aromatic hydrocarbons>
The expandable polystyrene resin particles were dissolved in dimethylformamide, and the amount of residual styrene and the contents of toluene, xylene, benzene, ethylbenzene, phthalates and propylbenzene were measured by gas chromatography. The content of each component was summed to obtain the content of aromatic hydrocarbons.
[0055]
<Weight average molecular weight>
The expandable polystyrene resin particles were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, measured by gel permeation chromatography, and calibrated with standard polystyrene.
[0056]
<Foamability>
The obtained expandable polystyrene-based resin particles are put into a box-shaped batch pre-expansion machine (see Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 38, published on August 3, 1982, the Patent Office) and a pressure of 0.03 MPa is applied. The steam was introduced and heated for 270 seconds to foam. The obtained expanded particles were air-dried at room temperature for 8 hours or more, and then the bulk density was measured to evaluate the expandability. The lower the bulk density, the better the foamability.
[0057]
<Emission rate of aromatic hydrocarbons>
A 60-fold foam molded product was placed in a small chamber having a volume of 20 L, the number of ventilation was set to 0.5 times / hr, the relative humidity was set to 50% (25 ° C.), The emission rates of toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, phthalates and propylbenzene were measured.
The air in the chamber was collected with a Tenax tube, and after heating and desorption, the amount of residual styrene and the contents of toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, phthalates and propylbenzene were measured by a gas chromatography / mass spectrometer. .
[0058]
<Flexibility>
The obtained foamed molded product was dried in a drying room at 60 ° C. for half a day, cured at room temperature for one day, and then reduced to a size of 200 mm × 30 mm × 20 mm using a nichrome cutting machine. Cutting was performed at about 200 ° C., and a flexibility test in accordance with JIS K6767 was performed on 10 samples. The sample that did not break or cracked was judged as a pass, and the flexibility was evaluated based on the pass rate (pass rate,%).
[0059]
<Shrinkability>
After leaving the obtained foam molded article at room temperature (23 ° C.) for one day, the shrinkage of the molded article was measured by the method described below.
That is, as a foamed molded product, a rectangular cylindrical molded product having an outer width of 280 mm, an outer length of 330 mm, a height of 150 mm, an inner width of 230 mm (thickness of 25 mm), and an inner length of 300 mm (thickness of 15 mm) is used. Molded. The molded body was taken out of the mold and left as described above, and the degree of dimensional shrinkage in the width direction (that is, the 280 mm direction) was measured. When the dimensional shrinkage was 1% or less, it was evaluated as ○, 1-2% was evaluated as Δ, and 2% or more was evaluated as ×.
[0060]
<Surface appearance>
The surface appearance of the foam molded article was visually evaluated according to the following criteria.
:: There are no gaps between the foamed particles, no foamed particles having a melted surface, and the surface is smooth and has a good appearance.
Δ: There are few gaps between the foamed particles, there are few foamed particles whose surface is molten, and the surface is relatively smooth, but the appearance is poor.
×: There are many gaps between the foamed particles, or a large number of molten foamed particles are present on the surface, and the surface is uneven and the appearance is very poor. Alternatively, a foam molded article cannot be obtained.
[0061]
<Bending strength>
A test piece having a length of 300 mm, a width of 75 mm and a thickness of 25 mm was prepared by cutting the foamed molded body, and a three-point bending test was performed in accordance with JIS A 9511 to measure a bending strength (KPa).
[0062]
Example 2
The same procedure was performed as in Example 1 except that 255 g of 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride (Exepearl TGO manufactured by Kao Corporation) and 17.0 g of paraffin wax (Paraffin Wax 135 manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.) were added as plasticizers. .
[0063]
Example 3
The same procedure was performed as in Example 1 except that 255 g of 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride (Exepearl TGO manufactured by Kao Corporation) and 255 g of paraffin wax (Paraffin Wax 135 manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.) were added as plasticizers.
[0064]
Example 4
The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 170 g of 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride (Exepearl TGO manufactured by Kao Corporation) and 170 g of paraffin wax (Paraffin Wax 135 manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.) were added as plasticizers.
[0065]
Example 5
The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 85 g of 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride (Exepearl TGO manufactured by Kao Corporation) and 85 g of paraffin wax (Paraffin Wax 135 manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.) were added as plasticizers.
[0066]
Example 6
170 g of paraffin wax (paraffin wax 150 manufactured by Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd.) and 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride (Exepearl TGO manufactured by Kao Corporation) instead of paraffin wax (paraffin wax 135 manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.) as a plasticizer The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 170 g was added.
[0067]
Example 7
As a plasticizer, 170 g of paraffin wax (paraffin wax 120 manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.) instead of paraffin wax (paraffin wax 135 manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.) and triglyceride 2-ethylhexanoate (Exepearl manufactured by Kao Corporation) TGO) was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 170 g of TGO) was added.
[0068]
Example 8
17 g of t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate as an initiator was added, and the final polymerization temperature and time were set at 112 ° C. for 1 hour and 30 minutes. As a plasticizer, 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride (Exepearl manufactured by Kao Corporation) TGO) and 170 g of paraffin wax (paraffin wax 135 manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.) were added in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 170 g of paraffin wax (TGO) and 170 g of paraffin wax were added.
[0069]
Example 9
As a plasticizer, 170 g of butyl stearate (Exepearl BS manufactured by Kao Corporation) and paraffin wax (paraffin wax 135 manufactured by Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd.) are used instead of 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride (Exopearl TGO manufactured by Kao Corporation). The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 170 g was added.
[0070]
Example 10
As a plasticizer, instead of 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride (Exopearl TGO manufactured by Kao Corporation), 255 g of butyl stearate (Exepearl BS manufactured by Kao Corporation) and paraffin wax (paraffin wax 135 manufactured by Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd.) The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 17.0 g was added.
[0071]
Example 11
As a plasticizer, 170 g of octyldodecyl myristylate (Exepearl OD-M manufactured by Kao Corporation) and paraffin wax (paraffin manufactured by Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd.) are used instead of 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride (Exopearl TGO manufactured by Kao Corporation). The procedure was the same as in Example 1, except that 170 g of wax 135) was added.
[0072]
Example 12
As a plasticizer, 255 g of octyldodecyl myristate (Exepearl OD-M manufactured by Kao Corporation) and paraffin wax (paraffin manufactured by Nippon Seirosu Co., Ltd.) were used instead of 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride (Exopearl TGO manufactured by Kao Corporation). The procedure was the same as in Example 1 except that 17.0 g of wax 135) was added.
[0073]
Comparative Example 1
Example 1 was repeated except that only 340 g of 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride (Exepearl TGO manufactured by Kao Corporation) was added as a plasticizer.
[0074]
Comparative Example 2
The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that only 340 g of paraffin wax (paraffin wax 135, manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.) was added as a plasticizer.
[0075]
Comparative Example 3
Example 1 was repeated except that only 510 g of 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride (Exepearl TGO manufactured by Kao Corporation) was added as a plasticizer.
[0076]
Comparative Example 4
The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only 510 g of paraffin wax (Paraffin wax 135 manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.) was added as a plasticizer.
[0077]
Comparative Example 5
Only 340 g of paraffin wax (Paraffin wax 135 manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd.) was added as a plasticizer, 17 g of t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate as a polymerization initiator was added, and the final polymerization temperature and time were 112 ° C. , And 1 hour and 30 minutes.
[0078]
Tables 1 to 3 show the results of the above measurements in each of the above Examples and Comparative Examples.
In Tables 1 to 3, the amounts (% by weight) of the plasticizer (fatty acid ester, paraffin) and the like are ratios to 100% by weight of the styrene resin.
As is clear from Tables 1 to 3, the expandable polystyrene resin particles according to Examples 1 to 7 and 9 to 12 of the present invention have an aromatic hydrocarbon content of 0.2% by weight or less. Excellent foaming properties.
In addition, the foamed molded article molded using the expandable polystyrene resin particles had a low emission rate, was hardly shrunk, and had excellent flexibility, shrinkage, surface appearance, and bending strength.
[0079]
In Example 8 and Comparative Example 5, the amount of the polymerization initiator, the final polymerization temperature and the time (112 ° C., 1.5 hours) were changed. More.
On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 3, since only 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride (fatty acid ester liquid at ordinary temperature) was used as a plasticizer, it contracted easily and had a poor surface appearance. In Comparative Examples 2 and 4, since only paraffin wax (solid paraffin at normal temperature) was used as a plasticizer, flexibility and surface appearance were inferior.
[0080]
[Table 1]
[0081]
[Table 2]
[0082]
[Table 3]
Claims (8)
発泡剤として沸点が90℃以下の有機化合物が3〜10重量%と,
可塑剤として常温で液体の脂肪酸エステル0.01〜2重量%と常温で固体のパラフィン0.01〜2重量%とを含有することを特徴とする発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子。For a styrene resin having a weight average molecular weight of 200,000 to 400,000, and 100% by weight of the styrene resin,
3 to 10% by weight of an organic compound having a boiling point of 90 ° C. or less as a foaming agent;
Expandable polystyrene resin particles containing as a plasticizer 0.01 to 2% by weight of a fatty acid ester which is liquid at ordinary temperature and 0.01 to 2% by weight of paraffin which is solid at ordinary temperature.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007099790A (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-19 | Jsp Corp | Method for producing colored foamable styrene resin particles |
| JP2007197471A (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-08-09 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Method for producing biofilm-forming carrier and biofilm-forming carrier |
| JP2009298969A (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-24 | Sekisui Plastics Co Ltd | Expandable polystyrene-based resin particle and polystyrene-based resin expansion-molded product |
| JP2012167267A (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-09-06 | Sekisui Plastics Co Ltd | Foamable polystyrene-based resin particle and method for producing the same and foam molded product |
| JP2015067757A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-13 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | Expandable polystyrene resin particles and production method thereof, and polystyrene resin pre-expanded particles and expanded molded body |
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| KR101789283B1 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2017-10-23 | 김삼범 | Indoor playground column cushioning material |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007099790A (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-19 | Jsp Corp | Method for producing colored foamable styrene resin particles |
| JP2007197471A (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-08-09 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Method for producing biofilm-forming carrier and biofilm-forming carrier |
| JP2009298969A (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-24 | Sekisui Plastics Co Ltd | Expandable polystyrene-based resin particle and polystyrene-based resin expansion-molded product |
| JP2012167267A (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-09-06 | Sekisui Plastics Co Ltd | Foamable polystyrene-based resin particle and method for producing the same and foam molded product |
| WO2013111368A1 (en) * | 2012-01-26 | 2013-08-01 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | Expandable polystyrene-type resin particles and method for producing same, and molded foam |
| CN104080847A (en) * | 2012-01-26 | 2014-10-01 | 积水化成品工业株式会社 | Expandable polystyrene-type resin particles and method for producing same, and molded foam |
| JP2015067757A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-13 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | Expandable polystyrene resin particles and production method thereof, and polystyrene resin pre-expanded particles and expanded molded body |
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