JP2004201601A - Creams with good flavor and excellent emulsion stability during distribution and storage, and a method for producing the same - Google Patents

Creams with good flavor and excellent emulsion stability during distribution and storage, and a method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004201601A
JP2004201601A JP2002375775A JP2002375775A JP2004201601A JP 2004201601 A JP2004201601 A JP 2004201601A JP 2002375775 A JP2002375775 A JP 2002375775A JP 2002375775 A JP2002375775 A JP 2002375775A JP 2004201601 A JP2004201601 A JP 2004201601A
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creams
cream
fat
nitrogen gas
treatment
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JP4236246B2 (en
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Yoshinori Komatsu
小松恵徳
Shigeru Tamai
茂 玉井
Hiroshi Kato
博 加藤
Tadashi Nakatsubo
正 中坪
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Meiji Dairies Corp
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Meiji Milk Products Co Ltd
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Priority to AU2003292665A priority patent/AU2003292665A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2003/016867 priority patent/WO2004062376A1/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B11/00Preservation of milk or dairy products
    • A23B11/30Preservation of cream or cream preparations
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L9/00Puddings; Cream substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L9/20Cream substitutes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23CDAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23C2240/00Use or particular additives or ingredients
    • A23C2240/20Inert gas treatment, using, e.g. noble gases or CO2, including CO2 liberated by chemical reaction; Carbonation of milk products

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)
  • Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
  • Grain Derivatives (AREA)

Abstract

【課題】加熱臭のない、クリーム本来の風味を有し、乳化安定性などの物性の良好なクリーム類、およびその製造法を提供する。
【解決手段】クリーム類に、不活性ガスを通気して液中溶存酸素を低下せしめたのちに、脱泡処理を行い、ついで加熱殺菌することにより、風味が良く、流通・保存時の乳化安定性にすぐれたクリーム類を製造する。脱泡処理は、減圧処理、遠心処理、静置処理のいずれかの一つ以上で行うことができる。
【選択図】 なし
An object of the present invention is to provide a cream having no heat smell, having the original flavor of a cream, and having good physical properties such as emulsion stability, and a method for producing the same.
SOLUTION: The cream is aerated with an inert gas to reduce the dissolved oxygen in the liquid, then defoamed, and then pasteurized by heating, so that the flavor is good and the emulsion is stable during distribution and storage. Manufacture creams with excellent properties. The defoaming treatment can be performed by any one or more of a reduced pressure treatment, a centrifugal treatment, and a stationary treatment.
[Selection diagram] None

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、クリーム本来の風味を有ししかも加熱臭がない良好な風味を有し、流通・保存時の乳化安定性にすぐれたクリーム類の製造法、このクリーム類を原料または副原料として使用する風味の良い油脂食品または油脂含有食品の製造法、およびこれらの製造法によって得られる風味のよいクリーム類、油脂食品または油脂含有食品を提供するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
乳及び乳製品の成分規格等に関する省令(昭和26年12月27日厚生省令第52号)において、「クリーム」とは、生乳、牛乳または特別牛乳から乳脂肪分以外の成分を除去したものをいう、と規定され、その成分規格として、乳脂肪分18.0%以上、酸度(乳酸として)0.20%以下であることが規定されている。生乳等からクリームを得る方法は乳脂肪と脱脂乳との比重差を利用して遠心力により機械的に分離する遠心分離法が普通であり、ディスク型の遠心分離機が常用されている。
【0003】
上記のクリームのほかに、使用原料の違いにより、バターやバターオイルなどの乳脂肪分に脱脂粉乳などの無脂乳固形分、乳化剤、水等を添加して製造した還元クリーム、乳脂肪分および植物性脂肪分に脱脂粉乳などの無脂乳固形分、乳化剤、安定剤、水等を添加して製造したコンパウンドクリーム、植物性脂肪分に脱脂粉乳などの無脂乳固形分、乳由来以外の蛋白質、乳化剤、安定剤、水等を添加して製造した合成クリームなどがある。
【0004】
これらの原料による分類であるクリーム、還元クリーム、コンパウンドクリーム、合成クリームは、用途別に、ホイップ用クリーム、コーヒー用クリーム、料理用クリームなどそれぞれに特定の脂肪率、物性に調整されている。また、クリームは、バターやバターオイルの原料用としても使用されている。
これらのクリーム類は、原料から調製された後に、殺菌工程に供される。プレート式熱交換殺菌機により、72〜75℃15秒間、82〜85℃10秒間の高温短時間殺菌法(HTST法)あるいは130〜140℃2秒間の超高温殺菌法(UHT法)で殺菌し、通常は、殺菌後直ちに10℃以下に冷却される。
【0005】
乳、乳を含有する未加熱液が殺菌時に加熱臭成分の代表であるジメチルジサルファイドを生成することが明らかにされおり(特許文献1)、本発明におけるクリーム類の殺菌工程においても、加熱により、乳蛋白質の変性をきたし、硫化水素、ジメチルサルファイド、ジメチルジサルファイド、ジメチルトリサルファイド等の硫化化合物に代表される加熱臭成分が発生することは明らかである。加熱されることにより、乳蛋白質(特にβ−ラクトグロブリンに代表されるホエイ蛋白質)は、熱変性を受け、ポリペプチド鎖中の含硫アミノ酸残基のジスルフィド結合が開裂し−SH基が露出し、一方、溶存している酸素は、乳脂肪中の不飽和脂肪酸と反応してラジカル化された過酸化脂質を生成する。硫化化合物は、前記乳蛋白質のポリペプチド鎖中の−SH基と、前記ラジカル化された過酸化脂質が反応して生成するといわれている。したがって、特にクリーム類は、生乳に比較して粘稠度が高いので熱の伝導が緩慢となり蛋白質の熱変性の程度が大きくなりやすく、かつ、脂肪含量が多いのでラジカル化された過酸化脂質が多く発生しやすいので硫化化合物の発生量が多くなり、加熱臭が発生しやすい傾向にある。
【0006】
牛乳等の溶存酸素を窒素ガスと置換して殺菌する方法において、牛乳等に窒素ガスを直接混合分散する手段と、窒素ガスを混入していない牛乳等を、窒素ガス雰囲気下の窒素ガス置換タンク内に貯留された窒素ガスを混合分散した牛乳等に、上方からノズルで噴霧する手段とを併用して、溶存酸素と窒素ガスとの置換により牛乳等の溶存酸素量を低下させた後、殺菌する、牛乳等の溶存酸素と窒素ガスと置換して殺菌する方法、および、牛乳等の溶存酸素を窒素ガスと置換する装置において、原料タンクと送液パイプで連結された窒素ガス置換タンクを設けると共に、前記送液パイプには、原料タンク側に窒素ガス供給手段を連結すると共に、前記窒素ガス置換タンク側に窒素ガス混合分散機を介装して、送液ポンプの窒素ガス供給手段より上流側に連接した分岐送液パイプの他端を窒素ガス置換タンク内に導き、該部に噴霧ノズルを連接し、前記各送液パイプ、窒素ガス供給手段および連接分岐パイプに流量制御装置を備えた牛乳等の窒素ガス置換装置(特許文献2)が報告されている。
【0007】
この報告において、液中溶存酸素を窒素ガスと置換して溶存酸素量を低下させて殺菌する方法は、牛乳以外の飲料で窒素ガスの混合分散により過度に発泡する性質を有する他の飲料、例えば加工乳、乳飲料、還元乳、乳酸菌飲料、生クリーム、果汁飲料等にも適用できる旨記載されている。しかしながら、クリーム類のように粘稠度の高いものは、この方法、装置によっては混合分散させた窒素ガスを十分に脱気することは不可能である。そして、窒素ガスの脱気が不十分のまま次工程の殺菌をすると、窒素ガスの気泡を多量に含んだクリーム類となり、保存・移送時の乳化安定性が劣るという欠点があり、現状においてはクリーム類を窒素ガス置換して加熱殺菌する実用可能な方法、装置は見出されていない。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
特開平10−295341号
【特許文献2】
特許第3091752号
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このように、クリーム類中に存在する溶存酸素が加熱処理による風味劣化の一因であるとの従来の知見に基づいて、クリーム類を強度の減圧下に保持することにより、液中溶存酸素を大幅に低下させて加熱処理をしたところ、加熱臭の発生を防止することはできたが、同時にクリームの風味に欠くべからざる香気が除去されてしまい目的とする風味のよいクリーム類を得ることができなかった。
また、クリーム類の溶存酸素が十分低下するように不活性ガス置換を行ない加熱処理をすると、加熱臭の発生を減少させることはできるが、微細な気泡が多量にクリーム類に取り込まれ、これら微細な気泡は、クリーム類の乳化状態の安定性を著しく損なうものであって、配送時の振動によるクリーム類の凝固や、長期保存時のクリーム塊の生成等を引き起こす原因となり、クリーム類の商品性を著しく損なうものであった。
【0010】
不活性ガス置換クリーム類の気泡を除去するために、不活性ガス置換後に気泡を含んだクリーム類を静置保持したり、クリームの流路の途中に保持タンク等を設け、一時的に貯留することで気泡を除去することはできるが、保持時間を相当長くとらなければならず、少量処理の場合は設備経費も少なくなり有利に使用可能であるが、大量処理の場合には製造効率が悪く適切な製造法とはいえない。また、特許文献2に示されている不活性ガス置換装置を使用して脱泡する方法は、粘稠度の高いクリーム類では望ましい範囲にまで気泡を除去することができなかった。
本発明は、これらクリーム類に特有の問題点を解決して、不活性ガス置換による液中溶存酸素の低下を図り、その上で加熱処理を行う、すぐれた風味を有し、かつ流通・保存時に重大な影響を及ぼす乳化安定性に優れたクリーム類を製造することを目的とするものである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記目的を達成するためになされたものであって、本発明者らは、各方面から検討の結果、クリーム類(液温が95℃以下、好ましくは10℃〜85℃、さらに好ましくは25℃〜70℃のもの)に、不活性ガスを通気して液中溶存酸素を低下せしめたのちに、減圧処理、遠心処理、静置処理のいずれかの一つ以上の脱泡処理を行い、ついで加熱処理することにより、クリーム本来の風味を有ししかも加熱臭がない良好な風味を有し、流通・保存時の乳化安定性にすぐれたクリーム類を得ることができることを見出した。
【0012】
また、この脱酸素操作を加えたクリーム類を原料として使用して製造してなる油脂食品または油脂含有食品は、加熱臭がほとんどなく、脱酸素操作を加えていないクリーム類を使用した通常品よりも風味の良好な製品を得ることできた。
【0013】
さらに、この脱酸素操作を加えたクリーム類を副原料として使用して製造してなる油脂含有食品は、加熱臭がほとんどなく、脱酸素操作を加えていないクリーム類を使用した通常品よりも風味の良好な製品を得ることできた。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳しく説明する。
本発明におけるクリーム類としては、クリーム、還元クリーム、コンパウンドクリーム、合成クリーム、およびこれらのクリーム類を原料として含有するクリーム様食品などがあげられる。クリームは、生乳、牛乳または特別牛乳をディスク型の遠心分離機に通してクリームと脱脂乳に分離して得ることが常用されている。クリームの乳脂肪率は一般的にコーヒー用又は料理用には20〜30%、ケーキなどに使用するホイップ用には40〜50%に調整されるほか、用途に応じてその他の乳脂肪率のものも広く使用できる。
【0015】
上記のクリームのほかに、還元クリームは、バターやバターオイルなどの乳脂肪成分に脱脂粉乳などの無脂乳固形分、乳化剤、水等を添加して混合溶解して製造される。コンパウンドクリームは、乳脂肪分および植物性脂肪分に脱脂粉乳などの無脂乳固形分、乳化剤、安定剤、水等を添加して混合溶解して製造される。合成クリームは、植物性脂肪分に脱脂粉乳などの無脂乳固形分、乳由来以外の蛋白質、乳化剤、安定剤、水等を添加し混合溶解して製造される。これらのクリーム類の脂肪率は前述のクリームの場合と同様に用途に応じて低脂肪率のものから高脂肪率のものまで自在に調整して製造することができる。クリーム類を原料として含有するクリーム様食品は、ホワイトソース、カスタードクリームなど常法により製造するものを使用することができる。
【0016】
クリーム類の加熱殺菌は、常用の殺菌法をすべて実施することができる。例えば、保持殺菌法では63℃30分間、プレート式熱交換殺菌法では、72〜75℃15秒間、82〜85℃10秒間の高温短時間殺菌法(HTST法)あるいは130〜140℃2秒間の超高温殺菌法(UHT法)を実施することができ、通常は、殺菌後直ちに10℃以下に冷却される。
【0017】
不活性ガス(窒素ガス、アルゴンガス等、以下、窒素ガスをその代表として本発明を説明する)の通気(バブリングということもある)は、クリーム類を貯液したタンク内で、もしくはクリーム類の移送パイプ内等で、クリーム類の液温を、95℃以下、好ましくは10℃〜85℃、さらに好ましくは25℃〜70℃にして実施することが好ましい。液温が高すぎるとクリーム類に熱変性、加熱臭が発生し、液温が低すぎるとクリーム類の粘稠度が高く窒素ガスの通気が困難になるので好ましくない。脱酸素処理を行っていないクリーム類の溶存酸素濃度は、通常10〜15ppmである。これに上記の脱酸素操作を加え、クリーム中の溶存酸素濃度を5ppm以下、好ましくは2ppm以下に低下させる。
【0018】
クリーム類のように粘稠度の高いものは、従来知られている方法、装置(例えが特許文献2に記載のもの)を活用しても、混合分散させた窒素ガスを十分に脱気することは不可能である。また、窒素ガスの脱気が不十分のまま次工程の殺菌をすると、窒素ガスの気泡を多量に含んだクリーム類を殺菌することになり、保存・移送時の乳化安定性が劣る製品しか製造をすることができない。そこで、本発明においては、クリーム類に窒素ガスを通気後に脱泡処理をおこなって窒素ガスの気泡を除去することを特徴とするものであり、その脱泡処理としては、減圧処理、遠心処理、静置処理のいずれかの一つ以上を実施する。
【0019】
減圧処理は、窒素ガスを通気したクリーム類を貯液した密閉式タンクを密閉して−5〜−60kPa、好ましくは−10〜−45kPa、より好ましくは−15〜−35kPaに減圧することにより実施することができる。減圧処理は、密閉式タンクを使用してバッチ処理をするほかに、減圧操作をしている密閉容器にポンプでクリーム類を供給、排出して連続処理をすることもできる。減圧度が低いとクリーム類の気泡の残存が多く加熱殺菌により乳化安定性が不良になり、また、減圧度が高いとクリーム本来の風味が弱くなり好ましくない。
【0020】
遠心処理は、窒素ガスを通気したクリーム類を遠心分離器(回転直径90mm)にかけることにより900rpm、1分間程度の強度で実施することが好ましい。遠心処理の強度が弱い(600rpm、1分間程度)と気泡の残存が多く加熱殺菌により乳化安定性が不良になり、また、遠心処理の強度が強い(1200rpm、1分間程度)と遠心処理中にクリームの乳化状態が劣化し、殺菌済クリームの乳化安定性が不良になり好ましくない。遠心処理は、前記の遠心分離器によるバッチ処理のほかに、ディスク型クリーム分離機などを通す連続処理も可能である。
【0021】
静置処理は、窒素ガスを通気したクリーム類を貯液したタンク内で撹拌することなく少なくとも10分以上、好ましくは少なくとも15分以上、より好ましくは少なくとも30分以上静置することにより実施することができる。静置時間を長くするほどより完全に脱泡することができるが製造効率が低下するのでこの点を勘案して適切な静置時間を設定することが好ましい。
【0022】
窒素ガスを通気したクリーム類の脱泡処理は、クリーム類の液温を、95℃以下、好ましくは10℃〜85℃、さらに好ましくは25℃〜70℃にして実施するのが好ましい。液温が高すぎるとクリーム類に熱変性、加熱臭が発生し、液温が低すぎるとクリーム類の粘稠度が高く窒素ガスの脱泡が困難になるので好ましくない。
【0023】
このようにして、クリーム(液温が95℃以下、好ましくは10℃〜85℃、さらに好ましくは25℃〜70℃のもの)に、窒素ガスを通気して液中溶存酸素を低下せしめたのちに、減圧処理、遠心処理、静置処理のいずれかの一つ以上の脱泡処理を行い、ついで加熱処理することにより得られるクリームを原料として使用して常法により製造して得られるバターやバターオイルなどの油脂食品は、加熱臭がない良好な風味を有するものである。 そして、これらの油脂食品を原料として使用して常法により製造して得られるファットスプレッドなどの油脂含有食品は、加熱臭がない良好な風味を有するものである。
【0024】
また、脱酸素操作を加えたクリーム類、このクリーム類を原料として製造して得られる油脂含有食品の一つ以上を原料として使用して常法により製造して得られるクリーム入りマーガリンなどの油脂含有食品は、加熱臭がない良好な風味を有するものである。
【0025】
【実施例】
以下に本発明を実施例、比較例、実験例を挙げて説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
〔試験例1〕
生クリーム(未殺菌クリーム、以下同じ)(脂肪率47%)20kgをタンクに貯液し40℃に調整し、窒素ガスでバブリングすることにより、液中溶存酸素を低下させた後、プレート式熱交換殺菌機を用いて120℃2秒間の殺菌処理を行った。窒素ガス置換および窒素ガス未置換(対照)生クリームの工程別の溶存酸素濃度、殺菌済クリームの物性、風味検査結果を表1に示した。
【0026】
クリームの溶存酸素濃度(mg/L)は、ポータブルDO計(DO−21p、東亜電波工業(株))の電極を浸漬して測定した。クリームの粘度(mPa・s)は、B型粘度計(DVL−B2、(株)トキメック)により測定した。ホイップ時間は、ハンドミキサー(MK−H3、松下電器産業(株))を用い、最高速でビーターを回転させ、クリームがホイップするまでの時間を計測した。オーバーラン( % )は、ホイップ前後のクリームを一定容量とり重量を測定し、数1の式により算出した。これらの測定方法は本発明の説明において以下同じである。
【0027】
[数1]
オーバーラン(%)={ホイップ前のクリーム重量(g)−ホイップ後のクリーム重量(g)}/ホイップ後のクリーム重量(g)×100
【0028】
【表1】

Figure 2004201601
【0029】
表1の結果より明らかなように、窒素ガス置換生クリームは、バブリング処理により液中溶存酸素濃度が1ppm以下に低下し、 専門パネルによる殺菌済みクリームの風味検査のコメントによれば、窒素ガス置換品の方が窒素ガス未置換品に比較して、新鮮な乳風味が強く好ましいものであった。
この試験例により、窒素ガス置換をして、液中溶存酸素を低下させて加熱殺菌をすると加熱臭が減少し、新鮮な乳風味が強いことを確認することができた。
【0030】
〔比較例1〕
生クリーム(脂肪率48%)20kgを密閉式タンクに貯液し40℃に調整し、撹拌しながら減圧下(減圧度(kPa):−76、−63、−50、0(対照))に5分間保持することにより、液中溶存酸素を低下させた後、プレート式熱交換殺菌機を用いて120℃2秒間の殺菌処理を行った。減圧度別の生クリームの工程別の溶存酸素濃度、殺菌済クリームの物性、風味検査の結果を表2に示した。
【0031】
クリームの気泡の残存は目視により測定した。クリームの乳化安定性は、クリーム100gを200mlビーカーに入れ、25℃で120回/分の震とうを与えたときの凝固するまでの時間により評価した。凝固するまでの時間が、2時間以上のときは「良好」、1時間30分以上2時間未満のときは「やや良好」、1時間以上1時間30分未満のときは「やや不良」、1時間未満のときは「不良」とした。クリームの風味検査は、専門パネル5名のうち4名以上で一致がみられた特徴を表記した。これらの測定方法は本発明の説明において以下同じである。
【0032】
【表2】
Figure 2004201601
【0033】
表2の結果より明らかなように、−50〜−76kPaの減圧処理により生クリームの溶存酸素濃度を3.77〜0.75mg/Lに低下させることができたが、殺菌済のクリームは減圧度が高くなるに従ってクリーム本来の香気が弱くなり、かつ乳化安定性も不良になり好ましいものではなかった。
この比較例によって、窒素ガス置換をして液中溶存酸素濃度を低下させて、強度に減圧にして窒素ガスの気泡を除去して後加熱殺菌をすると、加熱臭は減少するが、新鮮な乳風味が弱まり、好ましいクリームが得られないことを確認することができた。
【0034】
〔試験例2〕
生クリーム(脂肪率47%)20kgをタンクに貯液し50℃に調整し、窒素ガスでバブリングすることにより、液中溶存酸素を低下させた後、プレート式熱交換殺菌機を用いて140℃2秒間の殺菌処理を行った。窒素ガス置換および窒素ガス未置換(対照)生クリームの工程別の溶存酸素濃度、殺菌済クリームの物性、風味検査結果を表3に示した。
【0035】
【表3】
Figure 2004201601
【0036】
表3の結果より明らかなように、窒素ガス置換生クリームは、バブリング処理により液中溶存酸素濃度が2ppm以下に低下し、殺菌済みクリームは、窒素ガス置換品の方が窒素ガス未置換品に比較して、新鮮な乳風味は強いが、窒素ガスの気泡の残存がきわめて多く乳化安定性が不良であり、配送時の振動によるクリーム類の凝固や、長期保存時のクリーム塊の生成等を引き起こすことが予測され好ましいものではなかった。
【0037】
〔実施例1〕
生クリーム(脂肪率47%、酸度0.104、pH6.79)20kgをタンクに貯液し35℃に調整し、窒素ガスでバブリングすることにより、液中溶存酸素を低下させた後、所定時間生クリームを静置し自然脱泡をした。ついでプレート式熱交換殺菌機を用いて110℃2秒間の殺菌処理を行った。静置時間別の生クリームの工程別溶存酸素濃度、殺菌済クリームの物性、風味検査の結果を表4に示した。
【0038】
【表4】
Figure 2004201601
【0039】
表4の結果より明らかなように、窒素ガス置換生クリームは、バブリング処理により液中溶存酸素濃度が1ppm以下に低下し、殺菌済みクリームは、窒素ガス置換品の方が窒素ガス未置換品に比較して、新鮮な乳風味が強かった。一方、窒素ガスのバブリング後に静置脱泡をしないときは、窒素ガスの気泡の残存がきわめて多く乳化安定性が不良であった。静置脱泡を15分間または30分間したときは、窒素ガスの気泡の残存が「やや多い」〜「少ない」の範囲になり乳化安定性も改善されており、特に、静置脱泡を30分間したときは、気泡の残存が少なく乳化安定性も良好であった。
【0040】
〔実施例2〕
生クリーム(脂肪率45%)20kgを密閉式タンクに貯液し50℃に調整し、窒素ガスでバブリングすることにより、液中溶存酸素を低下させた後、密閉式タンク内を減圧し、所定の減圧度に5分間保持し脱泡をした。ついでプレート式熱交換殺菌機を用いて100℃30秒間の殺菌処理を行った。減圧度別の生クリームの工程別溶存酸素濃度、殺菌済クリームの物性、風味検査の結果を表5に示した。
【0041】
【表5】
Figure 2004201601
【0042】
表5の結果より明らかなように、窒素ガス置換生クリームは、バブリング処理により液中溶存酸素濃度が1ppm以下に低下し、殺菌済みクリームは、窒素ガス置換品のうち、減圧度−15〜−35kPa、特に−15〜−19kPaの減圧処理をしたものは、クリーム本来の乳風味を有し加熱臭のない良好な風味を有し、かつ乳化安定性も良好であった。これらに比較して、減圧処理をしてないものは、気泡の残存が多く乳化安定性が不良であり、減圧度−70kPaの強い減圧処理をしたものは、クリーム本来の乳風味が弱く好ましいものでなかった。
【0043】
〔実施例3〕
生クリーム(脂肪率42%)20kgをタンクに貯液し50℃に調整し、窒素ガスでバブリングすることにより、液中溶存酸素を低下させた後、この窒素ガス置換生クリーム0.3Lを円筒容器(直径90mm×高さ140mm)に入れ、円筒容器を1分間回転させて遠心脱泡をし、5バッチ分をひとまとめにした。この遠心脱泡をした窒素ガス置換生クリーム1.5Lを、直ちに小型プレート式熱交換殺菌機(FT−74P、Armfield社製)を用いて130℃2秒間の殺菌処理を行った。遠心脱泡の強度は、円筒容器の回転数で調整して、強(1200rpm)、中(900rpm)、弱(600rpm)とした。遠心脱泡の強度別の生クリームの工程別溶存酸素濃度、殺菌済クリームの物性、風味検査の結果を表6に示した。
【0044】
【表6】
Figure 2004201601
【0045】
表6の結果より明らかなように、遠心脱泡処理をした窒素ガス置換生クリームは、すべてのもので、クリーム本来の乳風味を有し加熱臭のない良好な風味を有していたが、遠心脱泡の強度が強いもの、または弱いものは、乳化安定性がやや不良であった。
【0046】
〔実施例4〕
実施例2で得られた減圧脱泡処理をした窒素ガス置換生クリームの殺菌済みクリーム▲2▼から▲4▼(脂肪率45%)を原料として使用して常法によりバター3バッチを製造した。窒素ガス置換を行わない対照クリームを原料として使用して製造したバターに比べて、いずれのバッチのバターも加熱臭がなく良好な風味を呈した。
【0047】
〔実施例5〕
実施例3で得られた遠心脱泡処理をした窒素ガス置換生クリームの殺菌済みクリーム▲2▼(脂肪率42%)を副原料として使用して下記表7の配合表に基づいて常法によりマーガリンを製造した。窒素ガス置換を行わない対照クリームを副原料として使用して製造したマーガリンに比べて、新鮮な乳風味が強く良好な風味を呈した。
【0048】
【表7】
Figure 2004201601
【0049】
〔実施例6〕
実施例1で得られた静置脱泡処理をした窒素ガス置換生クリームの殺菌済みクリーム▲2▼(脂肪率47%)を原料として使用して常法によりバターオイルを製造した。このようにして得られたバターオイルを下記表8の配合表に基づいて乳化剤、食塩とともに脱脂乳に分散させ、ついで、窒素ガスでバブリングすることにより、液中溶存酸素を減少させた後、転相および110℃30秒間加熱殺菌処理を行いファットスプレッドを得た。通常のバターオイルを使用して製造したファットスプレット、窒素ガス置換を行わずに製造したファットスプレッドに比べて、加熱臭がなく良好な風味を呈した。
【0050】
【表8】
Figure 2004201601
【0051】
〔実施例7〕
下記表9の配合表に基づいて、生クリームを含む原料を混合し、ついで、窒素ガスをバブリングすることにより、液中溶存酸素を減少させた後、30分間静置脱泡処理をした。続いて、110℃30秒間の加熱殺菌処理をした。このようにして製造したカスタードクリームは、窒素ガス置換を行わずに製造したカスタードクリームに比べて、新鮮な乳風味が強く良好な風味を呈した。
【0052】
【表9】
Figure 2004201601
【0053】
【発明の効果】
クリーム類に、不活性ガスを通気して液中溶存酸素を低下せしめたのちに、脱泡処理を行い、ついで加熱殺菌をすること、からなる本発明によれば、クリーム類が、その加熱殺菌時に、液中溶存酸素に基づく加熱臭を発生するのを防止し、併せてクリーム本来の風味を維持することができる。また、殺菌済のクリーム類の乳化安定性などの物性も良好であってすぐれたクリーム類を提供することができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing creams having the original flavor of cream and good flavor without heating odor, and having excellent emulsion stability during distribution and storage, and using this cream as a raw material or an auxiliary raw material. It is intended to provide a method for producing a savory oil-and-fat food or an oil-and-fat-containing food, and creams, oil-and-fat foods or an oil-and-fat-containing food having a good savory taste obtained by these methods.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the Ministerial Ordinance on Milk and Dairy Product Standards (Ministry of Health and Welfare Ordinance No. 52, December 27, 1951), “cream” refers to raw milk, milk or special milk, from which components other than milk fat have been removed. As a component standard, it is specified that the milk fat content is 18.0% or more and the acidity (as lactic acid) is 0.20% or less. A method for obtaining cream from raw milk or the like is usually a centrifugal separation method in which a specific gravity difference between milk fat and skim milk is used to mechanically separate the milk by centrifugal force, and a disk-type centrifuge is commonly used.
[0003]
In addition to the creams described above, depending on the raw materials used, non-fat milk solids such as skim milk powder, milk fats such as butter oil, a reduced cream made by adding an emulsifier, water, etc., milk fats and Non-fat milk solids such as skim milk powder to vegetable fats, compound creams prepared by adding emulsifiers, stabilizers, water, etc., non-fat milk solids such as skim milk milk to vegetable fats, other than those derived from milk There are synthetic creams produced by adding proteins, emulsifiers, stabilizers, water and the like.
[0004]
Creams, reduced creams, compound creams, and synthetic creams, which are classified based on these raw materials, are adjusted to specific fat percentages and physical properties for whipping creams, coffee creams, cooking creams, and the like, according to applications. Cream is also used as a raw material for butter and butter oil.
These creams are subjected to a sterilization step after being prepared from raw materials. Sterilized by high-temperature short-time sterilization method (HTST method) at 72-75 ° C for 15 seconds and 82-85 ° C for 10 seconds or ultra-high temperature sterilization method at 130-140 ° C for 2 seconds (UHT method) using a plate heat exchange sterilizer. Usually, it is cooled to 10 ° C. or less immediately after sterilization.
[0005]
It has been clarified that milk, an unheated liquid containing milk produces dimethyl disulfide which is a representative of heated odor components during sterilization (Patent Document 1). It is evident that the milk protein is denatured and that a heated odor component typified by sulfurized compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide is generated. When heated, milk proteins (especially whey proteins typified by β-lactoglobulin) undergo thermal denaturation, whereby the disulfide bond of the sulfur-containing amino acid residue in the polypeptide chain is cleaved, exposing the -SH group. On the other hand, dissolved oxygen reacts with unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat to produce radicalized lipid peroxide. It is said that the sulfurized compound is formed by a reaction between the -SH group in the polypeptide chain of the milk protein and the radicalized lipid peroxide. Therefore, creams, in particular, have a higher consistency than raw milk, so heat conduction is slower, the degree of thermal denaturation of proteins tends to be larger, and radicalized lipid peroxide is more likely due to the higher fat content. Since a large amount is likely to be generated, the generation amount of the sulfide compound is increased, and the heating odor tends to be easily generated.
[0006]
In a method of dissolving dissolved oxygen in milk or the like with nitrogen gas for sterilization, a means for directly mixing and dispersing nitrogen gas in milk or the like, and a method of replacing milk or the like containing no nitrogen gas with a nitrogen gas replacement tank in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. After mixing the nitrogen gas stored in the milk and the like with a means of spraying from above with a nozzle, the amount of dissolved oxygen such as milk is reduced by replacing the dissolved oxygen with nitrogen gas, and then sterilized. In a method for disinfecting by replacing dissolved oxygen such as milk with nitrogen gas, and an apparatus for replacing dissolved oxygen such as milk with nitrogen gas, a nitrogen gas replacement tank connected with a raw material tank and a liquid feed pipe is provided. Along with the liquid sending pipe, a nitrogen gas supply means is connected to the raw material tank side, and a nitrogen gas mixing and dispersing machine is interposed on the nitrogen gas replacement tank side. The other end of the branch liquid feed pipe connected to the flow side is guided into the nitrogen gas replacement tank, and a spray nozzle is connected to the portion, and a flow control device is provided in each of the liquid feed pipes, the nitrogen gas supply means and the connecting branch pipe. A device for replacing nitrogen gas in milk and the like (Patent Document 2) has been reported.
[0007]
In this report, the method of dissolving the dissolved oxygen in the liquid with nitrogen gas to reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen and sterilizing is a beverage other than milk, which has the property of excessively foaming by mixing and dispersing nitrogen gas in beverages other than milk, for example. It is described that it can be applied to processed milk, milk drink, reduced milk, lactic acid bacteria drink, fresh cream, fruit juice drink and the like. However, it is impossible to sufficiently deaerate nitrogen gas mixed and dispersed in creams having high consistency depending on the method and apparatus. When sterilization in the next step is performed with insufficient degassing of nitrogen gas, creams containing a large amount of nitrogen gas bubbles are obtained, and there is a disadvantage that emulsification stability during storage / transfer is inferior. Practical methods and devices for purifying creams by heating with nitrogen gas have not been found.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-10-295341 [Patent Document 2]
Patent No. 3091752 [0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, based on the conventional knowledge that the dissolved oxygen present in the creams is a cause of the flavor deterioration due to the heat treatment, the dissolved oxygen in the liquid is maintained by maintaining the creams under a strong reduced pressure. When the heat treatment was performed at a significantly reduced temperature, the generation of heat odor could be prevented, but at the same time, the indispensable aroma lacking in the flavor of the cream was removed, and the desired flavored creams could be obtained. could not.
In addition, if heat treatment is performed by performing inert gas replacement so that the dissolved oxygen of the creams is sufficiently reduced, the generation of heated odor can be reduced, but a large amount of fine bubbles are taken in the creams and these fine Air bubbles significantly impair the stability of the emulsified state of creams, causing the coagulation of creams due to vibration during delivery and the formation of cream lumps during long-term storage. Was significantly impaired.
[0010]
In order to remove the bubbles of the inert gas replacement creams, the creams containing the bubbles are allowed to stand still after the inert gas replacement, or a holding tank or the like is provided in the middle of the cream flow path and temporarily stored. Although air bubbles can be removed by this, the holding time must be considerably long, and in the case of a small amount processing, the equipment cost is reduced and it can be used advantageously, but in the case of a large amount processing, the production efficiency is poor. It is not an appropriate manufacturing method. In addition, the method of defoaming using an inert gas replacement device described in Patent Document 2 cannot remove bubbles to a desirable range with creams having high consistency.
The present invention solves the problems peculiar to these creams, reduces the dissolved oxygen in the liquid by replacing the inert gas, and performs a heat treatment thereon. The purpose of the present invention is to produce creams having excellent emulsification stability, which sometimes have a significant effect.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made in order to achieve the above object, and the present inventors have studied from various aspects, and found that creams (liquid temperature is 95 ° C or lower, preferably 10 ° C to 85 ° C, (Preferably 25 ° C. to 70 ° C.) after reducing the dissolved oxygen in the liquid by passing an inert gas through, followed by defoaming at least one of decompression, centrifugation, and standing. And then heat-treated, it has been found that it is possible to obtain creams having an original flavor of cream and a good flavor without heating smell, and having excellent emulsion stability during distribution and storage. .
[0012]
In addition, fats and oils foods or fats and oils-containing foods manufactured using the creams subjected to the deoxygenation operation as raw materials have almost no heating odor and are higher than ordinary products using creams without the deoxygenation operation. Even a good flavor product could be obtained.
[0013]
In addition, the fat-containing food produced using the deoxidized creams as an auxiliary material has almost no heated odor and is more flavorful than a normal product using creams without the deoxidized operation. Good product was obtained.
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
Examples of the creams in the present invention include creams, reduced creams, compound creams, synthetic creams, and cream-like foods containing these creams as raw materials. It is customary to obtain a cream by passing raw milk, milk or special milk through a disc-type centrifuge to separate the cream into skim milk. The milk fat percentage of the cream is generally adjusted to 20 to 30% for coffee or cooking, 40 to 50% for whipping used in cakes, etc., and other milk fat percentages depending on the application. Things can also be used widely.
[0015]
In addition to the cream described above, a reduced cream is produced by adding a non-fat milk solid such as skim milk powder, an emulsifier, water and the like to a milk fat component such as butter and butter oil, and mixing and dissolving. The compound cream is produced by adding a non-fat milk solid such as skim milk powder, an emulsifier, a stabilizer, water and the like to milk fat and vegetable fat and mixing and dissolving them. Synthetic creams are produced by adding non-fat milk solids such as skim milk powder, non-milk-derived proteins, emulsifiers, stabilizers, water and the like to vegetable fats and mixing and dissolving them. The fat percentage of these creams can be adjusted freely from low fat percentages to high fat percentages according to the applications, as in the case of the aforementioned creams, and can be produced. As the cream-like food containing creams as a raw material, foods produced by a conventional method such as white sauce and custard cream can be used.
[0016]
Heat sterilization of creams can be carried out by all conventional sterilization methods. For example, a high-temperature short-time sterilization method (HTST method) at 63 ° C. for 30 minutes in the holding sterilization method and 72-75 ° C. for 15 seconds and 82-85 ° C. for 10 seconds in the plate heat exchange sterilization method or 130-140 ° C. for 2 seconds. An ultra-high temperature sterilization method (UHT method) can be performed, and is usually cooled to 10 ° C. or less immediately after sterilization.
[0017]
Ventilation of an inert gas (nitrogen gas, argon gas, etc., hereinafter, the present invention will be described with nitrogen gas as a representative) (may be referred to as bubbling) is performed in a tank in which creams are stored, or in a tank of creams. It is preferable that the temperature of the cream is 95 ° C. or lower, preferably 10 ° C. to 85 ° C., more preferably 25 ° C. to 70 ° C., for example, in a transfer pipe. If the liquid temperature is too high, the creams will be thermally denatured and generate a heated odor, and if the liquid temperature is too low, the creams will have too high a viscosity to make nitrogen gas aeration difficult, which is not preferable. The dissolved oxygen concentration of the creams that have not been subjected to the deoxidation treatment is usually 10 to 15 ppm. The deoxygenation operation described above is added to this to lower the dissolved oxygen concentration in the cream to 5 ppm or less, preferably 2 ppm or less.
[0018]
For those having a high consistency such as creams, the mixed and dispersed nitrogen gas is sufficiently degassed even by utilizing a conventionally known method and apparatus (for example, those described in Patent Document 2). It is impossible. In addition, if sterilization in the next step is performed with insufficient degassing of nitrogen gas, creams containing a large amount of nitrogen gas bubbles will be sterilized, and only products with poor emulsification stability during storage and transfer will be manufactured. Can not do. Therefore, the present invention is characterized in that defoaming is performed after nitrogen gas is passed through the creams to remove bubbles of nitrogen gas, and the defoaming is performed under reduced pressure, centrifugation, Perform at least one of the stationary processes.
[0019]
The decompression treatment is performed by sealing the closed tank storing the creams to which nitrogen gas has been ventilated, and reducing the pressure to -5 to -60 kPa, preferably -10 to -45 kPa, and more preferably -15 to -35 kPa. can do. In the decompression treatment, besides performing a batch treatment using a closed tank, creams can be supplied to and discharged from a sealed container that is under a decompression operation by a pump to perform a continuous treatment. If the degree of decompression is low, the foams of the creams will remain so much that the emulsification stability will be poor due to heat sterilization, and if the degree of decompression is high, the original flavor of the cream will be weakened, which is not preferable.
[0020]
The centrifugal treatment is preferably performed at 900 rpm for about 1 minute by applying a cream to which a nitrogen gas has been passed through a centrifugal separator (rotating diameter: 90 mm). When the strength of the centrifugal treatment is weak (600 rpm, about 1 minute), many bubbles remain and the emulsification stability becomes poor due to heat sterilization, and when the strength of the centrifugal treatment is strong (1200 rpm, about 1 minute), the The emulsified state of the cream deteriorates, and the emulsion stability of the pasteurized cream becomes poor, which is not preferable. In the centrifugal treatment, besides the batch treatment by the centrifuge, a continuous treatment through a disc-type cream separator or the like is also possible.
[0021]
The standing treatment is carried out by leaving standing in a tank storing creams to which nitrogen gas has been passed without stirring for at least 10 minutes or more, preferably at least 15 minutes or more, more preferably at least 30 minutes or more. Can be. The longer the standing time, the more completely the defoaming can be performed, but the lower the production efficiency. Therefore, it is preferable to set an appropriate standing time in consideration of this point.
[0022]
The defoaming treatment of the creams to which nitrogen gas has been passed is preferably performed at a liquid temperature of the creams of 95 ° C or lower, preferably 10 ° C to 85 ° C, more preferably 25 ° C to 70 ° C. If the liquid temperature is too high, heat denaturation and heating odor will be generated in the creams, and if the liquid temperature is too low, the viscosity of the creams will be high and it will be difficult to remove bubbles from nitrogen gas.
[0023]
In this way, the cream (having a liquid temperature of 95 ° C. or lower, preferably 10 ° C. to 85 ° C., more preferably 25 ° C. to 70 ° C.) is blown with nitrogen gas to reduce dissolved oxygen in the liquid. In addition, vacuum treatment, centrifugal treatment, one or more of the defoaming treatment of standing treatment, then using the cream obtained by heat treatment as a raw material butter obtained by a conventional method and Oil and fat foods such as butter oil have a good flavor without heat smell. A fat-containing food such as a fat spread obtained by using such a fat food as a raw material by a conventional method has a good flavor without a heating odor.
[0024]
In addition, creams subjected to a deoxygenation operation, fats and oils such as margarine with creams obtained by a conventional method using one or more of the fats and oils containing foods obtained by manufacturing the creams as a raw material The food has a good flavor without a heated odor.
[0025]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to Examples, Comparative Examples, and Experimental Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[Test Example 1]
20 kg of fresh cream (unpasteurized cream, the same applies hereinafter) (fat ratio: 47%) is stored in a tank, adjusted to 40 ° C., and bubbled with nitrogen gas to reduce dissolved oxygen in the liquid. Sterilization treatment was performed at 120 ° C. for 2 seconds using an exchange sterilizer. Table 1 shows the dissolved oxygen concentration, the physical properties of the pasteurized cream, and the results of the flavor test for the fresh cream with and without the replacement of nitrogen gas (control).
[0026]
The dissolved oxygen concentration (mg / L) of the cream was measured by immersing an electrode of a portable DO meter (DO-21p, Toa Denpa Kogyo KK). The viscosity (mPa · s) of the cream was measured by a B-type viscometer (DVL-B2, Tokimec Co., Ltd.). The whipping time was measured by using a hand mixer (MK-H3, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.), rotating the beater at the highest speed, and whipping the cream. The overrun (%) was calculated by the formula of Equation 1 by taking a fixed volume of the cream before and after whipping and measuring the weight. These measuring methods are the same in the description of the present invention hereinafter.
[0027]
[Equation 1]
Overrun (%) = {Cream weight before whipping (g) −Cream weight after whipping (g)} / Cream weight after whipping (g) × 100
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004201601
[0029]
As is clear from the results shown in Table 1, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the liquid of the fresh nitrogen gas-replaced cream was reduced to 1 ppm or less by bubbling treatment. The product had a stronger and fresher milk flavor than the product not substituted with nitrogen gas and was preferred.
According to this test example, it was possible to confirm that when the solution was replaced with nitrogen gas, the dissolved oxygen in the liquid was reduced, and the solution was sterilized by heating, the heated odor was reduced and the fresh milk flavor was strong.
[0030]
[Comparative Example 1]
20 kg of fresh cream (fat 48%) is stored in a closed tank, adjusted to 40 ° C., and under reduced pressure while stirring (pressure reduction (kPa): -76, -63, -50, 0 (control)). After maintaining the solution for 5 minutes to reduce dissolved oxygen in the liquid, sterilization treatment was performed at 120 ° C. for 2 seconds using a plate-type heat exchange sterilizer. Table 2 shows the dissolved oxygen concentration, the physical properties of the sterilized cream, and the results of the flavor test for each step of the fresh cream according to the degree of reduced pressure.
[0031]
The remaining air bubbles of the cream were measured visually. The emulsification stability of the cream was evaluated by placing 100 g of the cream in a 200 ml beaker and subjecting it to shaking at 25 ° C. and 120 times / min until solidification. "Good" when solidification time is 2 hours or more, "Slightly good" when 1 hour 30 minutes or more and less than 2 hours, "Somewhat bad" when 1 hour or more and less than 1 hour 30 minutes, 1 If it was less than the time, it was determined to be "poor." In the flavor inspection of the cream, characteristics that were found to be consistent among four or more of the five specialized panels were described. These measuring methods are the same in the description of the present invention hereinafter.
[0032]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004201601
[0033]
As is clear from the results in Table 2, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the fresh cream could be reduced to 3.77 to 0.75 mg / L by the reduced pressure treatment of -50 to -76 kPa, but the pressure of the sterilized cream was reduced. The higher the degree, the weaker the fragrance inherent in the cream and the poorer the emulsion stability, which was not preferable.
According to this comparative example, when the nitrogen gas is replaced to lower the dissolved oxygen concentration in the liquid, the pressure is reduced to a high level, and the bubbles of the nitrogen gas are removed, and then heat sterilization is performed. It could be confirmed that the flavor was weakened and a desirable cream could not be obtained.
[0034]
[Test Example 2]
20 kg of fresh cream (47% fat) is stored in a tank, adjusted to 50 ° C., and dissolved oxygen in the liquid is reduced by bubbling with nitrogen gas, and then 140 ° C. using a plate heat exchange sterilizer. A sterilization treatment for 2 seconds was performed. Table 3 shows the dissolved oxygen concentration, the physical properties of the pasteurized cream, and the results of the flavor test of the fresh cream with and without the replacement of nitrogen gas (control).
[0035]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004201601
[0036]
As is clear from the results in Table 3, the nitrogen gas-replaced fresh cream reduced the dissolved oxygen concentration in the liquid to 2 ppm or less by the bubbling treatment, and the sterilized cream was replaced with the nitrogen gas-replaced product without the nitrogen gas-replaced product. In comparison, the fresh milk flavor is strong, but the nitrogen gas bubbles remain very much and the emulsification stability is poor, and the coagulation of creams due to vibration during delivery and the formation of cream mass during long-term storage etc. It was expected to cause this and was not preferable.
[0037]
[Example 1]
20 kg of fresh cream (47% fat, 0.104 acidity, pH 6.79) is stored in a tank, adjusted to 35 ° C., and bubbled with nitrogen gas to reduce dissolved oxygen in the liquid, and then for a predetermined time. The cream was allowed to stand and defoamed naturally. Then, sterilization treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 seconds using a plate heat exchange sterilizer. Table 4 shows the dissolved oxygen concentration in each step of the fresh cream according to the standing time, the physical properties of the sterilized cream, and the results of the flavor test.
[0038]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004201601
[0039]
As is clear from the results in Table 4, the nitrogen gas-replaced fresh cream reduced the dissolved oxygen concentration in the liquid to 1 ppm or less by bubbling treatment, and the sterilized cream was replaced with a nitrogen gas-replaced product with a nitrogen gas-free product. By comparison, the fresh milk flavor was stronger. On the other hand, when degassing was not carried out after bubbling with nitrogen gas, the bubbles of nitrogen gas remained extremely much and the emulsion stability was poor. When the stationary defoaming was performed for 15 minutes or 30 minutes, the residual nitrogen gas was in the range of “slightly large” to “small” and the emulsification stability was also improved. When the mixture was allowed to stand for minutes, there was little residual air bubbles and the emulsion stability was good.
[0040]
[Example 2]
20 kg of fresh cream (45% fat) is stored in a sealed tank, adjusted to 50 ° C., and dissolved oxygen in the liquid is reduced by bubbling with nitrogen gas. The pressure was maintained at the reduced pressure for 5 minutes to remove bubbles. Then, sterilization treatment was performed at 100 ° C. for 30 seconds using a plate heat exchange sterilizer. Table 5 shows the dissolved oxygen concentration in each step of the fresh cream, the physical properties of the pasteurized cream, and the results of the flavor test according to the degree of pressure reduction.
[0041]
[Table 5]
Figure 2004201601
[0042]
As is clear from the results in Table 5, the nitrogen gas-replaced fresh cream has a dissolved oxygen concentration in the liquid reduced to 1 ppm or less due to the bubbling treatment, and the sterilized cream is a nitrogen gas-replaced product having a degree of pressure reduction of 15 to- Those subjected to a reduced pressure treatment of 35 kPa, particularly -15 to -19 kPa, had a cream-like milky flavor, a good flavor without a heated odor, and a good emulsion stability. Compared to these, those which have not been subjected to the decompression treatment have a large amount of residual air bubbles and poor emulsification stability, and those which have been subjected to a strong decompression treatment with a degree of decompression of -70 kPa have a weak cream original milk flavor and are preferred. Was not.
[0043]
[Example 3]
20 kg of fresh cream (42% fat) is stored in a tank, adjusted to 50 ° C., and bubbled with nitrogen gas to reduce dissolved oxygen in the liquid. The container was placed in a container (diameter: 90 mm × height: 140 mm), and the cylindrical container was rotated for 1 minute to perform defoaming by centrifugation. 1.5 L of this centrifugally defoamed nitrogen gas-replaced fresh cream was immediately sterilized at 130 ° C. for 2 seconds using a small plate heat exchange sterilizer (FT-74P, manufactured by Armfield). The strength of the centrifugal defoaming was adjusted according to the number of rotations of the cylindrical container to obtain a strong (1200 rpm), a medium (900 rpm), and a weak (600 rpm). Table 6 shows the dissolved oxygen concentration in each step of the fresh cream according to the strength of the centrifugal defoaming, the physical properties of the sterilized cream, and the results of the flavor test.
[0044]
[Table 6]
Figure 2004201601
[0045]
As is clear from the results in Table 6, the nitrogen gas-substituted fresh cream subjected to the centrifugal defoaming treatment had a good flavor with no creamy odor and the original milk flavor of the cream, When the strength of the centrifugal defoaming was strong or weak, the emulsification stability was slightly poor.
[0046]
[Example 4]
Three batches of butter were manufactured by a conventional method using the sterilized creams (2) to (4) (fat ratio: 45%) of the nitrogen gas-replaced fresh cream subjected to reduced pressure defoaming treatment obtained in Example 2 as a raw material. . As compared with the butter produced using the control cream without nitrogen gas replacement as a raw material, the butters of all the batches exhibited a good flavor without a heating odor.
[0047]
[Example 5]
Using the sterilized cream (2) (fat ratio: 42%) of the nitrogen gas-replaced fresh cream subjected to the centrifugal defoaming treatment obtained in Example 3 as an auxiliary material, based on the composition table in Table 7 below, by a conventional method. Margarine was produced. Compared to a margarine produced using a control cream without nitrogen gas replacement as an adjunct, fresh milk flavor was strong and good flavor was exhibited.
[0048]
[Table 7]
Figure 2004201601
[0049]
[Example 6]
Butter oil was produced by a conventional method using the sterilized cream (2) (fat ratio 47%) of the nitrogen gas-replaced fresh cream subjected to standing defoaming treatment obtained in Example 1 as a raw material. The butter oil thus obtained was dispersed in skim milk together with an emulsifier and salt based on the composition table in Table 8 below, and then the dissolved oxygen in the liquid was reduced by bubbling with nitrogen gas. The mixture was heat sterilized at 110 ° C. for 30 seconds to obtain a fat spread. Compared with a fat spread made using ordinary butter oil and a fat spread made without replacing with nitrogen gas, it exhibited a good flavor without heating odor.
[0050]
[Table 8]
Figure 2004201601
[0051]
[Example 7]
Based on the composition table in Table 9 below, raw materials including fresh cream were mixed, and then nitrogen gas was bubbled to reduce dissolved oxygen in the liquid, followed by static defoaming for 30 minutes. Subsequently, heat sterilization treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 30 seconds. The custard cream thus produced had a strong fresh milk flavor and a good flavor as compared to the custard cream produced without performing nitrogen gas replacement.
[0052]
[Table 9]
Figure 2004201601
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the creams are subjected to a defoaming treatment, followed by heat sterilization after reducing the dissolved oxygen in the liquid by passing an inert gas through the creams. Occasionally, generation of a heated odor based on dissolved oxygen in the liquid can be prevented, and the original flavor of the cream can be maintained. Moreover, physical properties such as emulsification stability of the pasteurized creams are good, and excellent creams can be provided.

Claims (7)

クリーム類に、不活性ガスを通気して液中溶存酸素を低下せしめたのちに、脱泡処理を行い、ついで加熱殺菌することを特徴とする、風味が良く、流通・保存時の乳化安定性にすぐれたクリーム類の製造法。Inert air is passed through creams to reduce dissolved oxygen in the liquid, followed by defoaming, followed by heat sterilization. Excellent method for producing creams. クリーム類が、クリーム、還元クリーム、コンパウンドクリーム、合成クリーム、これらのクリームを原料として含有するクリーム様食品のいずれかの一つ以上である、請求項1に記載のクリーム類の製造法。The method for producing creams according to claim 1, wherein the creams are any one or more of creams, reduced creams, compound creams, synthetic creams, and cream-like foods containing these creams as raw materials. 脱泡処理が減圧処理、遠心処理、静置処理のいずれかの一つ以上である、請求項1に記載のクリーム類の製造法。The method for producing creams according to claim 1, wherein the defoaming treatment is at least one of a reduced pressure treatment, a centrifugal treatment, and a standing treatment. 不活性ガスの通気の際および/または脱泡処理の際、クリーム類の液温が、95℃以下、好ましくは10℃〜85℃、さらに好ましくは25℃〜70℃である、請求項1に記載のクリーム類の製造法The method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid temperature of the cream is 95 ° C or lower, preferably 10 ° C to 85 ° C, more preferably 25 ° C to 70 ° C during the ventilation of the inert gas and / or the defoaming treatment. Method for producing the described creams 請求項1〜請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の方法によって製造されたクリーム類の一つ以上を原料として使用して製造する油脂食品または油脂含有食品の製造法。A method for producing an oil-and-fat food or an oil-and-fat-containing food, which is produced using one or more creams produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 as a raw material. 請求項1〜請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の方法によって製造されたクリーム類、油脂食品、油脂含有食品の一つ以上を原料として使用して製造する油脂含有食品の製造法。A method for producing an oil / fat-containing food, which is produced using at least one of creams, oil / fat foods, and oil / fat-containing foods produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 請求項1〜請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の方法によって製造してなる風味のよいクリーム類、油脂食品または油脂含有食品。A savory cream, an oil or fat food or an oil or fat containing food produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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